The artistic originality of the landscape in I. Turgenev's story "Bezhin Meadow"

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Goals and objectives of the lesson:

• upbringing reverent attitude to nature.

Lesson equipment: Presentation, portrait of the writer.

Literary theory: landscape, exposition.

Methodological techniques Key words: conversation, expressive reading, commentary reading, text analysis.

During the classes

1. Organization of the beginning of the lesson.

Greeting guests. Get in the mood for work: we have a lot of work to do in the lesson. We are getting ready for work. You know everything and know how to do everything, and you will definitely succeed, although it will not be entirely easy. But together we will overcome any difficulties.

2. opening speech teachers

Guys, the topic of our lesson today is “Landscape in the story of I.S. Turgenev "Bezhin Meadow".

Write down the topic of the lesson “Landscape in the story of I.S. Turgenev "Bezhin Meadow". (Slide 1)

The purpose of the lesson:

• show the relationship between man and nature in the story;
• identify the role of landscape in the work;
• development of expressive reading skills, text analysis;
• development of the literary concept of "landscape", familiarity with the concept of "exposition";
• fostering a reverent attitude towards nature. (Slide 2)

In the last lesson we talked about main topic stories are peasant children; they are the central image of the work. Their attitude interested the writer. We learned about the life of teenagers in the 19th century. But Turgenev permeates this image of peasant children with the image of Russian nature. This is what we will talk about today. The key words will be the words "landscape", "nature".

3. Learning new material.

What is a landscape?

The landscape is artistic description pictures of nature. Describing nature, the writer shows its features, beauty and grandeur. But he does not simply describe nature. At the same time, he expresses his attitude towards her, conveys his mood, reveals thoughts and feelings, helps to understand the mood of his hero.

The story "Bezhin Meadow" begins with a lyrical landscape imbued with a sense of the joy of life - a description of a "beautiful July day."

A) - How does the landscape appear before the hunter at the very beginning of the story? We find this place in the text, read it expressively, so that it is easier to imagine the July day. ( Episode reading) (Slide)

What are they, the colors of the July day? (the sky is clear; blush, the sun is not fiery, not dim - crimson, hello - radiant, purple)

Who found in the story what a day in July smells like? ( Wormwood, compressed rye, buckwheat.)

Conclusion: The July day creates an impression of joyful and calm. The landscape "Bezhina Meadows" outlines the theme of the story - the theme of the beauty of nature - and creates a bright mood.

- This first part of the story creates a vivid image of Russian summer nature.

B) - And now let's try to imagine a quiet dewy night; a fire is burning nearby, a river is nearby, horses are nibbling grass a little further away. Quiet, comfortable. There are a few guys around the campfire. Guys unknown to us. These are peasant children of the century before last. They graze horses and while away the time, telling different fables. They are unusual for us. They are different.

And now let's observe what they see, observe at night, what does the author of the story see? ( Students read an episode describing a summer night.) (Slide)

(Meanwhile, the night was approaching and growing like a thundercloud...)

How is the disturbing mood of the read fragment created?

Find words and expressions that convey the feelings of a person? (Expressions underlined).

The hero's internal monologue, rhetorical questions, vocabulary symbolizing something creepy, dark, ominous, disturbing.

What role do dots play? (The abundance of dots emphasize the confusion of the hero.)

Conclusion: Under the influence of darkness, a mood of mystery and vague anxiety grows, preparing the reader for the main part of the story - for the boys' conversation about brownies and goblin.

What does a summer night smell like? (“At the campfire: the smell of a Russian summer night ... P. 137, slide 6)

Night nature lives its own life. She has her own sounds, inexplicable, mysterious. For the boys, whom the hunter met at the night fire, nature on the one hand is their life, even a holiday. On the other hand, nature for them is full of mysteries, incomprehensible phenomena, which they explain by action. otherworldly forces: in stories about a brownie, a mermaid, a goblin, a merman.

Guys, you, too, probably noticed that during the day you feel different, not like at night? But as?

- Indeed, the night nature creates a sad, mysterious mood.

And now consider the picture of deep night before dawn. Let's read the episode of the description of the deep night. ( The students read the episode.)

What sounds do we hear here?

