Irina Shayk street style. Fashion evolution of Irina Shayk: how the style of the Russian model has changed

Irina Shayk - a fashionable supermodel, widely known not only in Russia, but also on world catwalks, was born on 01/06/1986 in the Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic

Childhood

Irina's father, a Tatar by nationality, lived with his Russian wife in a tiny Bashkir village, where the baby was born. Looking for a better life after the birth of the girl, the family decided to move to Russia and settled in the small mining town of Yemanzhelinsk (Chelyabinsk region).

Irochka was the second child in the family - she has an older sister, Tatyana. To feed his small family, my father worked long hours in the mine. This caused serious health problems and his early death. When the tragedy happened, Irina was only 14 years old.

Irina in childhood

But even under dad, her childhood cannot be called cloudless. Only in her youth will she appreciate her tall stature and the extraordinary appearance she received from her father. At school, children do not like those who stand out from the crowd in some way. Irina was often teased, given offensive nicknames: “kalancha”, “chunga-changa”, etc.

The little girl often returned from school in tears. Parents reassured the girl, read her a fairy tale about the ugly duckling and tried to convince her that she - real beauty. Irina found salvation in music lessons, the love of which she inherited from her mother, a piano teacher.

Another of her shortcomings, the girl considered that she was born left-handed. It is now that such children are treated loyally, and psychologists even insist that a left-handed child has a pronounced personality and excellent Creative skills. But in those days everyone had to be the same, and for a long time Irina was forced to learn to write with her right hand.

The boys, too, at best, simply did not pay attention to her - Irina was half a head taller than any of them. Much more often they tried in every possible way to offend the girl. And to prove that she was not the worst, Irina tried to at least study perfectly. Then she did not even suspect how much reality would change in just a few years.

Debut on the podium

After graduation, Irina breathed a sigh of relief and moved to Chelyabinsk under the wing of her older sister. Following her example, she entered college of Economics and started working in a modeling studio. And only there all the grace and individuality of the young beauty was revealed.

In just a few months, she became so confident in herself that she even dared to enter a local beauty pageant.

When the crown of the first beauty of the city appeared on the girl’s head, for a long time she could not believe that this was really true. But the indisputable proof of the win was quite a decent amount of money attached to the main prize.

The agency invited the girl to take part in the all-Russian competition and was even ready to pay all organizational expenses, but Irina had other plans at that time.

Moscow

Irina came to the Moscow beauty contest on her own, but she was supported by an influential businessman who brought her to the capital. Who knows if he put in a good word for the young protégé, but the provincial woman, previously unknown to anyone, received the main prize at this competition as well. And she was immediately intercepted by Gia Jikizde, who by that time had already promoted quite a few Russian models.

Not for a moment doubting that this was her chance to become famous, Irina signed a contract with him. In just a few weeks, she was working with the best agencies in Europe and shone on the most prestigious catwalks.

Although at first the inexperienced beauty had a very difficult time abroad. In the modeling environment, there has always been fierce competition. The girls not only coldly accepted Irina - they again began to make fun of her. The reason for ridicule was the inability to dress stylishly, ignorance foreign languages, lack of a presentable portfolio.

But now she was already much stronger, and school hardening was very useful here. Proudly raising her head and tightly clenching her teeth, the girl confidently walked towards her dream. Very soon, those who began to work on the podium much earlier than she began to envy the girl.

Her career developed at cosmic speed. Already in 2007, she officially became the face of the most prestigious underwear brand Intimissimi.

Currently, she is one of the most sought-after, famous and highly paid Russian models. True, in Russia the girl appears so far extremely rarely - her time is scheduled months in advance. And her image even became the prototype of the heroine of the 18th part of the popular computer game"Need for speed".

Personal life

About her personal life, Irina always tried not to spread too much. There is nothing strange about this - her patrons have always been famous and very rich people who are not interested in their name appearing too often in the yellow press. Therefore, for a long time she was considered lonely, although everyone understands that such a beauty could not be alone.

A well-known romance, which Irina was not going to hide from the press, was a relationship with Cristiano Ronaldo, one of the most enviable suitors in Europe, famous football player. They lasted a little over 5 years, and everyone expected that the novel would end with a magnificent wedding.

