Mushroom umbrella edible: exotic appearance and great taste! What is an umbrella mushroom Umbrella mushroom reddening on the cut.

Mushroom "Umbrella" belongs to the genus Champignons, but is completely different from them with its exotic appearance, more precisely, unusual shape a hat that is shaped like an umbrella. In our forests you can find "Umbrellas" edible and poisonous. Due to their excellent taste, their edible varieties are highly valued among experienced mushroom pickers. Grows almost everywhere the globe in mixed and deciduous forests are less common in parks and meadows.

In forests, they grow in areas where there are clusters of leaves or branches. The largest mushrooms can grow up to several tens of centimeters in length.

Edible varieties of mushroom "Umbrella"

Poisonous varieties

1. Comb umbrella or "silverfish" ("comb lepiota"). In appearance, this mushroom resembles edible motley and red umbrellas, but unlike its counterparts, it is poisonous. When eaten, it provokes poisoning, typical symptoms of intoxication are severe vomiting, convulsions, intestinal cramps, diarrhea and headache.

The hat is white, less often gray, beige or pinkish, but over time it becomes brown. Its dimensions are small, the surface is covered with many brown plates. You can recognize the fungus by the characteristic growths on its outside, forming many scales, which in their shape resemble scallops.

The leg is thin and short, yellow or reddish in color, has a fibrous structure. In the middle of the stem, young mushrooms have a thickening in the form of a ring, but over time it disappears. One more hallmark comb umbrella is its rotten bad smell.

It grows from July to October, grows in fields, in nettle thickets, on the side of the road, in fields and meadows, often found in parks and squares in cities.

2. Lepiota poisonous( brown-red or chestnut)

Another inedible umbrella variety, the lepiota is considered deadly poisonous.

Her hat is small, gray-red in color, covered with circles consisting of dark brown scales. On its inner side there are many thin yellowish plates that secrete poisonous spores that are toxic to humans.

The leg is cylindrical, pinkish, sometimes brown, without thickening.

Symptoms of lepiota poisoning appear within a few minutes after eating it. The fungus is extremely dangerous because it can cause cardiac arrest and even death of the victim. It grows in forests of mixed, deciduous and coniferous types, less often in meadows and summer cottages. Fruits from July to the end of October.

After reviewing detailed description what the Umbrella mushroom looks like, photo, edible and poisonous species, you can get a clear picture of these rather unusual families.

or a shaggy umbrella

- edible mushroom

✎ Belonging and generic features

Mushroom-umbrella reddening- an edible species of the genus chlorophyllum (lat. Chlorophyllum), included in big family champignon (lat. Agaricaceae), which is included in the order of agaric (lat. Agaricales).
Detailed phylogenetic studies have shown that the blushing umbrella fungus is closely related to american view, which does not have a Russian synonym, - Chlorophyllum molybdites, and not with a motley umbrella (lat. Macrolepiota procera), therefore it was proposed to attribute it to the genus Chlorophyllum, and not Macrolepiota.
Umbrella reddening, among umbrella mushrooms, a common and very noticeable mushroom. People call him shaggy umbrella for the peculiar scaly cover of his hat, reminiscent of "rags" and "torn pieces of clothing", moreover, coupled with a torn shaggy veil-like ring around his leg.
In the mycological literature, the specific epithet of the blushing umbrella may be written as rachodes rather than rhacodes. This spelling was used by the famous Italian mycologist and physician Carlo Vittadini (1800 - 1865) in his first publication of this type in 1835, but it is only erroneous, because the correct term comes from Greek word rhakos ("rags", "torn pieces of clothing").

