Big Twenty. What is important to know about the G20

The next G20 international summit 2018 will be the 13th event of this kind. Traditionally, it will bring together the leaders of the G20 member countries. The meeting of heads of state will be held for the first time on the territory South America, in particular, in the capital of Argentina, Buenos Aires.

Note that as a result of the Hamburg forum, it was established not only where the G20 summit will be held in the coming 2018, but also where it will take place in one and two years. So, in 2019, Japan will be the host for the first time, and after that - Saudi Arabia.

Until now, the date for the G20 summit in 2018 has not been set. It is expected to take place over two days in May or June. Moreover, last year in Germany the date of the congress of leaders was set for another month - July, namely on the 7th and 8th.

The heads of the following powers and regions will meet in Buenos Aires:

1. Australia.
2. Russia.
3. Brazil.
4. Canada.
5. China.
6. South Africa.
7. Mexico.
8. Japan.
9. Italy.
10. Indonesia.
11. India.
12. Saudi Arabia.
13. South Korea.
14. Great Britain.
15. Türkiye.
16. France.
17. Germany.
18. Argentina.
19. The European Union, from which two speakers will speak: the President of the European Commission and the President of the European Union.

If the location of the G20 summit in 2018 has already been decided, then who will go to the congress from Russian Federation, still remains a mystery. The fact is that Russia will be represented at the meeting by the president, which will take place only in March of next year.

Current problems

On this moment It is known that Presidents Donald Trump and Vladimir Putin have already met with each other as part of the Argentine summit. Their conversation lasted more than two hours.

The Russian leader said that he spoke with the head of the United States:

• about what is happening in Syria and Ukraine;
• about cybersecurity;
• about the fight against terrorists.

The parties quickly came to a consensus, resolved the Syrian issue and agreed on a ceasefire in the country. However, other problems still remain open. They will be put forward for discussion at the G20 in 2018.

In addition, at a future summit, Russia intends to introduce the idea of ​​​​creating an association of aluminum producers, which will also include India, China and the states Persian Gulf. At a recent meeting in July, Minister of Industry and Trade Denis Manturov already managed to agree on the creation of an association with colleagues from Arab countries.

The issue of sanctions also remains acute. Last year, world leaders failed to agree on lifting trade restrictions. The presidents only indirectly discussed this mechanism of economic pressure, but such a superficial resolution of the problem did not satisfy Russian representatives, in particular, Finance Minister Anton Siluanov, Economic Development Minister Maxim Oreshkin and many others. In the coming year, ambassadors from Russia intend to raise the topic of protectionist policies that negatively affect global economic growth.

The climate session at the G20-2017 was also unsuccessful. Due to the views of Donald Trump, who believes global warming a hoax, the environmental association left the United States altogether. Therefore, countries will have to return to the conversation about emissions into the atmosphere greenhouse gases and effectively regulate the compensation policy associated with the withdrawal of one of the largest water vapor emitters from the agreement, carbon dioxide, methane and ozone.

About the essence of the summits

The G20 is an organization that brings together the major economic systems planets. The year of its formation is considered to be 1999. From its foundation to the present day, the key goal of the G20 has been to ensure sustainable growth of the planetary economy. To achieve the implementation of this large-scale task, a whole range of local pressing problems was solved at the congresses. These today include the search for adequate ways:

• to stabilize the world economy;
• for the development of social and financial infrastructure;
• to resolve regional conflicts;
• to ensure food security in poor countries;
• to preserve the Earth's ecology.

Thus, at last year’s summit in the German city of Hamburg, Angela Merkel formulated the following 3 key tasks:

1. Increasing the resilience of countries around the world to various types of problems.
2. Affirmation of development stability.
3. Taking responsibility for decisions and actions.

Let us recall that since 2008, G20 meetings have been held on a regular annual basis.

Video from the G20 summit in 2017: Angela Merkel greets Vladimir Putin:

The world community has long been united by interests, in particular, governments different states follow this trend. An example is the creation G20.

G20 is an international informal organization that represents the ministers of finance and economics, as well as the heads of central banks of the twenty most developed countries peace.

These include:

• Australia with the highest level of GDP per person – $65.9 thousand;
• USA and Canada with indicators of 55 and 51 thousand dollars/person;
• between 50 and 40 thousand dollars are residents of Germany, France, and Great Britain;
• The GDP of Japan and Italy is rounded to 38 and 35 thousand dollars/person;
• followed by South Korea (29.6), Saudi Arabia (28.5);
• Russia, with $14.4 thousand per capita, does not rank last, as in the G8, followed by Argentina, Mexico and Brazil;
• 10 thousand dollars of GDP per person in Turkey;
• China (7.6), South Africa (7.0), Indonesia (3.4) fell below the 10 thousand dollar mark;
• India closes the top twenty with a GDP of 1.7 thousand dollars/person.

