Large landing ship Alexander Green. A ship at a crossroads: the commissioning of the large landing ship "Ivan Gren" is not a dot, but an ellipsis ...

On August 31, 2016, the lead ship of project 11711 "Ivan Gren" completed the testing of the aviation complex in the Gulf of Finland and on September 2 returned to the delivery base in Baltiysk, where the preparation of the ship for the next exit to the sea began.
During the ship's anchorage, a group of journalists, thanks to the active assistance of the press service of the plant and the press service Baltic Fleet managed to visit it on board and make a detailed photo essay about the new ship.

The ship was laid down on December 23, 2004 in the city of Kaliningrad at the Yantar Baltic Shipbuilding Plant under serial number 01301.

The project was developed in the traditional designer of large landing ships - JSC "Nevskoye Design Bureau" in St. Petersburg in the period from 1988 to 2004 to replace the obsolete BDK projects 775 and 1171. The bureau is headed by General Director and General Designer Viglin A.O., and the chief designer of the project is Suvorov V.N. The ship is intended for landing on an unequipped coast, as well as for the transfer of cargo by sea in the near and far ocean zone and participation in peacekeeping operations.

The BDK is able to implement the following methods of disembarking equipment: directly onto an unequipped shore using a bow landing gear or afloat both through the bow and stern ramps or using a Ka-29 assault and transport helicopter. The beam crane, located between the five-tier bow and four-tier aft superstructures, allows you to unload light equipment and cargo on the quay wall or on floating landing craft under the side of the ship. The innovation is a new non-contact method, which involves the use of engineering pontoons, similar to those used ground troops when forcing water barriers. A floating bridge is formed from several pontoons, along which heavy and light equipment can move and land directly on the shore, which has a slope of less than 3 degrees. This method has long been used abroad, but in the domestic fleet it is used for the first time. Also, an innovation for the domestic fleet is the possibility of transporting 20-foot sea containers with any type of cargo, made according to international standards, on the upper deck and unloading them onto watercraft or a mooring wall.

The ship is two-shaft, two-deck, with a forecastle, poop, aft engine room, two superstructures and a through, from bow to stern, landing hold, which accommodates mobile military equipment. The hull and superstructure are steel. Since the ship is designed for long-term patrols with landing troops on board, the comfortable placement of the landing party is of no small importance. Multi-seat cabins with three-tier berths, a sports hall, comfortable showers and washbasins are provided for landing. A special ventilation system is provided to ensure warming up of the engines of equipment located on the lower deck. A hangar for 1 Ka-29 helicopter is provided in the aft superstructure, but due to the fact that the hangar design has a retractable part towards the helipad, it is possible to base two helicopters, but the use of the second one while the first one is in the air will be difficult.

The unique appearance of the ship is given by a developed tank with a large bend and elevation above the waterline, the design and dimensions of which are due to the use of engineering pontoons for a new non-contact landing method, as well as the use of a bulb-type hydrodynamic nose fairing in the underwater part of the ship. The draft of the ship without cargo is 4.6 m at the bow and 5.0 m at the stern.

In the process of completing the construction of the ship, the project was adjusted 3 times in terms of changing the composition of weapons, electronic equipment and changing the performance characteristics, and due to the short supply of documentation and counterparty equipment, the order completion dates were postponed more than once. According to the original project, it was planned to equip the ship with a new 100-mm A-190M artillery system and two Broadsword anti-aircraft artillery systems; two rocket launchers were provided for landing fire support salvo fire A-215 Grad-M. As a result, due to the requirement put forward already in the process of construction to save budget funds and reduce construction time, the armament was significantly reduced and the task of providing fire support to the landing force from the ship was removed. The installed weapons include two artillery systems of a similar purpose and the same caliber - a bow 30-mm gun mount AK-630M-2 "Duet" and two aft 30-mm gun mounts AK-630M with a fire control system 5P-10-03 "Laska". Such a composition of weapons is not typical for other ships of the Russian Navy and is rather a compromise between the necessity and capabilities of the state defense order. Two 14.5-mm heavy machine guns MTPU "Sting" provided by the project and portable MANPADS were not installed during sea trials.

"Ivan Gren" is able to take on board 13 main battle tanks, which are in service with the Russian Armed Forces, or 36 units of tracked or wheeled military equipment in the dimensions of an infantry fighting vehicle, as well as 300-380 troops with weapons, ammunition and ammunition. The total mass of various cargoes taken on board the ship is up to 1500 tons.

The main power plant consists of two DRRA-3700 diesel-reverse-gear units based on a 10D49 diesel engine with a turbocharging control system SUTN-10060, working on a fixed-pitch propeller, providing the ship with a speed of up to 18 knots. The effective power of one unit is 5200 hp. Each engine room has two auxiliary diesel generators ADG-1000NK as part of the diesel engine 8DM-21S. One diesel generator provides all the electricity needs in standby mode, two diesel generators provide guaranteed power in combat mode.

On May 18, 2012, the ship was launched, and a decision was announced to build a series of six such ships, but after the laying of the second ship, called Pyotr Morgunov, the series was reduced to two units. The decision on the further construction of similar ships will be made after comprehensive tests of the lead one. Also in 2003, the development of export version BDK - project 11711E.

