Criminal subculture of youth in modern Russian society: tendencies of formation and distribution Shpak, Sergey Valerievich. Skvortsov Sergey Valerievich Shpak Sergey Valerievich Head of Op 5

Last job:

December 2006 - January 2009 - TK Akvarel LLC (Production and sale of hygiene products: Compass, MegaMint, Lady Style, etc.).
Head of the division (Center, North-West, CIS, South, Volga region) - direct subordination to the General Director.

Responsibilities:
- Formation of pricing policy, development of a motivation system;
- development of distribution of STS Cosmetics products (TM Akvarel, Compass, MegaMint, Lady Style), search for new distributors;
- organization, development and operational management of the distribution network;

- participation in the development of trade marketing events, participation in exhibitions (InterCharm (Russia);
- conducting marketing research and market analysis;
- development and implementation of commercial proposals;
- personal sales, work with key clients of the Company (regional clients of the Russian cosmetics market: ZAO Tander - Krasnodar, ZAO Kubantorgodezhda - Krasnodar, OAO Era - St. Petersburg, etc.);
10 people in charge.

Previous work experience:

February 2005–December 2006 – OOO TD “Krasnaya Liniya” (Manufacture and sale of cosmetic products “Krasnaya Liniya”).
Deputy Export Director - reporting to the Export Director.
Responsibilities:
- development of distribution of TM Krasnaya Liniya on the market of the CIS countries (cosmetics “Krasnaya Liniya”, “Special Series”, “Blue Silk”, “Babushkina Apteka”), search for new distributors;
- Monitoring the implementation of sales plans and budgets;
- control and regulation of commodity flows, creation and maintenance of optimal warehouse stocks;
- analysis of the company's activities to achieve planned targets;
- participation in exhibitions (InterCharm (Russia);
- personal sales, work with key clients of the Company: Specialized Exhibition Center (Donetsk), Selvin (Minsk), Concordi (Tbilisi), LD Stels (Latvia), Laminto (Estonia), Elevita (Lithuania), LLC "Bostan" (Minsk). Alma-Ata (Kazakhstan)) and others;
- participation in the development of trade marketing activities.
15 people in charge.

March 2003 - February 2005 – LLC "Hyjin Kinetics" (Manufacture and sale of products TM OLA!).
Deputy Sales Director - reporting to the Sales Director.
Responsibilities:
- planning, organizing and managing projects;
- formation of pricing policy, development of a motivation system
- building quantitative and qualitative distribution of OLA! hygiene products, obtaining reports from distributors;
- building a sales network in the regions;
- control of a unified pricing policy and analysis of the competitive environment;
- participation in exhibitions (InterCharm (Russia, Ukraine) BytKhimExpo, Pharmacy, presentations;
- Monitoring the implementation of sales plans and budgets;
- control and regulation of commodity flows;
- formation personnel policy(selection, training, setting tasks for sales representatives in the regions);
- analysis of the activities of the Sales Department of the company to achieve planned targets;
- day-to-day management of the Company's Sales Department;
20 people in charge.

January 2002 - March 2003 - Hygin Kinetics LLC
Head of Regional Sales Department.
Responsibilities:
- collection of marketing information;
- analysis of the client base and activities of competitors;
- planning and control of shipments and payments;
- experience in organizing and holding international exhibitions in Moscow and Ukraine;
- formation and organization of the work of the regional sales department according to the territorial principle;
- planning, management and coordination of new projects of the company, development of new products.
- planning, organizing and managing projects;
- formation of pricing policy, development of a motivation system, personal sales,
15 people in charge.

June 2001 - January 2002 - "Hyjin Kinetics" LLC.
Regional Sales Manager.
Responsibilities:
- collection of marketing information,
- Analysis of the client base and competitors,
- planning and control of shipments and payments,
- experience in organizing and holding international exhibitions in Moscow,
- application of logistics knowledge to ensure accounting and optimization of commodity and financial flows, maintaining sales statistics.
- planning, management and coordination of new projects of the company, development of new products;
- organization and project management, launch of TM OLA! from zero cycle;
Supervised by 5 people.