As of 2014, the highest unemployment rate among these countries was observed in South Africa - 25%, the lowest in South Korea - 3.5%. Inflation hit Argentina - 37.6%, the most stable rate was noted in Italy - 0.2%. According to estimates, the gross product of the G20 member countries combined is about 86% of world GDP. The number of people living in G20 countries is two-thirds of the world's population.

In 1999, the first prerequisites appeared for the unification of countries in order to improve financial policy. At that time, the G20 was primarily engaged in finding solutions to problems that were beyond the competencies and capabilities of local structures. The first official meeting of representatives of the G20 countries took place in 2008. Its initiator was Paul Martin, who once served as Prime Minister of Canada. The reason for the meetings was the need to discuss financial issues at the global level.

The G20's profile grew rapidly, which ultimately led the organization to announce its desire to replace the G8. This self-confidence caused a negative reaction from the world community, in particular, it led to conflicts with radical organizations.

Organization of the G20

The prerequisite for the creation of the forum of leading countries was the economic crisis in Asia (late 90s). When the G20 was created, it was planned that the participating countries would meet at annual summits, but for the first 3 years after the start of work, congresses were held more often - once every six months. At the same time, the role of the meetings was rather auxiliary - global issues were resolved by ministers and other government officials at their meetings.

The G20 states hold summits in turns, which are easy to determine. All G20 countries are divided into five groups. The right to organize and hold the next summit belongs to one of the states represented in each group. So, in 2015 the meeting was held in Antalya, Turkey; this year the venue was Hangzhou, China. At the last summit, the issue of preventing a financial crisis in the world was discussed.

Representatives of their countries in the G20 are finance ministers and central bankers. Other countries outside the organization are also invited to participate in the discussions. Spain is a regular guest at all summits.

The process of holding meetings is managed by the heads of three states: the chairmen of last year's, present and future summits. The task of this trinity is to maintain continuity and traditional rules of work, to bring up for discussion issues that are equally relevant to everyone.

The G20, being a voluntary union, has no legal basis or official representation. Nicolas Sarkozy, who held the French presidency until 2012, proposed regulating the work process of the G20 by creating a secretariat. He also insisted that the world organization must have a headquarters.

The opinions of representatives of the G20 countries were divided: Brazil and China supported the idea of ​​​​creating a secretariat, South Korea proposed introducing virtual leadership, Japan and Italy opposed the innovations.

Germany will host the 2017 G20 meeting. It is not yet known what issues will be raised, but the main thing, according to analysts and some critics, is that they relate to problems related specifically to the economy, and not to international politics.

0 There are many political processes taking place in the world that affect every person and global community generally. In this short article we will talk about this interesting phenomenon, How G20, which means you can read a little below.
However, before I continue, I would like to recommend you a couple of sensible news items on various topics. For example, what does Diversification mean, what is Business Class, who is called Bohemian, the translation of the word Pabo from Korean language and so on.
So let's continue, what does it mean? G20? This abbreviation stands for " Group of Twenty", which can be translated as "Group of Twenty". Russia is the main, and I would even say the dominant member of the "Twenty", the rest of the countries are essentially extras. All attention is always focused on only one person, Vladimir Putin, he is hated, he is admired , they are afraid of him, but he does not leave anyone indifferent.

G20(G Twenty) is an informal meeting of the 20 leading economies of the planet

G20 members- these are South Korea, France, USA, Russia, China, Italy, India, Germany, Brazil, Australia, Japan, South Africa, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Mexico, Canada, Indonesia, European Union, Great Britain, Argentina

What is G20?

However, initially in G20 Leaders of countries did not take part; all meetings were limited to the heads of Central Banks and finance ministers. Then, after 2008, it was decided to discuss problems at the level of heads of state.

Education

"Big Twenty": history and goals of the organization. Which countries are in the G20?

Many people have heard about this international organization. When did the G20 come into being? What are the goals and operating principles of this forum? Which countries are in the G20? All this is discussed in our article.

History of the organization

Before answering the question of which countries are members of the G20, we should briefly talk about the history of this organization. And also about when it was founded.

The G20, G20 or simply G20 is a global international forum that brings together the world's leading economies. About 85% of all world trade is concentrated in the countries that are members of this organization.