On June 25, 2016, the large landing ship "Ivan Gren" went to sea for the first time as part of factory sea trials in the Baltic Sea ranges. And on August 15, 2016, Ivan Gren anchored in the waters of the Gulf of Finland to board the Ka-29 helicopter and test the aviation complex. Due to the breakdown of the material part of the helicopter, the tests began only on August 23, who arrived from the Yeisk 859th Center combat use and training of the flight personnel of the Naval Aviation of the Russian Navy, the Ka-29 helicopter, tail number 38 "yellow", registration number RF-34194, made 24 landings on the deck on the first day.

During the test program in the Gulf of Finland, the ship had to perform the first rescue operation in its life. On August 29, at around 15:00, a small-sized private boat "Shved" passing by the ship with registration number Р7246ЛХ gave a distress signal and requested help. The boat was traveling from Finland to St. Petersburg and got into a storm of 3-4 points with a wind of up to 12 m per second. Unexpectedly for the captain of the vessel, the anchor was knocked out of the anchor hawse by waves and the entire anchor-chain was thrown overboard, which had to be cut due to a malfunction of the capstan device. Passengers on board, including two children, were severely swayed. The boat was poorly controlled on a wave, but had a course and communication. The captain of the boat asked the commander to lift the boat on board, but since he did not have a special launching device, there was a threat to break the boat on board during heavy roughness when lifting. Given the current situation, the commander of the ship decided to cover the boat from the waves and, putting it in the wake, escorted it to a safe area, maintaining constant communication on VHF. Two miles from the shallow coast of Zelenogorsk, the BDK handed over the victim to the forces of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, who moored the boat in the waters of the Zelenogorsk yacht club at about 20:00.

On September 2, the ship arrived in Kaliningrad to eliminate the identified remarks. But, unfortunately, the expected entry of the ship into the Navy this year may not take place. Measurements of the levels of physical fields showed that the currents created in the demagnetizing windings do not provide the values ​​stated in the terms of reference electromagnetic field. This is due to the erroneous choice of brand and section of current-carrying cables. To replace them, it will be necessary to put the ship in a dry dock and carry out complex hull work.

Tactical and technical characteristics of the ship.
Full displacement - 6000 tons.
Main dimensions (max. length x width x draft) - 120x16.5x5.0 meters.
Full speed without load - 18 knots.
Cruising range at 16 knots - 3500 miles.
Crew - 100 people.
Autonomy - 30 days.
Radar - MR-352 "Poditiv".

Stern ramp.

Above the welded letters with the name of the ship, a conductor cable for the refloating device is laid.

View of the bow superstructure and navigation bridge.

anchor device.

Artillery mount AK-630M1-2 "Duet", manufactured by "AK" Tulamashzavod ". On the tank from the starboard side, a platform is visible, on which, according to the original project, it was planned to install the A-215 Grad-M launcher.

View of the bow superstructure and antenna posts.

Walking bridge. In the center - the place of the watch helmsman.

Left side of the bridge. Optoelectronic unit UV-450 of the external surveillance and target designation system. Adjusting the image and pointing the sight is carried out using the joystick.

View from the navigation bridge to the forecastle of the ship and the bow gun mount.

Installation of a 120-mm PK-10 "Brave" jamming system and a ship searchlight.

View of right wing bridge.

View of the portside waist, access to the wing of the bridge.

The interior of the staff canteen.

View of the bow superstructure from the roof of the helicopter hangar.

View of the helipad and aft superstructure. The aft superstructure is formed around the helicopter hangar, it contains a medical unit, air ducts and gas ducts of the engine room, turret compartments of aft artillery installations and a flight control post.

AT last years The policy of the Russian Federation in the naval field has undergone significant changes. Now it provides for the activities of the Navy to protect national interests in various areas of the World Ocean. The effectiveness of the actions of the forces of the fleet depends, among other things, on the possibilities for landing an amphibious assault.

Naturally, for landing in remote areas, large-tonnage vehicles are required. These tasks in the Navy are traditionally assigned to large landing ships (LDS). The newest representative of this class is the BDK project 11711 "Ivan Gren".

History of creation

At the end of the 90s, the Navy needed to replace the morally and physically obsolete BDK project 1171. This series was built in 1964-1975. Now only four of these ships remain in service.

In 1998, the Nevskoye Design Bureau began the development of a Project 11711 medium landing ship. The fleet was ready to order a series of six units. These ships were to operate in the coastal and near sea zones (at a distance of up to 500 miles). In addition, their use in the "river-sea" mode was envisaged. To this end, the original design made it possible for the ship to pass through locks and bridges. major rivers.

Obviously, the fleet made such low demands on the project for financial reasons. In addition, there was a trend towards a decrease in Russia's foreign policy influence. Therefore, the construction of ships in the oceanic zone was considered not relevant in the Navy.

Over time, the command of the fleet revised its requirements.

It was decided to increase the displacement of landing ships of the Ivan Gren type to 5,000 tons or more. This allowed them to be reclassified into the BDK. New in the project was a non-contact method of landing. It provides for the landing of troops along a pontoon ferry, induced from the landing ship to the shore.

During the six-year phase of work on the project, the requirements for the BDK have changed several times. In particular, the initial composition of weapons was reduced. Because of this, the ship lost the ability to strike along the coast. It is believed that this was done out of economy. But foreign analogues have similar weapons, although they are less limited in funds.

