Laws respect for nature. Respect for nature
The issues of environmental protection and respect for nature have been of concern to mankind for a long time, and in our time they are becoming increasingly popular. We all want to breathe fresh air, live in a clean city, eat natural products. For some reason, it seems to us that all these benefits should be provided to us by our state and government, but not by ourselves. But if you look at it, then this is a man, a rational being, a long time ago invaded the animal community and flora on Earth, tried and is trying to force nature to live according to its laws. He conquers space, invades undersea world Universe and even tried to turn back the Siberian rivers Syr - Darya and Amur - Darya, almost destroying the Aral Sea. All these activities we call clever words"technical progress". People have long tried to live according to the shameful slogan of socialism: "We cannot wait for favors from nature, it is our task to take them from her." They took for a long time, without giving anything in return. And when they came to their senses, "Ecology" created a whole science, but it turns out to destroy everything quickly and easily, but it is not enough to restore and recreate a whole life.
I think that in the soul of every person lives the memory of the days spent in the forest, in the field, by the river. Impressions received in childhood from communication with nature are unusually sharp, they leave a mark for life. Thanks to them, a person has a feeling of connection with everything living on Earth.
I was born and grew up in Ukraine, in a wonderful Polish region, where the golden fields of wheat and rye, with cornflowers woven into them, and the endless fields of flax with blue flowers, forever remained in my heart. In difficult moments of my life, I always mentally return to my small homeland, where there was so much light and warmth, where I felt calm and good. But, alas, for a quarter of a century I have been living in the harsh Siberian region, in the city of Surgut, where winter lasts 8 months and bitter frosts they test for strength and endurance not only people, but also nature itself. Our land is very rich and generous. We extract oil and gas, our rivers are full of noble fish, the taiga is generous with furs, mushrooms and berries. And again, with us, people, only consumer attitude to the surrounding reality, and the issues of caring for nature fade into the background. I, as an educator with thirty years of experience, have long understood that the education and formation of the right attitude towards native nature should start from early childhood. Teaching children to perceive the world, to teach them to understand nature, to ennoble their feelings, to appreciate its significance in our lives, to protect it, to help it in the fight against the barbaric attitude towards it - became the goal of my work with children, the goal of my life. Why did I begin to educate children in respect for the living? Firstly, I can’t do it differently, secondly, I don’t care what kind of world my children and grandchildren will live in, thirdly, I really want to trace the development of children in environmental plan from baby to adult. Will children acquire knowledge about nature, will they be its friends and defenders, will they believe in the inherent value of all life on Earth - these are the tasks that we, parents and educators, should think about and solve in close cooperation. I teach children that everything that is created on Earth should be loved and that everything should be treated with care. Both trees and flowers are very painful when they are broken and trampled on. For children on a walk, it is enough to lift from the ground and let go “to the sky” ladybug to their children - and now it is a good deed, made by the hands of a child, for nature. Or, after rain, saving an earthworm so that it is not trampled on, and lowering it into a puddle so that it does not die from the heat is also a kind of feat, preventing the kids from pulling out from the neighboring area, the first dandelions that have just blossomed after a long winter - all these are good deeds my pupils, who are entered in the book of good deeds of Nature. And how much joy and admiration in children causes work in a flower bed. Together we plant flowers, take care of them, admire and rejoice in their beauty, try to remember the name of each flower. And to make it easy for children, I tell them wise legends that the people made up many centuries ago. So, our first northern flowers after a long winter are dandelions. According to legend, these are the children of the Sun, they were sent to Earth by him to shine like little suns. But the time comes, they turn into white fluff and return again to the sky. And how many interesting things you can tell children about field chamomile. The girl Maria fell in love with the guy Roman. For his love, he gave her a bouquet of beautiful white flowers collected from the god of sleep, and for this he remained forever in the realm of dreams. In memory of him, these flowers were called daisies. And who among us has not admired the beauty and variety of pansies? And they are named after the girl Anyuta, who loved flowers very much and grew them from a small flower seed brought to her by swallows from warm lands. Having heard these legends, children will never be indifferent and indifferent to beauty, will not be able to pick or trample a flower, and certainly will not be themselves and will not allow their parents to collect large armfuls of flowers in the forest, in the field and in the flower beds of the city.
Separately, I would like to talk about "our smaller brothers", about those for whom we are responsible. My mother told me this parable in my distant childhood: “God somehow descended to Earth to see how people live without him. He changed into the clothes of an old man and knocked at the first house he came across and asked for bread and water. Door opened rich woman, with a child in her arms, she not only did not let him on the threshold, but did not even listen to his request. God got angry with the people and decided to send famine on them. He went out into the field and began to destroy the grain. And in those days, ears of bread grew from the very ground, God began to pluck the grains from the stems, and suddenly he saw a cat and a dog near him. They cried and asked God to take pity on them, not to destroy all the bread, but to leave them at least a little, because they are not to blame that people have become so greedy and cruel. God took pity on them and left them the tops of the spikelets that are now growing in our fields. Since then, we humans have been eating cat and dog bread, which they begged from God.” This parable, but how wise and instructive. And what are we people? Yes, we love cats and dogs, we even let them live in our apartments as long as… we are comfortable with them. But as soon as some problems arise, we throw them out into the street without pity or a twinge of conscience. And our soul does not hurt at all, that they are living beings, that they served us faithfully and truthfully. You look into the eyes of abandoned animals, there is always one question: “For what?”. And they bark at us, and bite us - and we all deserve it! After all, if we, Humans, were responsible for our actions, there would not be a single abandoned dog and cat on Earth, there would be no need to create funds to protect homeless animals, and prove to the city authorities that they also have the right to live.
