Trees of the Kaliningrad region. Protected trees in the Kaliningrad region: five questions about the new law

The Kaliningrad region is one of the smallest regions of Russia in terms of area.

But, despite this, here you can find a wide variety of natural landscapes. And oak groves, and pine forests, and many kilometers of swamps and meadows, and even sand dunes on the Curonian Spit.

The entire Kaliningrad region is dotted with rivers, streams and streams. And on the sea coast are the main Kaliningrad resorts - Svetlogorsk and Zelenogradsk. They have federal status. However, you can relax by the sea in other wonderful coastal towns: Pioneer or Yantarny.

You can relax in the Kaliningrad region not only in summer. Healing air and a developed network of balneological establishments allow you to relax and be treated throughout the year.

Baltic Spit

The Baltic Spit is an amazing natural monument that has retained its virgin charm.

The Baltic Spit is named one of the most unusual peninsulas in the world, the portal writes. The World Geography.

How to get there?

You can get to the Baltic Spit using a ferry from Baltiysk.

Departure from Baltiysk - from the 1st berth from the Peter the Great embankment (50 meters from the lighthouse and the monument to Peter the Great).

The spit ranks fifth in the ranking after attractions such as Canada's La Dune de Bouctouche, Zlatni Rat in Croatia, Spain's La Manga del Mar Menor, and Ocean City in America.

The Polish part of the spit has long been mastered by the tourism industry, but from the Baltiysk spit for a long time remained a restricted area.

On the one hand, because of this, the infrastructure on the spit is practically absent, with the exception of a small camp site, on the other hand, here tourists are given a unique chance to feel like “savages”.

At your service are endless beaches, the Baltic Sea and the freshwater Kaliningrad Bay, pine forests, fields full of berries. Extreme lovers can explore the dungeons of the former military base, and street racers arrange races on the runway of an abandoned military airfield.

Kaliningrad bay

The Baltic Spit separates from the sea another extraordinary attraction of the southern coast of the Baltic Sea - the Kaliningrad Bay.

The Kaliningrad (Vistula) Bay is a water area located in the southern part of the Baltic Sea. It is bounded from the north by the southern coast of the Zemland Peninsula and the Baltic Spit, which separates it from the sea from the northwest.

This is a beautiful lagoon that combines salt and fresh water, in the common people called transitional waters.

red forest

In the south-east of the region is the Red Forest - the legendary Rominten, which was once the largest forest in Germany.

Rominten Forest or Red Forest is a huge natural Park on the Vishtynetskaya Upland. Most of(2/3) is located on the territory of Russia, and the smaller one (1/3) is in Poland. The area of ​​the largest in the region woodland about 360 sq. km.

The alternation of hills, valleys and hollows, gentle slopes turning into colorful lakes - all this was formed back in ice Age. Thanks to this relief, the area has its own special quiet and calm climate.

Since the time of the Teutonic Order, Romintskaya Pushcha has been a place where a week-long hunt was organized for the Grand Masters of the Order.

Favorite hunting ground for German rulers

The unique forest landscape has become home to many animals.

47 species of mammals live in the forest, including red deer, elks, wild boars, beavers, roe deer, martens, muskrats, weasels. There are raccoon dog, wolf, lynx, otter.

There are fourteen species of fish in the Red River, including eel, pike, ide, barbel, and brook trout.

The flora of the Red Forest is no less diverse - about 100 species of plants are classified as rare.

Rominta Forest is a paradise for lovers of cycling and hiking.

You can walk in the Red Forest for hours - the diversity of the landscape, the murmur of streams, lakes, mushrooms, berries and bird chimes.

Vishtynetskoye lake

Lake Vishtynetskoye is a unique lake of glacial origin and is the oldest, deepest, largest, cleanest in the Kaliningrad region, it is often called European Baikal.

