Small national parks and reserves in Africa. Lake Nyasa (located in Africa between Malawi, Mozambique and Tanzania): photo, origin, length

Lake Nyasa is one of the largest African lakes, in the Great Rift Valley of East Africa, 560 km long, up to 80 km wide and up to 704 m deep. Nyasa means "lake" in the Yao language.

Lake Nyasa is located between Tanzania, Malawi and Mozambique. The relief of the coastline varies from rocky cliffs to spacious beaches. The coastal plains are especially wide in the northwest, where the Songwe River flows into the lake, as well as in the southern part of the coast. The lake is fed by 14 year-round rivers, including the most important Ruhuhu, Songwe, North and South Rukuru, Dwangwa, Bua and Lilongwe. The only external drain of the lake is the Shire River. The water of the lake varies from warm to cool in places.

The lake is famous for its wide variety of fish species. In addition to fish, this lake is characterized a large number of crocodiles, as well as African whooper eagles that hunt fish.

Lake Nyasa is a natural landmark, noteworthy travelers' attention.

Lake Malawi

Lake Malawi is the second deepest lake in Africa. Lake Malawi is also known as the "Calendar Lake" for its length of 365 kilometers, as the number of days in a year.

A beautiful, landlocked freshwater lake that makes it unique and natural, with beautiful golden beaches in the country. Local fishermen suggest taking a trip around the lake to see a huge number of colorful fish. Also on the shore of the lake there is one interesting entertainment - feeding the eagle. It is necessary to say a word and toss the fish high so that the eagle can get a treat before the fish falls into the water. On the lake you can swim surrounded by colorful fish. For those who wish there is scuba diving.

Lake Amaramba

Lake Amaramba is a shallow lake, along the edge of which the state of Malawi is located. The lake is located on the Nyansa plateau and has a total area of 20,600 acres. It is also known to lovers of water sports as a place for "sailing safari".

The lake once had a rich wildlife, but during the period of poaching during civil war, a significant part was exterminated. The aqua fauna of the lake has also been affected by excessive emigration from the country of Malawi. After such a defeat, the World Wide Fund for Nature initiated various activities to restore nature. The five-year program provides for the creation of a lake reserve to conserve fish and waterbirds. Protect the surrounding forest area and thereby restore wild life on the coast of the lake.

Lake Malombe

Lake Malombe is located in southern Malawi, on the Shire River, in the Southern Region. The area of the lake is about 450 square kilometers.

The lake is fed by the Shire River and has a depth of 2-2.5 meters. Rice and corn (maize) are grown along the shores of the lake. Fishing is also very popular on the lake. You can go boating on the lake to appreciate the purity and beauty of the water, see the colorful fish and enjoy the fresh air. This is very big fish, which grows to a length of more than 20 cm. Here you can also fulfill your dream - scuba diving.

Continent Africa - 54 countries. On the continent (as of 2014) there are 335 protected areas - reserves, reserves, natural parks.

All of them, in addition to marine reserves, are included in the list of reserves and national parks in Africa. You can see this list as a whole and for each country separately. This list does not include private parks and private natural areas of the African continent.

TOP 10: the most famous oldest reserves and national parks in Africa

Garamba, Uganda
Area: 4,900 km 2 National Park and 7,527 km 2 Domaines de Chas - African Parks Project 2005. Managed by the African Parks Organization DRC in partnership with the Institute for the Conservation of Nature (ICCN)
Akajera, Rwanda
Area: 1122 km 2 - in Africa, the 2010 Parks project. Akagera is operated by a joint venture between African Parks and the Rwanda Development Board.
Bangweulu, Zambia
Area: 6,000 km2 - Africa 2008 Parks project
Bangweulu Wetlands is managed through a partnership between African Parks, the Wildlife Institute Authority (Zawa) and the six Chiefdoms of Zambia where these park areas are located.
Luwa National Park Zambia
Area: 3660 km 2 - project "Parks" 2003
Liuwa African Park is governed by the African Parks and Borotse Royal partnership - traditionally owned by the Lozi people.
Majet, Malawi Nature Reserve
Area: 700 km2 - Africa Parks Project 2003
Operated by Malawi National Parks Department and Wildlife Society (DNPW)
Odzala-Kokua, Congo
Area: 13,500 km2 - African Park Project 2010
The Odzala-Kokoua National Park is managed by the African Parks Foundation and the Congolese government.
Serengeti, Tanzania
The Endless Plains - 14,750 km 2 of the Eastern Mara of northwestern Tanzania - borders on the north with the Kenyan border, is continuous with the Masai National Reserve. The Serengeti lies to the southeast of Ngorongoro Park, to the west the Ikorongo and Grumeti Game Reserves - together, these areas form a large single ecosystem.
Zakuma, Chad
Area: 3054 km 2 - in Africa the Parks project since 2010
Zakuma is carried out in partnership between African Parks and the Government of Chad
Bwindi, Uganda
impenetrable forest
Kruger National Park, South Africa.
One of the most famous parks on the African continent is a nature reserve and a national park at the same time.