But this joyful event in the life of Irina never happened, even though the girl forgave the numerous betrayals of her eminent fiancé. But in 2015, her patience snapped, and at the initiative of Irina, the couple broke up.

With Cristiano Ronaldo

Her new chosen one was again a media person - the popular Hollywood actor Bradley Cooper. Fearing that this time the matter would not reach the wedding, Irina categorically refused to advertise a new relationship until both of them were confident in each other. Secretly, the couple met for almost six months, until they finally dared to kiss in public.

Irina Shayk is a famous Russian supermodel who conquered with her beauty not only men, but also women. female half humanity. At 29, she actively continues to build both a modeling career and a personal life.

Known to many as ex girlfriend beloved by many football player Cristiano Ronaldo, and fans of the modeling industry are familiar with Irina as one of the best representatives of Russia on the most prestigious catwalks in the world.

The intrigues that have been woven around the girl to this day in 2015 occupy the front pages of printed publications, and photos of the beauty do not stop appearing on the covers of the most fashionable publications in the world.

early years

Irina Shaikhlislamova ( real name girls) was born on January 6, 1986 in Bashkiria, but over time the whole family moved to the city of Yemanzhelinsk, Chelyabinsk region. Irina's family is the most ordinary: her mother worked as a music teacher, and her father was a miner.

When the girl was 14 years old, grief happened in the family - her father died of an illness, so the fragile mother had to work several jobs to provide everything necessary for Irina and her sister Tanya.

Irina s early childhood was very beautiful. Big eyes green color often attracted the attention of others, and a refined figure and thick blond hair complemented the image of a beauty.

The model from an early age was engaged in playing the piano and choral singing. She was also very popular among her peers. friendly character and sociability.

Immediately after graduation, the girl, along with her sister Tanya, left for Chelyabinsk and both entered the College of Economics. Irina mastered a marketing course, but soon realized that this science did not bring her any pleasure. But the training was not in vain.

AT educational institution both girls were invited to the Chelyabinsk modeling school, and they decided to try. There, Irina was really interested in learning, she was taught to walk correctly, keep her posture, choose a fashionable bow and apply makeup correctly.

Modeling career

Irina's modeling career began when she was nominated for a beauty contest in 2004. Having taken a convincing first place, the beauty was noticed by the director of the famous agency "Grace models" Gia Jikidze, who gladly invited her to try her hand at modeling business.

Options:

  • Growth- 178 cm;
  • The weight- 55 kg;
  • Options- 87-58-89 cm;

Already in 2005, she went to conquer the catwalks of Europe. It’s too late to start a career at the age of 19 by model standards, but despite this, the girl managed to interest the most influential fashion houses and publications very quickly.

And to become even more recognizable, Irina changed her last name to a more memorable one - Shayk

The first city that Irina went to conquer was Paris. There in 2007 she was the face well-known brand"Intimissimi" and actively represented it for two years, and also participated in the advertising campaign of this brand. And since 2010, he has been representing the brand as its ambassador.

After a stunning success in France, the girl goes to conquer New York. There she managed to work with global brands and publications. Irina's photo could be regularly seen on the pages of the Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue, and in 2011, a photo in which Irina Shayk was almost naked was placed on the cover.

Then she became the debut model of Russian origin, whose photo got on the cover of the gloss

Irina is regularly photographed for this edition only by the best photographers in the world.

Of course, these are not the only ones with whom the model managed to collaborate. In 2009, she successfully worked with Beach Bunny and Guess. The girl officially represented the last brand for three seasons. You could often see the beauty on the covers of popular glossies, and in particular on the cover:

  • Annabelle
  • Bolero;
  • woman;
  • Paris Capital.

In parallel, the model signs a contract with the famous IMG agency.

The following year, Irina Shayk posed for an advertisement for the Armani Exchange brand, and also starred in the video of the famous hip-hop artist Kanye West for the song "Power". All the time, the model was actively filmed for the covers of foreign glossy magazines and even became the first in the list of the most sexy Russian women, according to the Complex edition.

Continuing to shoot for title pages and reversals, Irina was once embroiled in a scandal. The photo on the cover of GQ magazine was considered too vulgar, and every dissatisfied hastened to reward Irina with an unpleasant comment.

However, the girl immediately explained to everyone who was not satisfied that during the shooting process she had underwear on, and already during the editing, the photographer removed it with the help of Photoshop.

