A project about proverbs and sayings of other peoples. Work on the project "Proverbs in the modern world
Air humidity is caused by the evaporation of water from the surface of the seas and oceans. absolute humidity is the density of water vapor per unit volume, and the percentage of the amount of water vapor in a certain volume of air to the amount of vapor that can saturate this volume at a given temperature is called relative humidity . Relative humidity is subject to diurnal fluctuations. This is primarily due to changes in temperature. The higher the air temperature, the more water vapor is required to fully saturate it. At low temperatures less water vapor is needed for maximum saturation.
Relative humidity and saturation deficit are important. These indicators give an idea of the degree of saturation of the air with water vapor and indicate the possibility of heat transfer by evaporation. With an increase in moisture deficiency, the ability of air to receive water vapor increases. Under these conditions, heat will be released more intensively as a result of sweating.
For a person relative humidity 30-60% refers to the hygienic norm. Such humidity ensures the normal functioning of the body. It helps to moisturize the skin and mucous membranes respiratory tract and inhaled air, to some extent maintain the constancy of the humidity of the internal environment of the body. Air with a relative humidity below 20% is rated as dry, between 71 and 85% as moderately humid, and more than 86% as highly humid. Humidity less than 20% is accompanied by evaporation of moisture from the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract. This leads to a decrease in their filtering capacity and a feeling of dryness in the mouth. The boundary of the human heat balance is an air temperature of 40ºС and a humidity of 30% or an air temperature of 30ºС and a humidity of 85%.
Depending on the degree of humidity in the air, the effect of temperature is felt differently. So, heat air, combined with its low humidity, is much easier for a person to carry than with high humidity. With an increase in air humidity, an increase in body temperature occurs, an increase in heart rate and respiration, headache and weakness, there is a decrease in motor activity, as well as a decrease in heat transfer from the body surface by evaporation (hydration and dehydration of tissues). Saturation of air with water vapor at low temperatures will contribute to hypothermia of the body.
Condensation, condensation of water vapor is their transition to a liquid state and the formation of water droplets. Condensation occurs when the air is saturated and supersaturated with water vapor due to its cooling. The products of condensation in the atmosphere are fog and clouds. Fog - a large number of in surface layers of air condensation products (water drops and ice crystals). As a result of fog, visibility deteriorates, accidents and injuries occur. It contains dust, which makes it difficult to breathe.
Human tolerance for temperature environment depends on the relative humidity of the air, that is, the percentage of the amount of water vapor contained in a certain volume of air to the amount that completely saturates this volume at a given temperature. When the air temperature drops, the relative humidity rises, and when it rises, it falls.
Relative air humidity of 40-60% at a temperature of 18-21 ° C is considered optimal for humans. The air, the relative humidity of which is below 20%, is assessed as dry, from 71 to 85% - as moderately humid, more than 86% - as highly humid.
Moderate air humidity ensures the normal functioning of the body. In humans, it helps to moisturize the skin and mucous membranes of the respiratory tract. Maintaining the constancy of the humidity of the internal environment of the body to a certain extent depends on the humidity of the inhaled air. Combining with temperature factors, air humidity creates conditions for thermal comfort or disrupts it, contributing to hypothermia or overheating of the body, as well as hydration or dehydration of tissues.
A simultaneous increase in air temperature and humidity sharply worsens a person's well-being and reduces the possible duration of his stay in these conditions. In this case, there is an increase in body temperature, increased heart rate, respiration. There is a headache, weakness, decreased motor activity. Poor heat tolerance in combination with high relative humidity is due to the fact that, simultaneously with increased sweating at high ambient humidity, sweat does not evaporate well from the surface of the skin. Heat dissipation is difficult. The body overheats more and more, and heat stroke can occur.
High humidity is an unfavorable factor even at low air temperatures. In this case, a sharp increase in heat transfer occurs, which is dangerous to health. Even a temperature of 0 °C can lead to frostbite of the face and limbs, especially in the presence of wind.