Welcome to the world of nature reserves and national parks in Africa!

1. Garamba in Africa is one of the last true corners of the wild. An impressive savannah with a vast section of forest, with exceptionally high biodiversity. The open hilly grasslands are the stage for spectacular encounters with large herds of elephants, buffaloes, the Ugandan Kob antelope (the symbol of the country), and the less common species of giraffe and horse antelope.

2. Akagera
Akagera National Park is located in the northeast of Rwanda along the border with Tanzania. It is named after the Akagera River, which flows along the eastern border and feeds a labyrinth of lakes, of which Lake Ihema is the largest. Acacia groves, wetland brachystegia, combined with scattered meadows and fringed lakes along the meandering Akagera, united by watercourses, create a park of breathtaking beauty.

3. Bangweulu
In the upper reaches of the Congo Basin in northeastern Zambia, one of the largest wetland systems in Africa, Bangweulu, adjoins. Bangweulu is a local word meaning "where the water meets the sky" - seasonally flooded areas of untouched wilderness. The broad system of Bangweulu includes lakes, floodplains, swamps, termitaria forests, vast areas of virgin miombo, pastures. The Chambeshi and Luapula rivers are the main southern tributaries of the Congo River in this area. Bangweulu is home to a significant number of endemic plants and animals. For example, black lychee. The current estimate is over 75,000 animals. This is home to the Shoebill bird, one of Africa's enigmatic ornithological assets.

4. Liuva
Liuwa Plain is located on the upper floodplains of the Zambezi River in western Zambia and is bounded by the Luambimba and Luanginga rivers. Liuva is a seasonally flooded grassy plain dotted with forest islands. Since 1972, Liuwa has had the status of a national park - the oldest preserved park in the history of Africa. Originally proclaimed king of Barotseland in the early 1880s, historically used as a royal hunting ground and protected by the Lozi people. Liuwa is home to the second largest wildebeest in Africa and is home to a thousand remarkable animals. Herds of zebras, tsessebe lyrohorned harlequins graze, on the plains they are pursued by predators - wild dogs, hyenas, cheetahs, lions. Liuwa supports bird populations globally with over 330 species.

5. Rubs
The Majete Reserve - the Majete Reserve was proclaimed in 1955, is located in the Lower Shire Valley, in the Great Rift Valley of Africa, with an area of 700 km². The vegetation is varied, ranging from the moist miombo forests in the western hills to the dry savannah in the east with prominent thickets along the rivers. Malawi launches wildlife reintroduction program

6. Odzala
The second largest rainforest in the world, second only to the Amazon (Amazon forests), Odzala-Kokoua is a vast protected forest. They are located in the northwestern part of the Republic of the Congo. This is 13,546 km2 of untouched wilderness - an incredible biodiversity of an extraordinary complex ecosystem.

7. Serengeti
Serengeti National Park, Tanzania - famous for the annual migration of zebras, wildebeests, gazelles and predators - considered one of the most undisturbed ecological zones peace. The neighboring Masai Mara Reserve is located in one of the districts of Kenya. In general, the reserve is a continuation of the Sarengeti National Park. It is famous for the lions that live here in large numbers.

8. Zakuma
Zakouma is located in Salamat in southeastern Chad, west of the town of Am Timan, about 800 km by road southeast of N'Djamena. It is described as one of the last strongholds of wilderness for Central Africa and is considered a major success in wildlife conservation.

9. Bwindi
Bwindi National Park is located in the jungle - you can only travel on foot. This park is located in the Albertine Valley - here the largest number variety of trees in Africa. Bwindi Park is home to exotic, stunningly beautiful butterflies.

10. Kruger Park
The oldest national park in South Africa, national park Kruger - South Africa's flagship park - a huge number of wildlife for the size of a small country. The Kruger National Park has the largest number of mammals. The park is divided into 17 ecological zones, where larger animals live than in any other biome in the world - elephant, white rhino, buffalo. During the rainy season, a great population of birds. Big cats: leopard, cheetah, lion - the subject of interest of the tourist Safari.

The nature of the African continent with an amazing variety of animal species and large sizes their populations.

Where else can you watch prides of lions, peacefully grazing elephants, swift cheetahs or grandiose herds of zebras and antelopes crossing the area in search of water and food, if not in the reserves and national parks of Africa.

Protected areas of Africa on the map

The most visited national parks and reserves of the continent are located in the zone African savannah, which is distinguished not only by the diversity of flora and fauna, but also by the ease of observing animals.

In the expanses of the savannah, any animals are visible from afar, which distinguishes this space from the African jungle.

The African savannah is extraordinary picturesque terrain and the beauty of the landscape: it is here that the African Great Lakes and mountain systems, in particular, the majestic one, are located. To see all this splendor, you can visit one of the national parks or reserves located on this amazing continent.