And again, I want to look at this problem through the eyes of my children. In the morning Timothy came to Kindergarten and said that he now has a dog. The children asked what breed she was, what her name was, where they bought it. To which the boy replied: “She has no breed, she is a mongrel, she has no name. My dad and I found her when we were walking on the street and decided to help. We built her a house near the heating main. She is warm and comfortable there. We will take care of her. She is now my dog."
You should have seen the eyes of this child. With what pride and dignity this little man told about his good deeds. How much compassion and sympathy was in his words, we adults could learn from him. Timofey also asked for permission to take the waste that will remain with us after dinner and feed it to his dog. And the children helped him collect, listened interesting news and stories about her. And by spring, in gratitude for this, she gave birth to four puppies. Watching all this, I was sure that this child would never raise a hand to offend either a dog or a kitten, or crush a spider or an ant, because he understood that all this is living on Earth and has the right to live. We can talk a lot about tolerance among adults, but we need to learn compassion from our children. After all, children are more sincere and honest than us, and sometimes even wiser. It depends on us, adults, in what world they will live, what planet we will leave as a legacy to them, our children. If they are mistaken in relation to nature, if they are callous and cruel, then this is only our fault, our pain and our grief. I really want them and nature to live happily and peacefully, in harmony on our Earth. After all, where it is bad for us, it is bad for our neighbors on the planet. And by saving them, we are saving ourselves.
- Take all your trash with you!
- Do not disfigure nature with inscriptions and ribbons!
- Do not cut live trees!
- The place where you were should look exactly like it looked before you!
Before leaving for nature
To avoid the problems associated with garbage disposal, take care of this at home:
- We unpack all the new equipment, throw out the wrappers and labels, carefully read the instructions for use and leave them at home. Do not be in a hurry to laugh, I constantly find this kind of garbage in parking lots!
- It is very important to prepare provisions - the main source of garbage in nature. In no case do we take glass, we pour the contents from glass containers into plastic. Since, firstly, it will be easier for you to carry all this, and secondly, it is virtually impossible to dispose of glass in nature - only carry it back with you. Try to get rid of any excess packaging, even if you do not intend to scatter garbage, some label or plastic box will still fly away from the wind, roll under a bush, and you will not notice it.
- Do not take disposable tableware! Not only does it scatter all over the neighborhood from any breeze, it is also impractical: it is inconvenient to eat from it, and forks and spoons break even from the most tender barbecue. Buy cheap aluminum plates from the tourist shop: they are light, quite durable and you can heat food on them. Advanced tourists can purchase sophisticated folding plates, spoons and even pots, since this goodness is now in bulk!
- Bring more trash bags. They will help to avoid the inconvenience of collecting garbage, and can always come in handy as a protection for your belongings from moisture and dirt.
Cooking in nature
Friends, it's the twenty-first century in the yard, it's time to start using technological progress and use gas burners for cooking in nature instead of a primitive fire!
The use of burners not only preserves the forest and nature, but also facilitates and increases the comfort of your trips.
Pros of using burners instead of a campfire:
- We spend less time cooking.
- We spend less energy on cooking: we do not need to look for and chop wood, kindle and maintain a fire.
- We are not dependent on the weather: even in the heaviest downpour, in a forest soaked through, a small shelter is enough to prepare a delicious lunch.
- No need to wash the boilers from soot and figure out how to carry them during the trip. The soot from the fire is very difficult to wash off, and if you do not put the bowler hat in a tight bag, it will stain all your equipment.
- We carry less weight with a short trip duration. You say you need to carry a burner and fuel, but even the heaviest folding burner will be lighter than the lightest good axe.
- Autonomy. You are not tied to places with the availability of firewood, which means that you can put up a tent anywhere and build a route in a way that suits you, and not as dictated by the flora of the area. In addition, it is often forbidden to make fires in nature reserves and on trekking routes, but you can use a burner everywhere.
- The smell of a fire will not permeate all your clothes and equipment. This is important if after a hike you cannot immediately change all your clothes, for example, when traveling long distances. It just so happens that taxi drivers, neighbors in a reserved seat or compartment, hotel administrators and other people you meet after the trip will snort at you with displeasure, smelling this very aroma of burnt wood.
Of course, the fire has one weighty argument: the fire is the romance of a hike, the crackling of firewood, the dance of flames and the aroma that permeates camp food. Therefore, no one says that it should not be bred at all, you just need to do it carefully and only where there are already bonfires, however, let's talk in more detail.
Bonfires in nature
If there is still a need to make a fire, then we we follow a few rules:
- We make a fire at the old campfire. It is not necessary to produce such places, there are already enough of them. If there is a lot of garbage in the fire pit, then do a good deed - burn it before you settle in the parking lot or collect it in a bag and do it before leaving. If there was an emergency stop and you have to make a fire in a new place, then try to remove the top layer of soil along with the grass, and lay a piece of turf back after care. This will not only give the grass a chance to grow back in this place, but also protect against the fact that someone will stop here again.
