Targeting companies. What is targeted admission to a university and how to get a higher education for free

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A student who receives education according to the target set receives a guarantee of employment immediately after graduation;
the competition is much lower. For example, in 2016, 1-2 applicants applied for one place;
after the third year, the enterprise provides the opportunity to work on a flexible schedule;
wide opportunities for career growth.

Target Disadvantages:

The young specialist does not have the right to choose and is obliged to comply with the conditions that are prescribed in the contract. Otherwise, he will have to reimburse all the costs of his education.

How to get a targeted referral for free education: a step by step guide

If you decide to enroll in a university on a targeted basis, then you need to start preparing in advance, and not on the eve of the start of the admission campaign at the university. You can contact the person responsible for the career guidance of graduates at the school, the class teacher or director, and also act independently. In any case, the algorithm of actions for entering a university for targeted admission is as follows:

Decide on the one you want to receive and select;
Find an enterprise that matches the direction of future training and is ready to provide tuition fees. You can do this in two ways - on your own or through the local administration (municipality). In case of self-appeal, you need to talk with the director and state your request on paper, indicating the desired higher institution and specialty. If the enterprise agreed to assist the future specialist, then it itself submits a corresponding application to the local administration. When contacting the local administration, in addition to the application, you also need to provide a reference from the school. After that, the applicant concludes standard contract on targeted training with a federal government body or a local government body (or a state company, business entity, organization).
Apply to the selected university and provide the necessary documents:

Certificate (original)
certificate of USE results and other documents required by the university;
targeted training agreement

Successfully complete the competition USE results.

Please note that many of them successfully cooperate with the largest Russian enterprises, so you can contact the admission committee of the university and clarify your possibilities for entering the target set.

Advice: If you decide to participate in the targeted admission program, carefully read the terms of the agreement with the enterprise before signing. Also specify how much tuition will be paid - in full or in part. Find out about scholarships and housing.

Preparing for admission, applicants ask a variety of questions: what to prefer - budgetary or paid department, a state university or a commercial one, which department to choose in the future, will the specialty be in demand? Every year there are more and more opportunities. And recently another interesting option has appeared - targeted reception.

The target technique, unusually popular in Soviet times, is back in fashion. Some see this as a return to government distribution. In reality, everything is much more democratic: to act or not to act in the direction of the organization is up to you, and working after graduation for five years is not as strictly necessary as in the old days.

The Government of the Russian Federation has long been seriously concerned about the decrease in the effectiveness of spending on training specialists. In some sectors, such as agriculture, medicine, education, there is an acute shortage of personnel. In the most important areas that support the economy and culture of the country, there was simply no one to work! Therefore, the State Plan for Training Personnel, the Decree of the Government of Moscow and about 25 more documents and orders appeared, designed to establish educational process and revive target reception. And applicants have expanded opportunities: they can enter state-funded, commercial or targeted places.

According to the law of 2004, targeted training of specialists is carried out at the request of municipalities at the expense of federal budget. A commission is being created to find out exactly what kind of specialists the enterprises of the region need and accumulate this information. The municipality also finds applicants for targeted places.

But for the time being, the former scheme of targeted admission continues to operate in universities: when applicants are sent by specific enterprises that pay for their education. After receiving a diploma, you will need to work at this enterprise for at least three years or return all the money for five years of study.

Who and where

Among the target recipients are not only yesterday's schoolchildren, but also officials and seconded reputable specialists whom organizations send to receive a second higher or additional education for MBA programs.

Target admission is practiced in many well-known universities in Moscow: Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN), Russian State Medical University (RSMU), State University of Management (GUU), Russian Academy of Economics. G.V. Plekhanov, the All-Russian State Tax Academy of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Taxes and Duties (VGNA), etc.

Usually, targeted admission for residents of Moscow and the Moscow Region does not differ from that for residents of other regions and is regulated by the "Regulations on Targeted Admission". However, for example, in universities with an agricultural orientation, preference is given to children from the outback, who are sent by agro-industrial enterprises. And in some educational institutions places are provided specifically for the admission of applicants from Chechnya or for graduates of schools in Moscow and the Moscow region. Thus, in 2006, Moscow State Pedagogical University (MPGU) provided Muscovites and residents of the Moscow region: 158 places for full-time training in various specialties, from history to computer science, and 24 places for part-time form learning. In some universities, "target students" are accepted only for full-time education (RSMU), in others - for evening education (MGIU).