Filmography

1 So far, the girl's arsenal has only one serious role in the film. In 2014, the model debuted on big screen, playing the role of Megara in the film "Hercules". Her partner was the famous Dwayne Johnson.

2 However, this is not all of Irina's extra-model activity. She was the host of the 4th season of the popular program “Top Model in Russian”, but soon the Yu channel terminated the contract with her for unknown reasons.

3 Also in the game "Need for Speed: The Run" the character Mila Belova was copied from Irina. After she was drawn, the model took up voicing the virtual self.

4 The girl took part in a significant event for Russia - the opening of the 2014 Olympic Games in Sochi. There, the model led the Russian team when they represented the countries of the participants.

The model was in a terribly uncomfortable snow maiden costume with a huge kokoshnik on her head. In an interview, Irina admitted that she was very worried and was afraid to stumble or, God forbid, to fall.

Personal life

Most famous novel Irina was with the famous Portuguese football player Cristiano. They met in May 2010, when the model had a photo session for the Armani Exchange advertising company.

Soon Cristiano and Irina started dating. The couple had 5 happy years of relationship, but during this time Cristiano did not dare to propose to Irina.

In 2015, unexpectedly for everyone, Irina Shayk broke up with a football player. They say that this happened due to the fact that the model had a tense relationship with her lover's mother, and when Cristiano took over significant event mother, and not Irina, she was very offended and upset.

In addition to this, the model had suspicions about the betrayal of a football player with Lucia Villalon.

After breaking up with the athlete in 2015, the girl began to be credited with many different novels. At first, the 29-year-old model was suspected of having a relationship with 21-year-old Justin Bieber.

Gallery is clickable

And also after the film "Hercules" was released in 2014, in 2015 everyone claimed that Irina was dating Dwayne Johnson. And all due to the fact that a lot of their joint pictures appeared on the network. But the most truthful of all is the rumor about Irina Shayk's romance with the famous race car driver Lewis Hamilton.

Since February 2015, they have appeared together at the most significant events, which raises many questions from journalists and fans. However, this novel turned out to be only a small affair.

Pregnancy

In 2015, the supermodel began to build a serious relationship with Hollywood actor Bradley Cooper. They are long time hid their romance, but the curious paparazzi all managed to capture their frequent meetings. In 2016, the couple went through several breakups, but each time they were attracted to each other like a magnet.

However, the main event of 2016 was the news of Irina Shayk's pregnancy. The girl did not try to hide her rounded tummy, but at the same time, she never mentioned it directly. For the first time, fans of the model started talking about pregnancy after she posted a photo on her Instagram page, which clearly shows a rounded tummy.

Despite the deep neckline, with which Irina tried to divert attention, the tight silhouette of the dress still helped us to see other rounded parts of the star's body.

Sheik managed to confirm her interesting position during the Victoria's Secret show. By the way, participation in a show of this magnitude has also become one of the main events of the outgoing year. And even if the girl did not get the legendary wings, she became a real decoration of the Paris show. It was the revealing outfits that helped journalists and fans to better see the rounded figure of the supermodel.

Despite the pregnancy, Irina Shayk continues to take part in candid photo shoots. Moreover, she does not hesitate to post "hot" videos on her Instagram. In the video, where the model is erotically engaged in pottery, you can also clearly see the round pregnant belly. The name of the father of the unborn child is still unknown. Fans and journalists boldly assume that despite all the breakups, he is Bradley Cooper.


Beauty gives chances, one of these chances is the opportunity to become a top model, and a modeling career, in turn, opens up other opportunities - lucrative contracts, travel and, most importantly, meeting people who can open all doors for you in this world. Initially, not everyone gets such a chance, because not everyone is born beautiful, which means that we are all in different conditions and the merits of successful models are doubtful?



Let's look at the example of fashion model Irina Shayk and her biography.
By birth - Irina Shaykhlislamova (Irina Shaykhlislamova). When the girl was outside of Russia, she changed her last name to a more convenient pronunciation, and Irina Shayk appeared to the world.


And it all began in a distant small town with a population of 30,000, 50 kilometers from Chelyabinsk. Irina was born on January 6, 1986, in a normal Russian family. Parents - mother is a music teacher, and father worked at the mine, where he undermined his health and died. Irina's mother had to work for two, because in addition to Irina, she had another daughter, the eldest Tatyana.
When the future supermodel grew up, she, like all girls, went to high school.