Low air humidity (less than 20%) is accompanied by significant evaporation of moisture from the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract. This leads to a decrease in their filtering capacity and to unpleasant sensations in the throat and dry mouth.
The boundaries within which the heat balance of a person at rest is maintained already with a significant stress are considered to be an air temperature of 40 ° C and a humidity of 30% or an air temperature of 30 ° C and a humidity of 85%.
Patients with hypertension and atherosclerosis are especially sensitive to high humidity. There is an increase in the number of exacerbations of diseases of the cardiovascular system with an increase in air humidity.
The body's response to hypoxia
hypoxia - a condition that occurs as a result of insufficient provision of tissues with oxygen.
The reaction of the body to hypoxic exposure can be considered on the model of hypoxia when climbing mountains:
Initially, in response to hypoxia in a person, the heart rate, stroke and minute blood volume increase compensatory. Additional capillaries in the tissues open, which increases blood flow, as this increases the rate of oxygen diffusion;
there is a slight increase in respiration rate. Shortness of breath occurs only when expressed degrees oxygen starvation. This is explained by the fact that increased respiration in a hypoxic atmosphere is accompanied by hypocapnia, which inhibits an increase in pulmonary ventilation, and only after a certain time (1–2 weeks) of exposure to hypoxia, a significant increase in pulmonary ventilation occurs due to an increase in the sensitivity of the respiratory center to carbon dioxide;
the number of erythrocytes and the concentration of hemoglobin in the blood increases due to an increase in hematopoiesis;
the oxygen transport properties of hemoglobin change, which contributes to a more complete release of oxygen to tissues;
the number of mitochondria increases in cells, the content of respiratory chain enzymes increases, which increases energy metabolism in a cage;
behavior changes. For example, reduced physical activity.
The body's response to changes in atmospheric pressure
Atmospheric pressure is the pressure of atmospheric air on objects in it and on the earth's surface. Its distribution according to earth's surface causes movement air masses and atmospheric fronts, determines the direction and speed of the wind. Pressure plays an important role in the functioning of the body. On the well-being of a person who has lived in a certain area for a long time, the usual, i.e. typical for this region Atmosphere pressure should not cause any particular deterioration in well-being.
Changes in atmospheric pressure can lead to a variety of pathological manifestations. First of all, they concern the cardiovascular system. Yes, in normal conditions with an increase in atmospheric pressure, some changes in physiological parameters and sensations are observed: a decrease in heart rate and respiratory rate, a decrease in systolic and an increase in diastolic blood pressure, an increase in lung capacity, a dull voice, a decrease in skin sensitivity and hearing, a feeling of dry mucous membranes, increased intestinal motility, slight contraction of the abdomen due to compression of gases in the intestines. However, all these phenomena are relatively easy to tolerate. More unfavorable phenomena are observed during the period of changes in atmospheric pressure - an increase (compression) and especially its decrease (decompression) to normal. The slower the change in pressure occurs, the better and without adverse consequences the human body adapts to it.
With a decrease in atmospheric pressure, opposite shifts occur: there is an increase and deepening of breathing, an increase in heart rate, a slight drop in blood pressure, and changes in the blood are also observed in the form of an increase in the number of red blood cells. On the other hand, the nerve receptors of the pleura (the mucous membrane lining the pleural cavity), the peritoneum (the lining of the abdominal cavity), the synovial membrane of the joints, and also the vascular receptors respond to fluctuations in atmospheric pressure. The basis of the adverse effect of low atmospheric pressure on the body is oxygen starvation. It is due to the fact that with a decrease in atmospheric pressure, the partial pressure of oxygen also decreases, therefore, with the normal functioning of the respiratory and circulatory organs, a smaller amount of oxygen enters the body.
