Mandatory elements of financial control. Financial control

Financial control, on the one hand, is one of the final stages of financial management, and on the other hand, it is a necessary condition for the effectiveness of financial management. Financial control is, as it were, a litmus test, on which the whole process of the movement of financial resources is actually manifested, starting from the stage of formation of financial resources necessary to start an activity in any area, and ending with obtaining the financial results of this activity.

Financial control is a set of actions and operations to check the financial and related issues of the activities of business entities and management using specific forms and methods of its organization.

Financial control is an integral part of the financial management process. It is due to the most important functions of finance: distribution and control. The process of distribution and redistribution of the value of GDP must be accompanied by the control of cash flows in the economy.

Financial control is a legislatively regulated activity of specially created control institutions and controllers - auditors for compliance with financial legislation and financial discipline of all economic entities, as well as for the expediency and efficiency of their financial transactions.

Thus, financial control is not limited to the legal and quantitative aspects and has an analytical aspect.

Financial control includes control over compliance with financial legislation in the process of formation and use of the fund of funds, assessment of the economic efficiency of financial business transactions and expediency of the expenses incurred.

Financial control is designed to ensure the interests and rights of both the state and its institutions, and all other economic entities. Financial violations are subject to sanctions and fines.

Thus, financial control is control over the legality and expediency of actions in the field of education, distribution and use of monetary funds of the state and municipalities in order to effectively socially economic development country and its regions.

Financial control has the following tasks:

Promoting a balance between the need for financial resources and the amount of cash income and funds National economy;

Ensuring the timeliness and completeness of the fulfillment of financial obligations to the state budget;

Identification of intra-production reserves for the growth of financial resources, including for reducing costs and increasing profitability;

Promoting the rational use of material assets and financial resources at enterprises, organizations and budgetary institutions, as well as the proper management accounting and reporting;

Ensuring compliance with legislation and regulations (in the field of taxation of enterprises belonging to various organizational and legal forms);

Promoting a high return on foreign economic activity of enterprises, including foreign exchange transactions.

Financial control performs the following functions:

Checking the expenditure of public funds (correspondence of expenditures with the requested amounts and efficiency of use of public funds);

Checking the timeliness and completeness of fundraising in public resources on all links of the financial system;

Checking compliance with accounting and reporting rules.

Types of financial control.

Depending on the subjects exercising financial control, the following types of financial control are distinguished: national, municipal, departmental, intra-economic, public and audit.

Methods of financial control.

According to the methods of financial control, i.e. techniques and methods of its implementation, distinguish between: checks, surveys, supervision, analysis financial activities, audits, observations (monitoring).

1. An audit is carried out on certain issues of financial and economic activity on the basis of reporting, balance sheet and expenditure documents. Violations of financial discipline are identified and measures are planned to eliminate their negative consequences.

2. The survey covers certain aspects of the activities of enterprises, organizations, institutions, but unlike audits - for a wider range of indicators, and determines the financial situation of economic agencies, their development prospects, the need for reorganization or reorientation of production. Polls and surveys are being conducted.

3. Analysis as a method of financial control should be systemic and factor by factor. It is carried out according to periodic or annual reporting. The level of implementation of the plan, compliance with the norms of spending funds, financial discipline, etc. are revealed.

4. Audit - a method of documentary control over the financial and economic activities of an enterprise, organization, institution, compliance with legislation on financial issues, the reliability of accounting and reporting, a method of documentary disclosure of shortages, expenses, misappropriation and theft of funds and material values, prevention of financial abuse.

Revisions are:

Complex, which cover all aspects of the enterprise;

Partial (cover only its individual sides);

Thematic audits (simultaneously carried out in the same type of institutions on a specific list of issues);

Scheduled and unscheduled;

Continuous and selective revisions (depending on the completeness of the involved documents).

According to the nature of the material on the basis of which audits are carried out, they are divided into documentary (verifying the authenticity of reporting documents and records in accounting registers) and actual (checking the availability of cash and material assets in kind).

Based on the results of the audit, an act is drawn up, on the basis of which measures are developed aimed at eliminating the identified shortcomings.

5. Supervision is carried out by regulatory authorities over economic entities that have received a license for a particular type of financial activity, and involves their compliance with established rules and regulations.

6. Observation (monitoring) - constant control from the outside credit organizations for the use of the issued loan and the financial condition of the client enterprise; inefficient use of the received loan and a decrease in solvency can lead to tightening of credit conditions, the requirement of early repayment of the loan.

State financial control in accordance with established legislation Russian Federation delimitation of functions and powers is assigned to

1. Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation,

The tasks of the Accounts Chamber are:

Organization and implementation of control over the timely execution of revenue and expenditure items of the federal budget and federal budgets off-budget funds by volume, structure and purpose;

Determining the efficiency and expediency of spending public funds and using federal property;

Assessment of the validity of income and expenditure items of draft federal budgets and budgets of federal extra-budgetary funds;

Financial expertise of draft federal laws, as well as regulatory legal acts of federal government bodies that provide for expenses covered from the federal budget or affect the formation and execution of the federal budget and the budgets of federal extra-budgetary funds;

Analysis of identified deviations from the established indicators of the federal budget and the budgets of federal extra-budgetary funds and preparation of proposals aimed at eliminating them, as well as improving the budget process as a whole;

Control over the legality and timeliness of the movement of funds from the federal budget and funds from federal off-budget funds in the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, authorized banks and other financial and credit institutions of the Russian Federation;

Regular submission to the Federation Council and the State Duma of information on the implementation of the federal budget and the results of ongoing control measures.

2. Central Bank of the Russian Federation,

The main functions of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation include:

Monopoly issue of cash and organization of their circulation,

Function of financial agent, banker of the Government,

Financing of credit and banking institutions (“bank of banks”),

Credit and monetary regulation and banking supervision.

3. Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation

The Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation (Minfin of Russia) is the federal executive body responsible for the development of public policy and legal regulation in the field of budgetary, tax, insurance, currency, banking, credit cooperation, microfinance activities, financial markets, public debt, auditing, accounting and financial reporting, production, processing and circulation precious metals and precious stones, customs payments, determination of the customs value of goods, formation and investment of pension savings, including those included in the payment reserve, organization and holding of lotteries, gambling, production and circulation of protected printing products, financial security public service, investing savings for housing provision of military personnel - participants in the accumulative mortgage system, state regulation of the activities of non-state pension funds, management companies, specialized depositories and actuaries for non-state pension provision, compulsory pension insurance and professional pension insurance (with the exception of state regulation of legal relations between a non-state pension fund and participants in a non-state pension fund, insured persons and their legal successors, as well as in terms of legal relations, the subject of which is the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation), state regulation in the field of shared construction of apartment buildings and (or) other real estate, credit history bureaus.

4. The Federal Treasury (the Treasury of Russia) is a federal executive body (federal service) that, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, exercises law enforcement functions to ensure the execution of the federal budget, cash services for the execution of budgets of the budget system of the Russian Federation, preliminary and current control over the conduct of operations with funds of the federal budget by the main administrators, administrators and recipients of federal budget funds. It is administered by the Ministry of Finance.

5. Federal Tax Service.

The Federal Tax Service (FTS of Russia) is a federal executive body that exercises control and supervision over compliance with the legislation of the Russian Federation on taxes and fees, over the correct calculation, completeness and timeliness of paying taxes and fees to the relevant budget, in cases provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation. Federation, for the correctness of the calculation, completeness and timeliness of making other mandatory payments to the appropriate budget, as well as for the production and circulation of tobacco products and for compliance with the currency legislation of the Russian Federation within the competence of the tax authorities.