Location

The vast majority of national parks and reserves in Africa are located south of the equator in the African savannah - an ecosystem characterized by amazing diversity and large populations of wild animals.

A significant part of the national parks falls on the East African countries: Kenya, Tanzania and Botswana, in which the savanna area is the largest. Other countries with notable parks and reserves include border countries:

Uganda;
Malawi;
Congo;
Rwanda;
Namibia;
Mozambique;
Zimbabwe;
South Africa.

How to get there?

There are different ways to get to African reserves, as some of them, such as Nairobi Park, are in close proximity to major cities, others may be located in hard-to-reach areas.

On the territory of some national parks, operating airports, so you can fly to them from capitals or large cities using local airlines.

But in order to visit most of the parks, you will have to rent a car and drive tens or even hundreds of kilometers along African roads. In order to make it easier for you to visit the reserves of Africa, you can use the services of travel companies that will provide transportation to the park or even accommodation in local hotels located right on the territory of the reserves.

List of national parks of Kenya

On the territory of this East African state there are about 60 different national parks and reserves, most of which are dedicated to the flora and fauna of the African savannah.

Tsavo

Tsavo Park is divided into 2 major parts: East Tsavo and West Tsavo. The total area of the two parts is about 20 thousand km², this is the largest park in Kenya. The park was founded in 1948, and a railway was laid through its territory, connecting the capital of Kenya, Nairobi, with the eastern part of the country.

One of the features of Tsavo is the opportunity to observe the night watering places of animals: elephants and other wild animals come to the ponds located right at the walls of the hotel at night.

Another highlight of the park is located on its territory. black rhino sanctuary, in which 50 individuals of this rare species of animals live.

The fauna of Tsavo is typical for African savannas, many species of animals live here, including the so-called "African Big Five", which consists of the most valuable African safari trophies:

lion;
rhino;
buffalo;
elephant;
Leopard.

Aberdare

Aberdare Park (Aberdare, Aberdare) is located in central Kenya, 150 kilometers from Nairobi in the Aberdare mountain range. The park was organized in 1950, its area is about 750 km².

The majestic Victoria Falls is located in Africa. Read on, where else you can see the largest streams of water rushing down.

Aberdare features landscape diversity- from high peaks to deep valleys, climate humidity and, as a result, rather dense vegetation, including bamboo thickets. The park is home to elephants, lions, leopards, as well as other animal species and a huge variety of bird species.

Most of the tourists come to the park for night safari during which you can watch the animals directly from the windows of the hotel.

Amboseli

Amboseli National Park is located on southeast of the country 250 kilometers from Nairobi. Amboseli is considered the most visited park in Kenya, main reason this is that the top of Kilimanjaro is visible from its territory.

Amboseli was singled out as reservation territory for the Maasai tribe at the beginning of the 20th century, but in 1974, in order to preserve the unique ecosystem, it was transformed into a national park. Amboseli is considered the best place to observe wildlife, especially elephants, due to sparse vegetation due to long periods of drought.

The highlight of Amboseli National Park is the opportunity to get up close to grazing elephants.

Nairobi

Nairobi park - the first from those that appeared in Kenya. This reserve is interesting because it is located on the territory of the capital of the country, the city of Nairobi, its discovery took place in 1946. The size of the park's fauna increases significantly during the dry season (mid-March), when water resources dry up in the surrounding area.

Nairobi park is home to typical savanna animals: lions, antelopes, cheetahs, leopards and others. Nairobi Park is considered the best place in Africa to watch black rhinos.

In the park is Burnt Ivory Monument, located at the site of the destruction of this valuable material taken by poachers.

Masai Mara

The Masai Mara National Park is located in the southwest of Kenya and is part of the Serengeti region - oldest ecoregion continent.

The area of the reserve is 1500 km², species of animals typical of the African savannah live in the park. The most famous and observed species of the Masai Mara are lions, cheetahs and wildebeest, which number in the millions.

Antelope migration during the dry season is the main highlight of the park - the huge wildebeest herds that cover the savannah impress any tourist. The reserve is also considered major center research and conservation of black rhinos, hippos and spotted hyenas.

The largest natural areas of Tanzania

National parks Tanzania is considered one of the the best places for ecological tourism worldwide. It is on the territory of this country that most of the Serengeti region is located - a unique and oldest ecosystem in the world.

Selous

Selous - the biggest natural Park in Africa and one of the largest nature reserves in the world. Its area is 55 thousand km², which is 5% of the territory of Tanzania. Selous was founded in 1905 as a hunting reserve and was later named after the famous British hunter and naturalist Frederick Selous. The fauna of Selous is represented by animal species typical of the savannah:

elephants;
lions;
Leopards;
Antelopes;
hippos and other animals.

Serengeti

The Serengeti National Park is located in the north of the country and is part of the Serengeti region - one of the oldest ecosystems in the world.