The slipway construction phase of the BDK continued for another eight years. Among the reasons for the delay is the lack of funding and qualified specialists. At the same time, the plant was building a frigate for the Indian Navy. Apparently, the management of the enterprise gave priority to the export project.

The completion stage of the Ivan Gren large landing ship, including mooring trials and dock work, was carried out for another four years. During this period, the ship received a crew and tail number 135.

Tests - running and state - lasted almost a year. Such a delay is explained by the unsatisfactory working out of the reverse course by the ship. According to some reports, this shortcoming has not been completely eliminated. Changing the positions of the main diesel engines on the second large landing ship of this project will help to correct the situation. This is enough complicated operation will take several months. If successful, Ivan Gren will also be reworked.

The decision to build the next hull - the Pyotr Morgunov large landing craft - was made by the fleet command on 09/01/2014.

In 2015, the command of the Navy announced a decision to reduce the series from six to two units. The program was stopped, possibly due to the non-compliance of this project with the requirements. It is possible that the fleet gives priority to the creation of universal landing ships.

Features of the project 11711

The new BDK was based on the developments under the project 1171 "Tapir". With minor changes, the body of the predecessor was used. This choice was facilitated by the successful experience of its operation. The well-established hull assembly technology made it possible to reduce the cost of building a large landing ship.

The project received a new superstructure and a helicopter hangar.

The ship has a helipad, which provides takeoff and landing of helicopters weighing up to 12 tons. The layout of the BDK interior was changed in order to optimize the movement of cargo. In addition, the living conditions of the project were improved (kubricks for the crew and troops, a gym).

During the construction, new materials and technologies were used to reduce the radar visibility of the ship. However, according to Western publications, this did not have the same effect as on NATO landing ships.

Project 11711 provides for two ways of loading landing equipment on board. The main one - under its own power along the ramps and the auxiliary one - with the help of a crane (16 tons) through the cargo hatch. The hatch also provides ventilation for the cargo hold. This makes it possible to warm up the engines of armored vehicles in advance of landing, which is safe for the health of the crews. Two lifeboat cranes are designed to lift the craft aboard the landing ship.

Landing will be carried out by means of a bow landing device (ramp) - directly onto the shore or into the water. If it is impossible for the BDK to get close to the land, a non-contact landing method is used. In this case, a chain of pontoons is released from the cargo hold and connects the BDK with the shore.

There is also the possibility of landing with the help of two landing craft and two Ka-29 multipurpose helicopters.

To base the latest BDK has a full-size hangar. Instead of two Ka-29s, one attack Ka-52K can be in the hangar.

The main power plant (GEM) includes two diesel-reverse-gear units DRRA3700. They are designed to rotate two fixed pitch propellers.
DRRA3700 includes:

• 16-cylinder V-shaped diesel engine 10D49. It is turbocharged and develops 5200 hp;
• vibration-isolating couplings for joining a diesel engine with a gearbox and a gearbox with a shaft line;
• reversible reducer RRP6000;
• digital control unit "Purga-11". It also provides the ability to diagnose the installation and train personnel in an interactive mode.
  The ship is also equipped with two ADG-1000NK diesel generators with a capacity of 1000 kW each.

Armament

Unlike its predecessors, the BDK of project 11711 has only anti-aircraft artillery systems (ZAK). Among them are ZAK AK-630M-2 "Duet" in the bow of the superstructure and two AK-630M in the stern of the helicopter hangar. Their main purpose is the fight against enemy anti-ship missiles.

Both complexes are based on automatic six-barreled gun caliber 30 mm AO-18.

It provides a range of fire at air targets up to 4000 m and a rate of fire up to 5000 rounds per minute.

ZAK AK-630M-2 "Duet" - a two-automatic installation with the possibility of using one or two automatic machines at the same time. Its rate of fire reaches 10 thousand high / min. Fire control is carried out by the Vympel-AM2 system according to the MR-123AM2 radar.

The KM-11-1 laser designator can also be used in conjunction with the LDM-1 Kreyser rangefinder.

Tactical and technical elements (TTE) of large landing ships

* The Western press indicates the total displacement of the project up to 6000–6600 tons.

From their "classmates" BDK type "Ivan Gren" differ in greater displacement. However, this does not significantly affect its landing capabilities. The indicated number of paratroopers (300 people) does not correspond to either a company (as for the Type 072-III project) or a battalion (Project 1171).

Presumably, the large landing ship "Ivan Gren" is still designed for the landing of a battalion marines(more than 400 people). Or it will be able to land a full-fledged landing only in conjunction with other landing ships.

In terms of its armament, the Ivan Gren BDK is significantly weaker than its domestic counterparts, but close to foreign ones.

Battle path

Due to the short service life of the Ivan Gren large landing ship, it was possible to participate in only two naval parades in 2017 and 2018.

The prospect of project 11711 can be assessed based on its advantages and disadvantages.

New project in terms of its TFC, it does not fundamentally differ from its predecessors. The main advantages of the BDK type "Ivan Gren" are:

• helicopter hangar;
• means for non-contact landing;
• improved habitability.

All this could be achieved as part of the modernization of existing BDK projects. As for aviation capabilities, Ivan Gren cannot be compared with an amphibious helicopter carrier. The ability to transport standard containers cannot be taken seriously as an advantage. Container ships have long been invented for this.