- We collect firewood correctly. Oddly enough, small branches that have fallen naturally - brushwood and "draught" (dry pieces of wood that can be easily found on the banks of reservoirs) are best suited for making a fire and cooking food on it. Both of them emit a lot of heat during combustion, easily ignite, and are easy to collect. It is much easier to go further into the forest and bring an armful of brushwood than to cut dry wood nearby, which will still need to be sawn and chopped. In addition, it is not so easy to find a real “dry forest”: a tree that seems dry can be completely wet inside, the presence of even one green leaf on the trunk indicates that the tree died not so long ago and it is not worth felling. If you are sure that the tree is dry, cut it as close to the ground as possible - think about how no one runs into the remaining stump. A wet tree will give you a lot of trouble, so I repeat: it is much easier and more efficient to bring a few armfuls of brushwood, even from afar, than to suffer with damp thick firewood. And please, do not rip birch bark from live trees for lighting, birch bark collected from rotten dead wood burns as well as from a fresh tree!
- Extinguish the fire after us! You must have come across signs warning you against careless handling of fire? And not in vain. Unextinguished bonfires very often cause terrible forest fires! And not only bonfires, one unextinguished cigarette can burn an entire region! Why is there a cigarette, a piece of glass lying in dry grass can start a devastating fire. And this is not only about protecting nature: such fires can destroy entire villages and small towns, remember this and watch what you leave behind in nature.
What to do with trash while traveling
If we lived in an ideal world, then we took absolutely all the garbage with us to the city, sorted it out there, and special factories would process it and reuse it. But back to reality, our cities are not yet ready for this and all the garbage lies in landfills. Of course, there are already initiative groups working on this problem, and we fully support them, however, for now, let's talk about how we can minimize the harm caused by tourists to the environment.
- We burn what we can burn. If paper can be burned without thinking, then there is disagreement about plastic. The fact is that when burning plastic, harmful substances are released. This is a big and controversial topic that you can read about on the Internet (), but the bottom line is that there is no single right solution yet. If possible, take the plastic with you, in other cases it is still better to burn it than to leave it lying for tens, even hundreds of years. Just do not burn old tires, leaky rubber boats and huge pieces of polyethylene; you can’t do anything with them - leave them to those who can or drag them to the nearest signs of civilization (forest hut, railway station, etc.).
- Tin cans are also better to take away, but if this is problematic, then at least carefully burn them in a fire. Thus, you will burn the top layer that protects the tin from corrosion. After firing, the jar must be pressed and buried, or placed under a large stone where no one will see it. A burnt tin can decomposes within one or two seasons.
- Anyuta and I try to pick up garbage lying along the trail, burning it in the parking lots on long trips, and taking it to civilization on short trips. What we advise you, plus to karma is guaranteed, besides, the chances of good weather increase significantly, - checked!
Washing dishes, toilet and other hygiene during the trip
A toilet in nature is a sensitive topic, but there is nothing to worry about, just remember a few rules:
- If there is an organized toilet, then use it. I know sometimes they look like nightmare, but such toilets are placed in places where the whole district begins to turn into a nightmare. Be reasonable, let it be disgusting only in these toilets, and not throughout the district! In addition, not everything is so scary: they try to follow this in paid parking lots, and if not, then you have every right to demand that those who collect money from you get out.
- If there is no toilet, your task is to make sure that no one sees and does not fall into your traps. There are many ways, it is enough to show a little ingenuity: for example, imagine yourself as Archimedes and, having found a fulcrum, move a large stone with a lever, and after your secret operation, return it to its place, so that all the pieces of paper also remain under the stone. Or you can cut off a layer of turf with a sharp branch and then lay it back. I think you yourself can come up with an interesting maneuver, imagine yourself as Bear Gryls alone with nature, use improvised means, and no one will know about your adventures. In addition, there is a special tool for masking dirty deeds -
- Toilet paper, although not so quickly, still decomposes, but some hygiene products can lie for ages. This applies to girls and couples in love, everyone understands perfectly well what I mean, and precisely because everyone knows everything, you should not be shy to go to the fire where your comrades are sitting and burn what does not rot. As a last resort, wrap your garbage in a napkin, ask everyone to turn away, throw it into the fire and put firewood on top. Much more shameful to pollute the forest than to be in a slightly awkward situation around the fire!
Washing dishes in nature is also worth taking care of nature. Try not to use detergents, heavy dirt can be washed off with sand, moss, grass and other improvised means. Some tourists use ordinary mustard powder to wash dishes. But if you still cannot do without chemistry, buy a special eco-friendly product in a travel store.
Eco-friendly hair shampoos, hand soaps and laundry detergents are also on sale. All this, of course, works worse than evil chemicals, but it does not pollute the reservoirs from which you drink water!
Anyuta has long thought of a way not to wash dishes in ponds: she always takes paper napkins with her, after a meal it is very easy to wipe dishes and cutlery with them, besides, fat is removed with napkins better than when rinsing in water. And the used paper can be burned right there.
Finally
I think, general principle careful attitude to nature on the part of tourists is already clear to you. The main thing is to leave nature in the form in which it existed without us. Why all this is necessary is a rhetorical question, but we do not ask ourselves why a person needs health. So taking care of the environment is taking care of the health of the planet, if we let it get sick, then we will get sick too.
Finally, folk wisdom: if you think that your wishes will come true after beautiful place If you leave your rubbish behind (be it a tied ribbon, an abandoned shoe, a hat, a piece of a tent, etc.), then you are greatly mistaken - nature will only be angry with you. There is a true sign: take with you some of someone else's garbage from a sacred place and all your desires will be fulfilled. The sign works, we have checked it repeatedly!
Travel friends and love nature, because she really loves you!
Attachment 1.
Classroom hour on ecology on the topic:
"Careful attitude of people to nature"
Target: To form elements of an ecological outlook and upbringing in children, to develop a positive emotionally-value attitude towards the natural environment.
