Types of submarines in service with the Russian Federation. Reference

Submarines of the Varshavyanka class.

After the collapse Soviet Union Russia's submarine building program went into decline along with many other branches of the Russian military-industrial complex. But in last decade Russian leaders are making efforts to modernize their armed forces. Russia is modernizing Cold War designs to modern standards and designing entirely new platforms such as the Borey and Yasen-class boats, clearly determined to upgrade the status and capabilities of its submarine fleet.

Here are five submarines that deserve special attention.

Submarine project "Pike-B"

Boule with a towed antenna inside on the tail of the submarine project 971 "Pike-B".

The Soviet Navy received seven Akula I models between 1986 and 1992. From 1992 to 1995, Russia launched two to four modernized Akula I boats. At that time, Moscow had already begun a comprehensive modernization of the Project 971A Akula II boat. This version has an increased hull length of 110 meters and a larger displacement of 12,770 tons. The improved design also features a quieter engine than its predecessors, making Project 971A the quietest boat in the Russian fleet. Russia has built three such ships: Vepr (commissioned in 1995), Nerpa (2000) and Gepard (2001). Moscow must keep the Gepard in its arsenal until at least 2025, while the Nerpa is being leased to India.

The speed of the project 971 on the surface is up to 10 knots. Under water, this boat can reach speeds of up to 33 knots when submerged to 600 meters. The duration of autonomous navigation at the "Pike" is 100 days. The boat is armed with various anti-ship, anti-submarine and anti-aircraft weapons which allows it to perform a wide range of tasks. One submarine of this type can carry as many as 12 Granit cruise missiles, which are designed to destroy ships and ground targets. The Granit missile has a launch range of 3,000 kilometers. For anti-ship and anti-submarine operations, the Pike is equipped with eight torpedo launchers, while the improved Akula and Akula II have ten. MANPADS "Strela-ZM" with 18 missiles gives this boat the ability to strike at air targets.

Submarine project 877 "Halibut" (Kilo)

Diesel submarine "Krasnokamensk" project 877 during
mooring at the main base of the Pacific Fleet in Vladivostok.

Halibut is a smaller submarine, its Iranian version has a submerged displacement of 3,076 tons and a hull length of 70 meters. The base model Kilo carries six torpedo tubes. This boat can use electric torpedoes TEST-71MKE, which have an active sonar homing system with remote control and carry a 205-kilogram warhead. "Halibut" can also release up to 24 min. The boat has eight anti-aircraft missiles on board, which can be used in the Strela-3 and Igla MANPADS. India, which also uses Kilo, under a contract with the Russian shipbuilding company Zvyozdochka, has included Club S anti-ship missiles (range 220 kilometers) in its armament.

Kilo diesel generators provide the submarine with a speed of up to 10 knots on the surface and 17 knots underwater. Kilo can dive up to 300 meters, and this boat has a 45-day autonomy. Post-Soviet Russia still uses the Halibut, while variants are in service in countries such as China, India, Iran and Algeria. Former members Warsaw Pact and current NATO members Poland and Romania also have Project 877 boats in their navies.

Project 636.6 submarines "Varshavyanka" (Improved Kilo)

Launching of the submarine "Krasnodar" in St. Petersburg.

Project 636.6 "Varshavyanka", also known in the West as "improved Kilo", appeared on the scene. Initially, this boat was considered as an intermediate option between the first Kilo and the Lada, but now the Varshavyanka will have to fill the gap until the new models are deemed seaworthy. The Russian navy has ordered six such ships, four of which have already entered its composition. The newest boat "Krasnodar" was launched in April 2015.

"Varshavyanka" has a displacement of up to 4 thousand tons in a submerged position and has a powerful set of weapons. Like her predecessor, this boat has six torpedo tubes and is armed with anti-aircraft missiles Strela-3 and Needle. The new type 636.6 also carries the Novator Design Bureau's Club-S anti-ship missiles. This rocket with a high-explosive warhead has a launch range of 220 kilometers.

Like the original Project 877, the “improved Kilo” has a 45-day autonomous voyage and a maximum diving depth of 300 meters. "Varshavyanka" has more high speeds compared to its predecessor: 11 knots surfaced and 20 knots submerged. The upgraded model, nicknamed the "silent killer", is already considered one of the quietest diesel-electric submarines. Nevertheless, the Rubin design bureau intends to install an air-independent propulsion system at Varshavyanka, which may be even less noisy than a nuclear plant.

Project 955 Borey submarines

Nuclear submarine "Yuri Dolgoruky".