The Serengeti reserve was formed at the beginning of the 20th century, and in 1951 its territory was expanded and it was transformed into a national park.

In total, there are more than 3 million individuals large animals, including 3 thousand lions. Serengeti is considered the best place to watch lions and cheetahs. The park is famous for its migrations, when during the period of drought almost 1 million antelopes and about 200 thousand zebras cross its territory in search of water.

Ngorongoro

Ngorongoro Park was created in 1959 when the area around the Ngorongoro Crater was carved out of the Serengeti and made into a separate biosphere reserve . The area of the park is 9,000 km², of which 265 km² is occupied by the grandiose Ngorongoro Crater.

The inhabitants of the territory of the crater are 25 thousand animals, and here there is the highest density of predators throughout the continent (primarily lions and leopards). The big problem of the park is the locals: there are more than 60,000 shepherds and 350,000 domestic animals, which threatens the richness and diversity of the local fauna.

kilimanjaro

Kilimanjaro National Park is located in northern Tanzania. He got his name from the famous highest peak in Africa - Mount Kilimanjaro. A feature of this national park is that its entire territory is located at an altitude of more than 2700 meters.

Despite the small size of the park (just over 1500 km²), the flora here extraordinarily rich: there are many lions, elephants, black rhinos and other animal species. The park is divided into 7 zones, the most interesting for tourists are the zone of wild nature and zones of hiking trails of varying intensity. Every year more than 10,000 tourists climb Mount Kilimanjaro here.

Rungwa

Rungwa National Park (Ruaha) is located in the central part of Tanzania, its area is more than 10 thousand km². The park is located on the banks the Ruaha river, because of which he received his second name.

The Rungwa fauna is typical of the African savannah and is rich and varied. Also growing in the park over 1600 species plants and trees, a significant part of which is endemic and grows only here.

A feature of Rungwa is the possibility of a walking safari accompanied by a guide, which is not often found in African reserves.

What nature reserves are there in Botswana?

Together with Kenya and Tanzania, Botswana is one of the countries best suited for eco-tourism on the African continent.

Chobe

Chobe National Park is the oldest reserve Botswana, located in the north-west of the country in the border areas with Namibia. Chobe area - more than 10 thousand km². The protected area was organized here in the early 1930s, and the status of the park was received in 1967.

The reserve has one of the largest populations in the world. African elephant- in total, more than 50 thousand individuals of this animal live here.

Central Kalahari

Central Kalahari - huge (53 thousand km²) hunting reserve in the central part of the country, located on the border with the Kalahari Desert. A significant part of the reserve is covered with sand dunes; rare shrubs and grass grow in the rest of the territory.

Do you know that with debts they may not be allowed to cross the border of any country? If this is the first time you hear about this, then you.

The fauna of the Central Kalahari is typical of the African savannas: lions, giraffes, leopards, antelopes and other animals. One of the oldest rivers in the world flows on the territory of the park - a drying River "Valley of Deception", the formation of which began more than 16 thousand years ago. The river got its name because of the mirages that appear on its banks.

Nature of other countries of the African continent

Except listed countries, amazing reserves can be found in almost any African country located in subequatorial belt south of the equator.

Nyasa

Nyasa is located in the north of Mozambique on the border with Tanzania and has the status of a hunting reserve. As in other African reserves, the fauna of Nyasa is distinguished by its extraordinary diversity- lives here:

Over 16 thousand elephants;
800 lions;
Many kinds antelope;
Leopards;
hippos;
Zebras;
buffaloes and other kinds of animals.

Causes great damage to the reserve poaching local residents, because more than 35 thousand people still live on its territory.

Climate change, time difference and other changes in the habitual way of life in a foreign country can cause acclimatization. To be fully equipped, read.

Nechisar

The Nechisar Reserve is located in southwestern Ethiopia and covers an area of 500 km². The reserve is located near two large lakes: blue lake Chamo and brown abaya.

First of all, Nechisar is famous for its crocodiles, whose local individuals reach a length of 6 meters and are considered the largest in Africa. These reptiles live on the coast of Lake Chamo. Other representatives of the local fauna include typical African species animals and birds: hippos, hyenas, zebras, gazelles, jackals, pelicans and flamingos.

Volcanic National a park

national park Birunga volcanoes in Rwanda is located in the heart of Africa at an altitude of 2 to 4.6 kilometers above sea level. There are 6 extinct volcanoes on the territory of the park, because of which it got its name.

The territory of the reserve is overgrown tropical forest , in which many different species of primates stand out.

The pride of the park are mountain gorillas, of which there are 7 large families.

Bwindi Impenetrable Forest

Bwindi Impenetrable (Impenetrable) Forest Park is located in the southwestern part of Uganda. Its area is about 300 km². Despite the small size of the park, its fauna is unusually rich, with more than 120 animal species and about 350 bird species.