Competition is required

Applicants in the target area go through a separate competition - as a rule, it is small. However, in the secretariat of the Moscow State Agroengineering University. V.P. Goryachkina say that it is difficult to predict. If, for example, there are few applicants this year, then next year enterprises may send too many applicants, and the competition will be no lower than for state-funded places. There are usually no restrictions on specialties, in the target area you can enter at least "Mechanization Agriculture", even to "Economics and Management at Enterprises." The only "but" is that a certain faculty is indicated in the direction, and you will no longer be able to urgently switch to another.

The number of target places is regulated by educational institutions. The main condition is that admission should be carried out on a competitive basis. The rules of some universities set a minimum of 2 people per place, others - 1.2. If there are too few applicants, then places are reduced. But to increase the number of seats after the start entrance examinations the university is not eligible.

Usually, to be among the students, it is enough to pass the exams at least for triples. Say, for state employees, the passing score can be 40, and for target students for the same specialty - only 29. Moreover, in some universities, for example, at the Moscow State Mining University (MGGU), the selection committee, when considering the issue personally, takes into account such merits of the applicant , as participation in olympiads, own creative developments, awards - and can enroll him in the first year, even if he did not pass the competition.

be careful

To get a referral and enroll in a university for a targeted recruitment, you need to contact the school principal, who is ready to intercede for you before the municipality, or directly to the municipality, where applications from employers are received. Another option is to find an institution yourself that will agree to pay for your studies: it can be either a large state enterprise or a small commercial firm. Elena, student of MIIT: "I entered the target area in 2005, having passed one exam for a four and two for triples. I'm sure it's easier to do this than for budget places, around which there is constant hype. It's not such a secret that most of my of acquaintances of the target recipients received a referral from the organizations their parents work in. Universities, in general, don’t care who sends you and where, but such cooperation is useful for students and enterprises. By the way, if the target recipient does not want to work, he can agree with firm, leave and pay off the debt in installments.

It is better to submit an application at the end of May, and start dealing with this issue even earlier - in winter-spring. Together with the application to the selection committee, you need to bring a tripartite agreement, which is concluded between the Customer (enterprise), the Contractor (university) and the Consumer (you). Be careful when signing the contract, read and discuss all its points with your parents or acquaintances who are knowledgeable in matters of jurisprudence. The papers may indicate that you need to work for three years, or maybe ten ...

How to correctly draw up documents will be explained in the admission committee of the university and in the municipality or the personnel department of the organization. The contract must be signed by the head, chief accountant of the future employer and certified with a seal. If you do not have time to submit the contract to the selection committee within the prescribed period, then you will be removed from participation in the competition for targeted training.

During the study, force majeure circumstances are possible, which are also agreed in advance in the contract. For example, if you are expelled from the university for poor study, then you will not be reinstated on the same conditions. If the reason is valid, then the contract will have to be concluded again, but taking into account the previous training period. There should be provision for postponing the fulfillment of contractual obligations in cases such as maternity leave, parental leave or academic leave.

There is a problem...

It is really easier to enter the direction - on such preferential terms, only inveterate losers do not get into the university. Maksim, student of the State University of Management (SUM): "I was not very worried about the competition. When the results were posted after the exams, the target students were marked separately there. I saw my first four and realized that I would do it. The main thing for me is that the prospects are immediately clear: no need puzzle over where to go to work, and you can even get an internship at "your" enterprise.

The only problem for an ordinary applicant is to get a referral. With ease, it is given to future doctors, teachers and agricultural workers, who are then ready to work in the outback. In universities of the corresponding profile in some specialties up to 40% budget places are targeted. And in more prestigious educational institutions at the expense of the state, relatives or children of officials often study. Upon graduation, they find a good and good reason not to fulfill the terms of the contract. So it turns out that the main idea of the targeted technique is practically not realized.

The same applicants who enter the general competition are dissatisfied with the innovation. Due to the fact that part of the budget places goes to the target beneficiaries, they have to endure for exams tougher competition. As a result, students study for free, who, perhaps, do not always deserve it, but managed to get directions. And the more capable are "overboard" or forced to pay for education themselves.

Some experts see a way out in the "depersonalization" of the target method. In other words, municipalities should provide information on the number of specialists needed, but not lists of targeted individuals. And for the allocated places, universities will select the best of those who would like to study in the areas. And only after enrollment, freshmen will conclude contracts.

In any case, it is too early to judge how well the targeted approach has justified itself, whether it has more minuses or pluses. Perhaps the future will show this, when current students join the ranks of graduates.

Essential question: how can an applicant get a referral?