The Federal Tax Service is an authorized federal executive body that carries out state registration of legal entities, individuals as individual entrepreneurs and peasant (farm) enterprises, as well as by the authorized federal executive body that ensures the representation in bankruptcy cases and in bankruptcy proceedings of claims for the payment of mandatory payments and claims of the Russian Federation for monetary obligations.

The Federal Tax Service carries out its activities directly and through its territorial bodies in cooperation with other federal executive authorities, executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local governments and state non-budgetary funds, public associations and other organizations.

The Federal Customs Service (FCS of Russia) is a federal executive body exercising, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, the functions of control and supervision in the field of customs, as well as the functions of a currency control agent and special functions to combat smuggling, other crimes and administrative offenses.

On May 11, 2006, by decree of the President of the Russian Federation, the Federal Customs Service was placed under the control of the Government of the Russian Federation. Previously, the FCS of Russia was subordinate to the Ministry of Economic Development and Trade.

The FCS has the following main functions:

Maintaining registers of persons, organizations and objects included in the field of customs (customs brokers, intellectual property, etc.),

Issuance of certificates and permits for the right to operate in certain areas of customs affairs,

Determination of the procedure and direct implementation of customs clearance and control,

Classification of goods in accordance with the commodity nomenclature of foreign economic activity (TN VED) (as well as maintaining TN VED), determination of the country of origin and customs value of goods and vehicles transported across the customs border of the Russian Federation,

Law enforcement- fight against offenses in the field of customs,

Some advisory services provided free of charge to participants in foreign economic activity.

The function of collecting customs payments - customs duties and customs fees - stands out in particular. Along with internal taxes and revenues from state property management, customs payments are one of the main types of federal budget revenues.

Control and audit bodies of federal executive bodies, as well as other bodies exercising control over the receipt and expenditure of federal budget funds and federal off-budget funds.

Condition control economy, the development of socio-economic processes in society is an important area of ​​management activity. One of the links in the control system is financial control. Its significance lies in facilitating the successful implementation of the financial policy of the state, ensuring the processes of formation and effective use of financial resources in all spheres and links of the national economy. The role of financial control during the transition to the market increases many times over.

Financial control is a form of implementation of the control function of finance. It determines the purpose and content of financial control. At the same time, the content of control and its orientation change depending on the level of development of the productive forces and the production relations of society. Thus, the expansion of the economic rights of the enterprise, their independence in the implementation of financial activities, the emergence of various organizational and legal forms of entrepreneurship significantly enriches the content of financial control.

Financial control is a set of actions and operations to check the financial and related issues of the activities of economic and management entities using specific forms and methods of its organization.

Financial control has the following tasks:

- promoting a balance between the need for financial resources and the amount of cash income and funds of the national economy;

– ensuring the timeliness and completeness of the fulfillment of financial obligations to the state budget;

- identification of intra-production reserves for the growth of financial resources, including for reducing costs and increasing profitability;

– promoting the rational use of material assets and financial resources at enterprises, organizations and budgetary institutions, as well as the correct accounting and reporting;

– Ensuring compliance with applicable laws and regulations, and others.

TYPES OF FINANCIAL CONTROL

Depending on the entities exercising financial control, there are: control of representative authorities and local self-government, control of executive authorities, control of financial and credit authorities, departmental, on-farm, audit.

By type, financial control is divided into state, on-farm, public and independent (audit) financial control.

State financial control is implemented through the national and departmental. National financial control is carried out by state authorities and administrations. It is aimed at objects that are subject to control, regardless of their departmental subordination. Departmental financial control is carried out by the control and audit departments of ministries, concerns, departments of executive committees of local authorities, etc. Its object is the production and financial activities of subordinate enterprises and institutions.

On-farm financial control is carried out by the economic services of enterprises, organizations and institutions (accounting departments, financial departments, etc.). The object here is the production and financial activities of the enterprise itself, as well as its structural divisions (shops, sections, departments, branches).

Public financial control is carried out by groups, individual individuals (specialists) on the basis of voluntariness and gratuitousness. The object of control depends on the specific task assigned to the inspectors.

Independent financial control is carried out by specialized audit firms and services.

FORMS OF FINANCIAL CONTROL

According to the forms of financial control, depending on the time of its implementation, it is divided into:

- preliminary;

– current;

- subsequent.

Preliminary financial control is carried out at the stage of drawing up, reviewing and approving financial plans of enterprises, estimates of income and expenses of institutions and organizations, draft budgets, texts of contractual agreements, constituent documents, etc.

Current financial control is carried out in the process of executing financial plans, in the course of economic and financial operations, when compliance with the norms and standards for spending inventory and cash is checked.

Subsequent financial control carried out by analyzing and auditing the financial statements at the end of the reporting period.

FINANCIAL CONTROL METHODS

According to the methods of financial control, i.e. techniques and methods of its implementation, there are: inspections, surveys, supervision, analysis of financial activities, audits, observations (monitoring).

The audit is carried out on certain issues of financial and economic activity on the basis of reporting, balance sheet and expenditure documents. Violations of financial discipline are identified and measures are planned to eliminate their negative consequences.

The survey covers certain aspects of the activities of enterprises, organizations, institutions, but unlike inspections, it covers a wider range of indicators, and determines the financial situation of economic agencies, their development prospects, the need for reorganization or reorientation of production.

Analysis as a method of financial control should be systemic and factor by factor. It is carried out according to periodic or annual reporting. The level of implementation of the plan, compliance with the norms of spending funds, financial discipline, etc. are revealed.

The audit is one of the most important methods of financial control and is an audit of the financial and economic activities of enterprises and organizations for the reporting period. Depending on the object, there are complete, partial, thematic and complex revisions. However, they can be planned and unscheduled.

Supervision is carried out by regulatory authorities over economic entities that have received a license for a particular type of financial activity, and involves their compliance with established rules and regulations.

Supervision - constant control by credit institutions over the use of the issued loan and the financial condition of the client enterprise; inefficient use of the received loan and a decrease in solvency can lead to tightening of credit conditions, the requirement of early repayment of the loan.

Financial control is a set of measures taken by the subjects of control to verify financial and related operations and actions of state authorities, municipalities, enterprises, institutions, organizations, as well as the population using specific forms and methods of organization.

Financial control is a form of realization of the control function of finance. It permeates the entire system of monetary relations arising in the process of distribution and redistribution of GDP and part of national wealth in connection with the formation and use of centralized and decentralized funds at all levels of government and at all levels. national economy. This system monetary relations serves as an object of financial control.

The direct subject of control are: budget indicators at all stages of the budget process (drawing up, reviewing, approving and executing the budget, drawing up and approving a report on its execution); financial performance indicators of business entities (profit, income, depreciation, cost, profitability, fixed and working capital, etc.); tax payments to the budget and off-budget funds; indicators characterizing monetary relations; insurance market, other operations and actions that have a value form. Financial control is designed to ensure the interests and rights of not only authorities at different levels, but also business entities and the population. Its goal is to promote the successful implementation of the financial policy of the state and economic entities, to ensure the effectiveness of the process of formation, distribution and use of financial resources in all spheres and links of the country's economy.