The reaction of the body to the action of electromagnetic fields (EMF) and radio frequency radiation
Experimental data of both domestic and foreign researchers indicate a high biological activity of EMF in all frequency ranges (Vyalov A.M., 1971; Schwan H.P., 1985, 1988; Semm P., 1980; Milham S., 1985). At relatively high levels of irradiating EMF, modern theory recognizes the thermal mechanism of the effect of EMF on a biological object, in which the electromagnetic energy of the external field is converted into thermal energy and is accompanied by an increase in body temperature or local selective heating of tissues, cell organs, especially with poor thermoregulation (crystalline lens, vitreous body). and others).
At a relatively low level of EMF (for example, for radio frequencies above 300 MHz, this is less than 1 mW / cm 2), it is customary to talk about the non-thermal or informational nature of the effect on the body. The mechanisms of action of EMF in this case are still poorly understood.
The effect of electromagnetic fields of radio frequencies on the central nervous system at an energy flux density (PEF) of more than 1 m W/cm 2 indicates its high sensitivity to electromagnetic radiation.
A change in the blood is observed, as a rule, at PES above 10 mW/cm 3 , at lower exposure levels, phase changes in the number of leukocytes, erythrocytes and hemoglobin are observed.
With prolonged exposure to EMF, physiological adaptation or weakening of immunological reactions occur.
The severity of the identified disorders is directly dependent on:
wavelength;
intensity and mode of radiation;
the duration and nature of exposure to the body;
on the area of the irradiated surface and the anatomical structure of the organ and tissue.
Numerous studies in the field of the biological effect of EMF will make it possible to determine the most sensitive systems of the human body: nervous, immune, endocrine and reproductive. A.M. Vyalov (1971) also includes the hematopoietic system among the critical ones.
When exposed to EMF of low intensity from the side nervous system there are significant deviations in the transmission of nerve impulses at the level of synapses. There is oppression of the higher nervous activity memory deteriorates. The structure of the capillary blood-brain barrier of the brain is disturbed, its permeability increases, which directly depends on the intensity of exposure (Gigoriev Yu.G. et al., 1999). The nervous system of the fetus in the late stages of intrauterine development is particularly sensitive to electromagnetic effects.
A high intensity electromagnetic field can contribute to non-specific immune suppression, as well as the development of an autoimmune reaction, resulting in the immune system reacts against normal tissue structures characteristic of this organism. Such a pathological condition is characterized in most cases by a deficiency of lymphocytes formed in the thymus gland (thymus), which is oppressed by electromagnetic influence.
Studies by Russian scientists on the influence of an electromagnetic field on the endocrine system, which began in the 60s of the XX century, showed that under the influence of an electromagnetic field, the pituitary-adrenaline system is stimulated, accompanied by an increase in the content of adrenaline in the blood and activation of blood coagulation processes. Changes in the composition of peripheral blood (leukopenia, neutropenia, erythrocytopenia) were also noticed.
Sexual dysfunctions are usually associated with a change in its regulation by the nervous and endocrine systems, as well as with a sharp decrease in the activity of germ cells. It has been established that the female reproductive system is more sensitive to electromagnetic effects than the male one. It is believed that electromagnetic fields can cause pathologies in the development of the embryo, affecting various stages of pregnancy. It has been established that the presence of contact of women with electromagnetic radiation can lead to premature birth and slow down the development of the fetus.
In recent years, data have appeared on the inducing effect of electromagnetic radiation on the processes of carcinogenesis (Pauly H., Schwan H.P., 1971, Semm P., 1980).
Prolonged contact with electromagnetic field in the microwave range can lead to the development of a disease called "radio wave disease". People who have been in the radiation zone for a long time complain of weakness, irritability, fatigue, memory loss, and sleep disturbance. Often these symptoms are accompanied by disorders of the autonomic functions of the nervous system. On the part of the cardiovascular system, hypotension, pain in the heart, and pulse instability are manifested.