February 1997 - June 2001 - CJSC Taydi,
Regional Sales Manager.
Responsibilities:
- search, attraction of wholesale customers in the regions,
- managing relationships with clients,
- monitoring the conclusion and compliance with contracts,
- organizing the work of the regional division,
- Sales forecasting and analysis.
Supervised by 2 people.

1984-1997 Service in the GRAU MO RF.
Reserve Major (Head of Department).

Professional skills and achievements:

Diligence, communication skills, good organizational skills, extensive experience in organizing sales, experience in launching a brand on the market, the ability to organize a team, experience in organizing and holding regional exhibitions, a high sales rate, the ability to achieve the intended goal, good knowledge of document management.

480 rub. | 150 UAH | $7.5 ", MOUSEOFF, FGCOLOR, "#FFFFCC",BGCOLOR, "#393939");" onMouseOut="return nd();"> Thesis, - 480 rubles, delivery 1-3 hours, from 10-19 (Moscow time), except Sunday

Shpak, Sergei Valerievich. Criminal subculture of youth in modern Russian society: tendencies of formation and distribution: dissertation... candidate of philosophical sciences: 09.00.11 / Shpak Sergey Valerievich; [Place of protection: Krasnodar. un-t of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia].- Krasnodar, 2012.- 152 p.: ill. RSL OD, 61 12-9/382

Introduction to work

Relevance of the research topic. The transformation of the political, socio-economic and socio-cultural life of the country that took place in the 1990s, following the collapse of Soviet Union and the transition of Russia to a qualitatively different model of political and economic organization, had not only positive consequences, opening up broad opportunities for development Russian Federation how modern state, but also accompanied by a number of negative factors. Among them, a special place is occupied by the criminalization of Russian society, which reached an extremely high level in the post-reform period. high level and accompanied by the penetration of the criminal worldview and the criminal subculture as a whole into almost all layers of Russian society.

Transition to a market economy in the 1990s became the cause of the colossal social polarization of Russian society, which, together with the massive impoverishment of the population and the devaluation of former socio-cultural values, contributed to the growth of crime in the country. The economic factors of the spread of crime were combined with sociocultural factors, primarily with the popularization of the criminal subculture in society.

Young people, especially underage teenagers, due to age psychological features, turned out to be the most susceptible to the criminal subculture that has spread in society. The traditional criminal subculture that has developed in places of deprivation of liberty and in the ranks of criminal gangs has rapidly penetrated into the youth environment, going beyond the original marginal "ghetto" in which it used to be.

The result of the criminalization of the youth environment was the formation of a specific youth criminal subculture, which, although it is a product of the influence of the adult underworld, has its own distinctive features that make it the most dangerous for the social stability of society. Certain components of the criminal subculture of youth have spread in educational institutions, the armed forces, yard and street companies and informal communities, i.e., almost everywhere where there is an accumulation of young people and adolescents.

The influence of the criminal subculture turned out to be enough for the younger generation to move from admiration for romanticized cinema, the press, music, thieves in law and bandits to directly criminal activity. Hundreds of thousands of young people in the 1970s and 1980s births whose adolescence and adulthood occurred during the 1990s were involved in criminal activity, many of them received prison sentences, others died in countless showdowns with competitors and clashes with law enforcement agencies or died of drug addiction, alcoholism, tuberculosis, AIDS - diseases associated with a criminal lifestyle.

AT modern Russia the rootedness of the criminal subculture in the youth environment has reached threatening social order and security of the state of scale, acting not only as one of the key reasons for the extremely high level of crime, including youth and adolescent crime, but also as one of the factors hindering the normal socio-economic and socio-cultural development of the country as a modern developed state. The need to counteract the spread of the criminal subculture in its youth version also requires knowledge of the specifics of the criminal subculture of youth, which is the reason for the relevance of this dissertation research.

The degree of scientific development of the research topic. The problems of studying the specific way of thinking and life characteristic of the criminal environment are in the focus of attention of many researchers working in such areas. scientific knowledge like philosophy, sociology, psychology, criminology, cultural studies. From the middle of the twentieth century there is a fairly extensive layer of sociological and criminological studies of foreign and domestic authors devoted to the analysis of the criminal subculture as a social phenomenon.