Financial control faces the following tasks: promoting a balance between the need for financial resources and the size of the monetary funds of the state and sectors of the economy; ensuring compliance with the current financial (budget, tax, insurance, etc.) legislation; ensuring the timeliness and completeness of the implementation by legal entities and individuals tax liabilities before the budget system and off-budget funds; promoting the efficient and targeted use of centralized and decentralized monetary funds, as well as the rational use of material assets at enterprises, institutions and organizations; identification of reserves for the growth of financial resources, the revenue base of budgets, profits and profitability of enterprises; ensuring the correctness of accounting and reporting; carrying out preventive, informational and explanatory work in order to improve financial discipline, etc.

The solution of these problems is provided, in particular, by the system of responsibility of all participants in financial relations. It includes administrative, criminal, disciplinary and economic (monetary) measures of influence on violators of financial discipline. To exercise financial control in the Russian Federation, specialized control bodies have been created.

Since financial control covers various areas financial and economic life of society, its effectiveness depends on the appropriate organization, types, forms and methods of control. Financial control can be conditionally classified according to different criteria.

Depending on the subjects exercising control, the following types are distinguished:

State control, which is carried out by state authorities. It ensures the interests of the state and society and is aimed at all objects of control, regardless of their departmental affiliation and form of ownership;

Departmental control, carried out by the control and audit departments (departments) of ministries and departments, covers the activities of enterprises, institutions and organizations accountable to them. The advantages of this type of control are manifested in its direct connection with the function of industry management, in the specialization of control in relation to industry (departmental) features of financial and economic activity;

On-farm control carried out by the financial and economic services of business entities and aimed at continuous monitoring of the effectiveness of financial, economic, production, supply and marketing activities, identifying internal reserves, ensuring the safety of cash and material resources, elimination of the causes and conditions that give rise to theft and mismanagement;

Public control performed by non-governmental public organizations or individuals (experts) on a voluntary basis;

Legal control, which is carried out by law enforcement agencies in the form of audits, forensic accounting, etc.;

Civil control exercised by individuals in the taxation of their income and property, their receipt of income in the form of wages, premiums, allowances, dividends, interest, etc.

By the time of the financial control is conditionally divided into preliminary, current and subsequent.

Preliminary control is carried out at the stage of drawing up, reviewing and approving budgets of different levels, cost estimates of budgetary institutions, financial plans and programs, balances of financial resources of territories and other financial and economic documents and draft laws. It is of a preventive nature, helps to prevent inappropriate, inefficient spending of financial resources, to identify reserves for income and profit growth. Preliminary control allows you to choose the most economical solutions when planning the directions of budget allocations, funds of enterprises, organizations for current and capital expenditures.

Current control is the main activity of the subjects of financial control. It is carried out in the course of production, economic and financial operations, budget execution, estimates of income and expenses of budgetary institutions in order to prevent and detect violations of financial (budget, tax) discipline, compliance with financial norms and standards, accounting and reporting requirements. Efficiency is paramount here. The current financial control is based on the primary documents of operational accounting and reporting, involves a systematic factor analysis of the activities of enterprises and organizations in order to identify reserves for the growth of profitability and profit, reduce the cost of products (works, services), overdue receivables and payables, completeness and timeliness of settlements with budget and extrabudgetary funds. At the macro level, in the course of the current analysis, the level of collection of tax and other payments to the budget, the timeliness, completeness and purposefulness of financing federal and territorial socio-economic programs, the size of the budget deficit and temporary cash gaps, sources of their coverage are revealed, the dynamics of the state external and internal debt and etc.

Subsequent financial control is carried out at the end of the financial year or reporting period. In the course of it, the quantitative and qualitative fulfillment of the targets for each type of income and expenditure, for tax and non-tax revenues to the budgets of different levels and the expenditure of budget funds, the implementation of extra-budgetary funds and financial plans (budgets) of enterprises, organizations, estimates of budgetary institutions are checked. At the same time, by analyzing the reporting accounting documents the reasons for the deviation of the actual data from the planned ones, the reserves for increasing the revenue base of budgets, the profitability of enterprises and organizations are identified. Follow-up control is closely interconnected with preliminary control, based on the results of control and analytical work carried out after the end of the reporting period. It allows you to evaluate the effectiveness of the organization of financial work at enterprises and organizations, in ministries and departments, as well as in the control bodies themselves, to identify shortcomings in preliminary and current financial control.

The main methods of carrying out the listed types of financial control are inspections, surveys, analysis and audits.

Audits conducted by state financial control bodies (for example, tax authorities) are divided into documentary (field) and cameral.

Documentary verification is carried out directly at the enterprise, in the organization and institution in the presence of their officials. The sources of information are primary documents, accounting registers, accounting, statistical and operational and technical reporting, cost estimates and calculations for them, tax calculations and other documentation. Seizure of documents for verification outside the enterprise (organization) is prohibited by law. At the same time, the control authorities have been granted the right to seize documents from legal entities that testify to the concealment (understatement) of profits (income) or the concealment of other objects of taxation, embezzlement and misuse of budgetary funds, etc., if there are sufficient grounds to believe that they (documents) can be destroyed, replaced, falsified, etc.

A desk audit is carried out at the location of the control body on the basis of the documents listed above, submitted to it by enterprises, institutions and organizations, and the documents and information of the legal entities and individuals being checked are available to the subject of control.

One of the control methods is survey. The survey consists in the personal acquaintance of the controlling person on the spot with certain aspects of the financial and economic activities of enterprises, institutions and organizations. At the same time, primary accounting documents are not necessarily checked, but control measurements of work, fuel consumption, electricity, verification of hidden objects of financing and taxation are carried out through questioning, questioning, on-site inspection, observation, etc.

An important method of financial control is analysis based on a detailed study of periodic and annual financial and economic reporting, organization of financial and economic activities of enterprises, institutions and organizations. The analysis reveals the level of implementation of planned parameters for income and expenditure of budgets and extra-budgetary funds, financial plans of enterprises and organizations, estimates of income and expenses of budgetary institutions, compliance with financial and natural norms spending, financial discipline, etc.

The main method of financial control is audit. The audit is a complex of interrelated checks of the financial and economic activities of enterprises, institutions, organizations, as well as the work of financial authorities in the preparation and execution of the budget, carried out using the methods of documentary and actual control. Audits are aimed at establishing the validity, expediency and economic efficiency of ongoing business operations, budgetary procedures; observance of financial discipline; preservation of state property; ensuring the reliability of accounting and reporting. The purpose of the audit is to identify and prevent violations in the financial and economic activities of the audited object.

Types of audits are classified according to a number of criteria:

according to the departmental affiliation of the audited bodies - departmental, on-farm;

by the completeness of the coverage of the audited materials - complete and partial, complex and thematic, continuous, selective and combined;

in relation to the plan of control and economic work - planned, unscheduled, sudden;

according to the involved materials and methods of verification - documentary and factual;

in order of using the same documents - primary, additional, repeated; and etc.

Each type of audit has its own specifics, its advantages and disadvantages, and is selected depending on the nature of the general and particular tasks facing the audit, the characteristics of the activity of the audited object, etc.

The revision process is conditionally divided into four stages: preparatory; actual check; systematization and processing of audit materials; implementation of the findings and recommendations based on the results of the audit. The audit report traditionally consists of three parts: introductory - with the attributes of the audit group and the audited object; the main one - with a statement of violations and justification of their causes; final (effective) - with final conclusions, conclusions, recommendations.

Financial Control Bodies

The principle of separation of powers predetermines the creation of financial control bodies accountable to executive and representative authorities.

The executive branch exercises financial control functions through the following institutions.

1. President of the Russian Federation. Presidential control is carried out by exercising the rights of the President of the Russian Federation to form a legal framework, including those regulating the organization of control, and the rights to form the composition of the Government of the Russian Federation.