The length of the Borea hull is 170 meters, and each submarine has a submerged displacement of 24,000 tons. "Yuri Dolgoruky" and the rest of the ships of his series are on board 16 ballistic missiles P-30 Bulava-30 (RSM-56). Bulava missiles are equipped with 150 kiloton nuclear warheads and have a launch range of 8,000 kilometers. According to some reports, the RSM-56 can have an even greater range and power: up to 10 thousand kilometers and up to 500 kilotons. In addition to ballistic missiles, Borey boats also have six torpedo tubes that provide launch various types anti-submarine torpedoes.

The Borea nuclear power plant provides it with a surface speed of up to 15 knots and an underwater speed of 29 knots. Max Depth dives at the boat 480 meters, and the period of autonomous navigation is 100 days. Borey-class submarines promise to be a powerful long-range force for the Russian Navy for many years to come. Moscow has already placed an order for the construction of 10 new boats by 2020.

Submarines of project 885 "Ash"

Acceptance ceremony of the first multi-purpose nuclear submarine
K-560 "Severodvinsk" project "Ash" in the Russian Navy.

The Yasen project submarines have a hull length of 111 meters, and a submerged displacement of approximately 13,500 tons. Each Project 885 ship can carry weapons designed to destroy ground targets, surface ships and submarines, which allows it to perform a wide range of tasks. To combat submarines, Yasen has eight torpedo tubes and can launch anti-submarine missiles, such as the supersonic P-800 Oniks. Onyx missiles can also be used as anti-ship weapons. At ground targets, the Yasen submarines are capable of launching 3M51 cruise missiles, which can be equipped with a nuclear warhead. 3M51 have a range of 800 kilometers.

The powerful reactor power plant aboard the Yasen submarines allows new models to be significantly ahead of their predecessors. Project 885 submarines can reach speeds of up to 20 knots on the surface and 35 knots underwater. Yasen boats are capable of diving to over 600 meters, making them a serious threat to Russia's adversaries.

The design of the latest Russian nuclear submarines uses technological elements of Western submarines, increasing both the efficiency of submarines and their ability to remain unnoticed. As a result, in war time a submarine can more reliably protect its deadly cargo of 16 nuclear missiles from American and NATO hunters for Russian submarines.

Borey-class submarines are huge. Each is 160 meters long and 14 meters wide, and their displacement is 21,000 tons. The OK-650B nuclear power plant with a capacity of 190 megawatts allows the ship to move at a speed of 15 knots on the surface and 29 knots underwater. The boat has an unlimited range. Restrictions are related only to food supplies.

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"Prince Vladimir": the deadliest nuclear submarine in the world

The first Russian submarine of this class, Yuri Dolgoruky, was laid down in 1996. Due to funding problems, it was put into operation only in 2014. According to H.I. Sutton, author of Submarines of the World: Secret Shores. Identification Guide” (World Submarines: Covert Shores Recognition Guide), the recently launched fourth boat of the class “Borey” “Prince Vladimir” borrowed some design features submarines made in the USA and other NATO countries.

According to Sutton, "the tail section with turning rudders and end plates on horizontal stabilizers is the same as on the Ohio-class submarines of the US Navy." Submarines are also equipped with a water jet propulsion system instead of a typical propeller. -by the British Navy, but such a system was also installed on US Navy submarines from the Seawolf class in 1990. Borei is the first Russian nuclear submarine equipped with such engines.

The smooth, streamlined felling is another Western influence. This makes the boat look like American submarines, although it is much longer. The base Borea model has an unusual sloping felling.

All of the above does not mean that a new version"Borea" - a copy of the Western nuclear submarines. Sutton notes that Knyaz Vladimir has a “two-hull design, traditional for Russian nuclear submarines. Western boats are single hull, which means that the crew is separated from the ocean by only one layer of steel.

Another unusual aspect of the Borei is the large number of torpedoes and torpedo bays. Nuclear submarines operate from defense, constantly hiding in sea ​​depths. They usually only have four torpedo bays. But the Boreys have eight, Sutton says, as do the unfinished Shark-class attack submarines. This number of torpedoes is an unusual boost for a submarine armed with ballistic missiles.

The materials of InoSMI contain only assessments of foreign media and do not reflect the position of the editors of InoSMI.

How the submarine works

The submarine's submersion and ascent system includes ballast and auxiliary tanks, as well as connecting pipelines and fittings. The main element here is the tanks of the main ballast, due to the filling of which with water the main reserve of buoyancy of the submarine is repaid. All tanks are included in the bow, stern and middle group. They can be filled and purged one after the other or at the same time.