Valentin Vinogradov, First Vice-Rector - Vice-Rector for academic work MIIT:

– In order to enter the Moscow State University of Railway Transport on the terms of targeted training, you must present the direction of the organization with which the university has an agreement on such training, pass the entrance exams and pass the competition. Branches of OAO "Russian railways", the Transstroy group of companies, the Moscow Metro, research and design institutes (VNIIZhT, VNIIAS, Transelectroproekt), etc.

One of the complaints about the admission campaigns of recent years is a significant number of target recipients and beneficiaries, because of which it is impossible to “break through” to budget places. How is it going target set to universities, says Vice-Rector of the SU-HSE Grigory Kantorovich.

Grigory Gelmutovich, in Soviet time target set used to be pretty common, but now? How many applicants do this? Who sends them where?

The Ministry of Education and Science “allocates” no more than 20% of total number budget places of the university. But surely there are violators of this requirement. In general, across the country, the target enrollment is much smaller.

State and local government bodies can send applicants to study at universities according to the target set. This is a pretty strong limitation. So, we at the HSE were approached with a request for a target recruitment from the Accounts Chamber. We refused - precisely on the grounds that the Accounts Chamber is not a body government controlled. We can accept for training, for example, by order of the government of the Russian Federation, State Duma, regional administrations.

The very norm of the target set is widely used by branch universities. For example, in the Moscow state university message paths has always been a large target set.

- Is there a competition among target beneficiaries? How are they enrolled?

The mechanism is the following. First, let's say, the administration of the region applies to the university with an official proposal-request to allocate places for the target set. This appeal is considered by the Academic Council of the university. If he agrees to accept applicants, then an agreement is concluded, which indicates the number of places for the target recruitment per group of specialties.

By the beginning of the admission campaign, the organization must send a list of applicants for the target recruitment to the university. Moreover, there should be more of them than the number of budget places, so that a separate competition can be organized among them. According to the admission rules, it should be at least 1.2 people per seat. The norm, of course, is ridiculous, because according to the results of the Unified State Examination, it is now easy to understand who passes through this competition. In fact, the organization can pre-form a list of those who will be enrolled in the university.

- After graduation, are graduates obliged to work in the organization that sent them to study?

As a rule, in a request to a university, the organization writes that it needs specialists, guarantees them employment, and even obliges them to return to the region. But, as lawyers say, all this is “legally void.” We do not have serfdom - a person cannot be "secured" to a workplace. By Labor Code this is easy to dispute.

Those who send applicants, I think, understand this, but they are unlikely to care. Over the years of training, the target audience will already change the composition of the administration, and who plans to recruit specialists for several years ahead?

- Does the university have a financial interest in enrolling targeted students? Or financial burden?

There is neither one nor the other. Under the target set, budget places are allocated.

There is another form when an organization sends a person to study at commercial basis. There is no separate set. An applicant must score enough points to be enrolled in a paid department, after which a tripartite agreement is drawn up - between the applicant and his parents, the university and the organization that pays for the education.

It is known that weak applicants enter the target set - otherwise they would have submitted documents on a general basis. But it turns out that the university may abandon the practice of targeted recruitment if it does not want to lower the bar for admission ...

Yes maybe. But only a leading university. The rest will only be glad that they are sent applicants. In the face of a demographic decline educational establishments they don’t get enough applicants even for state-funded places, so they take the weak ones too. For many universities, the target enrollment is a guaranteed contingent of students.

AT target the set is limited and we do not plan to expand it. AT last years we work only at the request of the government of the Russian Federation, for which we allocate 40 state-funded places every year, although in reality the enrollment is even less ... And also with the Republic of Buryatia. There was a request from its head, Vyacheslav Nagovitsyn: we need personnel, we need to raise the region ... But only four people were sent to us from there.

- Is there any certainty that after graduating from the SU-HSE they will return to their home - or will they remain in Moscow?

They will return if they are offered a job and a good salary. Everyone understands that salaries are higher in Moscow, and life is more expensive.

It would seem that the target set is a good norm. In the West, a job guarantee is a strong trump card on the part of the employer, because finding a job is not so easy. But we have because of the difference in salaries in major cities and regions, this rule does not work. Therefore, I personally see no reason to keep it.

The target set is a vestige of the past. AT Soviet years, with mandatory distribution, this rule worked. Now, if you refuse it, I believe, nothing terrible will happen.

SU-HSE Vice-Rector Grigory Kantorovich about the target enrollment in universities

One of the complaints about the admission campaigns of recent years is a significant number of target recipients and beneficiaries, because of which it is impossible to “break through” to budget places. In an interview with RIA Novosti, HSE Vice-Rector Grigory Kantorovich tells how the targeted recruitment to universities is going.