The main sources of the electromagnetic field are:
Power lines
Wiring (inside buildings and structures)
Household electrical appliances
Personal computers
TV and radio transmitting stations
Satellite and cellular communications (devices, repeaters)
Electric transport
Radar installations
Since the mid-90s of the last century, mobile communication devices have been one of the most widespread sources of both industrial and non-industrial effects of modulated EMF.
Studies performed in 13 countries using the "case-control" method, within the framework of the International INTERPHONE project, found that when using cellular devices for more than 10 years, the risk of developing gliomas increases statistically significantly. Based on these data, IARC in May 2011, when considering the electromagnetic field radio frequency range As a risk factor for the development of oncological diseases, he classified EMF created by cellular communication devices as a potential carcinogen according to the risks of developing gliomas in users with long-term use of mobile phones for more than 10 years (T.L. Pilat, L.P. Kuzmina, N.I. Izmerova, 2012).
The electromagnetic fields generated by personal computers are also seen as a potential risk factor for the health of users. Most of data concerns computers equipped with video display terminals based on a cathode ray tube as a source of electrostatic and electromagnetic fields in the frequency range up to 400 kHz. According to available data, users have an increased risk of changes in the functional state of the central nervous system, the risk of developing diseases of the cardiovascular system, musculoskeletal motor apparatus. A high frequency of pathology of the organ of vision was noted, in which the leading role is played, first of all, by myopia (24–46%) and functional changes in the visual system in persons with normal visual status.
The body's response to noise
We encounter vibroacoustic factors: noise and vibration every day in transport (cars, electric trains, metro, etc.), in industrial premises, in everyday life. It is known that in everyday life more than 30% of the population big cities live in conditions of vibroacoustic discomfort. Noise has been called the "grey plague" of the 19th, 20th and 21st centuries. With the growth of labor productivity due to the creation of new machines and mechanisms, an increase in their power, the introduction of new technological processes, the noise is constantly growing.
From a physiological point of view noise they call all sorts of unpleasant, unwanted sounds that have a harmful, irritating effect on the human body, interfere with the perception of useful signals, and reduce its performance. From a physical point of view, noise is a random combination of sounds of different frequencies and intensities. Sound intensity, measured in decibels (dB), is used to assess human exposure to noise.
Depending on the level and nature of noise, its duration, intensity and frequency of sounds, as well as individual characteristics of a person, the effects of noise exposure can be very different.
Intense noise during daily exposure leads to the occurrence of an occupational disease - hearing loss, manifested by a gradual loss of hearing. Initially, it occurs in the high frequency region, then hearing loss spreads to lower frequencies, which determine the ability to perceive speech.
In addition to a direct impact on the hearing organs, noise affects various parts of the brain, disrupting the normal processes of higher nervous activity. This effect occurs even earlier than changes in the organ of hearing. Typical are complaints of increased fatigue, general weakness, irritability, apathy, memory loss, sweating, etc.
Under the influence of noise, changes occur in the human organs of vision (the stability of clear vision and visual acuity decrease, sensitivity to different colors changes, etc.) and the vestibular apparatus; the functions of the gastrointestinal tract are disturbed; increased intracranial pressure, etc.
Noise, especially intermittent, impulsive, worsens the accuracy of work operations, makes it difficult to receive and perceive information. As a result of the adverse impact of noise on a working person, there is a decrease in labor productivity and accuracy in the performance of production operations, an increase in the number of defects, and prerequisites for the occurrence of accidents are created.
Approximate sound pressure levels for typical environmental sounds:
10 dB - whisper;
20 dB - noise norm in residential premises;
40 dB - quiet conversation;
50 dB - conversation of medium volume;
70 dB - typewriter noise;
80 dB - noise of a working truck engine;
100 dB - loud car signal at a distance of 5-7 m;
110 dB - noise of a working tractor at a distance of 1 m;
120-140 dB - pain threshold;
150 dB - aircraft takeoff;
Approximately, the effect of noise, depending on its level, can be characterized as follows:
Noise level 50-65 dB can cause irritation, but its consequences are only psychological in nature. The impact of low-intensity noise during mental work is especially negative. Besides, psychological impact noise also depends on the individual attitude to it. So, the noise made by the person himself does not bother him, while a small extraneous noise can cause severe irritation.