The disadvantages of the project 11711 include:

• obsolescence;
• impossibility to demagnetize the housing in accordance with the design assignment;
• insufficient strength of the hull structure;
• reverse problems.

As a result, the Northern (121 brigades of landing ships) and the Black Sea fleets will receive one new landing ship each. This will be an insignificant (by one unit) gain, and not a qualitative leap in the area of ​​the Navy's landing capabilities.

Meanwhile, the management of the Yantar plant is considering the export prospects of Project 11711 landing ships. But the external market puts forward increased requirements for the BDK:

• full displacement - not less than 6000 tons;
• landing capacity - up to 500 marines;
• equipping the ship with a docking chamber for a landing hovercraft.

Place BDK type "Ivan Gren" in the Russian Navy

The process and result of the work on the creation of this project is an example of an ill-conceived approach to the construction of the fleet. There was a simple replenishment of obsolete ships with slightly modernized counterparts.

Obviously, the need to operate in the Oceanic zone requires a qualitative increase in the combat capabilities of the fleet. Half measures in the form of a large landing ship "Ivan Gren" or "mosquito" fleet with missiles "Caliber" - a waste of money. Promising direction, for example, the construction of universal landing ships of the Surf project may become.

Video

On June 20, a large landing craft Ivan Gren. Hooray? Based on the replica “Tormented!”, which is often found on naval Internet resources in relation to the new BDK, then not really.

Let's try to figure out why the raising of the St. Andrew's flag over the head large landing ship of project 11711 was perceived by many as a "holiday with tears in their eyes", and the Ivan Gren itself was like a ship at a crossroads.

Awareness of the problem

The consequences of the collapse of the USSR by the beginning of the 21st century came back to haunt with an almost landslide reduction in the ship composition of the Navy of the Russian Federation. Large landing ships were among the victims. Of the three largest BDK project 1174 (total displacement of 14060 tons), all three left the "game". Of the 14 old BDKs of project 1171 (total displacement 4360 tons), 4 remained. Of the 27 BDKs of project 775 (total displacement of 4400 tons), 15 survived in service.

At the same time, it was the BDKs that turned out to be perhaps the most popular warships of the Navy. True, this was explained not by the fact that our Fleet had to continuously land amphibious assaults, but by the fact that this very Fleet did not have troop transports. In the role of such, and had to use the surviving BDK. At the same time, of course, they were wasting their precious resource and certainly weren’t getting any younger…

The need to build new BDK to replace the ships Soviet era was fully realized by the command of the Russian Navy at the end of the "dashing nineties". But what kind of landing craft does the Navy need? Answering this question was not as easy as it might seem.

For example, in the United States, the idea of ​​landing people and equipment on an unequipped coast directly from large landing ships was already considered an anachronism by this time. A large ship is a large target. To drive a large landing craft directly to the enemy's shore meant deliberately exposing it to attack. Therefore, the US Navy was actively engaged in developing the doctrine of "over-the-horizon landing" and "vertical coverage."

According to her, the landing ship remained out of sight from the enemy shore, and high-speed boats and helicopters based on the "paratrooper" were engaged in the landing of people and equipment. Specially for this doctrine, universal landing ships with a total displacement of more than 40,000 tons were built in the United States, capable of carrying not only several dozen helicopters and vertical take-off and landing aircraft, but also 12 landing craft with the possibility of replacing a dozen landing craft with a trio of DKA hovercraft.

The Soviet Navy, at the peak of its development, also began to "get close" to something similar. For this reason, the BDK of project 1174 was laid down with four Ka-29 helicopters each. In addition to helicopters, these BDKs could also receive a variety of landing craft into the dock chamber. But the use of gas turbine units and the shortcomings of the overall layout predetermined the short life of the project 1174 large landing craft in the Russian Navy. These ships, due to objective reasons, quickly moved into the category of slow-moving ones ...

Leapfrog on the slipway

So what to build? After some thought, the command of the Russian Navy decided to abandon the logical idea of ​​\u200b\u200bbuilding an improved version of the BDK of project 1174: it was extremely expensive and difficult (recall, the 1990s were in the yard). An alternative and relatively cheap option for building military transport in the hull of some kind of ro-ro ship in the interests of the Navy also did not arouse interest in the command of the Fleet. In general, they wanted to get new "paratroopers" to replace the old "paratroopers", but for what specific tasks, it seems, no one really imagined this. Therefore, the terms of reference for the new ship turned out to be rather vague. From the series “Go there, I don’t know where, and build something there, I don’t know what.”

The design of the future BDK project 11711 began according to the terms of reference of the Russian Navy in 1998 at the Nevsky Design Bureau in St. Petersburg. Since finances at that time openly sang romances, at first it was generally about building something very small, such as a new medium landing ship. But pretty fast common sense won, and, apparently, funds were found, so the project of the new landing ship was reformulated precisely in the BDK project.

For the sake of speeding up the design, it was decided to use for the new BDK the dimensions and contours of the hull of the well-proven BDK project 1171 (built in 1964-1975). This limited the displacement of the future new BDK to 5,000 tons. In general, the Nevsky PKB turned out to be a classic Soviet BDK. However, there were differences: two (bow and aft) superstructures instead of one, a helicopter hangar, a pair of Ka-29 helicopters, as well as improved living conditions for the crew and troops.