Features of criminal behavior in different time studied by such authors as E. Durkheim, G. Tarde, E. Sutterland. The works of C. Lombroso consider crime and the personality of the criminal from a biological standpoint. So, according to the author, essential heredity plays a role in the formation of the criminal orientation of the individual. The works of M. Foucault help to reveal the influence of imprisonment in places of deprivation of liberty on the transformation of the personality of a criminal (prisoner), calling into question the traditional approach, which assumes the “corrective” nature of imprisonment in a penitentiary institution.

Serious sociological and criminological studies of the criminal subculture began abroad, primarily in the United States, in the second half of the 1930s. and were associated with the names of such well-known sociologists as A. Cohen, R. Merton, T. Sellin. R. Merton put forward the concept of social anomie, within the framework of which it is possible to study marginal communities that give rise to a specific subculture close to criminal. A. Cohen drew attention to a special type of culture emerging as a result of cultural conflict, characteristic of criminal communities. Cohen's views were developed by his followers R. Cloward and L. Olin.

A significant contribution to the study of the social phenomenon of subculture was made by D. Reisman, C. Reich, T. Rozzak and other authors who studied youth subculture in the context of intergenerational contradictions in modern society. Since the youth criminal subculture in its modern version is a product of a post-industrial society, the works of R. Barthes, Z. Bauman, J. Baudrillard, G. Deborah, J. Deleuze, F. Guattari are of considerable interest in the framework of this study. In particular, the concept of nomadism by J. Deleuze and F. Guattari can be used in the analysis of the nature of the very phenomenon of youth subculture, including the criminal one. M. Maffesoli draws an analogy between youth subcultures and "tribes" of a traditional society. A certain similarity between two so different, at first glance, social structures, notes the criminologist J. Katz.

In the context of the wide distribution of youth subcultures in Western countries in the 1960s–1970s. scientists turned to the study of such a specific variant of the youth subculture as the subculture of antisocial and criminal youth groups. First of all, this kind of research was carried out by scientists from the United States, where the problem of youth crime is extremely acute. It should be noted the works of such authors as W. Miller, L. Jablonsky, M. Jankowski, who emphasized the importance of social and psychological factors in involving young people in criminal groups formed on a territorial basis. D. Katz paid special attention to the symbolic aspect of the youth criminal subculture, which plays an important role in the development of the group identity of youth criminal and semi-criminal groups.

A sharp surge in youth crime in the Soviet Union in the late 1980s. and in post-Soviet Russia actualized the problem of studying the criminal subculture of youth in the domestic social sciences and humanities. It should be noted the works of such scientists as Yu.K. Alexandrov, V.M. Anisimkov, I.Ya. Gilinsky, V.E. Goryunov, A.I. Gurov, V.F. Pirozhkov, V.V. Tulegenov. A.P. Dubnov and A.V. Dubovtsev consider the "philosophy of crime" - a specific system of worldview attitudes, which is typical for representatives of the criminal world and has certain parallels with the philosophy of F. Nietzsche, A. Schopenhauer, M. Stirner.

The study by G. Glonti and G. Lobzhanidze examines the subculture of "thieves in law" and a specific thieves' ideology, which has a tremendous impact on the value and behavioral attitudes of representatives of domestic criminals, including youth criminal groups. V.F. Pirozhkov analyzes the features of the criminal subculture in its youth version, which are manifested not only in places of deprivation of liberty, but also in the army, in educational institutions. It should also be noted the works of I.P. Bashkatov, which contain valuable information regarding stratification in places of detention for minors and youth criminal groups.

A number of works by domestic researchers are devoted to the analysis of the specifics of the formation and functioning of youth criminal groups, the system of relations that have developed in them, stratification, and the value and worldview attitudes of their representatives. First of all, it should be noted the works of S. Stevenson on Kazan youth groups, S. Belanovsky and D.V. Gromov about the subculture of "Lubers", etc.

At the same time, there is a certain lack of research of a generalizing nature, which would not consider individual components of the youth criminal subculture or its particular manifestations, but the youth criminal subculture as a holistic phenomenon. The need to fill the existing gap explains the need for this study.

Target dissertation research– study of the criminal subculture of youth and its influence on the criminalization of the youth environment in modern Russia.