The landscape changes when the author moves on to characterize the boys and their " scary stories". Turgenev, on the one hand, admires nature, the beauty of the night, with great interest their mysterious stories, and on the other hand, he seems to be experiencing incomprehensible phenomena of nature with them “The night was solemn and regal ...” and “a strange, sharp, painful cry suddenly rang out two times in a row over the river and, after a few moments, it repeated further ... "Slide p. 149)

Find the episode "Short Summer Nights! .." (Slide p. 155)

The whole story ends with a picture of a summer morning. The picture of the awakening and revival of nature is drawn with a special feeling. Let's find this place in the story. ( Episode reading.)

“The morning was beginning ...” (Slide p. 155)

In this description, one can hear the noise of awakening life: “... At first, scarlet, then red, golden streams of young, hot light poured ... Everything stirred, woke up, sang, rustled, spoke. Large drops of dew blushed everywhere like radiant diamonds; towards me, clean and clear, as if also washed by the morning coolness, the sounds of a bell came, and suddenly a rested herd rushed past me, driven by familiar boys.

Nature in the story creature, she needs to wake up, move, meet a new day.

What colors do we see in the picture of the awakening morning?

And what sounds are heard in the early morning in the meadow?

With love and tenderness, Turgenev draws in the story of peasant children, their rich spiritual world, their ability to subtly feel the beauty of nature.

Therefore, perhaps, the story ends with a festive picture of the coming morning.

Try to remove pictures of nature from the story. What will be left?

Teacher: Yes, without pictures of nature, without these landscape sketches, the charm and all the charm of this short but such a beautiful story will disappear. Pictures of nature helped us to better understand the characters of the characters in the story.

4. Working with a dictionary.

Landscape is a picture of nature in a work of art. The description of nature helps to better understand the characters and their actions, to imagine the place of action. (Slides 11-12)

5. What artistic figurative means did the writer use?

Epithets: "The sun is not fiery, not red-hot ... Bright and radiant", "playing rays", "an endlessly overflowing river", "a mighty luminary."

Comparisons: “the brilliance is like the brilliance of forged silver”, “they themselves ... are azure like the sky”, “the last of them, blackish and indefinite, like smoke”, “like a carefully carried candle” ...

Metaphors: it spreads with a gentle blush”, “the sun rises peacefully”, “playing rays gushed” ...

Personifications: “the wind disperses, pushes the accumulated heat”, “whirlwinds ... walk along the roads ...”, “clouds disappear ..., lie down in pink clubs” .... (Slide 13)

6. - Did you notice anything fabulous in this story?

7. Problematic question (slide)

How does the writer show the connection between man and the nature around him throughout the story?

Episode analysis.

Reading the first passage "Beautiful July Day": the beginning of the story to the words "The farmer wants such weather for harvesting" and answering the question: is this part of the story connected with the main plot?

This part of the composition of the story is called exposition. (Slide)

The exposition is an image of the position of the characters, the circumstances and the situation in which they are before the start of the action.

What role does she play in this story? (The landscape of a July day performs an aesthetic function.)

What mood does this description create? (Joyful, cheerful, clear.)

Lesson conclusions.(Slide)

What role does the landscape play in I.S. Turgenev’s story “Bezhin Meadow”?

1. Turgenev, in describing nature, creates an atmosphere of mystery, shows that something mysterious must inevitably happen on such a fantastic night.
2. He peers, observes, not only notices, but also reveals the secrets of the habitually familiar world.
3. The author uses a poetic, fabulous device: the hunter got lost. Got lost…. And unexpectedly discovered a special world of nature, children's World, a world full of fantastic secrets, beliefs, fairy tales, a world of sparks and kindness.
4. Pictures of nature in the story reflect the mood of a person, a person is a part of nature.
5. Turgenev's landscape lives one life with the characters, as if nature understands people.
6. We can safely say that Turgenev is a master of landscape.

6. Homework: memorize a passage - one of the descriptions of nature - by choice.

Lesson grades.

Nature in "Bezhina Meadow" is given in the richness of its colors, sounds and smells. This is the richness of color that Turgenev gives in the early morning picture: “I hadn’t had time to move two versts before I was already pouring around me ... first scarlet, then red, golden streams of young hot light ... Large drops of dew blushed like radiant diamonds everywhere .. ."