At noise level 65-90 dB possible physiological effects. The pulse and blood pressure increase, the vessels constrict, which reduces the blood supply to the body, and the person gets tired faster. There are functional changes in the state of the nervous system (irritability, apathy, memory loss, sweating, etc.). With prolonged exposure to intense noise, significant changes in the ultrastructure of mitochondria (inhibition of oxidative processes), a violation of the functional structure of synapses are observed. Persistent and irreversible changes in the auditory analyzer develop (hearing impairment).
Noise exposure with level 90 dB and higher leads to impaired functioning of the hearing organs, its effect on the circulatory system increases. At this intensity, the activity of the stomach and intestines worsens, sensations of nausea, headache and tinnitus appear.
At noise levels above 110 dB sound intoxication sets in;
At sound pressure 145 dB damage to the hearing aid can occur, up to a rupture of the eardrum.
The physiological effect of noise depends on three main parameters:
on the duration of exposure to noise;
on the intensity of the noise;
From the frequency characteristics, the more high frequencies prevail in the noise, the more dangerous it is (for example, a mosquito).
Acoustic impact is felt by every second person on the planet, so this is one of the global environmental problems.
What are proverbs and sayings? A variety of proverbs and sayings. How does a proverb differ from a saying? How did proverbs and sayings develop? When are proverbs and sayings used? Form and content of proverbs and sayings. What role do proverbs and sayings play in human life? Proverbs about proverbs
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Anna Yarsanova, 6th grade student, secondary school No. 1354 Moscow, teacher Olga Olegovna Koroleva
Plan What are proverbs and sayings? A variety of proverbs and sayings How does a proverb differ from a saying? How did proverbs and sayings develop? When are proverbs and sayings used? Form and content of proverbs and sayings What role do proverbs and sayings play in human life? Proverbs about proverbs Practical work Conclusion References
Purpose To learn as much as possible about proverbs and sayings, their meaning, origin and use
Tasks What are proverbs and sayings? Variety of proverbs and sayings. How does a proverb differ from a saying and how did proverbs and sayings develop? When are proverbs and sayings used in their form and content? Conduct a survey of acquaintances on the knowledge of sayings and proverbs.
Hypothesis I think that proverbs and sayings played big role in human life at all times.
What are proverbs and sayings? A proverb is a short wise saying that has a complete thought. A proverb is only part of a judgment, it does not contain a conclusion, a conclusion, it is used in the form of comparisons in order to give speech a special clarity.
Variety of proverbs and sayings Whatever time we live, proverbs and sayings will always remain relevant, appropriate to the place.
How is a proverb different from a proverb? A feature of the proverb is its completeness and instructiveness. Sayings - the incompleteness of the conclusion, the lack of an instructive character.
How did proverbs and sayings develop? Russian proverbs and sayings arose and evolved in the course of Russian life, reflecting not only important events and processes, but also typical everyday phenomena.
When are proverbs and sayings used? Proverbs and sayings are used in live colloquial speech. And many of them are samples of colloquial prose.
What role do proverbs and sayings play in human life? Old proverbs live in our language today: both in conversation and in books. Proverbs decorate our speech, make it lively, witty.
Proverbs about proverbs Every Egor has a saying A saying is a flower, a proverb is a berry. The proverb is carried on, like a hut sweeping with a broom. An old proverb does not pass by.
Practical work 1 - Everything secret becomes clear with time 2- It's good at a party, but it's better at home 3- old friend better than the new two 4- business - time, fun hour
References > V.Sysoev > V.Dal http: //shortwisdom.ru/ http: //vit-san.narod.ru/pos-pog.htm/
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On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes
Project work “Mini-tasks on probability theory and combinatorics” The work was completed by students of grade 5a Project leader: mathematics teacher Yakhina Olga
The purpose of the project.1. Learn to solve combinatorial problems different ways(tree method, graph method, table method); learn to solve problems to determine the type of events (reliable, random ...
