Psychologist's advice to pregnant women. Useful tips for pregnant women

Pregnancy is that period in life when you need to give up many of your habits. But is it worth it to be so critical of the new situation and deprive yourself of all the joys of life? The answer is "No". But the taboo list still exists.

Basic prohibitions for pregnant women

There are many myths and facts about this period of a woman's life: some believe that she cannot cut her hair, paint her nails, move actively, etc. You should look into this more carefully. Due to the change in the hormonal background, it is better to refrain from perming and hair coloring procedures, as a result of which their condition may worsen. If you belong to the category of women who dye their hair all the time, opt for sparing options. The expectant mother is also forbidden to wear synthetic underwear. During pregnancy, you can not:

Don't change the climate

On early dates pregnancy, if there are no contraindications, you can travel. But here are the flights, due to which there is a change in climate and there are drops atmospheric pressure, at a later date - prohibited. In addition, some women themselves can hardly endure even simple weather changes, not to mention if they are in a position. Therefore, it is better not to take risks, but to take care of yourself and your tummy without changing the usual rhythm of life. We are not saying that it is better for pregnant women not to leave the house at all. But in winter, it is not recommended to change the frost for the sun, even for those ladies whose pregnancy proceeds calmly.

Less talking on the phone

IN modern world human communications are built mainly on communication through intermediaries such as the Internet and mobile phones. So stop using mobile phone, even knowing its harm, is quite difficult. Only now it has been proven that the use of cellular communications is something that pregnant women cannot do. Therefore, if there is absolutely no way without a mobile, limit its use and completely turn it off at night.

Don't take hot baths

Anything that raises body temperature above 38.9C, whether it's a long bath or too much long stay in the sauna, or exhausting work in the heat, or a viral infection - this is potentially dangerous for the development of the fetus, especially in the first months of pregnancy. There is one more important point: during pregnancy, a woman's vaginal microflora is very vulnerable. So, from this point of view, a hot bath for women in position is not very good.

Better get in the habit of taking a shower. And even better - a contrast one, because this is hardening, which has a beneficial effect on the entire body as a whole, since the redistribution of blood resulting from such a procedure is useful for the functioning of such organs as the brain, liver, heart, and also for the entire reproductive system.

Don't cross your legs

The cross-legged position is one of the most beloved of all women. However, one of the main tasks of pregnant women is to strive to reduce the load on the legs and allow the legs to fully relax. Only now, if you sat down to rest and at the same time crossed your legs, then you do not give rest to your legs. Moreover, you worsen the condition of the legs, as there is an additional clamping of the veins and swollen tissues. As a result, the legs do not rest, swelling increases, and the possibility of cellulite development is aggravated!

If in the first half of pregnancy swelling does not bother you - this is very good! But in the second half, in addition to the growing belly and weight, the baby's head also grows, which gradually descends to the entrance to the small pelvis. And you, constantly putting your foot on your foot, impede the correct course of this process. In some women, there is even a rather strong relaxation of the ligaments, especially the pubic ones, and pathological mobility of the pubic joint occurs.

When the head is lowered, in the cross-legged position, the pressure on the baby's head increases, and this can very adversely affect the health of your child.

Don't drink too much, don't eat too little

At the insistence of doctors, pregnant women are not advised to drink more than 2 liters of water per day. And it is better if this figure does not exceed 1.5 liters. Moreover, soups, fruits and juices are also taken into account.

As for nutrition, diets during pregnancy are out of the question. Nutrition just has to be right! Pay special attention to this issue, as it is one of the important conditions favorable course and outcome of pregnancy, childbirth, normal development of the fetus and newborn.

Do not smoke or inhale smoke

It is not news that smoking is dangerous for both the smoker and the witness. And if you are also pregnant, then passive smoking during this period may cause intrauterine growth retardation, development in the fetus cancerous tumors, and, it is not excluded, the possibility of premature birth.

Smokers are at double risk. Babies born to women who smoke are more likely to have problems with the central nervous system and weigh little. Therefore, quitting smoking is not just necessary, but necessary!

Of course, losing your favorite habits is not easy. But for the sake of the baby, after all, you can try!