At school number 4 in the city of Yemanzhelinsk, Irina studied better than most, and still stood out for her tall stature. Already at school, Irina Shayk reached a height of 175 centimeters, for which she was periodically laughed at, because in Russia, and especially in a distant province, one cannot stand out much from the crowd. Nevertheless, Irina studied well, loved humanitarian subjects and managed to study music along the way with her studies in high school. Irina Shayk was good at singing and playing the piano. Already at that time, Irina was popular not only among her peers, but also adult men contemplated her beauty with pleasure.



So flew by school years It's time to choose the next path in life.


Stay in a city of 30,000 people? And what are the prospects there, what can you do, how to show yourself in such a town? I have nothing against the province, the village, but if you are young, beautiful and see great potential in yourself, you should try to look for a place in the city with a more active life position, and accordingly with great opportunities, awards for work.


Future model Irina Shayk leaves her native Yemanzhelinsk and goes to study in the city of Chelyabinsk, where she goes to college to study economics. The days passed in study, but like all students, Irina did not forget to walk. On one of these walks, she was noticed on the street with her sister Tatyana and was invited to the Svetlana image club. From that moment on, Irina's average way of life begins to change, she learns the skills necessary for each model, and indeed a girl with big plans. Irina learns to do the right make-up, works on her style, improves her gait. Her sister is getting married at this time and she has a daughter.



And Irina continues to follow the chosen path and already at the age of 18 she participates in the regional competition "Supermodel" where she receives the first prize and a piece of her future glory. Having won the contest, Irina takes the next step - she goes to Moscow, where she participates in many photo shoots, as well as in the Supermodel of Russia contest.


beautiful appearance, plus perseverance in the chosen work, give Irina a meeting with Giya Jikidze, president of the international modeling agency Grace models. It was Gia Jikidze who contributed to the formation of such models as and. (Giya Dzhikidze died in the spring of 2007) Thanks to Giya Dzhikidze, Irina goes to Europe, where a completely different life begins - life on the covers of glossy magazines. Irina appears on the covers of Glamor Spain, Elle Spain, GQ Spain, GQ South Africa, Annabelle, Bolero, Jalouse magazines. In 2007, he replaces Anna Beatriz Barros in the advertising campaign of the Intimissimi brand. Then she collaborates with many other brands and in 2009 she was photographed for the Victoria's Secret catalog.



While doing work, Irina does not forget about her personal life, and begins a relationship with the famous football player Cristiano Ronaldo, this multiplies her fame many times over and gives her the opportunity to receive more lucrative contracts. Many people think that Irina started this relationship for the sake of profit, and there are no feelings there. What feelings she has in her soul, we are not given to know, but wisdom is visible in her life and actions. Growing up as a model, you get a chance to break away from the original environment, to find familiar men more high level and communicate only with successful people who know what to want in life. Accordingly, feelings will kindle for one of them, as a result, you can get a rich groom and true love.


This is the story of Irina. She was initially lucky, because not everyone is naturally given such a chic appearance - a beautiful face, an ideal figure ....



Let's evaluate her external data:


1. Irina Shayk is 178 cm tall.
2. Volumes 88/60/90.
3. Weight? Irina Shayk does not like to talk about it, but whatever her weight is, it is enough for a height of 178 and overweight is also not observed anywhere.
4. Irina Shayk's face is also beautiful, this can be seen from numerous photos.



Especially for lovers of natural photos - Irina Shayk without makeup.





With such data, it’s true that the chances of succeeding in life are many times greater than if your height is 160.


If nature gave you 160 height, and a tendency to be overweight, then achieve peaks in model world will be unrealistic, but how many of those whom nature has awarded with such data? beautiful face and perfect figure, no worse than Irina's, and in some cases even better? If you believe some ratings, then Irina is ranked among the sexiest, or rather the most - the most.


In the world and in Russia there are many beautiful girls, but their beauty rarely, very rarely, receives such high marks and dividends as in the case of Irina. Why such injustice, and can it be called injustice?


I can say unequivocally, no, it cannot be called injustice, everyone gets according to their work. I have a friend, or rather an acquaintance, her name is also Irina, she is 1 year older than Irina Shayk, and she is superior in beauty. Her figure is no better, she is about the same, 2 centimeters shorter than 176 height, but her face! On the face she is a heavenly beauty.