Project work "The influence of atmospheric pressure on the well-being and health of a person"
The relevance and need to deal with such issues natural phenomenon, like atmospheric pressure, arose a long time ago. People have been doing this since ancient times, with ...
“In the simplicity of the word is the greatest wisdom.
Proverbs and songs are always short,
and the mind and feelings are invested in them for whole books.
A.M. Gorky
In November 2008, my 2nd "B" class participated in the erudite competition "EMU" (Erudite-Marathon of Students). The tasks of the competition required an excellent understanding of many subjects - biology, architecture, literature, logic, but mostly in the Russian language.
One of the tasks was “Say a word - add a proverb!”:
- The courage of the city...
- Under a lying stone, water does not ...
- Butter porridge is not ...
What a surprise it was when the results of the competition were summed up - only a few people out of 73 students of the second grades of our gymnasium coped with this task completely. The rest of the guys either did not give an answer at all, or gave incorrect answers. None of the students use the wisdom accumulated by their ancestors in their Everyday life and speech.
Do we use many folk proverbs and sayings in our colloquial speech? How many proverbs are these bunches folk wisdom- knows by heart each of us?
We decided that the situation needed to change. Proverbs have come down to us from ancient times. These are short, simple, but rich in thought sayings, a pantry of countless treasures of human wisdom. In their best proverbs, the people passed on from fathers to sons, from grandfathers to grandchildren their cherished rules of life, taught intelligence. They could always find useful advice, what to do in this or that case, because they cover all aspects of the life of the people, reflect people's ideas about nature, about the Motherland, about work, about the family, about morality, about intelligence and stupidity, about good and evil, etc.
As the Russian proverb says, "A big river starts with a small stream." And we decided to become such a stream, to convey to many the beauty, benefits and functionality of folk proverbs in modern life. After all, if we listen to our language today, we will feel its stereotyped, “slang”, inexpressive and uninformative - not “delicious” for hearing. In today's times of globalization and high speeds, large flows of information and a small amount of time for making decisions, we need to start our path to success with the study of our native language, already accumulated folk wisdom, the main part of which is accurately, concisely and aptly expressed precisely in proverbs. We have created our group practice-oriented project. The whole class (27 people) participated in the project.
Objective of the project
Top up active vocabulary students with proverbs, clarify the meaning and meaning of each of them, learn how to apply them in speech. As a result, independently create a book-collection "" Favorite Proverbs "of students 2 "B" class of gymnasium No. 2", in which to collect thematic proverbs of the Russian people and proverbs invented by students, give them an interpretation, draw illustrations.
Project objectives:
- To diagnose the level of knowledge of proverbs in children 8-9 years old on the basis of 2 classes of gymnasium No. 2, evaluate the results obtained, develop solutions and appropriate activities
- Learn on your own, search necessary information using different sources, share information
- Develop creative abilities. Create a handwritten version of the book "Favorite proverbs of students 2 "B" class of gymnasium No. 2" with the author's decoration.
To achieve the goal, a lot of effort should be made: “Without labor, you can’t even take a fish out of the pond.”
Stages of work on the project
1. Thematic lessons with a teacher.
In these lessons, the guys exchanged information they found about proverbs. We tried to formulate our own definition of a proverb, identified its main features and functions.
A proverb is a complete generally accepted saying that allows you to briefly and accurately evaluate an act in a certain situation.
Observing the proverbs, we created for ourselves the following classification of them:
- Proverbs of the peoples of the world
- Thematic proverbs
- Proverbs from different times
- Proverbs with direct and figurative meaning
- Proverbs with a poetic and prose warehouse
- Proverbs about proverbs
- Proverbs from different origins.
