The work can be used for lessons and reports on the subject of "geography". Altai Mountains

total area protected area is 16178 sq. km. It includes, in particular, such significant geographical objects as Mount Belukha and Lake Teletskoye. Within the buffer zone there are some places of discovery of Pazyryk burial grounds. The choice of these territories is due to the fact that they, in their totality, most fully represent the alternation of zones of alpine vegetation in Siberia: steppe, forest-steppe, mixed forests, subalpine and alpine belts. In addition, the significance of these areas for the conservation of populations of such rare animals as the snow leopard, Siberian Mountain goat and Altai argali. The World Conservation Union expresses concern that, despite the inclusion of these areas in the World Heritage List, which should guarantee them a special protected status, poaching continues to flourish here. Ecologists are also concerned about the construction of a gas pipeline and a high-speed highway from Kosh-Agach through Ukok to China.

The height of the Altai mountains ranges from 1500 to 1750 meters. The region of the Altai mountains is simply dotted with large and small lakes. Lakes are located both at the foot of the mountains and at a height. For example, Lake Uvs Nuur is located at a distance of 720 meters above sea level. In the northwest of the Altai Mountains, the elevations are steep and high. Here is the highest mountain in Russia - the two-pointed Belukha. One peak of Mount Belukha is located at an altitude of 4506 meters, and the other at an altitude of 4440 meters.

The Katun River In the southwest of the Altai Mountains lies the valley of the Katun River. Katun, bending widely, descends from the Altai Mountains and flows into the Biya River. Here is one of the most beautiful places in Altai. Not far from the Katun there is Lake Kolyvan. The lake is surrounded by walls of rocks and mountains, covered with legends and is known for its inhabitants - masters of stone-cutting.

And in the northeast of Altai, there is a huge Teletskoye Lake, which is under the protection of UNESCO. Along the eastern shore of the lake there is a nature reserve, rich nature which amazes even the seasoned tourist. There is rare species animals - Snow Leopard, or, for example, Altai argali.

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Mountains of Southern Siberia

Altai mountains Altai Mountains - represent a complex system of the highest ranges in Siberia, separated by deep river valleys and vast intra-mountain and intermountain basins.

Altitudinal zonality scheme

Location Altai is a mountain system in Asia, in the south of Siberia and in Central Asia, on the territory of Russia, Mongolia, Kazakhstan and China. Elongated in latitude from 81 to 106 east longitude, in longitude from 42 to 52 northern latitude. It extends from the northwest to the southeast for more than 2000 km. It consists of high and mid-mountain ranges and intermountain basins separating them. Gobi Altai, Mongolian Altai and Russian Altai are distinguished orographically. Location.

• The mountain system is located where the borders of Russia, Mongolia, China and Kazakhstan converge. It is divided into Southern Altai (Southwestern), Southeastern Altai and Eastern Altai, Central Altai, Northern and Northeastern Altai, Northwestern Altai.

• The origin of the name "Altai" is associated with the Turkic-Mongolian word "altyn", meaning "gold", "golden".

• IN THE NORTH AND NORTH-WEST IT BOUNDERS WITH THE WESTERN SIBIRAN PLAIN, IN THE NORTH-EAST - WITH THE WESTERN SAYAN AND THE MOUNTAINS OF SOUTHERN TUTVA, IN THE EAST WITH THE VALLE OF BIG LOCKS, IN THE SOUTH-EAST WITH THE GOBI DESERT.

Steppe Samakha

Boshkaus river.

Chui steppe.

Katun

Mountain system of ALTAI

• There are three main types of relief in Altai:
the surface of the residual ancient peneplain, alpine-type glacial high-mountain relief and mid-mountain relief.

• The alpine relief in Altai rises above the surface of the ancient peneplain and occupies higher sections of the Katunsky, Chuisky, Kuraisky, Sailyugem, Chikhachev, Shapshalsky, Southern Altai, and Sarymsakty ranges. Alpine relief is less common than the surface of the ancient peneplain. Ridges with alpine landforms are their most elevated axial parts (up to 4000-4500 m), strongly dissected by erosion and frost weathering.

• The ancient peneplain is a high mountain range with a wide development of leveling surfaces and steep, stepped slopes modified by regressive erosion.