Vishtynetskoye Lake is rightfully considered one of the main assets of the natural world of the southeastern part of the region. The reason for this is not only the impressive size of the lake, but also the purest water, the volume of which is so large that it allows us to rank it among the most valuable sources drinking water in Europe. All this, plus the distance from settlements, makes Vishtynetskoye Lake a great place for a relaxing holiday alone with nature.

How to get there?

The best way to get to the lake is by car - first to the town of Nesterov, then to the south through the village of Nevskoye. Another option is also possible - to Nesterov by bus or train, and from there - by bus.

Be sure to stop at Yagodnoe, where the Pissa River flowing out of the lake is blocked by a dam, on which the picturesque ruins of an old mill are located.

To get to know the environment better natural world this area, you can stay in one of the rural estates of the Nesterovsky district.

curonian spit

There are places on earth that invariably evoke feelings of amazement and admiration. One of such unique corners of our land is rightfully considered the Curonian Spit - a narrow strip of land between by the Baltic Sea and the Curonian Lagoon, which stretches for 97 km from Zelenogradsk to Klaipeda.

If you came to the Kaliningrad region for one day and you have time to see only one sight, then do not waste time thinking - you simply must visit the Curonian Spit. Not by chance national park The Curonian Spit is included in the UNESCO Register of Protected Natural Heritage.

In the narrowest part, the width of the spit is 800 meters, in the widest part - 2 kilometers, the total length - 98 kilometers. Since 1987, the Curonian Spit has been a national park, and in 2000 it was included in the UNESCO World Register of Natural Heritage.

Ornithological station "Fringilla"

The Curonian Spit is sometimes called the "Bird's Bridge", people stop here migratory birds on the way from north to south. If you're lucky, you can become a witness, and sometimes a participant in the ringing.

A special attraction of the Curonian Spit is the local ornithological station Fringilla, one of the first in the world.

The forest is located on the 38th kilometer of the road that runs along the spit towards Lithuania.

No one has yet given a logical explanation for the “dancing forest”, which does not interfere with enjoying the view of this unique natural phenomenon.

How to get there?

You can get to the Curonian Spit by taxi, bus or private transport. Passengers in private transport and taxis are charged environmental fee, the amount of which depends on the type of car and the number of passengers.

Buses to the Curonian Spit and along it go from Kaliningrad, Zelenogradsk and Svetlogorsk - 3-4 times a day. If you take the bus, ask the driver to make a stop near the Dancing Forest.

The mystery that envelops the origin of the phenomenon, the mysticism and unusual shape of the trees make the place especially attractive to tourists. Such interest also led to negative consequences for the forest - trampling the soil, damaging the bark of trees. To protect and preserve the trees, the territory of the "Dancing Forest" was fenced off, and a special path made of wooden flooring was laid for tourists.

Come visit us to see everything with your own eyes! Believe me, you will want to come back here again and again.

The Forest Agency of the Kaliningrad Region searches for and inventories separately standing trees, bushes and entire parks, which received the status of natural monuments 30 years ago. Many plants are more than a hundred years old, and therefore they are valuable. According to experts, there are 62 such monuments in the region.

Or ex defended

Now experts are working with the 1985 document. It contains the general coordinates rare plants: about 60 breeds and state farms and forestries responsible for them, which no longer exist.

“Therefore, the necessary trees must still be found. Ecologists and the population help us with this. In general, the trees are in good condition. However, not everyone is alive, ”says Leading Consultant of the Regional Forest Agency Natalya Stemalshchuk.

A huge plane tree on Mira Avenue in Kaliningrad has been lost. The same fate awaited the 90-year-old Siebold nut in the village of Novaya Derevnya. The owners intended to cut it down - they say, it obscures the site. I had to convince them of the uniqueness of the plant. But in the village of Timiryazevo, at the teacher's house Galina Bryukhnevich, centennial yew fit perfectly into the landscape design.