2. The Main Control Directorate of the President of the Russian Federation operates on the basis of the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of March 16, 1996 No. 383. As a structural unit of the Presidential Administration, it reports directly to the President of the Russian Federation, but interacts with all legislative and executive authorities. Its functions are to control the activities of control and supervision bodies under the federal executive authorities, divisions of the Presidential Administration, executive authorities of the subjects of the Russian Federation; consideration of complaints and appeals of citizens and legal entities, verification of the implementation of federal laws, decrees, orders and instructions of the President of the Russian Federation. The control department has the right to require the heads of state bodies, organizations and enterprises to provide documents, materials and other information necessary for conducting inspections; involve specialists and representatives of law enforcement agencies in inspections and submit proposals based on the results of inspections for consideration by the President. It has the right to send orders to eliminate financial violations, which must be considered by the relevant officials within a month, but is not entitled to independently apply any sanctions.

3. The Government of the Russian Federation controls and regulates the financial activities of ministries and departments, issues of budgetary federalism and interbudgetary relations. Under the Government of the Russian Federation, there is a Control and Supervisory Council that performs a number of control functions in the field of finance.

4. The Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation (Minfin of Russia) occupies special place in the system of national financial control. Financial control is carried out by all departments and departments of the Ministry of Finance of Russia within their competences and areas of activity. However, the Ministry of Finance of Russia has in its structure and special units, designed specifically for control purposes, are the Department of State Financial Control and Audit (established in 1998 on the basis of the Control and Audit Office (KRU) and some other abolished structural divisions of the Ministry of Finance of Russia) and the Department of Insurance Supervision. Control and audit departments of the Ministry of Finance of Russia were also organized in the subjects of the Russian Federation (territorial KRU).

The Department of State Financial Control and Audit organizes and conducts independently and with the involvement of territorial KRU audits and inspections; controls the execution of budgets and extra-budgetary funds, the organization of money circulation, the use of foreign exchange and credit resources, the state of the state internal and external debt, state reserves, the provision of tax benefits; organizes control over the quality of inspections by auditors and audit organizations.

The functions of state insurance supervision are assigned to the Department of Insurance Supervision of the Ministry of Finance of Russia. Its control (supervisory) powers are limited to the scope of insurance activities. The Department licenses the insurance operations of insurers, develops relevant methodological and regulatory documents, as well as proposals for the application of insurance legislation, protects the interests of policyholders in the event of bankruptcy of insurance organizations, conducts inspections of certain aspects of the financial and economic activities of insurers, monitors their compliance with insurance legislation and insurance discipline. In case of detection of violations based on the results of inspections, he has the right to give instructions to insurance organizations to increase the size of reserve funds, change the rates of insurance premiums (premiums), rules and conditions of insurance and reinsurance. In case of non-compliance with these prescriptions, more tough decisions, up to the cancellation of the license or the complete cessation of the activities of the insurance company.

In the process of audits and inspections, the named subjects of control have the right to take measures to eliminate the identified violations of financial discipline and inefficient spending of funds, to give mandatory instructions to eliminate these violations, to compensate for causal damage and to bring the perpetrators to justice in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Another department of the Ministry of Finance of Russia, endowed with broad control functions over the completeness of receipts, targeted and economical use of public funds, are the Main Directorate of the Federal Treasury of the Russian Federation and its local territorial bodies. The main task of the Federal Treasury is to organize and exercise control over the execution of the federal budget of the Russian Federation and federal off-budget funds. The Treasury is entrusted with the function of redistributing taxes received between budgets of different levels in accordance with the standards established by law (percentage deductions). In addition, the treasury authorities (together with other financial authorities) collect, process and analyze information on the state of public finances and submit to the highest representative and executive bodies of state power and administration reporting data on financial transactions of the Government of the Russian Federation (according to the federal budget of the Russian Federation), state federal non-budgetary funds, as well as the state of the budgetary system of the Russian Federation as a whole; manage and service, together with the Central Bank of the Russian Federation and other authorized banks, the state internal and external debt of the Russian Federation; manage revenues and expenditures of the federal budget and off-budget funds on the accounts of the treasury in banks, based on the principle of unity of cash; predict the volume of public financial resources; develop methodological and instructive materials on issues related to the competence of the Treasury; conduct accounting operations for the state treasury of the Russian Federation.

As a control body, in order to strengthen financial discipline, the Federal Treasury has been granted the following rights:

Perform in ministries, departments, enterprises, institutions and organizations, banks and other financial and credit institutions of any form of ownership, including joint ventures, checks of monetary documents, accounting registers, reports, plans, estimates and other documents related to enrollment , transfer and use of funds from the republican (federal) budget of the Russian Federation;

Receive from the financial, credit and tax authorities certificates and information on the status of the accounts of enterprises and institutions using the federal budget and federal extra-budgetary funds necessary for monitoring and regulating budgetary processes;

Suspend operations on the accounts of enterprises, institutions and organizations using funds from the federal budget of the Russian Federation and extra-budgetary funds, in cases of failure to submit accounting and financial documents related to the use of these funds to the treasury bodies;

Impose penalties on banks or other credit institutions in cases of untimely crediting of funds received in the income of the federal budget and extra-budgetary funds, or transfer of funds from these funds to the accounts of recipients;

Collect in an indisputable manner budgetary and extra-budgetary funds received by enterprises, institutions and organizations, if they are not used for their intended purpose, with the imposition of a fine in the amount of the current discount rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation;

Seize, on the basis of a written decision of an official of the treasury body, documents indicating violations of financial discipline;

Require the heads and other officials of the audited bodies to eliminate the identified violations and shortcomings in the procedure for budget execution.

To strengthen control over the execution of the revenue part of the budget in the Russian Federation, state tax control bodies have been created and are functioning.

5. The Ministry of the Russian Federation for Taxes and Duties (MNS RF) is a single centralized and independent system of inspection bodies, which is part of the system of central authorities government controlled. The structure of the Ministry of Taxation of the Russian Federation is organized according to functional and territorial features. The main divisions of the tax authorities are departments and sectors. Functional departments (departments, sectors) are formed depending on the type of tax (for example, the Department of Indirect Taxes), the category of the payer (the Department of Taxation of Individuals), the field of activity (the Department of Taxes and Duties from Foreign Economic Activity), the form of ownership (the Department of Taxation of Non-Governmental Organizations) , volume of payments and other factors.

The main tasks of the Ministry of Taxation of the Russian Federation: control over compliance with tax laws; verification of the correctness of the calculation, completeness and timeliness of making taxes and other payments to the appropriate budget established by the legislation of the Russian Federation, constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local governments.

6. Federal Tax Police Service of the Russian Federation (FSNPRF). To strengthen control over compliance with tax laws for the first time in Russia (according to the experience of a number of foreign countries) in 1993, the Tax Police Department of the Russian Federation was established as a state committee. Federal Law No. 200-FZ of December 17, 1996 “On Amendments and Additions to the Law of the Russian Federation “On Federal Tax Police Bodies” and the Code of Criminal Procedure of the RSFSR” defined the status of the tax police as the status of the Federal Tax Police Service of the Russian Federation (FSNP RF).

The Federal Tax Service of the Russian Federation is a specialized law enforcement federal executive body that ensures law and order in the field of taxes and related legal relations and is an integral part of the forces for ensuring the economic security of the Russian Federation. Its activities are carried out on the basis of the principles of legality, respect for the rights and freedoms of man and citizen, accountability and accountability to the highest bodies of the legislative and executive authorities of the Russian Federation, a combination of overt and covert forms of activity, apoliticality, interaction with other state bodies, public associations and citizens, as well as tax services of other states, unity and centralization of the tax police, independence and unity of command, confidentiality.