• The mid-mountain relief has heights from 800 to 1800-2000 m and occupies more than half of the territory of Altai. The upper limit of the distribution of the mid-mountain relief is limited by the plane of the ancient peneplain, but this boundary is not sharp. The relief here is characterized by smoothed, rounded forms of low ridges and their spurs, separated by river valleys.

• In the highlands there are also plateaus. The Ulagan plateau is an alpine plain with a wavy, slightly indented surface. The Ukok Plateau and the Chulyshman Plateau have a more dissected relief, formed as a result of glacial and partially erosional processes.

• There are about 300 caves in Altai: there are many of them in the Charysh, Anui, Katun basins. One of the interesting caves is Bolshaya Pryamukhinskaya, 320 m long. It is located on the right bank of the Pryamukha spring, the left tributary of the Yarovka, which flows into the Inya. The entrance to the cave is through a shaft with a depth of 40 m. The longest cave in Altai - Museum, more than 700 m, is located near the village of Karakol, on the right bank of the Karakol, the left tributary of the Anui. The cave has two entrances through wells 17-20 m deep. In the Museum Cave there are various sinter forms - stalactites and stalagmites.

• The main wealth of the interior of Altai is the deposits of precious metals and pyrite lead-zinc-copper-barite ores. In Gorny Altai there are deposits of mercury, gold, iron, tungsten-molybdenum ores. The deposits of ornamental stones and marble have long been known. There are thermal mineral springs: Abakan Arzhan, Belokurikhinsky and others.

• MINERALS

• The climate is continental in the foothills; sharply continental in the interior and eastern parts, which is determined by the position in temperate latitudes and a considerable distance from the oceans. The winter is severe and long (from 5 months in the foothills to 10 months in the highlands), which is facilitated by the influence of the Asian anticyclone. Summers are relatively short but warm (up to 4 months). Precipitation is mainly connected with the west by moisture-bearing flows and is distributed extremely unevenly over the territory and seasons.

• The Altai Mountains are gradually destroyed under the influence of the forces of nature: heat and frost, snow and rain, wind and flowing waters crush and carry away the upper layers, exposing dense crystalline rocks - granites, porphyries, marble. The stone peaks are cracking into huge, disorderly heaped pieces. Scree, consisting of small detrital material, descends along the slopes of the mountains.

• The river network in Altai is well developed.
• This is where the largest rivers originate.
• Western Siberia - Ob, Irtysh.
• And a number of their tributaries -
• Katun, Biya, Tom, Bukhtarma.

Water resources

• The majestic peak of Mount Sinyukha rises to a height of more than a thousand meters in the vicinity of the village of Kolyvan. These places have long attracted travelers.
• Mount Sinyukha has long been considered a place of pilgrimage. On the top and slopes of the mountain there are several natural granite bowls filled, as many believe, with holy water.

• Mount Bolshoi Monastery Located in the Charysh valley near the village of Ust-Pustynka Altai Territory). The remnant rock, about 100 m high, resembling the building of an ancient monastery, is composed of white, gray and pink limestones. The pastel palette gives the Great Monastery a particularly romantic look. More than 10 caves are known in the mountain.

• Belukha - the queen of Altai - can not leave anyone indifferent, she is so beautiful, majestic and graceful that it causes a storm of feelings and emotions in anyone.
• This mountain has many names. Belukha was dubbed by the Russians for the abundance of snow cover. The Altaians called it "Kadym-Bazha" or "Katyn-Bash", that is, "the peak, the sources of the Katun", and "Ak-Su-Ryu" - "White Water". The Kirghiz of the Southern Altai called it "Mouss-Du-Tau" - "Ice Mountain".

• The territory of Altai has been declared an object
• world natural heritage.
• It includes Katunsky
• state reserve with
• natural park "Belukha" and Altai
• state reserve with
• water protection zone of Lake Teletskoye.
• Famous scientist, philosopher, artist
• Nicholas Roerich admired beauty,
• considering it the spiritual center of the world -
• "Shambala".

• The forests of Altai are formed mainly
• coniferous species: larch,
• spruce, pine, fir and cedar.
• The most common
• larch, which occupies
• almost all mountain slopes, often
• rising to the top
• forests, where, together with cedar, it forms
• larch-cedar forests.