Now she is 27 years old, and how do you think she settled in life, where is she and what does she do? And so, nothing special, to say the least. She finished school and did not go anywhere to study, spending time in various amusements and meetings. The men she chose were not bad, but I must say unpromising in the global sense. This is a common mistake of many beautiful girls - after school or at the institute, to associate themselves with some small provincial authority, or a small businessman. After all, such relationships often prevent your further growth and development, and you can forever stay to live your life in a town that you hate in your soul. I repeat - I have nothing against the provinces and the countryside, but you need to understand that to realize your creative abilities, find an interesting social circle and conduct an active full life, in such a town is very problematic. Therefore, if you are beautiful and young, you need to turn your eyes towards megacities and fashion capitals, while not forgetting that you need to achieve everything yourself, and then new acquaintances will appear and more and more attractive chances in this life.


Irina Shayk managed to prove herself, was hardworking and persistent, she used the opportunities given to her, and now she has everything that millions of girls dream of. All! Although Irina as a model is far, far from the best ...

Irina Shayk (Shaikhlislamova) was born in the harsh Chelyabinsk region. Father died when Irina was still a girl. He was a miner, and death was caused by complications from a lung disease. Olga, Irina's mother, taught music. To earn a living and provide for two daughters (Irina has eldest daughter Tatyana), Olga had to work two jobs.

After school, Irina left her hometown and entered the College of Economics. It was at this time that the girl was noticed by representatives of the modeling agency and invited to work in the Chelyabinsk modeling agency"Svetlana".

Now Irina Shayk mostly lives in the USA, millions of fans are interested in her personal life. As of 2017, Irina is not married, the longest and most discussed are her relationships with two world-famous people:

  • Cristiano Ronaldo 2010-2015 There were persistent rumors that Irina Neik was dating Ronaldo under a contract, the relationship was fictitious.
  • Bradley Cooper 2015 - present. On March 21, 2017, a daughter was born to Cooper and Shayk, who was named very exotic - Lea de Sien Shayk Cooper.

In addition to the very successful modeling career Irina Shayk also boasts a small filmography, as of 2017:

  • 2011 Need for Speed: The Run
  • 2013, Agent
  • 2014, Hercules
  • 2016, Inside Amy Schumer

We have prepared a small dossier from which you can learn some interesting details from the life of a star: Irina Shayk's height and weight, figure and clothing parameters, shoe and bust size, as well as some other interesting information.

What is the real name of Irina Shayk

Real name Irina Shayk ( full name) - Irina Valerievna Shaikhlislamova. Last name and first name English language usually has the following spelling - Irina Shayk, or less common - Irina Sheik.

When was Irina Shayk born?

How old is Irina Shayk?

At the time of writing (summer 2017), Irina Shayk is 31 years old.

What is the zodiac sign of Irina Shayk?

Irina Shayk's zodiac sign is Capricorn. She was born in the year of the Tiger according to the eastern horoscope.

Where was Irina Shayk born?

Irina Sheik was born in the RSFSR (Russia), Chelyabinsk region, the city of Yemanzhelinsk.

How tall is Irina Shayk?

Irina Shayk's height is 5 feet 10 inches, which in the metric system we are used to is 178 cm. Irina Shayk not only does not hide her body parameters, weight and height, but often mentions her in interviews. Thousands of subscribers to Irina's social media accounts are constantly discussing the slightest changes in the model's life. There are stars who carefully guard their personal lives, but Irina Shayk is not one of them. Irina puts her life on display.

How much does Irina Shayk weigh?

Irina Shayk weighs 117 pounds, which is approximately 54 kg.

What color are Irina Shayk's eyes?

Irina Shayk's eye color is green.

What are the parameters of the figure of Irina Shayk?

Irina Shayk figure parameters: 89-60-89 (chest-waist-hips). Clothing size: 40. Based on 2017 data.

What size are Irina Shayk's feet?

The size of Irina Shayk's foot according to American standards is 8. In the usual sense for us, it is about 38 shoe sizes.

Irina Shayk (Shaikhlislamova Irina Valerievna) is one of the most famous Russian supermodels in the world. Irina Shayk's height is 178 cm, weight is 55 kg. Options: 88-58-90. Irina has green eyes.