These are the sounds that permeated the majestic Turgenev’s power: “Almost no noise was heard around ... Only occasionally in a nearby river with a sudden sonority splash big fish, and the coastal reeds faintly rustle, barely shaken by the oncoming wave ... Some lights crackled softly. Or: “Suddenly, somewhere in the distance, there was a lingering, ringing, almost groaning sound, one of those incomprehensible nocturnal sounds that sometimes arise amid deep silence, rise, stand in the air and slowly spread, finally, as if fading. You listen - and as if there is nothing, but it rings. It seemed that someone shouted for a long, long time under the very sky, someone else seemed to respond to him in the forest with a thin, sharp laughter. and a faint, hissing whistle rushed along the river.

And here is how cheerfully and noisily a clear summer morning wakes up in Turgenev: “Everything stirred, woke up, sang, rustled, spoke ... towards me, clean and clear, as if ... washed by the morning coolness, the sounds of a bell came.”

Turgenev also likes to talk about the smells of the nature he depicts. The writer is not at all indifferent to the smells of nature. So, in his essay "Forest and Steppe" he talks about the warm smell of the night, that "the whole air is filled with fresh bitterness of wormwood, honey, buckwheat and porridge." Also, describing a summer day in Bezhin Meadow, he remarks:

“In the dry and clean air it smells of wormwood, compressed rye, buckwheat; even an hour before night you don’t feel damp.”

Depicting the night, the writer also speaks of its special smell:

“The dark, clear sky solemnly and immensely high stood above us with all its mysterious splendor. The chest was sweetly embarrassed, inhaling that special lingering and fresh smell - the smell of a Russian summer night.

Turgenev depicts nature in motion: in shifts and transitions from morning to day, from day to evening, from evening to night, with a gradual change in colors and sounds, smells and winds, sky and sun. Depicting nature, Turgenev shows the constant manifestations of her full-blooded life.

As a realist writer, Turgenev depicts nature deeply truthfully. His description of the landscape is psychologically grounded. Thus, to describe a clear summer day Turgenev preferably uses a visual epithet, because the author sets himself the goal of showing the richness of colors of nature illuminated by the sun and expressing his strongest impressions of it. When depicting the coming night, the character and meaning of visual means are already completely different. It is understandable. Here the author aims to show not only pictures of the night, but also the growth of night mystery and the feeling of growing anxiety that arose in him in connection with the onset of darkness and the loss of the road. Therefore, there is no need for a bright pictorial epithet. A thoughtful artist, Turgenev uses in this case an emotional, expressive epithet that well conveys the anxious feelings of the narrator. But it is not limited to them either. The author manages to convey the feeling of fear, anxiety and anxiety only with a complex complex language tools: and emotionally expressive epithet, and comparison, and metaphor, and personification:

“The night was approaching and growing like a thundercloud; it seemed that together with the evening vapors, darkness was rising from everywhere and even pouring from the heights ... with every moment advancing, gloomy gloom rose in huge clubs. My steps resounded dully in the freezing air... I desperately rushed forward... and found myself in a shallow one. plowed hollow all around. A strange feeling immediately took possession of me. The hollow looked like an almost regular cauldron with gently sloping sides; at the bottom of it stood upright several large white stones—it seemed as if they had slipped down there for a secret conference—and before that it was mute and deaf in it, the sky hung over it so flat, so despondently that my heart sank. Some animal squeaked weakly and plaintively between the stones.

The writer in this case is not so much concerned with depicting nature as expressing his restless feelings that she causes in him.

The picture of the onset of night in the visual means of language

The examples given are quite enough to finally convince students of how thoughtfully Turgenev selected the visual means of language. At the same time, it should be emphasized that the picture of the impending night is revealed through the perception of a worried, anxious person who is finally convinced that he is lost. Hence the darkening of colors in the description of nature: everything is presented to the troubled imagination in a gloomy light. Such is the psychological basis of the picture of the night in its initial stage.

The disturbing night landscape is replaced by highly solemn and calmly majestic pictures of nature, when the author finally went out onto the road, saw peasant children sitting by two fires, and sat down with the children at the merrily crackling lights. The calmed artist saw the high starry sky in all its splendor and even felt the special pleasant aroma of the Russian summer night.

Summer night at Turgenev

Full of mysterious sounds, the night nature induces a feeling of unaccountable fear in the boys and at the same time increases their heightened, almost painful curiosity for stories about the mysterious and terrible.