Tasks: - to form children's knowledge about nature, about careful and caring attitude towards it;
Develop Creative skills children, ingenuity and ingenuity, their erudition;
To educate in children love and respect for nature, the ability to see and respond to the beautiful in the natural environment.
Equipment: ICT, didactic material, colored pencils, nature coloring books, presentation, handout, glue, paper, magnetic board and magnets.
Course progress.
Psychological mood.(slide number 3)
Miracles do not happen! Miracles do not happen!
But the morning flies through the windows like a swan!
And with a white wing disperses the fogs!
And the sky turned from white to ruddy!
2. Organizational moment.
Hello guys! They sat down correctly. Guess what we'll be talking about in class!
Look my dear friend
What is around?
The sky is light blue
The sun shines golden.
The wind plays with leaves
A cloud floats in the sky.
Field, river and grass,
Mountains, air and foliage.
Birds, animals and forests
Thunder, fog and dew.
Man and season
It's all around ... (Nature)
3. He came to visit us today ... And who will you find out by guessing the riddle:
In the summer he walks without a road (slide number 4)
Near the pines and birches,
And in winter he sleeps in a lair,
Hides the nose from the cold.
(Bear).
Today a bear came to our lesson. He asks us to explain to him - what is nature and how should it be protected? Shall we tell him?
Listen to the teddy bear poem.
We love the forest at any time of the year, (slide number 5, 6)
We hear rivers slow speech ...
All this is called nature,
Let's always take care of it!
Pupil2.
In the meadows of sunny chamomile,
Such that it is brighter in the world to live ...
All this is called nature
Let's be friends with nature!
Student3.
Flying, ringing, raindrops from the sky,
Smoke swirls at the dawn of fog ...
All this is called nature,
Let's give her our hearts!
Student 4.
The farewell waltz dances with the summer wind,
An evening star trembles in the window ...
All this is called nature
Let's love her forever!
Guys, everything that surrounds us is called nature.
game moment: "Hungry Bear» (slide number 7)
Target : develops attention, concentration on the task, arbitrariness; reinforces knowledge about food relations between animals and plants using the example of a bear; expands the horizons about the species diversity of plants and animals.
So, for example, animals and plants are interconnected through food. Some feed on others, and therefore cannot exist without each other. Let's see what such a mighty beast as a bear eats.
In the spring, hungry after hibernation, he eats various animals: roe deer, fish and even ants, and in summer and autumn he likes to eat acorns, various root crops and other plants.
A "bear" and a breeder are selected. The rest of the players come up with the names of animals and plants from what the bear eats. "Bear" does not hear it. Once the roles are set, everyone except the bear squats down and pretends to be asleep.
At this time, a “bear” approaches the breeder and says “Knock, knock!” The breeder wakes up and asks:
Who is there?
Bear.
Why did you come?
I am hungry.
What exactly?
The bear calls what he wants to eat, for example, "acorns."
If the required food is available, the breeder says: “There is such food, take it!”
The player with the name of the required food runs away, and the "bear" catches him. The caught player becomes a "bear". The uncaught player stays in their original role, having changed their name.
Note :
The player must run to a predetermined place, for example, in a circle or beyond the line.
The player who was touched by the “bear” with his hand is considered to be caught until he reaches the designated place.
Creative work. From the proposed details, the child collects the application "Nature"
Nature is "living" and "non-living".(I show everything on the application.)
(slide number 8)
What is related to wildlife? (Everything that grows, breathes, eats, reproduces: man, plants, animals.)
What applies to inanimate nature? (Air, water, earth, stones, natural phenomena.)
5.Let's play: I name a word, and you show a picture and say: does this refer to “living” nature or to “non-living”. (Thunderstorm, rain, snow, tree, animal, insect, sun, slave)
6. Finger gymnastics:“Rain” - they tapped their fingers on the table - like rain. (slide number 9)
7. Articulation gymnastics: The tongue twister “A hedgehog has a hedgehog, a snake has a snake” (slide No. 10, 11)
8. Learning new material. Everyone knows how a tidy room or a sparkling clean apartment should look like. But to restore and maintain order in our environment, we need well-trained ecologists. "Ekos" in Greek means "house", "logos" - "study, science". Ecology is the science of our common home. The term "ecology" was proposed in 1866 by the German biologist Ernst Haeckel. But only since the second half of the 20th century has mankind begun to seriously study the interaction of organisms with each other and with environment. All life on Earth is interconnected. The ecologist tries to determine what influence man and nature have on each other and how to achieve mutual understanding and cooperation between them. Nature is going through a lot of upheavals today. The words are heard more often: unfavorable ecology, ecological crisis, ecological catastrophe, new ecological trouble.
Problem question:
What should be done to avoid disaster? (Children's answers) (slide number 12)
To avoid disaster, nature must be protected.
9. Fizminutka "Fish" (slide number 13)
The fish swam and splashed in the clean, warm water.
Then they will converge, they will disperse, then they will bury themselves in the sand.
Listen to the poem. Do the guys behave correctly while relaxing in nature? (slide number 14)
We came to the river to spend Sunday,
And you won't find a free place near the river!
They sit here and they sit there!
Sunbathing and eating
Rest as they wish
Hundreds of adults and children.
We went along the coast
And they found a clearing.
But in a sunny meadow
Here and there empty banks
And, as if to spite us,
Even broken glass!
We went along the coast
Found a new place.
But even here they sat before us;
They burned a fire, they burned paper
They also drank, they also ate,
They messed up and left!
Of course we passed...
Hey guys! - shouted Dima -
Here's a place to go!
Wonderful view! Lovely beach! Unpack your luggage!