- Grigory Gelmutovich, in Soviet times, the target recruitment was quite common, but now? How many applicants do this? Who sends them where?

State and local government bodies can send applicants to study at universities according to the target set. This is a pretty strong limitation. So, we at the HSE were approached with a request for a target recruitment from the Accounts Chamber. We refused - precisely on the grounds that the Accounts Chamber is not a government body. We can accept for training, for example, by order of the government of the Russian Federation, the State Duma, regional administrations.

The very norm of the target set is widely used by branch universities. For example, Moscow State University of Communications has always had a large target set.

- Is there a competition among target beneficiaries? How are they enrolled?

- After graduation, are graduates obliged to work in the organization that sent them to study?

- Does the university have a financial interest in enrolling targeted students? Or financial burden?

There is neither one nor the other. Under the target set, budget places are allocated.

There is another form when an organization sends a person to study on a commercial basis. There is no separate set. An applicant must score enough points to be enrolled in a paid department, after which a tripartite agreement is drawn up - between the applicant and his parents, the university and the organization that pays for the education.

- It is known that weak applicants enter the target set - otherwise they would have submitted documents on a general basis. But it turns out that the university may abandon the practice of targeted recruitment if it does not want to lower the bar for admission ...

Yes maybe. But only a leading university. The rest will only be glad that they are sent applicants. In the context of a demographic decline, educational institutions are not getting enough applicants even for state-funded places, so they take the weak ones as well. For many universities, the target enrollment is a guaranteed contingent of students.

At SU-HSE, the target enrollment is limited, and we do not plan to expand it. In recent years, we have been working only at the request of the Russian government, for which we allocate 40 state-funded places every year, although in reality the enrollment is even less ... And also with the Republic of Buryatia. There was a request from its head, Vyacheslav Nagovitsyn: we need personnel, we need to raise the region ... But only four people were sent to us from there.

- Is there any certainty that after graduating from the SU-HSE they will return to their home - or will they remain in Moscow?

They will return if they are offered a job and a good salary. Everyone understands that salaries are higher in Moscow, and life is more expensive.

It would seem that the target set is a good norm. In the West, a job guarantee is a strong trump card on the part of the employer, because finding a job is not so easy. But because of the difference in salaries in large cities and regions, this norm does not work in our country. Therefore, I personally see no reason to keep it.

The target set is a vestige of the past. In the Soviet years, with mandatory distribution, this norm worked. Now, if you refuse it, I believe, nothing terrible will happen.

Targeted university enrollment is a relic of the past

One of the complaints about the admission campaigns of recent years is a significant number of target recipients and beneficiaries, because of which it is impossible to “break through” to budget places. How is the target admission to universities, in an interview with RIA Novosti says the Vice-Rector HSE Grigory Kantorovich.

- Grigory Gelmutovich, in Soviet times, the target recruitment was quite common, but now? How many applicants do this? Who sends them where?

The Ministry of Education and Science “allocates” no more than 20% of the total number of budget places at the university to the target enrollment. But surely there are violators of this requirement. In general, across the country, the target enrollment is much smaller.
State and local government bodies can send applicants to study at universities according to the target set. This is a pretty strong limitation. So, we at the HSE were approached with a request for a target recruitment from the Accounts Chamber. We refused - precisely on the grounds that the Accounts Chamber is not a government body. We can accept for training, for example, by order of the government of the Russian Federation, the State Duma, regional administrations.

The very norm of the target set is widely used by branch universities. For example, Moscow State University of Communications has always had a large target set.

- Is there a competition among target beneficiaries? How are they enrolled?

- After graduation, are graduates obliged to work in the organization that sent them to study?

- Does the university have a financial interest in enrolling targeted students? Or financial burden?

There is neither one nor the other. Under the target set, budget places are allocated.

- It is known that weak applicants enter the target group - otherwise they would have submitted documents on a general basis. But it turns out that the university may abandon the practice of targeted recruitment if it does not want to lower the bar for admission ...

- Is there any certainty that after graduating from the SU-HSE they will return to their home - or will they remain in Moscow?

They will return if they are offered a job and a good salary. Everyone understands that salaries are higher in Moscow, and life is more expensive.

The target set is a vestige of the past. In the Soviet years, with mandatory distribution, this norm worked. Now, if you refuse it, I believe, nothing terrible will happen.

The material was prepared by Elena Kuznetsova (SU-HSE),