The 800-year-old mighty oak is considered the totem of the ancient pagan Prussians. The tree grows in the yard of the former cheese factory in Ladushkino. This oak is also displayed on the coat of arms of the city. Photo: AiF / Stanislav Lomakin

After the "census" on natural monuments, it is planned to issue security obligations, and then install information boards near them. Although some exotics are already local brands.

Svetlogorsk is hard to imagine without girlish grapes, winding a mud bath and a water tower. The oldest pedunculate oak in the region has become the symbol of Ladushkin. He is over 800 years old.

Treated with cement

Until the middle of the 19th century, Konigsberg was a typical medieval city with densely built-up quarters, defensive fortifications and rare trees. Only noble people could afford parks and gardens.

Later they began to give them to the city. Intensive breeding and planting valuable ornamental woody plants in East Prussia took up at the beginning of the 20th century.

Varietal apples and pears from old German orchards in Soviet time got to the All-Union Agricultural Exhibition. True, to the stand of the Moscow region, where everything was the best. But the gardens that survived the war could not resist modern developers.

“When I arrived in Kaliningrad in 1947, there were only ruins around. The surviving trees were already wounded. We treated them with a cement-based compound. At the intersection of st. Komsomolskaya and Mira Avenue, such a tree has been preserved, but basically those that we saved have already been cut down, - recalls 95 year old, who headed the Green Economy Trust for twenty years. “We made the city a garden, starting from scratch.”

Kant Island. View from above. Photo: AiF / Stanislav Lomakin

Limes were dug up on Kant Island and brought from the forest. Then they planted chestnuts there - the Germans also loved them very much. Blue spruces were presented to Talyzin in Riga. True, under New Year of fifty firs planted in the city locals 38 were cut down and taken home. Seeds were taken from the surviving cones and began to breed.

“Moscow helped us with seeds, but when we organized our own nursery, all the seedlings were already our own - poplar, linden, maple, mountain ash,” recalls the veteran. - Up to a million flowers, tens of thousands of shrubs, hundreds of trees were planted on the streets a year. It is very painful to see how our garden city is being destroyed.”

But it seems that it is still possible to return Kaliningrad-Kenigsberg to its former glory as a garden city. A new green nursery in the region will be laid in the spring of 2016. Seeds will be brought from St. Petersburg. For urban forests, under which 1200 hectares are occupied, oaks, pine and spruce will be grown. For the needs of the city - hornbeam, mountain ash, linden.

The Kaliningrad region is represented by a plain. The climate is transitional from maritime to. It rains about 185 days a year. The hot or frosty period is short, the snow does not last long.

About 148 rivers with a length of more than 10 km, 339 rivers with a length of 5 km flow through the region. Most big hands- Neman, Pregolya. There are 38 lakes on the territory. The largest is Vishtynetskoye Lake.

Vishtynetskoye lake

Vegetable world

In this area, mainly and. The largest number forest is in the east. Most of the trees are pines.

Pine

In the Red Forest there are violets, toadflax, sour.

Violet

Toadflax

sour

Of the trees, there are also oaks, birch, spruce, maple. Hardwoods - beech, linden, alder, ash.

Linden

Alder

Ash

meet on the territory medicinal plants, berries - blueberries, blueberries,.

Blueberry

Blueberry

Cranberries and cloudberries grow in swampy areas.

Cranberry

Cloudberry

Mushrooms grow in the region, some are listed in the Red Book. Some of the mosses and lichens, iris and lilies are included in it.

Some plants that were brought from other places on the planet. One of these representatives is ginkgo biloba.

This tree is considered a "living fossil". It can reach a height of 40 meters.

The tulip tree growing in the Moritz Becker Park is the only specimen. He is over 200 years old. The trunk of the tree is forked, the leaves are large, it blooms in late June with yellow-orange flowers.

Red oak is from the eastern United States. An adult tree reaches up to 25 m in height. The trunk is covered with gray bark. Flowering occurs simultaneously with the blooming of the leaves. Oak is frost resistant. This species is a symbol of the Kaliningrad region.

red oak

The Rumelian pine is native to Europe. It is decorative.