We swam, sunbathed,
Burned a fire, played football
Have fun as much as you can!
They drank kvass, ate canned food,
Choral songs sang ...
Relax and leave!
And stayed in the clearing
At the extinguished fire:
Our two broken flasks,
Two soaked bagels -
In a word, a mountain of garbage!
We arrived at the river
Monday to spend
Only a clean place
Not to be found near the river!
What would you guys do?
Rules of conduct in nature.
You can’t pick flowers, destroy bird nests, trample mushrooms, make noise in the forest.
Endangered species of animals, birds and plants are listed in the Red Book!(slide number 15)
There is an application “Nature” on the board, we attach piles of garbage to it - we compare,
"pure" nature and "dirty". How is it better?
Student: Tree, flower, grass and bird
They don't always know how to defend themselves.
If they are destroyed
We will be alone on the planet.
10. The result of the lesson. Tell the bear what nature is and how it should be protected! (slide 16)
10. Relaxation.
Take care of the Earth. take care
Skylark at the blue zenith
Butterfly on dodder leaves.
Sunshine on the paths...
The hawk hovering over the field
A clear moon over the river calm,
A swallow flickering in life.
Take care of the Earth. Take care!...
Well done! (slide number 17)
This lesson is conducted for students of the 3rd grade, aimed at the development of personal, meta-subject and subject results. The technology of the pedagogical workshop corresponds to the principles of student-centered education in the system of work with students during extracurricular activities. It presents to each participant, based on his abilities, interests and subjective experience, the opportunity to realize himself on extracurricular activity. Students, using creative activities, continue to work on the formation of a value attitude to nature, the environment, activity in the matter of saving and protecting the environment.
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Lesson summary in 3-A grade on the world around
on the topic "Respect for nature"
Primary school teacher
GBOU secondary school №57
Primorsky district of St. Petersburg
Lesson-workshop "Respect for nature"
Target:
Education of a value attitude to nature, the environment (ecological consciousness);
Education of active activity in the matter of saving and protecting the environment.
Tasks:
Educational:
To form an idea of the rules of behavior in nature;
Learn to make the right moral choice;
Develop the ability to organize a joint creative activity students;
To identify and create conditions for the individual creative activity of each child.
Developing:
Create conditions for the development of ecological, patriotic, ethical culture of students;
Develop the ability to work in a group;
Educational:
- ecological consciousness;
- patriotism (love for the motherland, for one's own small homeland);
Citizenship (law and order, service to the Fatherland);
Social solidarity (mercy)
Expected Results (PLE):
Personal:
Installation on conscious correct behavior in nature;
Awareness of oneself as a citizen of Russia, a feeling of love for one's native country and one's small homeland, expressed in interest in its nature and desire to participate in common affairs and events;
Installation of social solidarity (mercy), a safe and healthy lifestyle (safe behavior in nature and in in public places); knowledge of the rules healthy lifestyle life;
Metasubject:
Regulatory:
accept and save the learning task, keep the goal of the activity until its result is obtained, evaluate the result of one’s work according to various criteria, distinguish between the method and result of one’s actions, adequately perceive the assessment of the teacher and classmates, plan one’s actions.
Cognitive:
make assumptions, discuss problematic issues, apply the model to generalize information
Communicative:
compose a text-instruction, leave small oral dialogic statements in accordance with the requirements speech etiquette work with information, interact with others
Subject:
The concept of nature, flora and fauna,
Knowledge of the rules of behavior in nature;
Mastering the means and methods of ordering, grouping and expressive presentation of factual data;
Experience in the use of these tools and methods for solving simple practical problems (drawing up a memo of behavior in nature, a poster "Protect nature!";
Presenting the results of their work to students and adults
Information resources for the lesson:
Multimedia projector, presentation, video (“Wounded Bird”), flower of mercy, drawing paper.
annotation
This lesson is conducted for students of grade 3, aimed at the development of personal, meta-subject and subject results. The technology of the pedagogical workshop corresponds to the principles of personality-oriented education in the system of work with students in extracurricular activities. It presents to each participant, based on his abilities, interests and subjective experience, the opportunity to realize himself in an extracurricular activity. Students, using creative activities, continue to work on the formation of a value attitude to nature, the environment, activity in the matter of saving and protecting the environment.
Lesson summary
1. Self-determination of activity. Setting goals and objectives of the lesson.
Listen to lines from a poem by Fyodor Tyutchev
Enchanted winter
The forest is bewitched -
And under the snowy fringe,
Motionless, dumb
He shines with a wonderful life ...
What is the poem about? (About the forest.)
What do you think we will talk about? (About the forest.)
About the forest, about nature, about the rules of behavior in nature, about ecology. In our country, 2017 has been declared the Year of the Environment.
What is a forest, you know nature. What is ecology? (slide 2)
2. Primary perception and awareness of the material.
(slide 3) (Ecology is the science of human interaction with the environment. The word "ecology" was formed from two Greek words: "ekos" - house and "logos" - science. The science of the house, but not the house in the usual sense, no, it is the science of our common home - nature. A science that teaches us to take care of nature. In class, we will talk about caring for nature. (slide 4)
I invite you to take a walk in the forest, admire nature, flora and fauna of the forest. (slide 5)
Good in the forest! We breathe clean air. We hear birds singing.
(slides 6-10) How much different trees, shrubs, flowers, mushrooms and berries grows in the forest. Butterflies flutter, buzz, chirp, various insects crawl. You can even see a squirrel, hedgehog, hare or fox. Moose, wild boars, bears and other animals live in the thicket of the forest. What is the mood of what you see?