The submarine has trim tanks necessary to compensate for the longitudinal displacement of cargo. The ballast between the trim tanks is blown with compressed air or pumped using special pumps. Trim - this is the name of the technique, the purpose of which is to "balance" the submerged submarine.

Nuclear submarines are divided into generations. The first (50s) is characterized by relatively high noise and imperfection of hydroacoustic systems. The second generation was built in the 60s and 70s: the shape of the hull was optimized to increase speed. The boats of the third are larger, they also have equipment for electronic warfare. For the Premier League fourth generation characterized by an unprecedented low noise level and advanced electronics. The appearance of the fifth generation boats is being worked out today.

An important component of any submarine is the air system. Diving, ascent, removal of waste - all this is done with compressed air. The latter is stored under high pressure on board the submarine: this way it takes up less space and allows you to accumulate more energy. Air high pressure is in special cylinders: as a rule, its quantity is monitored by a senior mechanic. Compressed air is replenished during ascent. This is a long and laborious procedure that requires special attention. In order for the crew of the boat to have something to breathe, air regeneration units are placed on board the submarine, allowing oxygen to be obtained from the sea water.

Premier League: what are they

A nuclear boat has a nuclear power plant(Where, in fact, the name came from). Nowadays, many countries also operate diesel-electric submarines (submarines). The level of autonomy of nuclear submarines is much higher, and they can perform a wider range of tasks. The Americans and the British have generally stopped using non-nuclear submarines, while the Russian submarine fleet has a mixed composition. In general, only five countries have nuclear submarines. In addition to the United States and the Russian Federation, the “club of the elite” includes France, England and China. Other maritime powers use diesel-electric submarines.

The future of the Russian submarine fleet is connected with two new nuclear submarines. We are talking about multi-purpose boats of project 885 "Ash" and missile submarines strategic purpose 955 Borey. Project 885 boats will be built by eight units, and the number of Boreys will reach seven. The Russian submarine fleet will not be comparable to the American one (the US will have dozens of new submarines), but it will occupy the second line of the world ranking.

Russian and American boats differ in their architecture. The United States makes its nuclear submarines single-hulled (the hull both resists pressure and has a streamlined shape), and Russia makes it double-hulled: in this case, there is an internal rough strong hull and an external streamlined light one. On the nuclear submarines of project 949A Antey, which included the infamous Kursk, the distance between the hulls is 3.5 m. It is believed that double-hulled boats are more tenacious, while single-hulled boats, other things being equal, have less weight. In single-hull boats, the main ballast tanks, which provide ascent and immersion, are located inside a strong hull, and in double-hull boats - inside a light outer one. Each domestic submarine must survive if any compartment is completely flooded with water - this is one of the main requirements for submarines.

In general, there is a trend towards the transition to single-hull nuclear submarines, since the latest steel from which the hulls of American boats are made can withstand enormous loads at depth and provides the submarine with a high level of survivability. In particular, we are talking about high-strength steel grade HY-80/100 with a yield strength of 56-84 kgf/mm. Obviously, even more advanced materials will be used in the future.

There are also boats with a hull mixed type(when the light body overlaps the main one only partially) and multi-body (several strong cases inside the lung). The latter include the domestic project 941 missile submarine, the largest nuclear submarine in the world. Inside her lightweight hull are five rugged hulls, two of which are primary. For the manufacture of durable hulls, titanium alloys were used, and for lightweight ones, steel. It is covered with a non-resonant anti-radar soundproof rubber coating weighing 800 tons. This coating alone weighs more than the American nuclear submarine NR-1. Project 941 is truly a gigantic submarine. Its length is 172, and its width is 23 m. 160 people are serving on board.

You can see how different nuclear submarines are and how different their "maintenance" is. Now let's take a closer look at several domestic submarines: boats of project 971, 949A and 955. All of these are powerful and modern submarines serving in the Russian fleet. The boats belong to three different types of submarines, which we talked about above:

Nuclear submarines are divided by purpose:

· SSBN (Strategic Missile Submarine Cruiser). As part of the nuclear triad, these submarines carry ballistic missiles with nuclear warheads. The main targets of such ships are enemy military bases and cities. The SSBN includes the new Russian nuclear submarine 955 Borey. In America, this type of submarine is called SSBN (Ship Submarine Ballistic Nuclear): this includes the most powerful of these submarines, the Ohio-class boat. To accommodate the entire deadly arsenal on board, SSBNs are designed to meet the requirements of a large internal volume. Their length often exceeds 170 m - this is noticeably longer than the length of multi-purpose submarines.