Thus, nature is shown by Turgenev as a force that actively influences both the author and his characters. And on the reader, we add from ourselves.

Ivan Turgenev is a true master of the word, who skillfully mixed words in his works literary language and dialectisms of the Oryol province. Let us consider the role of the description of nature in the story "Bezhin Meadow", which is part of the remarkable cycle "Notes of a Hunter", acquaintance with which takes place in high school.

landscape features

Nature takes in short story Turgenev special place as if becoming another of his actor. Being a real patriot, the writer describes the scene of action so penetratingly and accurately that truly beautiful pictures come to life before the reader's eyes. Let's see how the description of nature in the story "Bezhin Meadow" helps to bring the author's intention to life.

First, the writer describes the scene in detail. His hero goes hunting in the Tula province, while the time of action is also indicated - "a beautiful July day." What kind of picture rises before the eyes of readers who get acquainted with the story?

• Early clear morning. Interestingly, being a true connoisseur folk signs, Turgenev means that such weather, as a rule, does not last long.
• The morning dawn is filled with a gentle blush, like a timid, shy girl.
• The sun is friendly, radiant, benevolent, the image itself gives good mood.
• Describing the sky, Turgenev actively uses diminutive vocabulary: “cloud”, “snake”, compares clouds with islands scattered over the endless sea surface.

The picture is really amazing, while every word of the description of nature in the story "Bezhin Meadow" breathes with sincere author's love and cannot leave thoughtful readers indifferent, it evokes a response in their souls.

Composition

Despite the fact that the work is small in volume, several semantic parts can be distinguished in it:

• Description of a beautiful morning that turns into a fine day, as if ideally suited for hunting.
• The hunter is lost, darkness is gathering around him.
• Meeting with the boys, the world regains its beautiful colors.
• The night becomes solemn and majestic.
• Morning comes.

A brief description of nature in the story "Bezhin Meadow" can be found in each of these semantic parts. And everywhere the landscape will be alive, psychological, not just a background, but a character.

The nature and mood of the hero

So, first Turgenev paints us a picture of the early morning, it was then that his hero's hunt for black grouse began. Nature itself seems to express the high spirits of the character. He shot a lot of prey, enjoyed amazing landscape views, breathed in the cleanest air.

Further, the description of nature in the story "Bezhin Meadow" becomes even more important - the world begins to express the mood of the hero. He realized that he was lost. And nature changes with the change of his mood. The grass becomes tall and thick, walking on it is "creepy", the inhabitants of the forest, which are by no means pleasant to humans, appear - the bats, hawk. The landscape itself seems to empathize with the lost hunter.

Picture of the night

Night falls, the hunter realizes that he is completely lost, tired and does not know how to get to the house. And nature becomes appropriate:

• The night is approaching, "like a thundercloud."
• Darkness is pouring.
• "Everything turned black."
• An image of a shy bird appears, which, accidentally hitting a person, hastily disappeared into the bushes.
• The darkness becomes gloomy.
• A frightened animal squeaks plaintively.

All these images are full of psychologism, helping Turgenev to convey internal state your hero. Note that very little is directly said about the fact that the hunter is frightened, tired, begins to feel annoyed. The author expresses all his inner state through the description of nature in the story "Bezhin Meadow". And his skill is amazing.

Therefore, the landscape becomes not just a scene of action, but also a way to express the thoughts and feelings of the hero.

Meeting with the boys

In the analysis of the description of nature in the story "Bezhin Meadow", the passage that tells about the meeting of the hero with the village boys is of particular importance. Noticing the lights in the distance, the tired hunter decides to go out to people to wait out the night. This is how he meets simple and ingenuous boys who deserve his sympathy and admiration for their closeness to nature, complete sincerity. After talking with them, the author's perception of the surrounding landscape also changes, its gloom, dullness and black colors disappear. To quote: "The picture was wonderful." It would seem that nothing has changed, it’s still the same night, the hero is just as far from home, but his mood has improved, the description of nature in the story “Bezhin Meadow” becomes completely different:

• The sky became solemn and mysterious.
• The characters are surrounded by animals that have long been considered friends and helpers of people - horses and dogs. At the same time, sounds are very important - if earlier the hunter heard a plaintive squeak, now he perceives how horses "chew" grass.