Born in the south of the Urals in the Chelyabinsk region in a small town. Irina's father Valery worked as a miner. Mother Olga is a music teacher. In Irina, Tatar and Russian blood is mixed. Maternal grandmother was a hero of the Great Patriotic War. There is a sister Tatyana.

In 1992, Irina went to regular school No. 4 in Yemanzhelinsk. She studied well and was a hardworking, persistent and purposeful girl. She dreamed of becoming a teacher of literature.

The girl was often teased by her peers for her high growth - “dylda”, for exotic appearance- “chunga-changa”, and for big lips - “lip slap”. Irina tried not to pay attention to these attacks, but, when photographed, she always pursed her lips.

Went to music school in piano and successfully completed it, having studied there for seven years. She loved cats and had several at home.

The family lived in a private house with a garden. The girl constantly helped her parents in the garden, especially he saved in the difficult 90s.

In 2000, Irina's father died of cancer, and her mother had to work several jobs to support her family. Irina also worked part-time. She spent the first money she earned for painting the hospital on the purchase of boots.

In 2003 she graduated from high school with honors.

After school, the girl planned to become an economist. She goes to Chelyabinsk, where her older sister studied, and enters the College of Economics with a degree in marketing. Irina, following the example older sister, got a job at the Svetlana modeling agency. There, the girl was noticed and offered to participate in a beauty contest in Chelyabinsk (2004).

The model carefully hides her personal life. It is known that for about 5 years (2010-2015) she met with football player Cristiano Ronaldo. We met at a fashion show. In 2015, they officially broke up.

Since the spring of 2015, she has been dating actor Bradley Cooper. We met at a party. At the end of 2016, the actor got engaged to Irina and presented a ring with a large emerald. In March 2017, Irina Shayk and Bradley Cooper had a daughter, Lea de Saint Shayk Cooper. The couple has yet to formalize their relationship.

For a long time, the guys hid from the paparazzi and did not show the child, but in the summer of 2017, joint pictures appeared (there are frames in the gallery).

After there were rumors that they broke up without legitimizing the relationship. Other sources have reported that the couple is dreaming of a second child.

The model believes that in order for men to love you, you need to not deny yourself anything and love yourself.

Favorite literary work"Crime and Punishment" Dostoevsky. He loves animals very much. There is a pet dog. Favorite color: red and black. He likes to sleep longer, about 12 hours. But at the same time, she goes in for sports every day: Pilates and jiu-jitsu.

At the age of 20, she changed her last name to Shayk. In the global modeling business, a supermodel is considered very punchy. Lives in New York.

Professional activity

In 2004, Irina became the winner of a beauty contest in Chelyabinsk, received a prize - a huge fee. The girl was noticed and offered to become a professional model. This is where her career began.

Interesting Notes:

Since 2005 she has been working as a model in Europe and America.

In 2007, Irina received international recognition when she became the face of the lingerie brand Intimissimi. I signed a contract with them, which has been going on for more than 10 years. She also became the first Russian model to appear on the cover of Sport illustrated magazine, which was a breakthrough for the model. In America, this edition is very popular and has existed for more than 50 years. Her photograph from the magazine adorned the main street of New York.

In 2012 she worked as a TV presenter of the show "Top Model" Russian version(season 4). She is the global beauty ambassador for Avon cosmetics. Participates in the filming of clips, acts in films.

Irina works all over the world. Has graced the covers of top magazines including GQ, Elle, Vogue, Glamour, Marie Claire, Cosmopolitan. Irina was photographed by the world's best photographers such as Mario Sorrenti, Bruce Weber, Paolo Roversi and many others.

In 2014, she participated in the opening of the winter Olympic Games in Sochi, accompanying the Russian team of athletes during the parade. In the same year, she made her film debut as Megaera, the wife of Hercules, in the Hollywood film Hercules: The Thracian Wars directed by Brett Ratner.

Received many international awards as the best international model. Participates in charity, helping sick children and orphans in Russia.

In 2016, she walked in the Victoria's Secret fashion show in Paris. In 2017, she starred in an L'oreal commercial. Continues to work with the Intimissimi brand.

Now Irina is on the lists of the most beautiful women peace. It is world famous, it is popular and in demand.