The main tasks of the federal bodies of the tax police are the detection, prevention and suppression of tax crimes and offenses; ensuring the safety of the activities of state tax inspectorates, protecting their employees from unlawful encroachments in the performance of official duties; prevention, detection and suppression of corruption in the tax authorities.

The Federal Tax Service of the Russian Federation performs two main functions of the tax police - law enforcement and control, which determines the duality of the tasks facing the tax police and the specific duties of this service, the main of which include:

Carrying out operational-search measures, inquiry and preliminary investigation in order to identify and suppress tax crimes, search for persons who have committed these crimes or are suspected of committing them, as well as measures to compensate for the damage caused to the state;

Implementation within its competence of proceedings on cases of tax crimes and violations;

Acceptance, registration of applications, messages and other information about tax crimes and violations and their verification;

Ensuring the safety of the activities of state tax inspectorates, protecting their employees in the performance of their official duties and their own safety;

Execution, within the limits of its competence, of court rulings, decisions of judges, written instructions of prosecutors, investigators on the production of search and other statutory actions, assisting them in the production of certain procedural actions;

Providing assistance to tax authorities, prosecution authorities, preliminary investigation, state security, internal affairs and other state bodies in identifying, preventing and suppressing crimes and violations in the field of tax legislation;

Carrying out work to identify and suppress the facts of corruption in the tax authorities and the federal tax police;

Collection and analysis of information on the implementation of tax legislation, forecasting trends in the development of negative processes associated with the taxation of legal entities and individuals, as well as informing the highest bodies of state power and government of the Russian Federation about characteristic processes in society related to the concealment of income (profit) from taxation.

7. State Customs Committee of the Russian Federation. The Customs Code of the Russian Federation of June 18, 1993 entrusted all customs affairs directly to the customs authorities of the Russian Federation. The customs authority is the state law enforcement agency executive branch, endowed with special powers in order to fulfill the tasks and functions assigned to it in the field of customs and in other related areas, including in the tax field and in the field of currency control. All of them are in hierarchical subordination. Central body with direct control customs business, - State Customs Committee of the Russian Federation. The powers of the customs authorities in the field of taxes extend to the taxation of goods, works, services when they are moved across the customs border of the Russian Federation. According to Art. 120 of the Customs Code of the Russian Federation, taxes and customs duties are paid to the customs authority of the Russian Federation, which carries out customs clearance of goods and vehicles, before or simultaneously with the acceptance of the customs declaration. The funds received are then transferred to the federal budget.

8. Ministries and departments, departments and departments of territorial executive bodies also participate in financial control. Unlike control by national financial authorities, which applies to all enterprises, institutions and organizations, regardless of organizational and legal forms and subordination, departmental financial control is limited to a circle of legal entities that are administratively subordinate to the controlling ministry or department. The latter are responsible for the state of the economy and finances, organization of accounting and reporting of enterprises and organizations accountable to them. For this purpose, systematic financial control and periodic documentary audits are carried out by specially created control and audit departments (groups) in ministries and departments.

The main tasks of departmental control are: verification of the legality of financial and economic operations carried out by enterprises, institutions and organizations; observance by them of financial, budgetary, tax and budget discipline; control over the rational and targeted use of budget loans received from the main managers; identification of theft, abuse and illegal spending of material and monetary resources and valuables; checking the correctness of accounting and reporting, the reliability of primary and accounting documents, etc.

Along with the executive authorities, significant control functions are assigned to the legislative authorities and the Central Bank of the Russian Federation.

parliamentary control. Financial committees and commissions have been set up in both chambers of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, whose functions include checking the correctness and completeness of the state revenues and expenditures provided for in the draft budget, its consideration and approval, control over the rational and targeted use of public funds and other issues. Parliament, through special sectoral committees and commissions, can carry out random checks on the activities of individual parts of the financial system, ministries, departments and state committees. At the request of a deputy, the parliament has the right to receive information about violations and shortcomings made in the formation and use of public funds.

In addition, the parliament regularly receives data on the state of public finances through a control body specially created by the Federation Council and the State Duma - the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation. Tasks of the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation:

Organization and control over the timely execution of income and expenditure items of the federal budget and the budgets of federal extra-budgetary funds in terms of volume, structure and purpose;

Determining the efficiency and expediency of spending public funds and using federal property;

Assessment of the validity of income and expenditure items of draft federal budgets and budgets of federal extra-budgetary funds;

Financial expertise of draft federal laws, as well as regulatory legal acts of federal government bodies that provide for expenses covered from the federal budget or affect the formation and execution of the federal budget and the budgets of federal extra-budgetary funds;

Analysis of identified deviations from the established indicators of the federal budget, the budgets of federal extra-budgetary funds and the preparation of proposals aimed at eliminating them, as well as improving the budget process as a whole;

Control over the legality and timeliness of the movement of funds from the federal budget and funds from federal extra-budgetary funds in the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, authorized banks and other financial and credit institutions of the Russian Federation;

Regular submission to the Federation Council and the State Duma of information on the implementation of the federal budget and the results of ongoing control measures.

In the process of implementing the tasks set, the Accounts Chamber carries out control and auditing, expert-analytical, informational and other activities, provides a unified system of control over the execution of the federal budget and the budgets of federal extra-budgetary funds. In cases of detection of violations that cause damage and require suppression, the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation has the right to give the administration of the audited organization an order that is mandatory for execution. If this does not happen, then, in agreement with the State Duma, the Accounts Chamber has the right to decide to suspend all types of financial, payment, settlement operations on the bank accounts of the audited organizations.

The Accounts Chamber conducts an examination and gives conclusions:

-> according to the draft federal budget, the validity of its revenue and expenditure items, the size of the state internal and external debt and the federal budget deficit;

-> problems of fiscal policy and improvement of the budget process in the Russian Federation;

-» draft legislative and other regulatory legal acts on budgetary and financial issues submitted for consideration State Duma;

-> draft international treaties of the Russian Federation that have legal implications for the federal budget;

Projects of targeted programs financed by federal budget funds.

In addition to the examinations carried out, the Accounts Chamber is engaged in the analysis and study of violations in the implementation of budget legislation. Thus, it analyzes violations and deviations in the budget process, prepares and submits proposals to the Federation Council and the State Duma to eliminate them, as well as to improve budget legislation in general - based on the results of control measures. Summarizing the causes and consequences of the identified deviations and violations, the Accounts Chamber develops proposals for improving budget legislation and developing the financial (budget, tax) system of the Russian Federation and submits them to the State Duma for consideration.

The control powers of the Accounts Chamber extend to all state bodies and institutions in the Russian Federation, federal non-budgetary funds, local governments, enterprises, organizations, banks, Insurance companies and other financial and credit institutions, their unions, associations and associations, regardless of types and forms of ownership, if they receive, transfer, use or manage federal budget funds or federal property, and also have tax , customs and other privileges and advantages.

The financial control exercised by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Bank of Russia) is distinguished by a number of features due to the specifics of its legal status: it is simultaneously a government body endowed with power (including supervisory) powers, and a legal entity engaged in financial and economic activities. The Bank of Russia organizes and controls monetary relations in the country, supervises the activities of commercial banks, their compliance with banking legislation and regulations, as well as legislation on foreign exchange regulation and money circulation. At the same time, the main goal is to maintain the stability of the banking system, protect the interests of depositors, creditors and the state. The control function of the Bank of Russia is carried out both directly and through the body (department) of banking supervision created under it. The Bank of Russia has the right to apply appropriate measures to violators of banking legislation and banking discipline (from the collection of a penalty sanction to the revocation of a license and liquidation of the bank).