· PLAT (Nuclear torpedo submarine). Such boats are also called multipurpose. Their purpose: the destruction of ships, other submarines, tactical targets on the ground and the collection of intelligence. They are smaller than SSBNs and have best speed and mobility. PATs can use torpedoes or precision cruise missiles. These nuclear submarines include the American "Los Angeles" or the Soviet / Russian MPLATRK project 971 "Pike-B".

The American Seawolf is considered the most advanced multi-purpose nuclear submarine. Her main feature – the highest level stealth and deadly weapons on board. One such submarine carries up to 50 Harpoon or Tomahawk missiles. There are also torpedoes. Due to the high cost, the US Navy received only three of these submarines.

· SSGN (Nuclear submarine with cruise missiles). This is the smallest group of modern nuclear submarines. This includes the Russian 949A "Antey" and some American "Ohio" converted into carriers of cruise missiles. The concept of SSGN has something in common with multi-purpose nuclear submarines. Submarines of the SSGN type, however, are larger - they are large floating underwater platforms with high-precision weapons. In the Soviet / Russian fleet, these boats are also called "aircraft carrier killers".

Inside the submarine

It is difficult to consider in detail the design of all the main types of nuclear submarines, but it is quite possible to analyze the scheme of one of these boats. It will be the submarine of project 949A "Antey", a landmark (in every sense) for the domestic fleet. To increase survivability, the creators duplicated many important components of this nuclear submarine. Such boats received a pair of reactors, turbines and propellers. The failure of one of them, according to the idea, should not be fatal for the boat. The compartments of the submarine are divided by inter-compartment bulkheads: they are designed for a pressure of 10 atmospheres and are communicated by hatches that can be sealed if necessary. Not all domestic nuclear submarines have so many compartments. The multi-purpose nuclear submarine of project 971, for example, is divided into six compartments, and the new SSBN of project 955 is divided into eight.

It is to the boats of project 949A that the infamous Kursk belongs. This submarine was lost in the Barents Sea on August 12, 2000. The victims of the disaster were all 118 crew members who were on board. Many versions of what happened were put forward: the most probable of all is the explosion of a 650 mm torpedo stored in the first compartment. According to the official version, the tragedy occurred due to the leakage of a component of the torpedo fuel, namely hydrogen peroxide.

The Project 949A nuclear submarine has a very advanced (by the standards of the 80s) apparatus, including the MGK-540 Skat-3 sonar system and many other systems. The boat is also equipped with an automated navigation system "Symphonia-U", which has increased accuracy, increased range and a large amount of processed information. Most of the information about all these complexes is kept secret.

Compartments of the nuclear submarine of project 949A "Antey":

First compartment:

It is also called bow or torpedo. This is where the torpedo tubes are located. The boat has two 650-mm and four 533-mm torpedo tubes, and in total there are 28 torpedoes on board the nuclear submarine. The first compartment consists of three decks. The combat stock is stored on racks designed for this, and torpedoes are fed into the apparatus using a special mechanism. Batteries are also located here, which are separated from the torpedoes by special decks for safety reasons. Five crew members usually serve in the first compartment.

Second compartment:

This compartment on the submarines of projects 949A and 955 (and not only on them) plays the role of the “brain of the boat”. It is here that the central control panel is located, and it is from here that the submarine is controlled. Here are the panels of hydroacoustic systems, microclimate regulators and navigation satellite equipment. 30 crew members serve in the compartment. From it you can get into the cabin of the nuclear submarine, designed to monitor the surface of the sea. There are also retractable devices: periscopes, antennas and radars.

Third compartment:

The third is the electronic compartment. Here, in particular, there are multi-profile communication antennas and many other systems. The equipment of this compartment allows you to receive target designations, including from space. After processing, the received information is entered into the ship's combat information and control system. We add that the submarine rarely makes contact so as not to be unmasked.

Fourth compartment:

This section is residential. Here the crew not only sleeps, but spends free time. There is a sauna, a gym, showers and a common room for joint recreation. There is a room in the compartment that allows you to relieve emotional stress - for this, for example, there is an aquarium with fish. In addition, in the fourth compartment there is a galley, or, speaking plain language, nuclear submarine kitchen.

Fifth compartment:

There is a diesel generator that generates energy. Here you can also see an electrolysis plant for air regeneration, high-pressure compressors, a shore power shield, diesel fuel and oil reserves.