3. Awareness of the material.
Let's continue the walk. (slide 11)
And now it's nice in the forest? (Not.)
What do you feel? Dirty, unpleasant, ugly. From dirt and debris in the reservoir, its inhabitants die. You can’t swim in such water, especially drink it, you can get seriously ill from this. Do not litter in the forest and pollute the water.
It is impossible to make a fire in the forest, especially in hot weather; a fire can break out from it in the forest, in which plants and animals will die.
You can't cut or break trees. They die. (A story about the functions of trees)
You can not pick flowers, especially in large quantities. If everyone vomits, then maybe there will be no flowers left. They won't last long in a vase or you can just throw them away. Admire flowers as they grow in nature.
Take care of animals. Don't destroy anthills. Ants are the nurses of the forest. Destroy many harmful caterpillars that destroy trees.
Do not destroy nests, do not touch the eggs of birds and chicks. The bird may not return to the nest, the chicks will die. But birds eat a lot of insects that harm plants.
What do you see? Who hurt her?
Do not kill frogs, lizards, snakes, animals and birds, do not hurt them.
Guys, take care of nature. It depends only on us, on the people, what it will be like. Love, pity, protect all living things, be kind and merciful.
Take care of your pets. Do not throw them out on the street as an unnecessary thing. Remember that you are responsible for those you have tamed. They depend on the person, only you and I can take care of them. And worthy of respect are the people who save homeless animals.
4. Physical education.
Get up. Imagine that you are trees, sway, move your fingers like leaves. The sun is shining, a light breeze is blowing. How good! Do you want to imagine something bad that can happen to a tree? (No.) Then let the tree live long, benefit nature and decorate the world around.
5. Consolidation and awareness of new material.
In the last century, for the first time, people began to seriously talk about ecology, to worry about the conservation of nature. The International Union for Conservation of Nature was created and natural resources. In 1966, this union published the Red Book of Nature. (slide 14)
The Red Book is a list of rare animals and plants on Earth, a list of those species that are endangered. It is called so because red means a danger signal, an alarm. It makes people think about how to save nature.
(slide 15) Reserves have been created in our country, there are about 100 of them. A reserve is a protected area in which all nature (land, water, subsoil, plant and animal world). People in the reserves preserve, breed rare species animals and plants. You can only go there on a guided tour.
Reserves are also created National parks. They also have a protected area, but visited by everyone. It is forbidden to litter, hunt, make fires here. The rules of behavior in nature are monitored by special patrol brigades.
But the whole forest is under the protection of special organizations - forestries. Anyone can visit the forest, but this is not a strictly protected area, as in nature reserves, reserves and national parks, but a cultured, educated person himself must know and follow the rules of behavior in nature.
Let's create a memo "Rules of conduct in nature."
(slide 16)
6. Fixing the material.
Group work. Each group makes their own handout. The commander of each group reads one rule at a time, and the rest of the groups check the presence of this rule in their list, if it is not there, then add it to the list.
You know the rules of behavior in nature, I hope that you will follow them.
I have prepared the rules of behavior in nature in verse, I will give them to everyone. They can be learned, and now we will read.
1. If you came to the forest for a walk,
Breathe fresh air
Run, jump and play
Just don't forget
That you can't make noise in the forest,
Even sing very loudly.
Animals get scared
Run away from the forest edge.
2. Do not break oak branches,
Never forget
Clean up trash from the grass
In vain, flowers should not be torn.
If I pick a flower
If you pick a flower...
If everything: me and you, -
If we pick flowers
They will be empty
Trees and bushes...
And there will be no beauty
And there will be no kindness.
So let the flowers grow!
3. Ruining an anthill is not work,
Ants protect the forest.
Remember, young and old
Ant is a forest orderly.
Be careful and vigilant.
An ant is small, but expensive.
4. Do not ruin the bird's nest,
The bird is so happy in its home!
She is always calmer in the nest,
When the storm is angry over the grove.
5. Let the butterflies fly
Well, who are they bothering!
There is no need to catch everyone here,
Stomp, clap, beat with a stick.
Do not shoot from the slingshot.
You didn't come to kill!
You are just a guest in the forest.
Here the owner is oak and elk.
Save their peace
After all, they are not our enemies.
Do you remember the rules of behavior in nature well? Let's check.
Fix game. (slide 17)
May Day
May day the children spent in the forest. They played, ran, shouted, tore flowers and wove wreaths, collected large bouquets of lilies of the valley. They lit a fire in the clearing, had lunch and left behind a lot of garbage. Caught a hedgehog and took him home.
Did the children behave correctly? Add to the memo the rules that were not mentioned.
We are city dwellers. How to follow the rules of behavior in nature in the city?
There are many flowers in the world, but there is a special one - a daisy. This flower has an interesting history. They say that the Most Holy Theotokos, the mother of Jesus Christ, wanted to please her son with flowers in winter, but there were no living ones. Then she began to sew flowers from yellow silk. The Most Holy Theotokos pricked her fingers with a needle more than once, and drops of her blood dyed the flowers pink and red. Jesus Christ liked the flowers very much, he kept them all winter as a jewel, and planted them in the ground in the spring. The flowers came to life, took root and grew all over the world. They grow and bloom in every country. And they called this flower, the flower of mercy, the flower of good deeds, in honor of the good deed that the Most Holy Theotokos did to her son Jesus Christ. It is also called the flower of the "Holy Mother of God".