To achieve this goal, the following will be required research objectives:

to give General characteristics criminal subculture as a social phenomenon;

to consider the existing concepts of youth criminal subculture;

to determine the main socio-economic and socio-cultural factors influencing the spread of the criminal subculture of youth in modern Russia;

to identify the relationship between the spread of criminal subculture and deviant behavior among the youth;

explore key features criminal subculture of youth in Russia;

to analyze the influence of the criminal subculture of youth on the formation of youth criminal groups and the involvement of young people in criminal activities.

Theoretical and methodological basis of this dissertation research is represented by the works of domestic and foreign philosophers, sociologists, criminologists, allowing to apply and synthesize existing scientific concepts for the analysis of the social phenomenon of youth criminal subculture.

Considering the socio-philosophical aspects of the criminal subculture of youth in modern world, the author relied on the works of J. Deleuze, F. Guattari, M. Maffesoli. When analyzing the psychological and social factors influencing the formation of the criminal subculture of young people, the works of D. Katz, V.F. Pirozhkova, S. Stevenson, M. Jankowski. When considering various aspects of the existence of the criminal subculture of youth in modern Russia, the studies of I.P. Bashkatov, S. Belanovsky, Ya.I. Gilinsky, D.V. Gromova, V.F. Pirozhkova and others.

The author studied the materials of sociological research, publications in the domestic and foreign press and speeches by political and public figures, employees of public authorities and the law enforcement system, dedicated to the problem of criminalization of the youth environment and youth criminal subculture.

An object research- criminal subculture of youth in modern Russia.

Subject research– formation and transformation of youth criminal subculture in modern Russian society.

Research hypothesis. The criminalization of the youth environment in modern Russia is one of the most serious problems that pose a threat to the social well-being of Russian society, its political and social stability. The most important factor Influencing the level of crime in society, its moral state, is the spread of criminal subculture (especially among young people). Youth and adolescents, due to age-related psychological characteristics, are most susceptible to the influence of the ideology, norms and values ​​of the underworld, which are popularized in society, including through the extensive production of cinema, music, the media, romanticizing and idealizing the underworld and the criminal image life.

The youth version of the criminal subculture has a number of distinguishing features separating it from the traditional subculture of the criminal world. Criminal and antisocial groups of youth arise in the process of criminalization of ordinary yard and street companies, introducing the ideology of the criminal world into them. Representing a kind of modern "tribes", youth groups secure certain territories of cities, districts, settlements, develop their own system of norms and rules of behavior, distinctive symbols. There is a tendency to increase the influence on the youth subcultural communities of the criminal world, which is manifested in the active integration of youth and adult criminal communities. The solution to the problem of youth crime also depends on counteracting the spread of criminal subculture in society, preventing its influence on the youth environment.

In the process of dissertation research, we obtained results containing the following elements scientific novelty:

general characteristics and features criminal subculture as a set of ideological and behavioral attitudes of the underworld and its external paraphernalia;

concepts are structured that consider the phenomenon of the criminal subculture of youth in the modern world as a product of a post-industrial society;

the main socio-economic and socio-cultural factors that have a direct impact on the spread of the criminal subculture in the youth segment of the modern Russian society are identified;

the interrelation of distribution in the youth environment of criminal subculture and deviant forms of behavior, first of all alcoholism, drug addiction, prostitution is revealed;

the distinctive features of the formation and structuring of youth communities oriented towards the criminal subculture and the ideology of the underworld;

the influence of the criminal subculture of youth on the formation of youth organized crime and its integration into the adult criminal world is revealed.

The novelty of the dissertation research lies in the following provisions for defense:

1. The criminal subculture is a complex of socio-cultural values ​​of the criminal world, which combines value and worldview attitudes, norms and rules of behavior of professional criminals and persons seeking to follow their example, as well as certain external attributes associated with a criminal lifestyle. The philosophy of permissiveness and superiority over other people becomes the cornerstone of the ideology of the criminal world and serves to justify criminal activity. The criminal subculture is characterized by a combination of collectivist values ​​- norms and rules developed to regulate life within a prison or a criminal community, and individualism, manifested in the desire for power, superiority over others, the cult of the "superman".