2. Determine the main thematic groups of proverbs for in-depth study by students.
The subject of proverbs is literally limitless. They react to all phenomena of reality, reflect the life and worldview of the people in all its diversity, they convey everyday, social, philosophical, religious, moral, ethical, aesthetic people's views. Reading the literature on proverbs, we have chosen four main topics for study:
- motherland
- Human
- teaching, knowledge
- Labor and rest
3. Each student together with their parents studied the proverbs of the Russian people on the chosen topic.
4. Each student had to choose one or two proverbs and design a page future book(proverb, interpretation, illustration). It turned out individual mini-project.
5. try come up with your own proverb and arrange it as a page of a future book (proverb, interpretation, illustration). Studying proverbs, we learned their rules of construction. First they tried to compose in class, and then on their own. The children were so carried away that they involved their parents in writing.
6. Design a book of proverbs, according to the rules. We've had lessons extracurricular reading the structure of the book. Together they came up with the title, the name of the publisher, annotation. In doing so, we decided to create a book of two main parts:
- Proverbs of the Russian people studied by students.
- Proverbs invented by students and parents.
7. Prepare presentation lesson on the work done.
8. Perform in front of students in other classes elementary school gymnasium No. 2 with a thematic lesson-presentation.
9. Prepare to participate in the competition "I want to become an academician."
10. Take part in the competition and win!
Results of the project
After all these stages, we got excellent results in accordance with the proverb "What you sow, you will reap."
Teachers and parents noted the increased interest of children in proverbs, sayings and, in general, in the way they speak. Children began to ask questions, with pleasure they came up with their own proverbs and sayings. In the lessons, when constructing texts, the guys began to use proverbs. Parents also told us that at home, when watching films, children singled out phrases in the characters' speech that could become proverbs and sayings.
We re-tested and evaluated the results of the Smart round of the city erudite competition "EMU". In this round, the student could choose tasks. Each task was worth a certain number of points. The task "Grandmother's proverbs" cost 5 points, i.е. was in the most difficult category. Consisted of five tasks. The results showed:
- only 50% of the participants in this round chose the question "Grandmother's Proverbs".
- out of 100% of participants who chose this question, 53% of children gave one wrong answer out of five tasks, while only 7% of children made two mistakes, and 40% of children completed the task without errors.
The children learned to understand the richness, depth and wisdom of the language. Discovered new facets of the wonderful world of oral folk art. And they themselves became part of this world! After all, now another wonderful book of proverbs has appeared in literature, the authors of which are children. The book contains 50 proverbs, of which 22 are author's proverbs and 53 are illustrations.
This suggests that our project and project activities are already producing practical results and enriching the lives of not only students in our class, but also their friends, other students of the school. And we are proud of it! And we also became winners of the city competition "I want to become an academician."
The most important thing in working on a project is its significance for the one who makes it. Then everything will work out!
MUNICIPAL BUDGET GENERAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION
PRIMARY EDUCATIONAL SCHOOL №3 TROITSKOYE VILLAGE OF NANAI DISTRICT OF KHABAROVSK KRAI
Project
Project on the topic "Oral folk art»
"Proverbs and sayings"
Completed:
Polyakov Georgy
Antonevich Polina
Tikhonova Kristina
Sleptsova Anastasia
2015
s.Troitskoe
Methodical passport educational project
Project "Proverbs and sayings".
Subject : Literary reading.
Class: 3
Project type : creative, teamwork.
Planned result : students create a presentation about proverbs and sayings.
Goals and objectives of the project:
Introduce the concept research activities”, introduce some methods, forms and methods of scientific research.
Creation of conditions for self-realization of the student through the implementation of the study.
Formation of motivation for research activities.
Formation of creative activity.
The development of independence.
Equipment: PC, books
Time : 5 days
Project work
Main stages of work:
PREPARATORY STAGE
1. Acquaintance with the ideas of the project
2. Formation of groups, distribution of responsibilities.
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION STAGE
1. Work in groups to collect material
Find proverbs and sayings in textbooks, in additional literature, on the Internet with the help of a teacher, parents
2. Practical work. Work on explaining the meaning of proverbs and sayings.
Give examples. How is a proverb different from a proverb?