Nutrition. Pregnant women should not eat:

It is undesirable to drink coffee and strong tea during pregnancy, because It contains caffeine, which has a stimulating effect on nervous system baby. If you simply cannot imagine your life without coffee, then you need to reduce its amount to two cups a day. It is also worth abandoning other products containing caffeine, replacing them with safer ones.

Physical activity, housework, health

Pregnant women should not have sex? It is possible in the absence of contraindications. Remember that sex during pregnancy should be as gentle as possible, avoid sudden movements.

Can pregnant women lift weights? Highly undesirable. All individually, but theoretically, raising heavy weight may induce preterm labor. In addition, it is detrimental to the back of the expectant mother.

What exercises should not be done while pregnant? Any exercise that involves sudden movements, pressure on the stomach, unnatural load on the back, etc. If you want to be physically active during your pregnancy, there are a variety of pregnancy fitness programs to look out for, but try to choose a reliable instructor.

Pregnant women can not wash by hand? It is strictly prohibited. Washing by hand can not only tire you out, create unnecessary tension in your back, but also adversely affect your health and the health of your baby due to prolonged contact with water containing detergents.

During pregnancy, especially in the first months avoid overwork. Try to work so as not to feel tired. Entrust any hard work around the house to your husband, he probably will not ask why pregnant women should not lift weights, but on the contrary, he will carefully take on part of the work. Moreover, packages with purchases and even small children should also be considered heavy.

You can't overstress your legs. If you start to feel discomfort in your legs, then be sure to take a break, rest. It is best, in case of overwork, to lie down or use a chair so that you can stretch your legs and let them relax.

Pregnant women should not be vaccinated, sick or take medication? Of course, diseases are best avoided, since taking medication during pregnancy is undesirable. In any case, this issue should be decided by your doctor and no one else.

As far as vaccinations are concerned, vaccinations against measles, mumps, rubella and tuberculosis can be especially dangerous. If you are going to travel to another country, you should clarify in advance whether you need to do any vaccinations and consult with a specialist about them.

trips

If you need to go somewhere, you can use, perhaps, any mode of transport, except for airplanes. During the flight, frequent pressure drops occur, which will negatively affect the state of health. For the same reason, it is better to forget about rides and extreme sports for a while. Otherwise, when traveling, try not to overwork and take care of your back.

Appearance and personal care

Should pregnant women dye their hair? More precisely, it is harmful, because when using hair dye, you inhale the vapors emitted by it. This can have a bad effect on your well-being, and it is advisable to protect the unborn baby from chemical odors.

Are pregnant women not allowed to sunbathe? It is possible, but in moderation. Overexposure ultraviolet rays on the skin can lead to oncological diseases so whether you are pregnant or not, sunbathing must be dosed.

Should pregnant women take a bath? More precisely, a hot bath, it can provoke various complications up to termination of pregnancy. Warm baths are not only possible, but also necessary, as they help to relax tense muscles.

Should pregnant women not wear heels? Highly undesirable. High-heeled shoes put additional stress on the spine, which is already strained during pregnancy.

Folk signs about what not to do when pregnant

There are many superstitions that prohibit various actions:

• pregnant women should not knit, sew;
• to cut hair;
• buy things for the baby before birth.

Most of these signs are far-fetched and are purely associative in nature. You should not pay attention to them. But some superstitions are not without common sense. For example, the statement " pregnant women shouldn't pet cats”- a cat may well be the cause of infection with toxoplasmosis. However, if you do not forget about elementary rules hygiene and wash your hands often with soap and water, then cats do not pose any threat.

What pregnant women should not go to funerals also quite logical. Expectant mothers are very impressionable, and any experiences negatively affect pregnancy.

And the most important ban pregnant women should not be nervous and think about the bad. Good mood and a smile on your face will do much more than all the advice and advice.

Before the birth of the baby, you do not need to find out his gender

The Church opposes such predictions. Once, experts said that the procedure could harm the baby's body. But today, all expectant mothers must undergo an ultrasound scan. Naturally, if the baby is hiding in such a way that it is impossible to determine its gender, then this procedure should not be carried out often.

A pregnant woman should not hold her hands above her head for a long time.