You have daisies on your desks. Think about what a good deed you could do for our nature and write it down on a flower. Read. Pick up the daisies. What a wonderful garden of good deeds. (slide 19)
Attach the flowers to the paper. We will create a poster "Protect nature!". What else to add? (A memo of behavior in nature in verse.) Draw trees, birds, insects, animals and write "Protect nature!"
Well done! (slide 20)
7. Reflection. (slide 21)
Complete the sentences:
1. I agree that…
2. I realized that…
3. I know what to do to….
5. I will…
Bibliography
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5. Anashina A. V. They can bring a lot of trouble! // Primary School. - 2006. - N8.
6. Asadulina S. Yu. Quiz "Nature around us." // Primary School. - 2007. - No. 4.
7. Babakova T. A. Technology of local history in environmental education. // Ecological education, 2001, №1.
8. Bazulina IV Development of ecological culture in the open air. // Primary School. - 2005. - N12.
9. Barysheva Yu. A. From the experience of organizing environmental and local history work. // Primary School. - 1998. - N6.
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12. Bogdanets T. P. Ecological approach in teaching elementary natural science. // Primary School. - 2007. - N12.
13. Boyko L. A. Education of ecological culture of children. // Primary School. - 2005. - No. 6.
14. Bulatnikova T. F. Communication with nature as a means of environmental education of younger schoolchildren. // Primary School. - 1999. - No. 12.
15. Vasilyeva L. V. Along the forest path. // Primary School. - 2007. - No. 7.
16. Vakhrushev A. A. et al. Inhabitants of the Earth. Grade 3 Methodical recommendations for the teacher. Grade 3 - M.: Balass, 1999.
19. I know the world: Det. Encycl.: Ecology / Ed.- comp. A.E. Chizhevsky.
Artistic V.V. Nikolaev. Under total ed. O. G. Hinn. - M .: LLC "Publishing House AST". 1997.
20. extracurricular activities: Grade 3 / Author-comp.: O.E. Zhirenko, L.N. Yarovaya,
L.P. Barylkina, T.I. Tsybina.-3rd ed. revised and additional M., VAKO, 2008.
21. Song “Wounded bird. Request." Seryozha Paramonov. A. Pakhmutova-R. Rozhdestvensky.
Today - thousands, tomorrow - millions!
An open letter to the editors of the magazine "Around the World"
AT Astrakhan region a new youth movement was born - "For the Leninist attitude to nature." It is based on the ideas of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin about the education of a new, communist attitude of man to nature.
Our time, when the development of technology allows a person to change the appearance of large territories, and progress natural sciences opens up prospects for the use of new, previously unknown forces of nature, makes it especially careful to treat the riches that the earth gives man. Now it is no longer possible only to exploit nature - it is necessary to help her, take care of her.
We all imagine communism as an era of general abundance, as a time of a combination of powerful industry and a prosperous Agriculture with beautiful and generous nature. Therefore, the restoration and expansion of the reproduction of natural resources must be considered as one of the most important economic problems.
Per short term Astrakhan youth movement has achieved notable success. This is explained by the fact that it was closely connected with the solution of national economic problems.
The movement "For a Leninist Attitude to Nature" must become an all-Union movement. Our Motherland will be even more beautiful, even richer, if all young people take an active part in the great work of planting trees and shrubs in cities and villages, preserving forests, cleaning up rivers and lakes, and increasing soil fertility.
On the eve of the ninetieth anniversary of the birth of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, natural scientists, members of the Moscow Society of Naturalists, call on the youth of our country to follow the example of their Astrakhan comrades and join the movement "For a Leninist Attitude to Nature." There is no doubt that the initiative of the Astrakhan Komsomol members will be taken up by millions!
Sukachev V.N., academician;
Varsanofyeva V.A., corresponding member
Academy of Pedagogical Sciences;
Zenkevich L.A., corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR;
Yanshin A.L., academician;
Efron KM, Scientific Secretary of the Moscow Society of Naturalists;
Giller A.G., Scientific Secretary of the Nature Conservation Section
Lenin.
The most precious name for us.
Every year Lenin's many-sided genius is revealed to the whole world more and more vividly, the power of Lenin's revolutionary thought and his wise insight are more and more fully manifested. On all continents, people of all races and nations say with deep respect: Lenin.
Time can do a lot. It unrecognizably changes the face of our planet. But the feeling of gratitude to the founder of the world's first socialist state, which showed humanity the way to a brighter future, will never disappear from people's hearts.
"We have the material both in natural resources, and in the reserve of human strength, and in the wonderful scope that the great revolution gave to folk art - to create a truly powerful and abundant Russia." So wrote Lenin in 1918.
Lenin's dreams came true. The people, led by the Communist Party, created a powerful state of workers and peasants.
We are moving forward along the path indicated by the great Lenin - towards communism. Lenin's ideas, as before, lead us to the desired goal. They live in business Communist Party which the people proudly call Lenin's.
There is no sector of the creative work of Soviet people where Vladimir Ilyich's instructions on building a new society would not be reflected. We owe Ilyich the outstanding successes of electrification, the glorious victories of agricultural workers, the feat of the invasion of space, as well as many other accomplishments.
That is why everything connected with the activities of Vladimir Ilyich, his precepts, what is - at every stage of our construction - the most perfect expression of communist ideas, bears the name of the great leader. In the construction sites with which the Soviet people marked their first steps towards socialism, and in those magnificent in design and execution of technical structures that, as it were, open the door to the communist tomorrow, in the bright and elegant streets of our cities and in the names of collective farms created according to Ilyich's cooperative plan, a name dear to everyone is imprinted: Lenin.