More than 300 mountain gorillas live in the Bwindi forest - half of the world's population of this animal species.

Kruger

Kruger National Park in South Africa is the oldest nature reserve in this country, located in Transvaal province between the Crocodile River and the Limpopo River, famous in Russian children's literature.

Its area is more than 300 km². The reserve received its name in honor of former president Republic of the Transvaal Paul Kruger, who at the end of the 19th century proposed to organize a nature protection zone in this area.

It is believed that in the Kruger Park there is highest density of animals in the world: there are more than 12 thousand elephants, 5 thousand rhinos, 1500 lions, 1 thousand leopards, 17 species of antelopes and many other animal species.

Etosha

Etosha National Park is located in northern Namibia on the edge Kalahari Desert in close proximity to the Etosha Salt Flats. Despite the harshness of the terrain and the poverty of saline soil, many different animals live in the park, fighting for survival on the edge of two ecosystems: the savannah and the Kalahari desert.

Going on vacation and your suitcases are already full? Read about the dimensions and weight hand luggage it is permissible to carry it into the cabin of the aircraft, you may be able to take everything away.

You can see the locals at watering hole: more than 100 species of mammals and 350 species of birds gather daily on the shores of perennial lakes.

When it comes to Africa, the first thing that comes to mind is wild animals. Africa is home to many populations of wildlife and has a greater diversity of fauna than any other continent on our planet, due to its vast landscapes with different climates, ranging from subarctic to tropical. Africa has a range of habitats ranging from tropical rainforests to savannah plains to the arid Sahara Desert, which provide habitat for a wide variety of wildlife. Africa, widely regarded as the place where human life originated, is home to many of the world's amazing animals, as well as those that are endangered.

The African continent has the highest concentration of national parks. There are more of them in Africa than anywhere else in the world. As of 2014, there are 335 national parks that protect over 1,100 mammal species, 100,000 insect species, 2,600 bird species and 3,000 fish species. In addition, there are hundreds of game reserves in Africa, forest reserves, marine reserves, national reserves and natural parks.

Serengeti National Park

Zebra migration in the Serengeti National Park.
The Serengeti National Park in Tanzania is one of the oldest and most famous reserves wildlife in Africa. The park is famous for the annual migration of millions of wildebeest plus hundreds of thousands of gazelles and zebras followed by raptors, one of the most impressive natural spectacles in the world. The Great Migration, which is an annual 1,000-kilometer circular trek, takes place in a unique scenic area, in vast treeless expanses of impressively flat grassy pastures dotted with rock outcroppings interspersed with rivers and forests. The park also hosts some of the most impressive and diverse biological relationships large predators and their victims in the world.

Serengeti National Park is located on an area of 12,950 square kilometers and is considered one of the least affected natural ecosystems in the world.

Masai Mara National Reserve

The Masai Mara National Reserve is located in Narok County, Kenya and is the northern extension of the Serengeti National Park. It is named after the Maasai people who live in the region. The reserve is known for its exceptional population of lions, leopards, and cheetahs, as well as the annual migration of zebras, Thomson's gazelles, and wildebeests into and out of the Serengeti that occurs each year from July to October, and is known as the Great Migration.

The Masai Mara National Wildlife Refuge is relatively small, yet it is home to an astounding concentration of wildlife. The park is home to about 95 species of mammals, amphibians and reptiles and more than 400 species of birds. The Big Five (buffalo, elephant, leopard, lion, and rhinoceros) can be found throughout the park, as can leopards, cheetahs, hyenas, giraffes, antelopes, wildebeest, swamps, baboons, warthogs, zebras, hippos, and crocodiles in the Mara River ( Mara River).

An aerial view of a herd of wildebeest following several leading zebras in the Masai Mara.

Bwindi Impenetrable National Park

Bwindi Impenetrable Forest National Park is located in southwestern Uganda in East Africa. The park covers 331 square kilometers of jungle forest and, as the name suggests, can only be reached on foot. The park is located on the eastern edge of the Albertine Rift Valley, and has a rich ecosystem with perhaps the largest number of tree species for its height in all of East Africa. Diverse fauna can also be seen here, including a number of endemic butterflies and one of the richest concentrations of mammals in Africa. The Bwindi Impenetrable Forest National Park is home to almost half of the world's mountain gorilla population, of which, unfortunately, only 340 individuals remain.

Mountain gorilla in Bwindi Impenetrable Forest National Park.

Amboseli National Park

Amboseli National Park is one of the most popular parks in Kenya. It is located in the southern part of the country on the border with Tanzania and offers one of the most classic and breathtaking views of Mount Kilimanjaro with its 5985-meter peak rising above the plains. Amboseli National Park attracts visitors mainly for its huge herds of elephants, but the park is also a habitat for many predators such as the lion, cheetah and leopard.

An elephant crosses a dirt road in Amboseli National Park. Mount Kilimanjaro is visible in the background.