Of great importance in the implementation of financial control is the on-farm control exercised by employees of the financial and accounting services of the enterprises, institutions and organizations themselves. A special role is given to the chief (senior) accountant. He is obliged to ensure control and proper accounting of all financial and economic operations of his enterprise in order to exclude any possibility of shortages, waste, theft, illegal and misuse of funds and material assets. The chief accountant is responsible (along with other officials) for the completeness of the calculation and timely payment of the due amount of tax to the budget. To perform its functions, it is endowed with sufficiently broad rights and powers.

Along with state, intradepartmental and intraeconomic control, audit control is widely used in world practice. The formation of market relations, the formation of a new tax system, the money market, the emergence of various forms of ownership, the development of banking and insurance, the expansion of foreign economic relations and entrepreneurial activity necessitated the creation of an audit system in the Russian Federation.

Auditing activity (audit) is an entrepreneurial activity of auditors (audit firms) for the implementation of independent non-departmental audits of accounting (financial) statements, payment and settlement documentation, tax returns and other financial obligations and requirements of economic entities, as well as the provision of other audit services. The main purpose of the audit activity is to establish the reliability of the accounting (financial) statements of economic entities and the compliance of their financial and business transactions with the regulations in force in the Russian Federation. Depending on who conducts the audit, the audit is divided into internal and external.

Internal audit is carried out by the internal audit service and is aimed at improving efficiency management decisions economical and rational use resources of the enterprise in order to maximize profits and profitability. The peculiarities of internal audit are, firstly, that it is carried out within the organization by its own auditors; secondly, the fact that it is organized at the request of the management to obtain information that serves as the basis for making managerial decisions; thirdly, the fact that the costs of its implementation are financed by the organization itself.

An external audit is performed by audit firms or private entrepreneurs - auditors, on the basis of checking the validity and legality of all business transactions, they confirm the reliability of financial statements. The audit is carried out in strict accordance with the requirements of the relevant standards.

Audit check can be obligatory and voluntary (initiative). Mandatory verification is carried out in cases expressly established by the legislation of the Russian Federation or on behalf of state bodies.

The main criteria according to which financial statements are subject to mandatory annual legal review are divided into several groups:

According to the organizational and legal form of the economic entity (all joint-stock companies regardless of the number of shareholders and the size of the authorized capital);

The type of activity of the economic entity. According to this criterion, banks and other credit institutions, insurance organizations and mutual insurance companies, commodity and stock exchanges, investment institutions, off-budget and other funds;

Sources of formation of the authorized capital of an economic entity (if there is a share of foreign capital in the authorized capital, then such an entity is subject to a mandatory annual audit).

When conducting an audit, the state gets the opportunity to ensure the high quality and reliability of accounting (financial) accounting and reporting, the correct calculation and collection of taxes and other payments, without spending budget funds. But this does not mean that the audit replaces the state financial control carried out by specially authorized state bodies.

Audit control not only informs the management of the economic entity and state bodies that are customers of the audit about the state of the financial and economic activities of the audited entity, but also allows it to reach a qualitative level. new level production, withstand market competition, navigate the world of business, avoid many problems in relations with government agencies, primarily with tax inspectorates, and, as a result, develop successfully. Based on the results of the audit, a conclusion is drawn up that has the force of an official document.

The classification of types of control - their distribution into groups depending on common characteristics - allows you to understand more deeply and more accurately assess the place of each type of control in the system of financial relations. The systematization of the types of control means the placement of the studied types of control in a certain order with the identification of their relationship and subordination.

Exist different kinds control, each of which is characterized by such elements as:

the subject of control;

The subject that makes the decision based on the results of control (this may be the subject of control or the subject in whose interests the control is carried out);

object of control;

the subject of control;

the purpose of the control;

control tasks;

principles of control;

· control methods;

Technique and technology of control;

control process.

Financial control is classified according to the following criteria (Fig. 1.1):

· by subjects (level) of conducting (state, municipal, on-farm, independent, public, law enforcement, civil);

by the time of the event (preliminary, current, subsequent);

by completeness of coverage (partial, full, comprehensive, thematic, continuous, selective);

By the methods used (revision, verification, examination, analysis).

According to the nature of the location and relationships the subject and object of control, controlling and controlled bodies, organizations, people, groups are distinguished, control is internal and external.

Control is called internal when the subject and object of control are part of the same system, and external - when the subject of control is not included in the same system as the object.

The concept of “general control methods” is another important characteristic, allowing to distinguish between specific types of control. Among the general methods of control, the following methods are distinguished:

preliminary control (used before the start of a business transaction);

directing control (during the entire course of the operation);

filtering control (by a certain date in the course of a business transaction);

Follow-up control (after completion of the operation).

subjects (level ) implementation - financial control is divided into two large groups - state and non-state - which, in turn, are divided into several subgroups.

the main objective state financial control - ensuring the interests of the state and society as a whole. State financial control should be understood as control exercised by the relevant federal and municipal authorities and departmental control.

State financial control is also called the control exercised by various federal legislative and executive bodies, including the President of the Russian Federation, the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation and the Government of the Russian Federation. For example, the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation exercises financial control through specially created committees:

· Committee on budget, taxes, banks and finances of the State Duma;

· The Committee for the Budget, Financial, Currency and Credit Regulation of the Federation Council.

Subjects federal level control (in accordance with the legislation and the powers granted to them) are: the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, the Federal Tax Service, the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, the Customs Committee of the Russian Federation.

Municipal financial control is carried out at the level of the relevant authorities within the powers granted to them regarding financial sources for the formation and direction of the use of budgetary funds.

Non-state financial control includes departmental, on-farm, independent, public, legal and civil control.

Departmental financial control is carried out by the relevant control and auditing bodies of ministries and departments over the activities of enterprises, organizations, and institutions included in their system. The main task of this type of financial control is to verify the legality and expediency of the processes of formation, distribution and intended purpose of using funds allocated by the state to the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and local governments.

on-farm financial control is aimed at monitoring and observing the financial interests of business entities in the field of production, distribution and use of financial resources in order to increase the efficiency of its activities and protect interests in relations with other subjects of market relations. On-farm control - the result of the practical use of the control functions of accounting, finance and other cost categories of the economy - requires the management of the organization to create regulatory framework. So, in accordance with the law of the Russian Federation "On Accounting", the main tasks of organizing financial control in organizations include:

formation of complete and reliable information about the activities of the organization and its property status, necessary for internal users of financial statements - managers, founders, participants and owners of the organization's property, as well as external investors, creditors and other users of financial statements;

providing information necessary for internal and external users of financial statements to control:

For compliance with the legislation of the Russian Federation in the implementation of economic operations by the organization and their expediency;

For the presence and movement of property and liabilities;

For the use of material, labor and financial resources in accordance with the approved norms, standards and estimates;

· prevention of negative results of economic activity and identification of intra-economic reserves to ensure its financial stability.

When forming accounting policy in accordance with the Accounting Regulation "Accounting policy of the organization" (PBU 1/2008), the accounting policy approves the procedure for monitoring business transactions (internal control).

On-farm control carried out by employees of enterprises and organizations in the course of business operations and technological processes to improve their efficiency, expediency and legality of implementation. A feature of on-farm financial control is the implementation of control at the time of documenting the production and financial operation performed. To organize on-farm control, business entities create separate control units depending on the industry characteristics and size of organizations (audit commissions, internal audit departments, control groups, an inventory bureau, etc.).