(teacher consultation)
3. Choice of the form of presentation of the result
Formulation of work results.
THE FINAL STAGE
Presentation and defense of the results of the work.
Summing up.
Project product - album
Ways to work : collection of information from various sources; work on the meaning of proverbs; registration of a piggy bank in an album; speech at the conference.
Project content: According to its content, the project "Proverbs and Sayings" has two aspects: educational and research. On the one hand, its participants will be enriched with knowledge about what a proverb, saying is, how they appeared, what is their basis. They will expand ideas about the world, about work, about learning, about friendship, which is very important for the intellectual and creative development younger children school age. On the other hand, project participants, as a result of search, cognitive, research work make sure that learning means working. Acquire independent work skills. Learn how to present the acquired knowledge and experience.
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Application.
Proverbs and sayings
A house is not built without corners, speech is not spoken without a proverb.
Red speech with a saying.
A proverb is a flower, a proverb is a berry.
Every Egor has a saying
About Motherland
On someone else's side, I'm happy with my little funnel.
Own land and in a handful is sweet.
The native side is the mother, the alien side is the stepmother.
Wormwood does not grow without a root.
Where the pine has grown, there it is red.
Stupid is the bird that has not made its nest
On the other side, even the falcon is called a crow.
On the other side, and the spring is not red.
About family
When the sun is warm, when the mother is good.
There is no friend like a mother.
What is the treasure, if the family is in harmony.
Brotherly love is better than stone walls.
The bird is happy for spring, and the baby is happy for its mother.
The children's hut is fun.
The whole family is together, and the soul is in place.
Maternal affection knows no end.
Maternal anger is like spring snow: and a lot of it will fall, but it will soon melt.
The dear child has many names.
Grandmother - only one grandfather is not a grandson.
Good daughter Annushka, if her mother and grandmother praise.
About labor.
What is the spin, such is the shirt on it.
If you don't know how to sew with gold, then strike with a hammer.
Get up early, understand sensibly, perform diligently.
Labor feeds a person, but laziness spoils.
Patience and a little effort.
The craft of drinking and eating does not ask, but feeds itself.
Not an ax amuses, but a carpenter.
Boring day until evening, if there is nothing to do.
Postpone idleness, but do not postpone business.
About mind.
They are greeted by the dress, escorted by the mind.
And the strength of the mind is inferior.
We went smart - say one word; send a fool - say three, but go after him yourself.
A smart head has a hundred hands.
Mind is good, but two is better.
As is the mind, so are the speeches.
In a smart conversation - to gain your mind, in a stupid one - to lose your own.
From the window of the whole world you can not look back.
Repetition is the mother of learning.
About courage
Do not be brave on the stove, but do not be afraid in the field.
It's good to tease a bear out the window.
About friendship
An old friend is better than two new ones.
A friend argues, and an enemy agrees.
Do not recognize a friend in three days, recognize in three years.
A friend and brother is a great thing: you won’t get it soon.
I was with a friend, I drank water - sweeter than honey.
There is no friend, so look for, but you will find, so take care.
Make new friends, but don't lose old ones.
For a friend, seven miles is not a suburb.
Without a friend - an orphan; with a friend - a family man.
Seven do not wait for one.
A horse is known in grief, and a friend in trouble.
One bee does not bring much honey.
About teaching
Learning is light and ignorance is darkness.
The root of the doctrine is bitter, but the fruit is sweet.
The scientist leads, and the unlearned follows.
Read books, but don't forget things.
Repetition is the mother of learning.
About the truth
Good glory lies, and the bad one runs.
Stand up for the right cause.
In whom there is no truth, there is little good in that.
Know the matter, but remember the truth.
Truth does not sink in water, does not burn in fire.
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