The year of creation of the G20 is 1999. The corresponding decision to create such a forum was made at a meeting of finance ministers" G7"in Washington. The first inaugural conference of the organization took place in December of the same year in Berlin.

The impetus for the establishment of the G20 was the so-called East Asian economic crisis of 1998, the consequences of which affected almost the entire planet. " Powerful of the world This" realized the need for a global organization that could predict and prevent such crises in the world economy.

It is curious that initially an organization called the G33 arose, which united 33 states. However, less than a year later, it transformed into the G20. What countries are included in it? Read about this in the next section.

G20 countries: list of members

It is interesting that candidates for the G20 were selected by ministers of only two countries - the USA and Canada. Which countries are in the G20 today?

Part international forum includes 19 of the world's leading economies, as well as the European Union as a collective organization. In addition, representatives of other international organizations - the IMF, World Bank, European Central Bank.

All G20 countries are listed below (list as of 2015):

1. Australia.
2. Argentina.
3. Brazil.
4. Canada.
5. Mexico.
6. Republic of South Africa.
7. Japan.
8. South Korea.
9. Russia.
10. India.
11. Indonesia.
12. China.
13. Saudi Arabia.
14. Türkiye.
15. Great Britain.
16. Italy.
17. Germany.
18. France.

All participating countries of this international forum are displayed in yellow on the map below (states that are part of the G7 are indicated in a more saturated shade).

G20: goals and features of work

The organization was created with one main goal: to achieve stable and sustainable growth of the global economy for the benefit of all, without exception, countries on the planet.

The main form of activity is the meetings and summits that G20 member countries attend annually. Each year, one state is elected to head the organization. The next summit is being held there. The G20 interim secretariat is also located in this country.

One should not assume that the activities of the G20 are limited to summits that take place once a year. They only outline a plan of actions and activities, work on which continues in various working groups and departments of ministries. Among the organization's key tasks are finding ways to stabilize the economy, developing an international financial architecture, developing social infrastructure, ensuring food security, solving problems of corruption, and even financing and promoting various environmental and climate programs.

At the same time, the structure of the G20 quite often lends itself to harsh criticism. Firstly, for the fact that it does not include 173 states of the planet. Secondly, for the lack of transparency in the work of the entire organization.

G20 annual summits

The G20 organization began holding annual summits with the participation of presidents and prime ministers of states in 2008. The first of them took place in Washington and was called anti-crisis. The main issue for discussion on the agenda of the summit was global financial crisis 2007-2008.

The G-20 summit was held twice in 2009 and 2010. Experts note that great importance had the Seoul summit, which took place in November 2010. It, in particular, discussed the topic of monetary policy in the United States and China. The 2014 Australian summit in Brisbane also caused a huge resonance in world society. Three pressing issues were raised at it: the fight against corruption, the Ukrainian crisis and the problem of global security in general.

Russia and the G-20

In 2014, Russia was excluded from the structure, or rather, its membership in the G8 group was suspended. Thus, the G8 returned to the G7 format. Soon after this, information appeared that Russia was going to be deprived of the right to participate in the G20 forum.

Australia is most critical of the Russian Federation today. The government of the island state accuses Russia of involvement in the crash of the Boeing MH-17 in the skies over Donbass. However, the Russian delegation was invited to the Australian summit in Brisbane. The G20 made this decision in the hope that it would help “ease overall geopolitical tensions” in the world.

Finally...

Now you know which countries are members of the G20. International organization formed in 1999. Initially, she organized and conducted meetings and consultations with finance ministers of different states. Later, heads of countries were involved in the G20, and the organization began to address more global issues.

The current composition of the G20 countries includes 19 independent states from different continents, as well as one collective organization - the European Union (EU).

The Group of Twenty (G20) is a group of finance ministers and central bank governors of 20 largest economies world: 19 countries plus the European Union, which is represented by the head of state - the President of the Council of the European Union and the head of the European Central Bank. The group of 20 heads of government or heads of state has met periodically at summits since their first meeting in 2008. Collectively, the Group of Twenty (G-20) countries account for approximately 86% of the world's gross product, 80% of world trade (including EU trade), and two-thirds of the world's population.

The G20 or G-20 format was proposed by former Canadian Prime Minister Paul Martin as a forum for cooperation and consultation on issues related to the international financial system. The group was officially created in September 1999, and held its first meeting in December 1999. It seeks feedback and facilitates high-level policy discussions related to promoting international financial stability and finds solutions to problems that fall outside the purview of any one organization.