December 23, 2004 at the Yantar shipyard in Kaliningrad, the first BDK of project 11711, named Ivan Gren, was laid down. Then the mess began. The command of the Navy, with enviable constancy, changed its views on the future use of the Gren, which led to constant adjustments to the project that had already begun with the construction of the ship.

For example, initially the armament of the BDK was supposed to consist of a 100-mm A-190M gun mount, two Broadsword anti-aircraft artillery systems and two launchers multiple launch rocket system A-215 "Grad-M". But then all this "splendor" shrank down to one two-automatic 30-mm automatic gun mount "Duet", a pair of 30-mm six-barreled automatic gun mounts AK-630M, a pair of 14.5-mm pedestal machine gun mounts "Sting" and a set of fired passive jamming.

In addition, it was originally assumed that the BDK would land the equipment on the shore "contactlessly". That is, before reaching the shore, it will anchor, lower the bow ramp and build a pontoon bridge from it to the shore. Then the idea of ​​"non-contact" was abandoned. Then they returned to her. Then ... Well, in general, you understand.

All this over and over again “cut” the project and the ship under construction “on the live”, in every possible way pushing back the deadlines for completion. At the same time, stealth technologies began to be introduced into the design of the ship. At the same time, funding cuts began. At the same time, Russia began to think about acquiring the Mistral economy-class amphibious assault ships from France, which called into question the need to complete the construction of the main BDK of project 11711 ...

The perseverance of the brave...

Initially, it was assumed that the Navy would receive the Grena back in 2008. In fact, the new BDK was launched and started its further completion only on May 18, 2012.

True, the situation was somewhat brightened up by the fact that in 2010 the Yantar plant received a contract for the construction of another large landing ship of project 11711. The plant received the contract, but ... But then the well-known events of 2014 in Crimea happened, which backfired, firstly, the refusal of Paris to give Moscow the Mistrals built for it, and secondly, the refusal of a number of Western suppliers to ship for the Gren necessary for Russia equipment.

On the one hand, the loss of the Mistrals again brought to the fore the theme of the speedy commissioning of the Grena for the Russian Navy. On the other hand, the solution of the problems with import substitution again shifted to the right the deadlines for the completion of the lead BDK of project 11711 and did not allow to start laying the second BDK of the same project.

By the summer of 2015, the task of adapting project 11711 to domestic equipment was generally solved. At the same time, the Syrian Express was “gaining momentum”, so that each BDK for the Russian Navy turned out to be literally worth its weight in gold. Together, these circumstances contributed to the fact that on June 11, 2015, the second BDK of project 11711 was finally laid down. It was named "Pyotr Morgunov".

It was assumed that the Russian Navy would receive 6 BDKs of project 11711. However, not the most joyful picture of the Grena stuck at the factory pier, which at the time of laying the Morgunov was not only still being completed, but also continued to be redone, reduced naval optimism regarding this project. As a result, a decision was made to reduce the series of new BDKs to Gren and Morgunov "in view of the decision to create larger ships of a new generation." According to representatives of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, the displacement of the new generation large landing ship will exceed 14,000 tons ...

Simply put, three years ago the command of the Russian Navy returned to the point from which project 11771 started in 1998. The fleet needed an improved version of the Soviet BDK project 1174, capable of "over-the-horizon landing" and "vertical coverage"!

And here's something else for those who don't understand. Reducing the series from six ships to two did not significantly reduce the cost of building the BDK project 11711, leaving it very high.

While the Krylov State Research Center, encouraged by the return of the fashion for BDK-helicopter carriers to the Russian Navy, staged presentations of desktop models of domestic universal landing ships of the future, held under the codes "Priboy" and "Avalanche", the "Gren" was completed on the "Yantar" and the "Morgunov" was built. After the fantastic funds and effort spent since 1998 on the design and creation of the BDK project 11771, the Navy simply had to get at least something! .. Let this “something” have already been transferred to the category of unpromising projects by reducing the series to two ships.

June 21, 2016 "Ivan Gren" was finally able to go to the factory, and after them to the state tests. They were, to put it mildly, difficult. This is clear at least from the fact that the acceptance act on the completion of the state tests of "Ivan Gren" was signed only on June 2, 2018.

According to information that was not officially confirmed, the Gren experienced problems with stability, an insufficient sector of fire for artillery mounts, degaussing, controllability when reversing ... The ship returned to the factory, treated its "childhood diseases", again went to the test, discovered new "jambs" , again headed for the plant ... In a word, we sing a song to the perseverance of the brave.

Then the customer finally accepted the ship.

The main thing is to draw conclusions

If someone thinks that this epic ended on June 20, when St. Andrew's flag was hoisted over Ivan Gren, then he is mistaken. Yes, a new BDK has finally joined the Russian Navy. Yes, by order of the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy, Ivan Gren has already been included in the 121st brigade of ships of the Kola Flotilla of the diverse forces of the fleet. But here's the thing...

At the end of February of this year, information appeared that the right and left diesel engines of the Morgunov BDK would be moved to the port and starboard sides, respectively. Theoretically, this will change the nature of the rotation of the propellers and eliminate the problem with the controllability of the BDK project 11711 when reversing. In case of successful tests on the Morgunov, the profile state commission will decide on similar changes on the lead ship of the series, the Ivan Gren.