Independent financial control, the subjects of which are independent financial organizations that have licenses for the right to exercise it, is called an audit. Audit is an entrepreneurial activity of individuals or legal entities licensed to provide audit services,

for the provision of paid independent non-departmental audits of financial statements, payment and settlement documentation, tax returns and other financial obligations and requirements of economic entities to enterprises, organizations, institutions in accordance with the contract. Legal regulation of audit activities is carried out by the Civil Code of the Russian Federation (CC RF), the law "On Audit" and regulatory legal acts of the Government of the Russian Federation. In economic practice, there are mandatory, initiative and compulsory audit.

Mandatory audit is carried out in accordance with regulatory legal acts. The Government of the Russian Federation has clearly defined the criteria by which an enterprise is obliged to confirm the reliability of its annual reports.

Public financial control is carried out by non-governmental public organizations or individuals on a voluntary basis, and is aimed at observing their financial interests or obtaining answers to questions that affect the financial interests of society to one degree or another.

Legal financial control aims to clarify the financial condition of various subjects of legal relations from the state to citizens that may arise in the process of law enforcement actions; carried out by law enforcement and judicial authorities or on their behalf.

Civil financial control is aimed at observing the financial interests of citizens and is carried out during their relationship with the tax authorities, in the process of production activities, in relationships with the trading system, etc.

By classification - time spending – financial control can be divided into preliminary, current and subsequent.

Preliminary financial control is carried out at the stages of development, consideration and approval of budgets of all levels, from federal to regional, drawing up various cost estimates, up to the performance of business operations. Its task is to prevent the misuse of financial resources, to prevent illegal and inefficient production and economic operations that could cause damage to an economic entity or worsen its financial situation, and to choose the most appropriate economic solutions when planning the use of financial resources. Preliminary control is aimed at the economical and efficient use of all types of resources.

At the level of an economic entity, preliminary control is carried out by the financial unit (accounting) of the enterprise before the start of business operations in the process of preliminary processing of documents for these operations in order to prevent mismanagement, illegal actions and unproductive expenses. In this control, the compliance of operations with regulatory legal acts regulating economic activity, concluded contracts, approved estimates, plans, etc. is established.

Current financial control - the main activity of regulatory bodies - continuously accompanies the process of budget execution, cost estimates and business transactions at various levels, sections and structural divisions of economic entities. Current control pursues the goals of operational regulation of the results of economic activity. Its main tasks are the opening of unused reserves in the activities of the organization, the identification of deviations

actual performance results from planned targets and taking the necessary measures to neutralize negative factors affecting production and financial activities.

Subsequent financial control is carried out by financial structural units, accounting staff after:

completion of financial transactions when receiving and verifying documents, entries in accounting registers;

preparation of accounting reports and balance sheets;

Conducting inventories of all types of funds;

· analysis of financial and economic activity;

Conducting thematic inspections and audits.

By classification - completeness coverage - financial control can be divided into full, partial, comprehensive, thematic, continuous and selective.

Full financial control is carried out in order to check the entire financial and economic activities of enterprises or organizations.

Partial financial control is aimed at checking certain areas of the enterprise's activity or certain business transactions, for example, those related to cost accounting or accounting and movement of fixed assets.

Complex financial control is a part of complex control. It is usually carried out external bodies, for example, the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation or other control and audit bodies, and is aimed at studying and identifying violations and inconsistencies in the economic and legal activities of business entities in order to eliminate them.

Thematic financial control is a kind of partial financial control. It is carried out on a rather limited range of issues through familiarization (most often with a site visit) with some aspects of financial and economic activity; mainly used to verify the intended use of funds. Its results are drawn up in the form of a memorandum addressed to the head.

Solid financial control is associated with the verification and detection of violations in financial and economic activities by examining all financial and accounting documents of registers and other records for the period subject to financial control.

Selective financial control is also a kind of partial financial control. It may involve checking any part of financial documents and registers; is carried out, as a rule, according to the plan after a general audit of any type of financial and economic transactions in order to study them for a certain period of time, which may not coincide with the audited period of time.

By classification - method of conducting - financial control is divided into inspections, surveys, supervision, analysis, observation (monitoring) and audits.

revision as a method of financial control - the most complete and in-depth examination of the financial and economic activities of an economic entity; aims to verify its legality, correctness, expediency and effectiveness.

Verification as a method of financial control is based on the study of primary and other reporting financial documentation in certain areas of economic activity in order to comply with the reporting requirements of legislation and regulations. The results of the audit serve as the basis for the development of measures to eliminate the identified violations.

Observation(monitoring) as a method of financial control is the constant control by the financial and credit organization of the financial condition of its customers in order to prevent misuse of credit resources.

Surveys as a method of financial control, they cover a wider range of financial and economic documents and indicators of an economic entity than an audit in order to determine its pain points, financial condition and development prospects.

Supervision as a method of financial control is carried out by the relevant control bodies over business entities that have licenses to carry out financial activities in a certain area, for example, insurance or banking, for compliance by them (subjects) of financial legislation, standards and rules established for this area of ​​financial activity, non-compliance with which may result in license revocation.

Analysis as a method of financial control - an important element in the management system of an economic entity, an effective means of identifying internal reserves and the basis for developing scientifically based plans and management decisions. It depends on the nature of the investigated economic object or operations and is a kind of procedure for abstract and real dismemberment of the object of study into parts to identify the underlying causes of ongoing financial processes that develop under the influence of objective and subjective factors.

Financial control is a set of actions and operations carried out by specially authorized bodies in order to monitor compliance by business entities, state authorities and local self-government with the rules of law in the process of formation, distribution and use of financial resources in order to obtain timely complete and reliable information on the implementation of the adopted managerial financial decisions. The content of financial control is revealed through its principles and methods of organization, and its structural elements and links together form a control system.

The purpose of financial control is to timely obtain all information about the progress of the financial management process at the micro and macro levels, identify violations of the law and make adequate management decisions, and is implemented in the tasks it performs.

The main objectives of financial control are: ensuring the financial security of the state and the financial stability of business entities; fulfillment by business entities of their financial obligations, including to state authorities and local governments; growth of financial resources in all spheres and links of the financial system, ensuring their rational, efficient and legal use; observance of the financial interests of all business entities, strengthening their responsibility for the results of their activities; improving the efficiency of the state's financial policy.

As the main elements of financial control can be distinguished: object and subject; information, legal and methodological support; a mechanism that includes principles and requirements; measures of responsibility of all participants in the control process. A set of interrelated elements, including financial, technical, personnel support for control, etc., interacting with each other and forming an integral unity in the process of achieving the goals of control, is the infrastructure of financial control.

The object of financial control is the processes of formation, distribution and use of financial resources by business entities and state authorities and local self-government, characterized by a system of various cost indicators(for example, sales revenue, cost, taxes, etc.).

The subjects of financial control are specially authorized bodies. This is, first of all, the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, the Federal Treasury of the Russian Federation, which operates on the basis of the principle of the unity of the cash desk, that is, it is the body that solely provides cash services to the budget. The subjects of control also include other state control bodies and structural divisions created in business entities, state authorities and local governments, the main managers, managers of budgetary funds.

The Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation organizes and exercises control over the timely execution of articles of the federal budget and extra-budgetary funds, controls the legality and timeliness of the movement of budget funds, etc.

Institutions Central Bank The Russian Federation maintains the accounts of all budgets of the budgetary system of the Russian Federation on behalf of the authorized executive bodies and state non-budgetary funds, which are entrusted with the organization of execution and direct execution of budgets.