Extraneous frightening noises do not disturb the hero; next to the village children, he found peace. Therefore, the description of nature in the story "Bezhin Meadow" helps not only to recreate the scene, but also to express the feelings and experiences of the hero.

Ways of artistic drawing

To create pictures of the landscape surrounding the hunter, the writer uses color and sound images, as well as smells. That is why the description of nature in Turgenev's story "Bezhin Meadow" is vivid and vivid.

Let's give examples. To recreate the beautiful pictures that open up to the gaze of the hero, the prose writer uses a huge number of epithets:

• "Round reddish reflection".
• "Long Shadows".

There is also a large number of personifications, because the description of nature in the story "Bezhin Meadow" shows her as a living character:

• the dust is carried;
• shadows run;
• darkness fights light.

There are also sounds in the image of the surrounding world: dogs “bark angrily”, “children's sonorous voices”, sonorous laughter of boys, horses chew grass and snort, fish splash softly. There is also a smell - "the smell of a Russian summer night."

In a short passage, Turgenev uses a huge number of visual and expressive techniques that help him draw a truly magnificent, life-filled picture of the world around him. That is why we can say that the role of describing nature in the story "Bezhin Meadow" is great. Sketches help the author convey the mood of the hero, who is close in spirit to Turgenev himself.

I. S. Turgenev is a perceptive and perspicacious artist, sensitive to everything, able to notice and describe the most insignificant, small details. Turgenev perfectly mastered the skill of description. All his paintings are alive, clearly rendered, filled with sounds. Turgenev's landscape is psychological, connected with the experiences and appearance of the characters in the story, with their way of life.

Undoubtedly, the landscape in the story "Bezhin Meadow" plays an important role. We can say that the whole story is permeated with artistic sketches that determine the state of the hero, emphasize his mood, feelings, determine internal stress. "Bezhin Meadow", in fact, begins with landscape sketches. The author describes a beautiful July day, when “all colors are softened, light, but not bright”, when the “touching meekness” of nature is felt, the air is dry and clean. These pictures appear before the eyes and the smells of wormwood, compressed rye, buckwheat, which the author mentions, are felt.

The day is wonderful! The hero is satisfied with the hunt for black grouse. However, the feeling of calm and harmony did not last long. Evening came, it began to get dark. The hero lost his way, got lost, he was seized by inner restlessness. With the help of describing nature, the author manages to show his confusion. The hero was immediately seized by an unpleasant, motionless dampness, which made him terribly. Bats were already "rushing" and belated birds were hurrying to their nests. As the hunter realized that he was seriously lost and that he would not get out of the forest today in the darkness, “the night approached and grew like a thundercloud”, “darkness poured” from everywhere. And when the hope of getting home finally left the hero, he went out to the Bezhin Meadow, where the village guys were sitting around the fire. They pastured a herd of horses. In this romantic setting, they told each other different stories. Hunter joined them. Gradually, the feeling of anxiety went away and was replaced by new feelings: calmness, peace. He began to admire the sky, the river, the crackling tribe of the fire, enjoy the special, lingering and fresh "smell of a Russian summer night."

With curiosity, the narrator listened to the stories of the guys. In the most tense moments of the stories, nature, as if listening to them, sent small surprises. Every time at the most terrible moment something happened. After Kostya's story about the meeting between the carpenter Gavrila and the mermaid, the children hear a "drawn-out, ringing, almost groaning sound," which suddenly emerged from the silence and slowly spread through the air. The story told by Ilyusha about how the kennel Yermil met an evil spirit in the form of a lamb frightens the children even more because all of a sudden the dogs got up and, with convulsive barking, rushed away from the fire and disappeared into the darkness. The story about the dead and the foreknowledge of death introduces the guys into thoughtfulness. The appearance of a white dove, flying up to the fire from nowhere, circling in one place and dissolving in the darkness of the night, leads them to think about whether this is a righteous soul flying to heaven. The “strange, sharp, painful cry of a heron”, heard in silence, serves as a transition to a conversation about mysterious and terrible sounds: this is how the soul can “complain” or scream a goblin. All these pictures convey the anxiety, fear, tension of the guys, emphasize their mood. "God's Stars", to which little Vanya draws attention, helps all children to see the beauty of the night sky.