• Flora of Altai consists of 1840 species.
• It consists of alpine, forest and steppe
• forms. 212 endemic species are known,
• which is 11.5%.
• In the northwestern and northern foothills of the steppe
• plains pass into mountain steppes and forest-steppes.
• On the slopes of the mountains dominated by the forest belt,
• changing on the highest ridges
• subalpine, alpine meadows and mountain tundra,
• over which on many high peaks
• are located
• glaciers.

Flora and fauna of Altai

• teletskoye lake
• located at an altitude of 436 m,
• in a narrow depression 77 km long
• and a width of 1-6 km.
• Its greatest depth
• is 325 m.
• This gives reason to consider the lake the second
• in depth after Baikal.
• Depending on the flow of river water
• lake level changes
• falling in winter and rising in summer.

"Ecology of the Astrakhan region" - The area of ​​land occupied by landfills. Motor transport. Ways to solve the problem. Solid household waste. Environmental problems atmosphere Astrakhan region. Pollution atmospheric air. The level of air pollution. Sources of pollution. Industry. Priority air pollutants.

""South Africa" ​​geography" - President of South Africa. Economy. Coat of arms Republic of South Africa. George Pemba. Interior regions of South Africa. South Africa has a variety of climatic zones. Animal world SOUTH AFRICA. Religion. Interesting Facts about South Africa. Industries National economy. Thomas Baynes. Capital. Population. Flora of South Africa. Art. Story. Geography. The words of the South African anthem. Republic of South Africa.

"State of Arizona" - Climate. Economy. A significant part of the territory of the state falls on the mountains, plateaus. State of Arizona. Geography. Story. Content. Colorado. Population. Etymology.

"Nature Protection of Kazakhstan" - Meaning. Types of animals. Plants. scientific value. forest resources. Tiger. Protection of the animal world. Number of vertebrate species. Endemics. Red Data Book of Kazakhstan. Problems of protection of plants and animals in Kazakhstan. Nature of Kazakhstan. Security measures. Forest. Plant protection. Reduction of species.

"Coal" - The age of the most ancient coals is estimated at about 350 million years. The largest promising deposits. Artificial graphite is obtained from coal. In England in 1735 they learned how to smelt iron on coke. The use of coal is varied. Coal. Brown coal. Very promising is the combustion (hydrogenation) of coal with the formation of liquid fuel. Coal. In 2004, production was: SUEK - 74.5 million tons.

"Wedding traditions of the Tatars" - Rite of caress. Bridal show. home decorating ceremony. Soup. Features of the wedding. Tests for the groom. Toastmaster. Wedding traditions of the Tatar people. offerings. Chak-chak. Matchmaking. Nikah. Son-in-law pancakes. Engagement and collusion. Bride ransom.

The total area of ​​the protected zone is sq. km. It includes, in particular, such significant geographical objects as Mount Belukha and Lake Teletskoye. BelukhaTeletskoye The choice of these territories is due to the fact that they, in their totality, most fully represent the alternation of zones of alpine vegetation in Siberia: steppe, forest-steppe, mixed forests, subalpine and alpine belts. steppe forest-steppe mixed forests

The climate of Altai is continental, rather severe. Winter in the conditions of the high atmospheric pressure(Asian anticyclone) cold and long. The average January t is from 15°C (in the foothills) to 28, 32°C in the intermountain basins of the Central Altai, where temperature inversions are clearly expressed ( absolute minimum in the Chui "steppe" 60°C).

The mountainous relief that arose after the Hercynian orogeny was flattened during the Mesozoic, accompanied by the formation of a weathering crust. At the end of the Paleogene, a weak, gradually increasing dome uplift resumed, which intensified at the end of the Neogene and the beginning of the Anthropogen.

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"Mountains of the North Caucasus" - The Kuban River is a kind of axis of the plain. Alpine jackdaw. The rivers of the Caucasus are divided into flat and mountainous. Beech forests. Rivers. average temperature July from +20 to +8 degrees. The Caucasus Mountains are the highest mountains in Russia. The area is famous for high yields of wheat, sunflower, sugar beet. Caucasian Mineral Waters.

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"Mountains of the Urals" - Parts of the Urals. A. Tvardovsky. Here, traces of glaciation are visible quite clearly. The average height of the Northern Urals is about 900 meters. stone belt Russian lands - Ural. Hercynian folding. The Ural Mountains stretch from the coast of the Arctic Kara Sea to the steppes of Kazakhstan. edge of the West Siberian plate.

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