Kruger National Park

The Kruger National Park is one of the largest game reserves in Africa and one of the most extensive national parks in the world, covering an area of 19,485 square kilometers. It is also the first national park in South Africa, which was opened in 1926, although the area of the park has been protected by the state since 1898. Lives in the Kruger National Park more species larger mammals than in any other African game reserve, including the "big five" - lions, leopards, elephants, rhinos, and buffaloes.

Chobe National Park

Chobe National Park is located in the northwestern part of Botswana close to the borders with Zambia, Zimbabwe and Namibia and is famous for its amazing population of elephants. It is estimated to be home to around 50,000 elephants, perhaps the highest concentration of elephants in Africa and part of the largest continuously surviving population of elephants. Best time to visit Chobe, this is during the dry season from April to October, when the plains dry up and the animals gather near the banks of the river, making them easier to spot.

Baby elephant in the Serondela zone, on the banks of the Chobe River, in the Chobe National Park.

Etosha National Park

Etosha National Park is located in northwestern Namibia. It covers an area of 22,270 square kilometers and takes its name from the large, silvery, white Etosha Salt Plateau, which covers almost a quarter of the Etosha National Park. The park is home to hundreds of species of mammals, birds and reptiles, including several rare and endangered species such as black rhinos.

The Etosha Salt Plateau covers an area of 4,800 square kilometers and was formed 16,000 years ago.

Central Kalahari Game Reserve

The Central Kalahari National Game Reserve, located in Botswana's Kalahari Desert, covers an area of 52,800 square kilometers, about twice the size of Massachusetts, making it the second largest game reserve in the world. This hunting reserve is characterized by vast open plains, salt flats and ancient riverbeds. The territory of the reserve is mostly flat, with small hills covered with shrubs and grass, which also grow on sand dunes, and in areas with large trees. The reserve is home to such wild animals as giraffes, brown hyena, warthog, cheetah, wild dogs, leopard, lion, blue wildebeest, eland, oryx, markhorn antelope and red hartebeest.

The Bushmen have inhabited the Kalahari for thousands of years and their people date back to the Stone Age period. These Bushmen still live here, and roam the territories as nomadic hunters.

Bushmen of the Kalahari.

Nechisar National Park

Nechisar National Park is a small park, located on an area of 514 square kilometers, in an excellent picturesque part of the rift valley between two lakes. To the east, the park is bordered by the Amaro foothills, which rise to about 2,000 meters, to the north of it are the ever red waters of Lake Abaya, which covers an area of 1,070 square kilometers. To the south is Lake Chamo, a small lake with clear waters covering an area of 350 kilometers. To the east is the city of Arba Minch, which is the main city of the Northern Omo zone. The central plains located between the lake and the foothills of Amaro (Amaro) from afar appear white, which was the source of the name Nechisar or "white grass".

Nechisar National Park is considered important environment habitat for bird populations, especially those that migrate. There are significant populations of kingfishers, storks, pelicans, flamingos and screaming eagles.

Ngorongoro Conservation Area

The Ngorongoro Game Reserve is located in northwestern Tanzania. At its very center is the impressive Ngorongoro Crater, an old volcano that collapsed to form the crater. The steep slopes of the crater have become a natural reserve for a wide variety of wild animals that live here. Beyond the edge of the crater, the Maasai people graze their cattle on the plains, seemingly oblivious to the herds of wild animals that share this vast landscape with them. This area is also of great importance in tracing human origins, as some of the earliest human remains have been found here, including human footprints, which are 3.5 million years old.

View of Ngorongoro from inside the crater.

Lake inside the Ngorongoro Crater.

Maltsev Igor

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Africa is a continent with a great variety of flora and fauna, much more than any other continent on our planet. Due to the wide variety of climatic zones, from subarctic to tropical, Africa has many habitats: humid rainforests, savannas, plains and arid desert Sahara. The reserves of Africa originate from the first state structure for the protection of the forest, which was created in Tunisia in 1884, and almost 40 years later the first Taza National Park was established in the country. Right now in North Africa there are national parks created to protect certain species of animals. The African continent has 335 national parks that protect over 1,100 mammal species, 100,000 insect species, 2,600 bird species and 3,000 fish species.