"Morgunov" was launched on May 25, 2018 with the prospect of commissioning in 2019. Thus, no one has yet tested the rearranged diesel engines at the Morgunov, which means that the Gren, which has already entered service, still has problems with handling when reversing ...

Of course, the commissioning of the Ivan Gren, and, we hope, the Pyotr Morgunov, is in modern realities a welcome development for the Russian Navy, to put it mildly, not spoiled by the new BDKs. Another thing is that the "paratroopers" of project 11711 had a chance to become much more successful ships ... Well, what can we say about this now. The main thing is to draw the necessary conclusions and not repeat the mistakes already made once, right?

And here we are again returning to the topic of building new landing ships for our Fleet. No, this time we are not talking about project 11711, but about what has already been announced to replace it. Recall that when in 2015 the number of Grenov under construction was reduced to a couple, the new generation large landing ship was seen in the Moscow Region as a ship with a displacement of more than 14,000 tons.

Now let's turn to messages. Russian media dated June 18, 2018. They contain a mention that the Northern Design Bureau was entrusted with the creation of a new draft design of the BDK. This is not about the development of some existing project, but about the creation from scratch of a BDK with a displacement of ... about 8000 tons. Important point- other design bureaus are not involved in this work.

And finally, let's listen to the Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Navy for armaments, Vice Admiral Viktor Bursuk, who immediately after the raising of the Andreevsky flag over the "Gren" stated verbatim the following:

“This year, design bureaus will begin to develop a project for these ships (new BDK. - Approx. FAN). After the design is completed, literally in two years we hope that we will be able to lay this ship on the Yantar.

Viktor Bursuk clarified that the BDK of the new project, planned for laying in 2021, will be the same size as the BDK of Project 11711 Ivan Gren, but it will be improved seaworthiness and equipped with new models of weapons and equipment.

Wait a minute! So what will be the displacement of the new BDK? 14000, 8000 or 5000 tons? Will this ship be designed only by the Northern Design Bureau or will other design bureaus, as Vice Admiral Viktor Bursuk said on June 20, 2018? To solve what problems will the new generation BDK be created for? If the focus is on the transfer of military cargo with the help of the BDK, then isn’t it better to think about specialized military transport? ..

The commissioning of "Ivan Gren" is clearly not a point in the story we have described, but an ellipsis. Questions, as you can see, there are still enough. And most of of which are still unanswered. Nevertheless, one would very much like to hope that the Russian Navy will be able to make the terms of reference for the new generation large landing craft more specific and less vague. Otherwise, the "paratrooper" planned for laying down in 2021 risks repeating the thorny path of project 11711, and the grouping of our aging large landing craft will not wait for a change.

Armament

Built ships

Project 11711 large landing ships- a series of two ships designed at the Nevsky Design Bureau and being built for the Russian Navy at the Yantar shipyard. Designed for the transportation and landing of troops and military equipment.

History of creation

By the beginning of the 2000s, the Russian Navy had about 20 large landing ships of projects 1171 and 775, most of which had a service life of more than 15 years and required replacement in the near future. According to the results scientific research and justifications, the project 11711 large landing ship proposed by the Nevsky Design Bureau was recognized as optimal in the economic realities that existed at that time for the domestic fleet.

Design

The design of the ship began in 1998 according to the terms of reference of the Russian Navy. According to the original plan, it was supposed to create a ship of small displacement, capable of crossing inland waterways. This requirement was lifted by the Navy at the stage of preliminary design with the simultaneous transfer of the ship to the class of large landing ships (BDK) with a displacement of more than 5000 tons with the ability to transport a reinforced company of marines with equipment, as well as basing on the ship two Ka-29 and giving it the ability to land equipment without approaching the coastline by means of pontoons transported by ship. The terms of reference for the design changed three times, the design was carried out for 6 years. General designer project - A. Viglin, chief designer- V.N. Suvorov.

Construction program

As of 2008, a series of five project 11711 BDK units was voiced in the Russian media. The Kommersant newspaper, citing a source in the Russian Ministry of Defense, reported on February 7, 2012 that the amended weapons development program until 2020 provides for the construction of six ships of the project. At the beginning of the summer of 2016, this figure dropped to two ships.

Design Description

Frame

Equipment is loaded onto the ship in two ways: independently through the use of ramps, or with the help of portal or deck cargo cranes through a four-leaf cargo hatch in the upper deck. These hatches also make it possible to ventilate the underdeck space, when, immediately before the exit, the engines of the vehicles are idling and filling the troop compartment with exhaust gases. For loading and unloading operations in the area of ​​​​the cargo hatch there is a cargo crane with a lifting capacity of 16 tons and two boat cranes for working with boats and motor boats (there are three of the latter on the ship - two large and one small).

Power plant and driving performance

The main power plant of the project 11711 ship consists of two DRRA3700 units, working on fixed-pitch propellers. The DRRA3700 includes a sixteen-cylinder diesel engine 10D49 with a capacity of 3700 kW, a reverse gear RRP6000 (produced by Zvezda OJSC) and an electronic digital control system for the entire Purga-11 installation (produced by NPO Avrora). The installation also includes an interactive technical manual, which allows for training and training of personnel on the operation of the installation, and provides diagnostics of the operation of the engine and gearbox.

According to calculations, the fuel reserves on the ship provide it with a cruising range of 3,500 miles at an economical speed. Autonomy - 30 days.