✎ Similar species and nutritional value

Umbrella blushing outwardly similar to some species from its own family, for example:
- girl's umbrella (lat. Leucoagaricus nympharum), which many respected mycologists-researchers generally consider a kind of blushing umbrella, but in the new taxonomy of mushrooms it has already been approved as independent, but extremely rare view, assigned to the genus white champignon or leucoagaricus (lat. Leucoagaricus), listed in the Red Book of Russia and Belarus;
- graceful (thin) umbrella (lat. Leucoagaricus gracilenta) and similar species, which are usually smaller in size, with a more slender leg and pulp that does not redden on the cut or break;
- the variegated umbrella, which is much larger than the reddening umbrella and the flesh of which never changes its color.
But such confusion does not carry any threats, because they are all edible mushrooms. It will be much worse if you confuse a blushing umbrella with poisonous mushrooms:
- lead slag chlorophyllum (lat. Chlorophyllum molybdites), which, yes, is also from the champignon family and, although outwardly, resembles edible species, but in fact it is poisonous and very dangerous, it is slightly smaller in size than a blushing umbrella and is distinguished by a lighter cap skin and red-brown pulp when pressed;
- dark brown chlorophyllum (lat. Chlorophyllum brunneum), assigned to the genus chlorophyllum of the champignon family, which also resembles some edible species, but is also poisonous and dangerous, and much smaller in size than a blushing umbrella, and it differs from it in a lighter skin of a hat with large brownish lagging scales and orange or greyish-red flesh when pressed;
- poisonous lepiota, which is highly poisonous and dangerous, but in appearance it is much smaller in size than a blushing umbrella and is distinguished by a gray-pink skin on the cap and pinkish flesh on the cut;
- lepiota scaly, which is also highly poisonous and much smaller than a blushing umbrella and is distinguished by a creamy gray-brown skin of a hat with dark scales arranged in concentric circles converging in the center and forming a continuous cover of a brownish-cherry color, flesh with a fruity smell fresh mushrooms and bad smell bitter almonds - in dried and old mushrooms.
But the worst thing is that inexperienced mushroom pickers can confuse a reddening umbrella with a deadly poisonous one.
- panther fly agaric, which, like the blushing umbrella, is found only in forests, during the same period and has a free volva (a clearly visible thickening in the form of a bag) at the base of its leg, which is sometimes not visible, because it can be located in soil; olive-brown smooth cap with flakes-scales of white or slightly cream color; flesh with a very unpleasant, fetid odor.
And if this happens, then the irreparable happens, which is scary to even think about. That is why, for most mushroom pickers, all umbrella mushrooms cause fair suspicion, in connection with which they, by right, become legitimate prey only for experienced mushroom pickers, who are well versed not only in umbrellas, but in all mushrooms.
Based on its consumer and taste characteristics, the reddening umbrella belongs to the edible mushrooms of the fourth category and in very rare cases it can cause mild gastric poisoning and allergic reactions in the form of a skin rash.

✎ Distribution in nature and seasonality

The blushing umbrella is an ordinary soil saprotroph and, among many umbrella mushrooms, is a quite common mushroom of medium size and grows well on fertile humus soils in light forests of coniferous and mixed type, in clearings and edges, clearings and clearings, in gardens or parks, found in meadows, fields and steppes, alone or not large groups. The habitat halo of a blushing umbrella is also large, like that of a white umbrella or a motley umbrella, and it will be much easier to say where it is not to be found than to list all the places of its presence that are on all continents, except for the ice of Antarctica.
Active growth in him, however, as well as in a white umbrella or a motley umbrella, begins every year in different time, but always a little later than theirs. So, usually, the beginning of the ripening season at the reddening umbrella always coincides with the beginning of heavy summer rains, already at the end of June and continues until the end of October.

✎ Brief description and application

Umbrella blushing - representative of the section agaric. Its plates are white or cream-colored, frequent, thin, free and widened in the middle part, with smooth edges and easily separated from the cap, and when pressed, turn orange-red. The cap is fleshy, at first spherical or egg-shaped, then opens and becomes bell-shaped or flat, in the form of an umbrella, with a wide smooth tubercle in the center. The edges of the cap are first turned up, later straighten out, sometimes cracking. The surface of the cap is dry to the touch, beige or gray-brown in color, with a reddish tint, darker towards the center, covered with large quadrangular fibrous scales arranged in circles. The stem is cylindrical and tapers upward, thin, long, smooth, hollow inside, with a thickening at the base and separated from the cap by a dense cuff ring, in the form of a fringe, of a pale pinkish color. The surface of the leg is finely fibrous, whitish or brownish in color. The pulp is friable, tender in the cap, hard-fibered in the stalk, white, becomes reddish-brown on the cut (especially in the stalk), with a strong odor and a mild, but pleasant taste.

Only hats (preferably young mushrooms) are suitable for eating the fruits of a blushing umbrella, the legs are too hard and nutritional value Dont Have. Before cooking these mushrooms, their caps should be well cleaned of scales, and the legs should be removed altogether. They use reddening umbrella mushrooms, usually freshly prepared, but you can still dry them, and then prepare mushroom powder from them for mushroom spices. Salting and marinating them is not recommended.