The remarkable movement of communist labor brigades is also connected with the name of Lenin.
The glorious Komsomol also bears the name of the leader - faithful assistant parties. The young builders of communism strive to live and work as Lenin taught.
The tasks set before the country by the great seven-year plan require exceptional attention to the correct use of natural resources. Bringing the wealth of nature into orbit National economy should rest on a comprehensive thoughtful scientific basis. To implement this requirement, it is especially important to turn to the Leninist principles rational use nature, carefully implement the instructions of Vladimir Ilyich, developing them in relation to the needs of today.
The classics of Marxism have always associated the building of communism with the scientific organization of the use of natural resources. IN AND. Lenin, creating the Soviet state, immediately paid great attention to this. In the summer of 1918, the State Committee for Nature Protection, subordinate to Glavnauka, was organized. His duties included monitoring the observance of national interests by all organizations and persons acting in nature. With the personal participation of Vladimir Ilyich, a system of laws on the rational use of natural resources was developed, a network was laid state reserves, special scientific institutions designed only to perform tasks related to general questions of the study and use of nature. They were engaged, in particular, in the study of the relationships that exist in nature, as well as in the study of methods of nature conservation and the development of a zonal system of reserves.
How much attention V.I. Lenin paid to these problems is also evident from the fact that even in an exceptionally difficult year for the country in 1919, he pointed out to the representative of the Astrakhan provincial executive committee N.N. Podyapolsky on the need for the urgent creation of a nature reserve in the Volga delta. Vladimir Ilyich said that the fulfillment of such tasks was of great importance for the republic.
In conditions of fuel starvation, V.I. Lenin considered unacceptable the solution of difficulties due to an ill-conceived increase in logging, he emphasized the unconditional need for proper forest management, and he paid priority attention to the preservation and restoration of the forest. At the same time, he pointed out that the forests, as natural wealth, represent a nationwide fund, which should be used only in the interests of the state as a whole and is not subject to distribution either between individual departments or between administrative-territorial units. In May 1918 V.I. Lenin signed a decree in which the duty to take care of the forests was assigned to the authorities Soviet power and to the public.
Having learned that predatory fishing in the lower reaches of the Don threatens the restoration of fish stocks that has begun, V.I. Lenin wrote an angry letter to the RKI, in which he noted that the simple removal of the perpetrator from office was completely insufficient in such cases, and demanded his severe punishment.
Supporting the initiative of scientists, on May 14, 1920, V.I. Lenin signed a decree establishing Southern Urals The Ilmensky mineralogical reserve is one of the richest corners of the earth in terms of the variety of minerals. And some time later, in 1921, Vladimir Ipich signed a decree on the protection of natural monuments. These two Leninist decrees laid the foundations for the system of state reserves and formulated the most important principles of nature conservation for scientific and economic purposes.
Special attention to V.I. Lenin paid constant attention to ensuring a scientifically correct and integrated approach to nature and its resources.
The further development of our country not only fully confirmed the correctness of the Leninist principles of the planned organization of the use of nature, but also set before the Soviet state the task of implementing them even more extensively.
The further we go along the path of building communism, the more important new issues of environmental management arise. Old forms of using nature are dying out, new ones are being born. This process affects agriculture, animal husbandry, forestry and hunting ground etc., as well as relevant branches of science. Among the many other tasks set by the development of our economy, one of the most important should be singled out as the task of determining the most correct directions and systems for the use of newly developed lands in local conditions.
For example, in some climatic conditions the areas most fertile for agriculture will be the worst for forestry, and, conversely, in other conditions this opposite does not exist. Lands unsuitable for crops are often the best for some form of fruit growing. Other conditions the best way ensure the production of not plant products, but meat, milk and furs. In other cases, it is most expedient to use land for industry or for scientific research(reserves). Sometimes the integrated use of land for many sectors of the economy is profitable, sometimes only for one.
Proper use of land is determined not only by the properties of the land itself, but also by the economic situation. For example, deforestation in the upper reaches of the rivers can sometimes seem very reasonable: from the point of view of purely local interests, but it can cause a violation of the water regime in the lower reaches thousands of kilometers away. The problem of conservation of certain species of plants and animals has now acquired great importance. No matter how useless or even harmful in this moment any animals or plants, we may need them in the future. Harmful wheatgrass weed served to breed wheat-couch grass hybrids. Snake venom, venom of stinging insects, gopher fat heal a number of diseases. Many hundreds of species of animals and plants are now under the threat of complete extinction and must be preserved and studied in nature reserves from the point of view of the needs of industry, agriculture, and medicine.
Along with this, the fight against animals - pests of agriculture and carriers of diseases absorbs huge amounts of money in many parts of the country. Often these funds can be saved and, in addition, receive additional economic benefits. In many cases, it is possible to reduce the number of harmful animals so much that they can no longer practically cause harm by organizing the coordinated and correct use of lands and forests belonging to different organizations and departments.
To accomplish all these great tasks, it is necessary to launch a broad campaign to disseminate practical knowledge in natural science among the population and, above all, to increase attention to these issues in the system of public education.
Nature conservation must be approached from a Leninist standpoint, always remembering that deep understanding of its tasks, which was inherent in V.I. Lenin. Vladimir Ilyich demanded the rational use of nature and the preservation of the inviolability of individual sections of nature for research and economic purposes. At the same time, he proposed to conduct work in such a way as to influence the cultural development of exploited nature and the technical development of the socialist economy. Conservation of nature in this sense should be considered as part of our communist construction.
F.N. Petrov, professor, member of the CPSU since 1896
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