5 bis:

This room is needed to decontaminate the crew members who worked in the reactor compartment. It is about removing radioactive substances from surfaces and reducing the level of contamination. radioactive substances. Due to the fact that there are two fifth compartments, confusion often occurs: some sources claim that the nuclear submarine has ten compartments, others say nine. Even despite the fact that the last compartment is the ninth, in total there are ten of them on the nuclear submarine (including 5 bis).

Sixth compartment:

This compartment, one might say, is located in the very center of the nuclear submarine. It is of particular importance, because it is here that two OK-650V nuclear reactors with a capacity of 190 MW each are located. The reactor belongs to the OK-650 series - this is a series of water-water nuclear reactors on thermal neutrons. The role of nuclear fuel is played by uranium dioxide highly enriched in the 235 isotope. The compartment has a volume of 641 m³. There are two corridors above the reactor, allowing you to get to other parts of the nuclear submarine.

Seventh compartment:

It is also called turbine. The volume of this compartment is 1116 m³. This room is intended for the main switchboard; power plants; emergency control panel of the main power plant; as well as a number of other devices that ensure the movement of the submarine.

Eighth compartment:

This compartment is very similar to the seventh, and it is also called the turbine. The volume is 1072 m³. Here you can see the power plant; turbines that drive the propellers of nuclear submarines; a turbogenerator that provides the boat with electricity, and water desalination plants.

Ninth section:

This is an extremely small refuge compartment, with a volume of 542 m³, with an escape hatch. This compartment, in theory, will allow the crew members to survive in the event of a disaster. There are six inflatable rafts (each designed for 20 people), 120 gas masks and rescue kits for individual ascent. In addition, the compartment contains: steering system hydraulics; high pressure air compressor; motor control station; lathe; combat post of reserve rudder control; shower room and a supply of food for six days.

Armament

We will separately consider the armament of the nuclear submarine of project 949A. In addition to torpedoes (which we have already talked about), the boat carries 24 P-700 Granit cruise anti-ship missiles. These are long-range missiles that can fly along a combined trajectory up to 625 km. For targeting, the P-700 has an active radar head guidance.

The missiles are located in special containers between the light and durable nuclear submarine hulls. Their location roughly corresponds to the central compartments of the boat: containers with missiles go on both sides of the submarine, 12 on each side. All of them are turned forward from the vertical at an angle of 40-45°. Each of these containers has a special lid that slides out during a rocket launch.

Cruise missiles P-700 "Granit" - the basis of the arsenal of the project 949A boat. Meanwhile, there is no real experience in using these missiles in combat, so it is difficult to judge the combat effectiveness of the complex. Tests have shown that due to the speed of the rocket (1.5-2.5 M), it is very difficult to intercept it. However, not everything is so clear. Over land, the missile is not capable of flying at low altitude, and therefore is an easy target for enemy air defenses. At sea, the performance indicators are higher, but it is worth saying that the American carrier-based formation (namely, a missile was created to fight them) has excellent air defense cover.

Such a layout of weapons is not typical for nuclear submarines. On the American boat "Ohio", for example, ballistic or cruise missiles are located in mines, going in two longitudinal rows behind the fence of retractable devices. But the multi-purpose "Sivulf" launches cruise missiles from torpedo tubes. In the same way, cruise missiles are launched from the domestic MPLATRK project 971 "Pike-B". Of course, all these submarines also carry various torpedoes. The latter are used to destroy submarines and surface ships.

Submarines form the backbone naval weapons Russia. They are able to carry out a number of strategic important tasks. They are used to destroy enemy ships, various underwater and surface objects, as well as to destroy targets in the coastal waters of the enemy. In addition, they are able to quietly carry out combat missions and leave places of temporary deployment. It is believed that the submarine fleets of the Russian Federation and the United States are the strongest, and these powers share the palm in dominance over the oceans.

How the nuclear submarine fleet was born

In the middle of the last century, in 1954, the Nautilus was launched, which is considered the first nuclear submarine launched by the United States. The development of a submarine type SSN 571 has been carried out since 1946, and already in 1949 its construction began. The basis for the design was the German military submarine of the 27th series, the design of which the Americans changed beyond recognition and installed a nuclear power plant in it. Until the beginning of 1960, the production of first nuclear submarines project EB 253-A, better known as the Skate submarines.

Just 5 years later, at the beginning of 1959, project 627 appeared, which became the first nuclear submarine of the Soviet Union. She was immediately adopted by the Navy. Soon after it Soviet designers project 667-A was developed, which was originally conceived for use as a strategic missile submarine cruiser (SSBN). Actually, the adoption of the 667s into service as combat units is considered to be the beginning of the development of the second generation of nuclear submarines of the USSR.