Continent: Africa Location: Algiers The Taza National Park is one of the smallest protected areas in Algeria. The central natural formation in the park is Mountain chain Petite Kabylie. The park also covers 10,500 hectares of Guerrouch forest and 9 km of the Mediterranean coast. The climate in Taza Park is humid Mediterranean, from 1000 to 1400 mm of precipitation falls here annually, and the average annual temperature is 18 ° C, temperatures below freezing are almost never here. Taza national park

The flora is quite diverse, but the most common species in the park are the canary tree Quercus, B. afares and Q. saber, sticky alder, Prunus avium, Salix pedicellata, Fraxinus angustifolia and Acer monspessulanum. In general, local forests have a varied composition and range from 350 m to 1121 m above sea level. The fauna of the park is able to surprise, it contains such unique mammals as magots, recognized as endangered species. In addition to primates, the following animals live in Taza Park: cheetah, maned ram, gundi, caracal, horse and saber-horned antelope, rocky hyrax, dune cat and other mammals. Hyraxes or zhiryaks are not the most typical mammal for Africa, however, they are found in large numbers in the Taza National Park. By itself, the hyrax is a small, stocky, herbivore animal. In Africa, there is a yellow-spotted or mountain hyrax, he is Bruce's Daman. Has the following appearance. The body is elongated by 32.5-56 cm, the weight is approximately 1.3-4.5 kg, and the females are somewhat larger than the males. The mountain hyrax is quite densely built, has a narrower muzzle than other hyraxes, for example, Cape. Outwardly, Bruce's daman looks like guinea pig or groundhog. The hairline is dense and coarse, up to 30 mm long, with black tips. The color of the fur is gray or brownish-red, the belly is always different in color - either white or cream. The spinal gland (up to 1.5 cm long) is yellow. Vibrissae up to 90 mm long grow on the face of the hyrax. Mountain hyraxes prefer to settle on rocky hills, screes and mountain slopes. In the mountains they can be found up to an altitude of 3,800 m above sea level. Mountain hyraxes live in colonies of up to 34 individuals, the basis of this life is a harem, i.e. The group includes one adult male, up to 17 adult females and young. Hyraxes are active during the day or on bright moonlit nights. If the daman senses danger, it emits piercing cries, thereby giving the rest a signal to hide. The damans are capable of speeds up to 5 m/s; jump well.

Tsavo National Park Location: Coastal Province, Kenya (between Nairobi and Mombasa) Total area: 22 thousand square meters. km. Year of foundation: 1944 Tsavo National Park is one of the largest national parks in the world. The park is divided into two zones - East Tsavo and West Tsavo. The landscape of East Tsavo is represented by a grassy savanna with thickets of thorny bushes, as well as a swampy area near the Voi River. Animal world The reserve is very diverse. Here live: lions, leopards, cheetahs, zebras, giraffes, servals, spotted hyenas, ostriches, gazelles, buffaloes, various types of antelopes. Also, more than 500 species of birds nest in the park, including migratory birds that settle here from late October to January. Sedentary species also live here: palm vulture, many types of weavers. So, the largest population of the African elephant lives here, which has up to seven thousand individuals. These animals like to douse themselves with red clay, which is why they are often called "red elephants"

Eastern Tsavo The territory of Eastern Tsavo, in fact, is an arid savannah, which is strewn with thickets of shrubs and many swamps. Here is the largest plateau on the planet - the Yatta Plateau, formed from cooled lava. During a drought, the Aruba dam, where animals come to drink, almost completely dries up. In this case, the animals go to the Ati River, which during high water (May, June, November) appears in all its splendor and ends with the seething Lugard waterfall. The reservoirs are home to a huge number of Nile crocodiles that prey on inattentive mammals trying to quench their thirst. In East Tsavo you can see elephants, ostriches, hippos, cheetahs, lions, giraffes, herds of zebras and antelopes. Near the waterfall is a reserve of black rhinos. All conditions have been created here to increase the population of these animals, since due to poachers their number has decreased to fifty individuals. In this part of the park there is a nesting place for many migratory birds arriving here at the end of October from Europe. Water cutters, palm vultures, weavers and other birds live here.

What is West Tsavo? The territory of Western Tsavo, compared to Eastern, is much smaller. The area of this part of the national park is seven thousand square kilometers. However, there is a rather diverse flora and fauna, about 70 species of mammals live in these parts. The landscape of Western Tsavo is more rocky and there are also more varieties of vegetation than in the eastern part. Chulu is also located here - these are young mountains that were formed from compressed ash as a result of a volcanic eruption. They rise at a height of two thousand meters and absorb moisture, and then, feeding underground sources, return it to the earth. According to researchers, the age of the youngest mountain is about five hundred years. This part of Tsavo Park is also famous for the underground springs of Mzima Springs, which translates as “alive”. With the help of groundwater coming to the surface, many reservoirs have formed in the reserve, which provide mammals with vital moisture. Bathing hippos can often be found here, and white and black rhinos wander into the green thickets surrounding the lake. The latter can only be seen at night, during their activity, as these animals wait out the heat of the day in the shade of trees.

Serengeti and Ngorongoro National Parks Southeast of Kilimanjaro in Tanzania is another of Africa's famous national reserves, the Serengeti. By the way, Tanzania is the country where Africa has the most nature reserves. The area of the Serengeti is more than 15 thousand square meters. km, it is the largest in the country. The ecosystem of this reserve is the least affected by human activities. The huge plateau on which the park is located is home to many varieties of animals and birds. It is very interesting to watch them, for example, during a safari. Particularly impressive are the spectacles of animal migration during periods of drought, when endless living strings move, passing a total of thousands of kilometers.