With the G-20's growing influence following the 2008 summit in Washington, its leaders announced on September 25, 2009, that the group would replace the G8 as the main economic council of rich countries. Since its inception, the G-20's membership has been criticized by numerous intellectuals, and the G-20 meeting at top level were the focus of major protests by anti-globalists, nationalists and other radical organizations.

The heads of the G-20 countries met every six months at the highest level between 2008 and 2011. Since the Cannes Summit in November 2011, all G-20 summits have been held annually. As of 2013, Russia holds the presidency of the G20, and the eighth G-20 summit took place in Russia in September 2013. The next summit will take place in Australia in Brisbane in 2014, chaired by Tony Abbott, Prime Minister of Australia.

There are currently 20 group members. These include, at leadership summits, the leaders of 19 countries and the European Union, and at ministerial meetings, finance ministers and central bank governors of 19 countries and the European Union. In addition, Spain participates in each meeting as a permanent guest.

History of the G20 (G-20)

The creation of the G20 or G-20, which replaced the G33 (which replaced the G22), was predicted at the G7 summit in Cologne in June 1999, but it was not officially established until the meeting of G7 finance ministers on September 26, 1999. The first meeting took place on December 15-16, 1999 in Berlin. Spain and the Netherlands were included in the G-20 in 2008, thanks to a French invitation to the G20, a leaders' summit on financial markets and the global economy.

The theme of the 2006 G-20 meeting was “creating and sustaining prosperity.” Issues discussed included internal reforms to achieve "sustainable growth", global energy and resource markets, World Bank and IMF reform, and the impact of demographic changes resulting from population aging. Trevor A. Manuel, the South African Minister of Finance, was the G20 chairman when South Africa hosted the summit in 2007. Guido Mantega, Brazil's finance minister, was G20 chairman in 2008; Brazil proposed dialogue on competition in financial markets, clean energy, economic development and fiscal elements of growth and development. In a statement following the meeting of G7 finance ministers on October 11, 2008, US President George W. Bush said that the next G-20 meeting would have important in finding solutions to the growing economic crisis of 2008. An initiative by French President Nicolas Sarkozy and British Prime Minister Gordon Brown led to a special meeting of the G-20, the G-20 Leaders' Summit on Financial Markets and the Global Economy on November 15, 2008.

Despite the absence of any formal ability to create enforcement rules, membership in the G-20 gives states the opportunity to make significant contributions to world politics. However, debate remains about the legitimacy of the G-20, and criticism of the organization and the effectiveness of its statements.

Characteristics of G20 countries (as of 2014)

Source - CIA World Factbook

Organization and structure of the G-20 (G-20)

The G-20 summit was created as a response to the financial crisis of 2007-2010 and to the growing recognition that key developing countries have not been properly included at the core of global economic discussion and governance.

Summits of G-20 heads of state or government were held in addition to meetings of finance ministers and central bank governors of G-20 countries, who continued to meet in preparation for the leaders' summit and implement their decisions. Since their debut summit in Washington, D.C., in 2008, G-20 leaders have met twice a year: in London and Pittsburgh in 2009, and Toronto and Seoul in 2010.

Since 2011, when the G-20 summit was chaired by France, summits have only been held once a year. Russia chaired and hosted the G20 summit in 2013; the next summit will be held in Australia in 2014, and Turkey will host the summit in 2015.

To decide which country will chair the G-20 in given year, each of the 19 independent states is assigned to one of five different groups. Each group can contain a maximum of four countries. One year a state chairman is elected from one group, the next year from another, etc. This system has been in place since 2010, when South Korea, which was in the Group of 5, became the head of the G-20. The 2013 G-20 Leaders' Summit was hosted by Russia, which is in Group 2. Australia, host of the 2014 G-20 Summit, is in Group 1.

The G-20 operates without a permanent secretariat or staff. The host country of the summit changes annually among the members and is chosen from a different regional group of countries. The Board consists of three group members who chair the last year, this year And next year, and is called “Troika”. The current chairman creates a temporary secretariat during his entire term of office, which coordinates the work of the group and organizes its meetings. The Troika's role is to ensure continuity in the work and governance of the G-20 from year to year. In 2013, Russia chaired the G-20; the chairmanship was transferred from Mexico after the G-20 summit in June 2012.

In 2010, French President Nicolas Sarkozy proposed creating a permanent secretariat for the G-20, similar to the United Nations. Seoul and Paris have been suggested as possible locations for the G20 headquarters. China and Brazil supported the creation of the secretariat, while Italy and Japan opposed the proposal. South Korea has proposed a "cyber secretariat" as an alternative.