In 1970 of the last century, project 667-B was adopted and approved in the Union. It was the nuclear submarine, which bore the name Murena. It was equipped with a powerful naval DBK (ballistic missile system) "D-9" for intercontinental use. Following this submarine, Murena-M (project 667-BD) appeared, and already in 1976 the Soviet fleet received the first series of submarine missile carriers ─ project 667-BDR. They were armed with missiles that had multiple warheads.

Further development of the submarines of the leading countries was carried out in such a way that the design was based on silent propellers and some changes in the hull. So, in 1980, the first attack-type submarine appeared, which became Project 949 of the III generation. To perform a number of strategic tasks, torpedoes and cruise missiles were used on it.

A little later, project 667-AT appeared, the flagship of which was the nuclear submarine K423. She was adopted in 1986 by the Soviet fleet. It is also worth noting that this project managed to survive to this day. Like other Russian nuclear submarines, the current combat units of the fleet include the K395 model of project 667.

It is impossible not to mention the Soviet submarines created in 1977. They became a modification of the project 667 ─ 671 RTM, of which 26 units were built by the end of 1991. Soon after that, the first domestic multi-purpose nuclear submarines were created, the hull of which was made of titanium ─ Bars-971 and 945, known as the Barracuda.

Half a hundred ─ a lot or a little?

The Russian submarine fleet is armed with 76 units of submarines of various classes, including SSBNs, AMPLs (multi-purpose), diesel, and special purpose ships. The question of how many nuclear submarines there are in Russia can be answered this way: there are 47 of them. It should be noted that this is a very large number, since the construction of one nuclear submarine today costs the state over $1 billion. If we take into account the ships that are being refitted and in ship repair yards, then the number of nuclear submarines in Russia will be 49. For comparison, we will give some data on the submarines in service with the superpowers. The American submarine fleet has 71 combat units of submarines, while the UK and France each have 10 units.

Nuclear-powered heavy missile cruisers

Heavy missile carriers are considered the largest and most dangerous in terms of defeating enemy forces and destructive capabilities. Such nuclear submarines in Russia are in service in the amount of 3 units. Among them are the missile carrier "Dmitry Donskoy" (heavy cruiser TK208), as well as "Vladimir Monomakh". They were built according to project 945. Their weapons are presented missile system"Mace".

Cruiser TK-17 of the "Shark" type, which is integral part project 941UM, is in service with the submarine fleet and is called "Arkhangelsk". The boat TK-20 has the name "Severstal", and it was also built according to this project. One of the reasons for their failure is the shortage of P-39 ballistic missiles. We also note that these ships are among the largest in the world, and their total displacement is about 50 thousand tons.

At the beginning of 2013, the flag was hoisted on the nuclear submarine K-535 (Project 955 Borey), named after Yuri Dolgoruky. This submarine became the lead submarine missile cruiser of the Northern Fleet. Less than a year later, in December, the Pacific Fleet received the K-550. This submarine is named after Alexander Nevsky. All boats are IV generation strategic missile carriers.

Strategic nuclear submarines "Dolphin"

Project 667-BDRM is represented by nuclear submarines of the Russian Navy in the amount of 6 units:

• "Bryansk" ─ K117;
• "Verkhoturye" ─ K51;
• "Yekaterinburg" ─ K84;
• "Karelia" ─ K118;
• "Novomoskovsk" ─ K407;
• "Tula" ─ K114.

In mid-1999, the nuclear-powered cruiser K64 ceased to be an active unit of the Navy and was removed from service. All Russian nuclear submarines (photos of some can be seen above), which are part of the project, are in service with the Northern MF.

Project 667-BDR. Nuclear boats "Kalmar"

In terms of number in the Navy, modern Russian nuclear submarines of the Kalmar class are immediately behind the Dolphins. The construction of boats under the 667BDR project began even before the beginning of 1980 in the USSR, therefore most of The nuclear submarine has already been decommissioned and has fallen into disrepair. To date, the Russian fleet has only 3 units of such submarines:

• "Ryazan" ─ K44;
• "St. George the Victorious" ─ K433;
• "Podolsk" ─ K223.