Robinia pseudoacacia is a fast growing tree, resistant to drought. Popularly called white acacia. The tree can reach up to 30 meters, the average height is 20.

Robinia locust

Bear onion is a local representative of the flora. Listed in the Red Book. It has a specific smell, similar to garlic. It contains vitamins and microelements.

bear bow

Girlish grapes triostreny brought from Far East. It grows slowly, hard to endure winter. In autumn, the clusters acquire a rich scarlet hue. This grape is listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation.

Animals of the Kaliningrad region

The area is inhabited by predators, rodents, and ungulates. One of the big animals is the elk.

Elk

There are also roe deer and fallow deer. Several thousand roe deer and several hundred deer live on the territory. spotted deer are rare and valuable species.

Roe

Doe

Wild boars are rare animals for this region, nevertheless they are found. The area is inhabited by many ermines, martens, foxes, ferrets.

Boar

Ermine

Marten

Fox

Ferret

Of the wild predators, wolves are rarely seen. Rodents - beavers,.

Wolf

Beaver

Squirrel

The lynx is found in the forests. Due to poachers, the number of individuals has decreased.

Lynx

Evening small lives in deciduous forests and parks. A very rare sight. Lives mostly in tree cavities. After sunset, he flies out to hunt.

Birds of the Kaliningrad region

Birds - about 140 species, some species are extremely rare.

The red kite breeds only in this area. It can be found from March to September. It feeds on small reptiles, fish, carrion.

red kite

The serpent eagle belongs to the hawk family, the species is under the threat of extinction. Lives in pine and mixed forests.

snake-eater

The peregrine falcon is a species from the falcon family. Rare individuals winter in the Kaliningrad region.

peregrine falcon

Fish in the Kaliningrad region

Fish in reservoirs are represented - up to 40. Of marine species there is Baltic herring, sprat, flounder, Baltic salmon.

herring

Flounder

Baltic salmon

Archive "Klops"

In the Kaliningrad Regional Duma, in the second, final, reading, the law "On the Protection of Green Plantations" was adopted. It will enter into force shortly. About novelties of the document - in the material "Klops".

What tasks will be solved?

The new edition was adopted in order to eliminate the double interpretation of the law on the protection of the green fund and to better inform citizens about the work of trimming and cutting down trees and shrubs. Also among the goals is strengthening control over logging.

2. What must a person who cuts down a tree do?

Obtain a permit and provide it upon request official including the public inspector.

Develop a compensatory landscaping project and carry it out at your own expense or pay the local government for this work.

Install an information board next to the felling site about who and what types of activities are performed, as well as who allowed them to be carried out.

3. Under what conditions will compensatory gardening be carried out?

In the old version, the law also allowed ambiguous interpretation of compensation measures for logging. The draft of the new document provides for the planting of new plants and payment for compensatory gardening.

Work control has become more transparent and specific. The law now states that a destroyed tree can only be replaced by a plant of a similar or more valuable breed. In addition, it is not allowed to plant young trees instead of an adult tree.

4. Which trees will not be protected?

The law does not apply to plantings that interfere with agricultural work. In particular, permits will not be needed when clearing reclaimed lands from self-seeding trees or when cutting down engineering facilities for safety reasons.

5. What threatens the violator?

Fine up to one million rubles. It is issued to those for whom the felling was carried out, as well as to the local government. If you have information on illegal logging in the region, you can call 8-800-100-94-00.

The fact that the law on the protection of green spaces in Kaliningrad became known in February 2018. Alikhanov instructed the minister natural resources and ecology of the region to Oleg Stupin in as soon as possible reissue the document approved in 2006. In December 2018, the Regional Duma only drafted amendments, in June it was considered at the socio-political council under the head of the region.