Tax control in Russia is carried out by the bodies of the Federal tax service Russian Federation, customs authorities, authorities controlling the payment of state duty and other fees.

As a rule, the process of financial control includes the following main stages:

• - planning, which involves the definition of the object, goals, objectives and forms of control, the formation of a set of quantitative and qualitative indicators, according to which the implementation of financial decisions will be assessed;
• - carrying out control, the purpose of which is to collect operational data characterizing the state of the object of control, and their preliminary assessment;
• - systematization of control results (generalization and ordering of the received information according to certain criteria) and reporting;
• - implementation of the results, which involves bringing the decisions made based on the results of the control to all interested parties, the development and implementation of measures to eliminate the identified violations and shortcomings.

The financial control procedure should comply with the following principles:

• o legality, which implies the existence of a legal framework that ensures that control is carried out in accordance with the spirit and letter of the law;
• o independence, which means the independence of the financial control bodies (organizational, functional, financial) and is provided for by the current legislation;
• o objectivity, which implies the absence of bias and non-interference in the operational activities of a business entity, the validity of conclusions based on the results of control measures;
• o publicity, which implies the public availability of the results of financial control, subject to established norms and rules concerning state and commercial secrets;
• o responsibility, which implies a conscientious attitude of employees of financial control bodies to their official duties;
• o delineation of functions and powers, which means the absence of duplication in the activities of financial control bodies;
• o consistency, which means the unity of the legal framework, the establishment of periodicity in the conduct of certain financial control measures.

The methods of financial control include specific ways of implementing control actions and operations that make up control procedures. A certain sequence of financial control procedures, together with the methods used, constitutes the mechanism of financial control.

The information base of financial control combines all the information used in the implementation of the control process, characterizing the object of control, its specifics (associated, for example, with industry specifics), as well as those used in the implementation of control Information Technology. Of great importance for the implementation of financial control is the quality of information, i.e. its reliability, timeliness, completeness and necessity. The main source of information for financial control is accounting data, the main task of which is to provide information to external and internal users of financial statements.

Legal and methodological support of financial control includes:

• - financial and legal acts, which include laws, subordinate regulatory legal acts of bodies of general and special competence, adopted in pursuance of laws;
• - standards, which are normative and technical documents approved by the competent authority, establishing a set of norms, rules in relation to the subject of control;
• - codes of professional ethics;
• - methodological documents, which contain specific issues of organizing financial control, explain the methods and techniques for the practical implementation of control procedures (for example, instructions on the procedure for carrying out inspections or working with documents, etc.).

The implementation of financial control implies the existence of responsibility of business entities, state authorities and local governments, as well as bodies exercising financial control, and their officials. In case of violation of the established norms of law, the following types of liability arise: administrative, civil, criminal, disciplinary. In addition, officials of state authorities and local self-government bodies are liable under the legislation on state and municipal service.

Failure to perform or improper performance by participants in the control process of their rights and obligations entails the use of certain coercive measures, the main of which are: warning; fines, penalties; prohibition or restriction of activities; prohibition on the implementation of certain operations (for example, freezing expenses, suspension of operations on accounts in credit institutions); withdrawal of material and monetary resources (for example, budgetary funds); compensation; confiscation.

The applied measures of coercion, expressed in monetary form, are called financial sanctions. The main purpose of applying financial sanctions is to reduce violations by the subjects of financial relations of the established norms of law and prevent such violations. Coercive measures, or sanctions, are applied by state authorities and their officials in accordance with their powers, if there are certain grounds.

The grounds for the application of coercive measures are: failure to comply with the law (decision) on the budget; misuse of budgetary funds, untimely and incomplete transfer of budgetary funds to their recipients; failure to provide accounting (financial), tax reporting; tax evasion, etc. These violations are reflected in the final document (for example, an audit or inspection act), on the basis of which coercive measures are applied.

Financial control can be classified according to the following criteria: timing; subjects of control; the field of financial activity; form of holding; methods of conducting (Table 1.2.1).

Preliminary financial control is carried out before financial transactions and is of great importance for the prevention of financial irregularities. It provides an assessment of the validity financial programs and forecasts to prevent wasteful and inefficient spending of funds. An example of such control at the macro level is the process of drawing up and approving budgets of all levels and financial plans of off-budget funds based on the assessment of the validity of the distribution of GDP and the development of macroeconomic indicators for the development of the country's economy. At the micro level, this is the process of developing financial plans and estimates, loan and cash applications, financial sections of business plans, drawing up forecast balance sheets, as well as memorandums of association, joint venture agreements, etc.

Table 1.2.1.

Current (operational) financial control is carried out at the time of making monetary transactions, financial transactions, issuing loans and subsidies, etc. It prevents possible abuses in receiving and spending funds, contributes to the observance of financial discipline and the timeliness of financial and monetary settlements. Accounting services play an important role in this.

Subsequent financial control, carried out by analyzing and auditing the reporting financial and accounting documentation, is intended to assess the results of the financial activities of economic entities, compare financial plans and forecasts with the results of assessing the effectiveness of the implementation of the proposed financial strategy, comparison of financial costs with forecasted ones, etc.

Check - on the basis of reporting documentation and expenditure documents, certain issues of financial activity are considered and measures are outlined to eliminate the identified violations.

Inspection, unlike verification, covers more wide range financial and economic indicators of the surveyed economic entity to determine its financial condition and possible development prospects.

Supervision is carried out by regulatory authorities over economic entities that have received a license for a particular type of financial activity, and involves their compliance with established rules and regulations. Non-compliance with regulations, leading to the risk of bankruptcy and infringement of the interests of clients, entails the revocation of the license.

The analysis of financial activity as a kind of financial control involves a detailed study of periodic or annual financial and accounting statements with the aim of a general assessment of the results of financial activity, an assessment of the financial condition, the provision of own capital and the effectiveness of its use.

Supervision (monitoring) - constant control by credit institutions over the use of the issued loan and the financial condition of the client organization. Inefficient use of the received loan and a decrease in solvency can lead to tightening of credit conditions, the requirement for a long-term loan repayment.

Audit is the most profound and comprehensive method of financial control. This is a complete survey of the financial and economic activities of an economic entity in order to verify its legality, correctness, expediency, and effectiveness. Revisions can be full and partial; complex and thematic; scheduled and unscheduled; documentary and actual (i.e. checking not only documents, but also the availability of money and inventory items).

Audits are carried out by management bodies in relation to subordinate organizations and institutions, as well as by various state and non-state control bodies. The results of the audit are documented in an act, on the basis of which measures are taken to eliminate violations, compensate for material damage and bring the perpetrators to justice.

So, financial control is a set of actions and operations carried out by specially authorized bodies in order to control compliance by business entities, state authorities and local governments with the rules of law in the process of formation, distribution and use of financial resources. State financial control includes control over the execution of the federal budget and the budget of federal off-budget funds, the organization of money circulation, the use of credit resources, the state of the state internal and external debt, state reserves, and the provision of tax benefits and benefits.

Under the methods of financial control understand the specific ways of implementing control actions and operations that make up the control procedures (verification, examination, audit, etc.). Types of control are classified according to the following criteria: time of holding; subjects of control; the field of financial activity; form of holding; conducting methods.

The implementation of financial control implies the existence of responsibility of business entities, state authorities and local governments, as well as bodies exercising financial control, and their officials. In case of violation of the established norms of law, the following types of liability arise: administrative, civil, criminal, disciplinary.