Edible umbrella mushroom, according to many experienced mushroom pickers, is one of the most delicious and healthy representatives of the mushroom kingdom. Umbrellas belong to the Champignon family. Unfortunately, they do not enjoy great popularity in our country, due to their similarity with some types of deadly poisonous mushrooms.

Botanical description

AT forest areas quite often there are huge representatives of this species, resembling giant umbrellas, lined up in a characteristic "witch's circle".

These reach a height of 0.35-0.45 m, and the diameter of the cap reaches 0.25-0.35 m. In young specimens, the plates are closely pressed against the stem, with age they turn into a horizontal arrangement. There are many types of umbrellas, the main ones are presented in the table.

Photo gallery

Most edible mushrooms growing in our country have toxic doppelgangers, and the umbrella view is no exception in this regard. False or inedible umbrella mushroom is represented by two main varieties:

• lead slag chlorophyllum (Chlorophyllum molybdites);
• dark brown chlorophyllum (Chlorophyllum brunneum).

Both species, due to the soil and climatic features of our country, are not widely distributed in Russia and are found mainly in America, Eurasia, Australia and Africa.

Umbrella mushroom: collection features (video)

Many inexperienced mushroom pickers confuse Macrolepiota with fly agaric . However, these two species are easily distinguished by the following features:

• the presence of a three-layer ring on the Macrolepiota stem, which can be easily shifted both up and down;
• umbrellas completely lack the remains of a bedspread on the leg;
• Amanitas have a smooth and shiny cap, while Macrolepiota is characterized by a matte surface.

Edible umbrellas are characterized by pronounced cracking of the skin, but in the central part it always remains intact.

Distribution area

Umbrella belongs to the category of saprotrophs and prefers sandy soils in light forests. Quite often found in clearings and forest edges, and also feels good in forest clearings or clearings. In some years it can be found in open areas, in recent times becomes a frequent visitor to the territory of forest parks and household plots. It grows best in temperate climates.

Fruiting occurs from early summer to mid-autumn. The lamellar mushroom grows singly or in small groups. The species is prone to the formation of "witch circles".

Cooking methods

Preparing dishes from Macrolepiota is very simple. These mushrooms are suitable for making soups, very tasty and nutritious main courses, cold appetizers.

Even novice housewives can cook aromatic soup from umbrellas:

• rinse and soak the mushrooms for a couple of hours in cold and salted water;
• rinse the mushrooms again and cut into medium-sized pieces;
• slice onion and potatoes;
• grate peeled carrots on a coarse grater;
• sauté on vegetable oil onions with carrots until tender;
• pour mushrooms with water, bring to a boil and cook for 20-25 minutes;
• add potatoes to the soup, and after 15 minutes add sauté and spices and cook until tender.

Mushroom soup should be served with fresh herbs and fresh sour cream.

Baked umbrellas, which are prepared according to the following recipe, have a unique mushroom aroma and delicate taste:

• carefully clean and rinse the mushrooms, remove the legs completely;
• beat eggs with salt and chopped garlic in a blender;
• Dip mushroom caps in egg mixture and roll in breadcrumbs.

Received mushroom blanks you can bake in the oven or fry in a hot pan until golden brown. You can use such a dish not only hot, but also cold.

And mixed forests almost throughout our country. Outwardly, the umbrella mushroom resembles some. Therefore, it gets into the basket only among those mushroom pickers who are well versed in the varieties of representatives of the mushroom kingdom.

There are three main varieties of umbrella mushrooms. These are white, motley and reddening umbrella mushrooms. They differ not only in their appearance, but also in the places of their growth. Therefore, we will consider each of them separately so that you can form your own idea of ​​\u200b\u200bthis common mushroom.

Where does the parasol mushroom grow?

Mushroom umbrella begins to delight mushroom pickers with its growth from the beginning of July. At this time, you can find variegated and white species of this fungus in large quantities in the fields, pastures and along the roads. A little later, in early August, in mixed and coniferous forests the mycelium of the reddening umbrella begins to bear fruit. It begins its active growth after a heavy summer rain, followed by a clear and warm weather. Literally the next day you can go to mushroom hunting to nearby forests and fields.

It should be remembered that the structural composition of the soil is important for the umbrella fungus. He loves well-drained, humus-rich soils. Therefore, the largest colonies are found on pastures, where for several years there is a walking of a large cattle. In forest conditions, he chooses places for his reproduction, densely covered with a soddy layer of humus and fallen leaves.