Auxiliary equipment

Marine diesel generators ADG-1000NK manufactured by UDMZ LLC are used as sources of electricity on the ships of project 11711.

Crew and Habitability

Means of communication, detection and control

Armament

Artillery armament

According to one of the "intermediate" technical projects in the composition artillery weapons BDK "Ivan Gren" was a 100-mm AU A190. On May 31, 2010, the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, represented by the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy, adopted decision No. 704/4 / NK / 112-10 (volume 1, sheets of the case 96-99) to optimize the armament of the project 11711 ship. By this decision, 100 -mm AU A-190-01 and MS-73M. The opinion was expressed that this was done at the suggestion of the construction plant, which did not fit into the money allocated under the State Defense Order. Three AU "Duet" were left for self-defense of the ship.

Landing capabilities

Landing capacity - up to 36 armored personnel carriers or 13 MBTs (weighing up to 60 tons). Up to 300 fully equipped and armed paratroopers can also be carried on board.

On the ships of project 11711, the idea of ​​non-contact unloading of troops and equipment from the ship to an unequipped or gently sloping coast was implemented through the use of serial pontoon facilities. The ship carries in the hold a complex of serial pontoons, which are mounted in a pontoon bridge connecting the large landing ship and the coast or are used as separate floating facilities.

The ship has a hangar and a runway for permanent deployment of two Ka-29 type helicopters.

Built ships

The lead large landing ship of Project 11711 was laid down on December 23, 2004. By order of the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy, the ship was given the name "Ivan Gren".

On June 25, 2016, the lead ship of project 11711 "Ivan Gren" made the first exit to the sea. This event marked the successful implementation of project 11711. "Ivan Gren" is the first ship produced under this project.

Although it was originally planned to produce 5-6 large landing ships (BDK) within the framework of project 11711, after the launch of the Ivan Gren ship, it became finally known that the project would be completed after the launch of the second ship, Pyotr Morgunov. Such a change in the original plans was due to the duration of the development of the BDK project 11711, which lasted from 1998. The impetus for the start of the project was the refusal of France to transfer two landing ships of the Mistral type, which were originally built by order of Russia.

The history of the appearance of the BDK project 11711

Since most modern wars are local, the armies of large countries must be highly mobile and professional. It was this that served as the basis for the development of a new type of warships by the Russian Navy. Since the role navy currently consists, including in the landing, Russia urgently needed landing ships capable of transporting a large number of marines, along with their combat vehicles.

All the old landing craft that were made back in the USSR could not accommodate a sufficient number of marines, so in 1998 the Nevsky Design Bureau received a technical assignment for the development of ships of this type. Initially, a special landing craft was supposed to be made small. It was supposed to be used in the Black and Baltic Seas.

Soon plans for the creation of a landing ship were significantly adjusted. The creation of a small ship was recognized as inappropriate for the modern concept of warfare, so it was decided to significantly increase the displacement of the future warship. The new plan involved the creation of a large landing ship that could solve military tasks anywhere in the world's oceans.

Although the new plan was accepted, significant changes had to be made 3 more times during the development of the project. Design development continued for 6 years. In the end, the project became known as project 11711, and the large landing craft, according to the new design development, should have the following characteristics:

• The displacement of the ship was increased to 5,000 tons, which significantly increased the usable area for accommodating personnel and specialized military equipment;
• The characteristics of the landing craft allowed the ship to move freely anywhere in the oceans;
• The vessel was equipped with the most modern means loading and unloading;
• Two helicopters and a whole set of various weapons could be placed on its deck.

In addition, the set of the new ship provided for a place to accommodate a number of loading and unloading machines and special offshore pontoons.

Construction of large landing ships of project 11711

The first landing ship of project 11711 "Ivan Gren" was laid down only in 2004. The first ship of the series was named in honor of the Soviet Vice Admiral and scientist Ivan Gren. Although serious changes were made to the construction project three times even at the design stage, over the years of construction, which stretched for almost 14 years, the designers made more than 20 changes.

Project 11711 fully experienced the consequences economic crisis in Russia. The customer of the project and the contractor could not come to an agreed decision for a long time. The main problem was insufficient funding for the project. Although the necessary money for the next stage of work was often allocated in full, the effects of inflation significantly reduced these amounts.

An interesting situation is when, without solving all the problems associated with the construction of the first ship, in 2010 the construction of the second ship from this series was started. Most likely, this was due to the need to “master” the additional funds allocated by the budget for this project as quickly as possible. The designers were well aware that in the 6 years that have passed since the start of construction of the first ship of the series, new technologies have appeared, and the first BDK "Ivan Gren" will not become a model of perfection and the embodiment of modern technical solutions. As time has shown, the designers were right. It was decided to close project 11711 after the construction of the second ship of the series was completed.

In 2012, the large landing ship Ivan Gren was launched. After this event, 2 years were allotted for its testing and refinement. Big problems related to the refinement of the ship occurred due to the unavailability of the Russian military industry to supply the ship with the necessary weapons on time. Other enterprises did not lag behind the military industry, which also did not keep up with the production of the necessary components and assemblies necessary to complete the construction of the first ship of project 11711.

Although the ship "Ivan Gren" was supposed to be ready at the end of 2013, it made its first full-fledged exit to the sea only in the summer of 2016.