All submarines are in service with the Russian Pacific Fleet. The Ryazan is considered the “youngest” of them, since it was put into operation later than the others, at the end of 1982.

multi-purpose nuclear submarine

Russian multi-purpose nuclear submarines, which were assembled according to project 971, are considered the most numerous in their class (Pike-B). They are capable of destroying targets in coastal waters, on the coast, as well as hitting underwater structures and objects located on the surface of the water. Northern and Pacific Fleets have 11 nuclear submarines of this type in their arsenal. However, 3 of them will no longer be used for various reasons. For example, the nuclear submarine "Akula" is not used at all, and "Barnaul" and "Bars" have already been transferred for recycling. The Nerpa K152 submarine was sold to India in 2012 under a contract. Later, she was transferred to service with the Indian Navy.

Project 949A. Multipurpose nuclear submarine "Antey"

Russian nuclear submarines of project 949A are present in the amount of 3 units and are part of the Northern Fleet. 5 nuclear submarines "Antey" are in service with the fleet Pacific Ocean. When this submarine was conceived, it was supposed to put into operation 18 units. However, the lack of funding made itself felt, so only 11 of them were launched.

Today, Russian nuclear submarines of the Antey class are in service with the fleet in the amount of 8 combat units. A few years ago, the Krasnoyarsk K173 and Krasnodar K178 submarines were sent for dismantling and scrapped. On September 12, 2000, a tragedy occurred in the Barents Sea that claimed the lives of 118 Russian sailors. On this day, the APRK project "Antey" 949A "Kursk" K141 sank.

Nuclear submarines "Condor", "Barracuda" and "Pike" of multi-purpose use

From the beginning of the 80s to the 90s, 4 boats were built, which were projects 945 and 945A. They were named "Barracuda" and "Condor". According to the 945 project, Russian nuclear submarines "Kostroma" B276 and "Karp" B239 were built. As for the 945A project, the Nizhny Novgorod B534, as well as the Pskov B336, which were originally put into service with the Northern Fleet, were created according to it. All 4 submarines are in service to this day.

Also in service there are 4 submarines of the multi-purpose project "Pike" 671RTMK, including:

• Obninsk - B138;
• "Petrozavodsk" ─ B338;
• "Tambov" ─ B448;
• "Daniel of Moscow" ─ B414.

The Department of Defense plans to decommission these boats and replace them with an entirely new class of combat units.

Nuclear submarine 885 type "Ash"

To date, the Severodvinsk SSGN is the only operating submarine of this class. On June 17 last year, a solemn raising of the flag took place on K-560. Over the next 5 years, it is planned to create and launch 7 more such vessels. The construction of the Kazan, Krasnoyarsk and Novosibirsk submarines is already in full swing. If Severodvinsk is project 885, then the rest of the boats will be created according to the project of an improved modification 885M.

As for weapons, the Yasen nuclear submarine will be equipped with supersonic cruise missiles Caliber type. The firing range of these missiles can be 2.5 thousand km, and they are high-precision projectiles, the main task of which will be the destruction of enemy aircraft carriers. It is also planned that the Kazan nuclear submarine will be equipped with fundamentally new equipment, which has not previously been used in the development underwater vehicles. Moreover, in a row specifications, primarily due to the minimum noise level, detecting such a submarine will be very problematic. In addition, this multi-purpose submarine will compete with the American SSN575 Seawolf.

At the end of November 2012, tests were carried out missile system"Caliber". Shooting was carried out from the submerged Severodvinsk submarine at ground targets from a distance of 1.4 thousand km. In addition, a supersonic rocket of the Onyx type was launched. The rocket launches were successful and proved the feasibility of their use.

I bring to your attention a photo review of all nuclear submarines in service and under construction for the Russian Navy.

Project 955 Borey

1. Strategic missile submarine K-535 "Yuri Dolgoruky" of project 955 "Borey". Year of entry into the fleet - 2012

2. Strategic missile submarine K-550 "Alexander Nevsky" of project 955 "Borey". The year of joining the fleet is 2013.

3. Strategic missile submarine K-551 "Vladimir Monomakh" of project 955 "Borey". The year of entry into the fleet is 2014.

4. Strategic missile submarine "Prince Vladimir" project 955 "Borey". Laid down - 2012.

5. Strategic missile submarine "Prince Oleg" project 955 "Borey". Laid down - 2014.

6. Strategic missile submarine "Generalissimo Suvorov" project 955 "Borey". Laid down - 2014.

Project 885 "Ash"

7. Multi-purpose nuclear-powered torpedo submarine with K-560 Severodvinsk cruise missiles of project 885 Yasen. Year of entry into the fleet - 2013.

8. Multipurpose nuclear-powered torpedo submarine with K-561 Kazan cruise missiles of project 885 Ash. Laid down - 2009.

9. Multi-purpose nuclear-powered torpedo submarine with K-573 Novosibirsk cruise missiles of project 885 Ash. Laid down - 2013.