We collect mushroom motley umbrella

It is quite difficult to confuse the motley umbrella mushroom with another representative of this type of vegetation. This is enough big mushroom with a characteristic ovoid cap. During life, the hat reaches 25 cm in diameter. As it grows, it gradually changes its shape, turning into a bell and then completely spreading the edges into a flat saucer. There is a small tubercle in the center of the cap. The color scheme of the umbrella cap varies from gray to bright brown. Distinctive feature- covering the outer surface of the cap with small triangular scales. On the inside of the cap are white plates. With age, they acquire a reddish tint. Below the plates is a membranous ring that separates them from the stem.

The leg usually grows up to 35 cm in length. At the same time, it remains quite thin, up to 3 cm in diameter. The outer surface is covered with scales.

We are looking for a mushroom umbrella blushing

The blushing umbrella mushroom differs from its variegated counterpart in a more modest size. His hat can only grow up to 20 cm. A distinctive feature lies not only in the color of the outer surface of the hat. It changes as it grows. At first, the hat is gray, then it turns red. In addition, the scales covering the outer surface of the cap of the reddening umbrella are quite remarkable. They are square in shape.

The leg is thin and long, covered with scales. The stem is separated from the cap by a dense ring, which consists of the pulp of the mushroom. You can help identify the umbrella mushroom photos, which are presented below in the photo gallery.

What does white umbrella mushroom look like?

White umbrella mushroom is the most common type in middle lane Russia. He meets with the same success as on various types forests, as well as pastures, parks and gardens.

The cap of the mushroom is not large, it has an ovoid shape at the beginning of growth. Then it opens up like an umbrella. The diameter of the cap of the mushroom white umbrella in the open state is 10 cm. The inner pulp, plates and stem of the mushroom have White color throughout the lifespan. But the leg can be seen a thin membranous ring, which moves quite easily along the length. The stem is thin and long.

• Division: Basidiomycota (Basidiomycetes)
• Subdivision: Agaricomycotina (Agaricomycetes)
• Class: Agaricomycetes (Agaricomycetes)
• Subclass: Agaricomycetidae (Agaricomycetes)
• Order: Agaricales (Agaric or Lamellar)
• Family: Agaricaceae (Champignon)
• Genus: Chlorophyllum (Chlorophyllum)
• View: Chlorophyllum rhacodes (Blushing Umbrella)

Synonyms:

• Umbrella shaggy

• chicken coop

Hat:
In a reddening umbrella, the cap diameter is from 10-15 cm (up to 30), first ovoid or spherical, then hemispherical, umbrella-shaped. Cap color brown various shades. Adult specimens are densely covered with brown fibrous tiled scales, which are completely absent in young specimens. In the center, the cap is darker, without scales. The flesh is white, thick, becomes cottony with age, and turns red when cut. The smell and taste are weak, pleasant.

Records:
The plates at the reddening umbrella are attached to the collarium (a cartilaginous ring at the junction of the cap and stem), frequent, at first creamy white, then with a reddish tinge.

Spore powder:
White.

Leg:
Long, up to 20 cm, 1-2 cm in diameter, strongly thickened at the bottom when young, then cylindrical with a tuberous base, hollow, fibrous, smooth, gray-brown. It is often deeply immersed in fallen needles. The ring is not wide, collected, mobile, brownish.

Spreading:
The reddening umbrella grows from July to the end of October in spruce and mixed forests, often adjacent to anthills. During the period of abundant fruiting (usually the end of August) it can grow in very large groups. It can also bear fruit abundantly in October, during the period of "late mushrooms".

Similar species:
Often confused with, from which it differs in its place of growth (although not always), smaller size, much more shaggy hat, smooth leg (it is covered with transverse cracks and small scales), a darker ring, and most importantly, the flesh rapidly reddening at the break, especially in the leg.

Edibility:
Among people who understand, a blushing umbrella is considered excellent. edible mushroom. The legs are said to be inedible due to their rigidity. I would argue with both the first and the second statement ...

Remarks
What can I say, an umbrella - beautiful mushroom. Of course, this species in contrast, it is devoid of any grotesqueness, and rarely grows to the size of a good stool, but this, in my opinion, is already superfluous. The blushing umbrella is a bright mushroom with a well-established character; meeting with it is always a holiday. But it is probably not worth depriving the old dark spruce forest of such decoration: gastronomic glory, in my opinion, is greatly exaggerated. Cotton astringent pulp will please only a deliberate lover. In a hungry year, however, you can chew on elastic fibrous legs, having previously marinated them with spices. It turns out a little worse.