In the Kaliningrad region, not far from the village of Rybachy, there is a strange, creepy place. However, it is just as beautiful. The Dancing Forest is a very popular and very mysterious local attraction, shrouded in a halo of legends and superstitions. Incredibly curved tree trunks seem to be spinning in some kind of frantic dance, and the reason for their “behavior” has not yet been precisely determined. This forest, which is part of national park The Curonian Spit attracts tourists and photographers like a magnet.

strange place

It is especially strange that in this forest you can hardly hear the singing of birds and there are almost no animals here. Well, the people who happened to visit this place, for the most part, admit that the sensations are strange. Some of the visitors feel a sharp surge of energy, while others, on the contrary, happen headache and there is a feeling of fatigue and apathy.

Even more terrifying is that there is deathly silence in the forest. It is violated only by excursion groups periodically visiting here, because this place is a very popular tourist route.

It is worth noting that on the Round Dune, where the Dancing Forest grows, not all trunks have strange shape- “dancing” trees are concentrated on a certain (however, quite large) area.

What is the reason for this "dance"?

According to one version, the deformation could contribute to some natural phenomena, allegedly arising in this place - for example, abrupt change wind direction, temperature changes. There is a hypothesis about the special composition of the soil in this place.

Adherents of another hypothesis blame insect pests for everything, the invasion of which was allegedly once observed in the forest. A version is put forward that the trunks damaged the gluttonous caterpillars of the wintering sprout butterfly.

Scientists confirm their hypothesis with information that the shoots usually damage young shoots of pines, and, moreover, it devours mainly the apical buds, and almost does not touch the lateral ones. As a result of the disappearance of the apical buds, the lateral buds begin to actively grow in the tree, which subsequently causes the curvature of the trunk. Scientists note that these caterpillars most often eat pine shoots growing on poor soils, poorly saturated with groundwater - just like on the Curonian Spit. However, to the question “Why did the caterpillars spoil only a certain part of the forest, and not all the trees?” there is no clear answer.

Proponents of the third hypothesis see the reasons for the "dance" of trees in the mobility of local sands. Geologists say that the Round Dune stands on a "pillow" of clay, which causes such mobility - in combination with the constantly changing wind direction, the angle of the dune, they say, is constantly different. Hence the curvature of the trunks. Other dunes of the Curonian Spit, according to the authors of this hypothesis, do not have such features.

In favor of the "non-mystical" versions is the fact that many trunks in the Dancing Forest are not curved along their entire length, but only in the lower part - which means that they were deformed only on initial stage plant growth.

Among the researchers there are those who see the reason for the deformation of trees in the powerful energy of this place, which has not yet been studied by the scientific community.

Mystic?

There are those who claim that the reason for the curvature of the trunks is the sacredness and the "special and mystical status" of the forest. Like, in ancient times very ancient oaks and beeches grew here. Among the local pagans, these trees were considered sacred. They worshiped them to such an extent that they once killed a famous Christian missionary because he disrespected the trees, or, in other words, violated the boundaries of the sacred grove.

The most mystical of the versions is that this place is a kind of portal to other worlds.

legends

There is also a more romantic legend-fairy tale. Like, once, many years ago, a pagan prince hunted in these parts. Suddenly he heard a beautiful bewitching melody and went to the sounds. Coming out into the clearing, the young man saw a beauty playing the lyre. They immediately fell in love with each other, but the girl set a condition for the prince: she would marry him only when he converted to Christianity. And to show her pagan lover the power of the Cross, she made the trees around them dance.

They say that 13 years ago they conducted an experiment in this forest - they planted young pine trees to see how they would grow. Time passed, but the trees did not bend. True, they grow very slowly, which again suggests that there is clearly something anomalous in the forest.

Trees at risk?

So, for example, a few years ago, the famous ring tree died - its bark was damaged and its root system was broken. This is due to the fact that tourists constantly sat on a tree, climbed through the ring, touched the trunk, trampled the ground. For ecologists, the forest is not mystical place and not a photo zone, but first of all a unique monument of nature.

Text: Anna Belova