The central attraction of the Ngorongoro Reserve in Tanzania, formerly part of the Serengeti Park, is considered to be an extinct ruined crater of an ancient volcano. Its dimensions are amazing: diameter - more than 20 km; depth - 610 m; total area - 270 sq. km. It is interesting that a unique biosystem has formed in the crater - many species of animals living here have never been outside of it. Total population animals inhabiting the crater exceeds 25 thousand. Inside the crater is an unusual Lake Magadi - salty, formed by hot springs. The lake is home to several interesting bird species, including flamingos, herons, and pelicans. On the slope near the crater is the grave of German zoologists Bernhard and Mikael Grzimek, who made a huge contribution to the study, preservation and popularization of the Serengeti and Ngorongoro parks.

Masai Mara National Reserve The Masai Mara is a nature reserve in southwestern Kenya. It is the northern extension of the Serengeti National Park. The reserve is named after the Masai tribe - the traditional population of the region and the Mara River, which separates it. The Masai Mara is famous for the large number of animals that live in it, as well as the annual wildebeest migration, which takes place in September and October. The area is 1510 km 2. Located in the East African Rift System, stretching from the Red Sea to South Africa. The landscape of the Masai Mara is a grassy savanna with acacia groves in the southeast. The western border of the reserve is formed by one of the slopes of the rift valley, and it is here that most of the animals live, since the swampy terrain guarantees access to water. The eastern border is located 220 km from Nairobi, which is the most visited by tourists.

Masai Mara is best known for its lions, which live here in large numbers. The most famous pride of lions, which is called the swamp pride, lives here. Observation of him, according to unofficial data, has been conducted since the late 1980s. In the early 2000s, a record was registered for the number of individuals in one pride - 29 lions. The reserve is home to endangered cheetahs, mainly due to the annoyance factor from tourists interfering with their daytime hunting. . The Masai Mara has the largest population of leopards in the world. All other animals of the "Big Five" also live in the reserve. The black rhino population is critically endangered, with only 37 individuals recorded in 2000. hippos large groups live in the rivers Mara and Talek. Wildebeest constitute the largest population among the animals of the reserve. Every year, around July, these animals migrate in huge herds north from the Serengeti plains in search of fresh grass, and in October they return back to the south. Other antelopes also live in the Masai Mara: Thomson's gazelle, Grant's gazelle, impala, topi, etc. Zebras and giraffes also live. Masai Mara is a major research center spotted hyena. More than 450 species of birds have been recorded in the reserve.

Kruger National Park Kruger National Park is one of the largest game reserves in Africa and one of the largest national parks in the world. Its area is 19,485 square kilometers. It is also the first national park in South Africa, which was opened in 1926, although the territory of the park has been protected by the state since 1898. The park is located in the east of the former Transvaal province between the Limpopo and Crocodile rivers (now the park is part of the provinces of Mpumalanga and Limpopo). In the east, the park borders on Mozambique. The total length of the park from north to south is 340 km. The three main parts of the park (northern, central and southern) are formed by the Ulifants and Sabie rivers. The climate in the park is subtropical, the rainy season is usually from October to March (inclusive)

On the territory of the Kruger Park, the vegetation of the park savannah is characterized by light forests, dry deciduous forests, and cereals. Part of the park located north of the river Ulifants, is a veld mopane, while southern part is a tornveld. 17 out of 47 tree species protected by the state grow in the park. Elephants, hippos, giraffes, rhinos, lions, leopards, Nile crocodiles, 17 species of antelopes. According to the park management, about 1,500 lions, 12,000 elephants, 2,500 buffaloes, 1,000 leopards and 5,000 rhinos (both white and black) live on its territory.

Mammals of Nyala Park African elephants Leopard Warthog White Rhino African Buffalo

Birds of the park More than 400 species of birds live in the park. Silver Eagle Brown-headed Kingfisher Toko Tockus leucomelas Buffoon Eagle Guinea Fowl Roller Roller

From snow-covered heights to the scorched land of the Bushveld, from subtropical beaches to the Kalahari Desert... South Africa is a territory where the incongruous combines in an unimaginable way. The best landscapes and the most fascinating places are concentrated in the country's parks and reserves. It is here that it is best to get acquainted with wildlife, enjoying its pristine purity and pristine.

http://www.krasnayakniga.ru/taza-nacionalnyy-park https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0% 91%D1%80%D1%8E%D1%81%D0%B0#/media/File:Ein_klippschliefer.jpg http://goodnewsanimal.ru/news/afrikanskij_gryzun_gundi/2013-05-08-3241 https://ru .wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB http://womanadvice.ru/nacionalnyy-park-cavo http: //phototravelguide.ru/nacionalnye-parki-zapovedniki/masai-mara-keniya/ http://phototravelguide.ru/nacionalnye-parki-zapovedniki/ngorongoro/