Design features of the BDK "Ivan Gren"

The Ivan Gren ship was laid down in December 2004 at the Yantar shipyard in Kaliningrad. At the beginning of construction, he was assigned the number 01301.

Project 11711 was developed at Nevsky Design Bureau OJSC. This project replaced the projects 775 and 1171, which were developed before it. By the way, large landing ships of these projects, which were produced back in the USSR from 1964 to 1975 (BDK project 1171) and from 1974 to 1991 (BDK project 775), are in service navy Russia so far.

Project 11711 ships are designed for the following:

• landing on the coast;
• Urgent transfer of military goods;
• Participation in peacekeeping operations;
• Patrolling the territory with the subsequent release of troops in places where the need arises.

In addition, the ship can take part in the capture of violators territorial waters Russian Federation.

Since large landing ships, in addition to landing personnel, are capable of landing and military equipment, the ship "Ivan Gren" uses the following methods for this:

• Directly on a shore not equipped for landing;
• Landing afloat;
• Landing with the help of a specially equipped KA-29 helicopter.

For unloading equipment, a stern ramp or a special bow landing device is used.

An interesting way of disembarkation is a disembarkation using a system of engineering pontoons, from which a bridge is assembled from the ship to the shore. Although this method has long been used abroad, in Russia it is used for the first time. Many skeptics doubt that a light pontoon bridge can withstand heavy armored vehicles.

Also, for the first time on domestic ships of this type, a system for transporting 20-ton sea containers on the upper deck was used. Using a beam crane, these containers can be unloaded both on the quay wall and on other ships.

What is the ship "Ivan Gren"

The large landing ship "Ivan Gren" has the following design:

• The ship itself is double-deck and twin-shaft;
• The engine room is located aft, there is a forecastle and poop;
• The ship has two superstructures and a huge landing hold that runs from the stern to the bow of the ship. This hold accommodates armored vehicles;
• The ship's hull and two superstructures are made of steel;
• Since this ship is designed for long patrols with a large number of personnel on board, the cabins for paratroopers are very comfortable. There is even a gym on board;
• There is a special ventilation system in the compartment for armored vehicles. It maintains a comfortable temperature for starting the engines of armored vehicles on board;
• Although the aft superstructure of the Ivan Gren ship has a hangar designed to accommodate one helicopter, when using a special retractable platform, two helicopters can be placed there;
• The displacement of the ship is 6,000 tons;
• The length of the ship is 120 meters, the width is 16.5 m, the draft is 5 m;
• The crew of the ship is 100 people.

At the same time, the ship can make long voyages, since its autonomy is 30 days. Used to detect surface and air targets radar station MP-352 "Positive".

Changes in the design of the ship "Ivan Gren" and its cargo capacity

Since the first ship of project 11711 underwent several adjustments in terms of armament, changes in performance characteristics and other characteristics, the deadlines for its final readiness were postponed several times. Initially, the ship was planned to be equipped with the following weapons:

• Artillery system A-190M caliber 100 mm;
• Two broadsword anti-aircraft missile and artillery systems, which, although they were created in the early 1990s, are still quite rare weapons;
• Two Grad-M multiple rocket launchers of 122 mm caliber. This system was made on the basis of 9K51 "Grad" and is designed specifically for fire support during landing.

As a result of problems with the financing of the project, this weapon system had to be abandoned. The new armament of the ship "Ivan Gren" consists of the following systems:

• The AK-630M-2 30 mm artillery mount is now located on the nose;
• At the stern there are two artillery mounts AK-630M, which are combined with the fire control system 5P-10-03 "Laska", which in given time has proven itself well;
• Two heavy machine guns MPTU "Sting" caliber 14.5 mm;
• Portable MANPADS.

As seen from last list, the original, powerful enough weapons, were replaced with lighter ones, which significantly reduced combat power ship.

As for the carrying capacity of the Ivan Gren ship, the ship can take on board up to 1,500 tons of cargo. This is up to 380 troops in full combat gear. In addition to landing, the landing ship can take on board 13 battle tanks or 36 infantry fighting vehicles.

As a power plant, two powerful diesel engines DRRA-3700 with a turbocharging system SUTN-10060. Each of the power units is capable of developing power up to 5,200 l / s. Each engine room has two powerful diesel generators that provide the ship's needs for electricity, both in parking mode and in combat mode.

BDK project 11711 today

Since project 11711 has been partially implemented to date, it can be said with confidence that the construction of the planned 5-6 large landing ships under this project is not foreseen. The ship "Ivan Gren", which is currently undergoing a complex of tests, should enter the fleet (most likely the Baltic) at the end of December 2017 or at the beginning of 2019.

The second ship, which began to be built in 2010, should be built on schedule. After the construction of the Pyotr Morgunov ship, project 11711 will most likely be closed. This is due to the fact that over the years a lot of new developments have appeared, as a result of which the Project 11711 ships seem already quite outdated.

At present, the major world powers are busy building larger landing ships called "dock ships". We can say with confidence that the next Russian project will be directly related to the development and construction of large landing ships of this particular class.

Despite the fact that Project 11711 large landing ships are not the best in their class, Russia now has experience in building ships of this class. It is safe to say that in case of sufficient funding for subsequent projects of this magnitude, Russia will be able to short time to develop and produce more modern large landing ships of the "ship-dock" class.