2. In modern society, the youth variant of the criminal subculture has become especially widespread, which is a combination of values ​​and some external attributes of the criminal subculture with the values ​​and symbols of the usual youth and teenage subculture. The criminalization of the youth environment is facilitated by the socio-cultural and socio-economic processes taking place in modern society, including social polarization, globalization, migration. Youth criminal communities become a kind of "modern barbarians", striving to win their place in society through violence. The values ​​and symbols of the criminal subculture serve as their main distinction and evidence of superiority over the rest of society.

3. The spread of criminal subculture in the youth environment of modern Russian society depends on the totality of socio-economic and socio-cultural factors that determined the high rates of criminalization in post-Soviet Russia during the post-reform decades. Marginalization of the general population due to economic crisis, the devaluation of the established system of values ​​and behavioral attitudes, the spread of primitive Western values ​​that cultivate power, strength, money and are similar in this to the ideology of the underworld, contributed to the rapid criminalization of society, and especially young people. An important role in the spread of the criminal subculture among younger generation Russians are played by the popularization and romanticization of criminality in cinema, literature, "thieves" music, which also creates a romantic halo around the underworld.

4. The criminal subculture in its youth version is closely connected with the wide spread of social deviations - alcoholism, drug addiction, prostitution, which affect young people and adolescents, turning them into a potential reserve of the underworld. There is a close relationship between deviant and criminal behavior, since the lines separating the deviant from the criminal are extremely illusory. Communities of drug addicts, sex workers and workers, homeless and homeless vagrants are highly criminalized and associated with the criminal environment. Their assimilation of the norms and values ​​of the criminal subculture is also facilitated by the fact that the very living conditions of these categories of the population are close to criminal ones and suggest an orientation towards the same values, a certain ideological similarity.

5. The process of forming a criminal subculture of young people takes place in places of deprivation of liberty, as well as in street youth groups under the influence of the norms and traditions of the criminal world. Age features young people, especially minors, contribute to the rapid assimilation of the value-worldview and behavioral attitudes of the criminal subculture. The criminal subculture of youth is characterized by absolutization and idealization of the assimilated criminal ideology, increased cruelty. In places of deprivation of liberty where juvenile convicts are kept, a more complex system of informal stratification operates, more stringent rules and norms prevail, cruel relations than in places of deprivation of liberty for adult offenders.

6. The influence of the criminal subculture on the youth environment, including youth subcultural communities that previously did not have a criminal orientation, contributes to their rapid criminalization, the involvement of young people and minors in criminal activities and the emergence of youth criminal groups. Being formed according to the territorial principle, youth criminal groups are gradually transforming into organized criminal communities, while the involvement of youth and minors in their criminal activities is considered by them as one of key areas activities, since this allows you to create a large and active strike force and form a personnel reserve to replenish the groupings.

Scientific-theoretical and practical significance research. The result of this dissertation work was the improvement of knowledge about the nature of the phenomenon of the criminal subculture of youth in modern Russian society; the main socio-economic and socio-cultural factors that influence the spread of criminal subculture in society and the criminalization of the youth environment are identified; the features of the formation of youth criminal groups, the value and worldview attitudes that dominate in them, the specifics of the stratification of the contingent of convicts in places of deprivation of liberty for minors, as well as on the scale of youth criminal and semi-criminal groups, are determined; revealed a close relationship between the spread of criminal subculture among the youth and the emergence of youth criminal gangs, eventually transforming into organized crime structures.

This work is not only of academic interest, but also has practical value, because it can be useful to employees law enforcement, educational and educational institutions, the penitentiary system, public authorities in their direct professional activities.

Research materials can be used in compiling training courses in social philosophy, sociology of youth, sociology of culture, cultural studies, criminology.

Approbation of work. The main provisions of the dissertation are set out in scientific articles and other publications of the author. The main results of the dissertation research were discussed at the Department of Philosophy and Sociology of the Krasnodar University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. Separate scientific results of the study are reflected in 6 scientific papers with a total volume of 6.4 pp., including in 2 publications recommended by the Higher Attestation Commission of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia, and in 1 scientific publication.

The structure and scope of the dissertation. The work consists of an introduction, three chapters with two paragraphs each, conclusion, list of references.

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