Turgenev's landscape is psychological, connected with the experiences and appearance of the characters in the story, with their way of life.

The story also ends with a description of nature. “Everything stirred, woke up, sang, rustled, spoke,” a new day, unusually beautiful, sunny and bright, combined with the sounds of a bell and invigorating freshness, serves as the final chord of this wonderful work.

The skill of I. S. Turgenev helps readers to feel the beauty native nature pay attention to what is happening in it every minute, every hour.

In the story "Bezhin Meadow" by Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev, the landscape plays an important role. The story begins with a description of an early July morning, where the narrator describes all the beauty of nature. He writes that such a morning is the best, the weather has already settled down and in the mornings it is not cold, but not hot either. The story is told by a hunter who came to the forest and describes all the beauty of nature. The narrator describes the clouds so beautifully that the picture is mesmerizing.

He says that the clouds stand motionless due to calm weather and form bizarre patterns. From the description of this picture, you can understand how good the mood of the hunter is, and he admires the surrounding beauty. Then he describes the onset of evening, when these same clouds turn lavender and darkness slowly begins to creep in.

The following picture is described when the hunter got lost in the forest and cannot find a way out. He says that he went in the wrong place, and he had to go down to the valley, where the hunter became terrified. Here the narrator describes that the grass in the valley is wet and tall, he felt uneasy, and he quickly wanted to get to the hill in order to see the further road. Climbing up another hill, the hunter realized that he had completely lost his way, and he felt uneasy.

The landscape in the story conveys not only the beauty of Russian nature, but also the feelings of the characters themselves. Here the hunter sees a fire and decides to ask for a lodging for the night, near the fire were local boys who drove out a herd of horses for the night. The boys accept the hunter and he calms down. Here the landscape takes on a different picture and plays with different colors. The narrator listens to the stories of the guys, in which they talk about goblin, werewolves and mermaids.

The hunter opens up a different picture of swamps and trees, on which mermaids sit and destroy people. Next, the narrator describes the dawn, which had just begun and a cool breeze began to walk between the leaves of trees and bushes. The narrator is going home and leaving the guys, having walked a little, morning came and again the warm rays illuminated the earth.

Composition Landscape in Turgenev's story Bezhin meadow

Turgenev's stories are always full of colorful descriptions of nature, especially in the cycle "Notes of a Hunter". The author skillfully paints landscapes, in the smallest detail. When you read the works of Ivan Sergeevich, you are completely immersed in the atmosphere of what is happening.

Reading the story "Bezhin Meadow", you clearly imagine the forest through which the hunter was walking. You can almost hear the rustle of leaves. Represent pure blue skies, and the meek spill of the dawn over it. At the beginning of the story, the description of nature captures attention and conveys the beauty of the views that surround the protagonist, as well as the mood of the hunter.

In the beginning it is said about summer in general. Sunny July days are described, lightness, warmth, serenity are felt. When it is told about the hunter himself and how he walks satisfied with his prey, slightly tired, his fatigue just makes it possible to feel the outline of the landscape: “The air is still bright, but no longer illuminated by the sun”, “Cold and thickening shadows”.

Further, when the hunter realizes that he is lost, the author again conveys his anxiety through nature: “Darkness is pouring”, “Night is like a thundercloud”, “Gloomy darkness”. You immediately understand how you feel main character, how slowly a feeling of fear grows in him, because of the likelihood of staying on a dark night in the middle of an unfamiliar forest. When the hunter went out into the meadow and met the shepherd boys sitting by the fire, again nature around him describes his condition. The hero feels calm, the fear of staying in the forest in the middle of the night has receded and now he can not worry, relax and listen to the stories of the guys.

The boys told different Mystic stories and fables, and here nature gives these stories mystery and mystery. Then out of nowhere, a dove appeared and abruptly flew by, then something rang. At the end of the story, the writer again shows us how the hero feels when dawn begins and he goes home. In the words: “Everything stirred, woke up, sang, rustled, spoke,” together with the hunter you feel relief that just about, very soon he will be at home. Nothing else threatens the hero of the story.

The role of the landscape in this work is very important, it allows readers to delve deeper into the plot and feel like a participant in the events described by the author. As if you are sitting next to the guys and the hunter, by the fire in the Bezhino meadow and listening to various interesting stories.

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