10. Multi-purpose nuclear-powered torpedo submarine with K-173 Krasnoyarsk cruise missiles of project 885 Ash. Laid down - 2014.

Project 941UM "Shark"

11. Heavy missile strategic submarine cruiser TK-208 "Dmitry Donskoy" project 941UM "Shark". Year of entry into the fleet - 1981

12. Heavy missile strategic submarine cruiser TK-17 "Arkhangelsk" project 941 "Shark". Year of entry into the fleet - 1987. Status - is on conservationThis post has been edited Arhyzyk - 30.01.2015 - 20:41

13. Heavy missile strategic submarine cruiser TK-20 Severstal project 941 "Shark". Year of entry into the fleet - 1989. Status - is on conservation

Project 667BDR Kalmar

14. Strategic missile submarine K-223 "Podolsk" project 667BDR "Kalmar". The year of entry into the fleet is 1979.

15. Strategic missile submarine K-433 "Saint George the Victorious" project 667BDR "Kalmar". The year of entry into the fleet is 1980.

16. Strategic missile submarine cruiser K-44 "Ryazan" of project 667BDR "Kalmar". Year of entry into the fleet - 1982. Status - under repair

Project 667BDRM "Dolphin" 17. Strategic missile submarine cruiser K-51 "Verkhoturye" of project 667BDRM "Dolphin". Year of entry into the fleet - 1984

18. Strategic missile submarine cruiser K-84 "Ekaterinburg" project 667BDRM "Dolphin". Year of entry into the fleet - 1985

19. Strategic missile submarine cruiser K-114 "Tula" project 667BDRM "Dolphin". Year of entry into the fleet - 1987. Status - under repair

20. Strategic missile submarine K-117 "Bryansk" project 667BDRM "Dolphin". Year of entry into the fleet - 1988

21. Strategic missile submarine cruiser K-18 "Karelia" project 667BDRM "Dolphin". Year of entry into the fleet - 1989

22. Strategic missile submarine K-407 "Novomoskovsk" project 667BDRM "Dolphin". Year of entry into the fleet - 1990

Project 949A "Antey"

23. Nuclear submarine with cruise missiles K-132 "Irkutsk" project 949A "Antey". Year of entry into the fleet - 1988. Status - under repair

24. Nuclear submarine with K-119 Voronezh cruise missiles of project 949A Antey. Year of entry into the fleet - 1989.

25. Nuclear submarine with cruise missiles K-410 "Smolensk" project 949A "Antey". The year of entry into the fleet is 1990.

26. Nuclear submarine with cruise missiles K-442 "Chelyabinsk" project 949A "Antey". Year of entry into the fleet - 1990. Status - under repair

27. Nuclear submarine with cruise missiles K-456 "Tver" project 949A "Antey". The year of entry into the fleet is 1992.

28. Nuclear submarine with K-266 Eagle cruise missiles of project 949A Antey. Year of entry into the fleet - 1992. Status - under repair

29. Nuclear submarine with K-186 Omsk cruise missiles of project 949A Antey. The year of entry into the fleet is 1993.

30. Nuclear submarine with cruise missiles K-150 "Tomsk" project 949A "Antey" "Dolphin". Year of entry into the fleet - 1996. Status - under repair

Project 671RTMK "Pike"

31. Nuclear torpedo submarine B-388 "Petrozavodsk" project 671RTMK "Pike". Year of entry into the fleet - 1988.

32. Nuclear-powered torpedo submarine B-414 "Daniil Moskovsky" of project 671RTMK "Pike". The year of entry into the fleet is 1990.

33. Nuclear-powered torpedo submarine B-138 "Obninsk" of project 671RTMK "Pike". The year of entry into the fleet is 1990.

34. Nuclear torpedo submarine B-448 "Tambov" project 671RTMK "Pike". Year of entry into the fleet - 1992. Status - under repair

Project 971 "Pike-B"

35. Nuclear-powered torpedo submarine K-322 "Kashalot" of project 971 "Pike-B". Year of entry into the fleet - 1988. Status - under repair

36. Nuclear torpedo submarine K-391 "Bratsk" of project 971 "Pike-B". Year of entry into the fleet - 1989. Status - under repair

37. Nuclear-powered torpedo submarine K-331 "Magadan" of project 971 "Pike-B". The year of entry into the fleet is 1990.

38. Nuclear torpedo submarine K-317 "Panther" project 971 "Pike-B". The year of entry into the fleet is 1990.