A woman who is expecting a baby is not recommended to hang curtains, hang clothes, because the baby can get tangled in her own umbilical cord. The baby can wrap itself in its umbilical cord if it is very long or the baby has a very high activity. How long the umbilical cord will be in a baby is laid down at the genetic level, so a woman cannot influence its length in any way.

For a long time, gynecologists confirmed the fact that if during pregnancy a woman often raises her hands high, then at the time of birth, the child will throw the umbilical cord over herself. But to date, experts have proven that this is not at all interconnected. But, it is worth knowing that after the twentieth week of pregnancy, you really do not need to raise your hands often so that the amniotic fluid does not pour out and premature birth does not begin. This does not happen often, but everything, it is better not to risk it.

You can not swear in the presence of a pregnant woman, because the child may have a birthmark

Congenital pigment spots occur due to the fact that melanocytes - pigment cells - develop incorrectly. They are both on the skin and inside. The exact reasons why such age spots occur have not been clarified, but it has been proven that they do not develop as a result of scandals during pregnancy.

But do not forget that all negative emotions, which a woman receives when she quarrels with someone, harms both her and the baby. Therefore, any situations that can bring negative emotions should be avoided.

A woman who is expecting a child is forbidden to sew, otherwise she can “sew up” the baby’s path to our world

This is an invented superstition, completely unjustified. It was invented out of nothing to do. This judgment has no smart justification, because needlework can only positively affect the future mother. But at the same time, it is important to remember that you need to do needlework only in a position that will be convenient for the mother, so that in this position all useful substances and blood can normally flow to the fetus.

If mommy long time sews and notices that the baby suddenly began to move very actively or suddenly calmed down, then in this case she needs to change position - lie down or go for a little walk.

Things for the child can not be purchased before birth

This superstition has existed since ancient times. Previously, it was believed that clothes prepared and purchased in advance cannot belong to the unborn baby, since they have already been occupied otherworldly forces. There is also another explanation - in ancient times in Rus', all families had many children, there was no need to purchase new things, since all things passed from older children to younger children. But for the first child, it was customary to prepare clothes in advance.

Mom had to sew tiny clothes, and my father made a cradle. In those days, there were no special stores for small children, and there was no opportunity to purchase things a couple of days before the birth of a child.

WHAT YOU NEED TO DO TO MAKE PREGNANCY

FAVORABLE FOR YOU AND YOUR CHILD?

In order for pregnancy to be a joy for you and proceed without problems, only a few conditions must be met:

1.regular visits to an obstetrician-gynecologist, the implementation of all his recommendations and appointments;

2. correct mode work and rest;

3. observance of personal hygiene;

4. rational nutrition;

5. performing gymnastic exercises;

6. good psychological climate in the family, help from your family members;

7. a positive attitude towards a favorable outcome of the upcoming birth.

MODE OF WORK AND REST

A healthy pregnant woman can perform normal work. Moderate physical activity trains your muscles, activates the activity of internal organs and increases the overall tone of the body. But from work associated with prolonged standing on your feet, with lifting weights, as well as with exposure chemical substances, dust, radiation and other factors that can harm the baby, you need to refuse. There is a list of jobs from which a woman is legally exempted during pregnancy with a transfer to more light work and preservation wages. Business trips, overtime work, night work, weekends and holidays are prohibited.

It is undesirable to perform homework requiring frequent bending. When "sedentary" work is useful to put your feet on a bench or put on a chair, which will protect them from venous stagnation of blood and the development of varicose veins.

During pregnancy, you may notice that you get tired quickly,

feel sleepy. Good sleep is very beneficial for both you and your baby. The optimal duration of a night's sleep is not

less than 8-9 hours, even better if you find the opportunity for an additional afternoon nap.

During this period, the need for oxygen greatly increases - now it is needed not only for you, but also for the unborn baby, so ventilate the rooms, walk more on fresh air. It is best if the walks are short, but frequent.

A favorable atmosphere in your home is very important, without family conflicts and stress. worsens with pregnancy psychological perception some situations that previously left you indifferent. Your relatives, and especially your husband, should understand this very well and surround you with attention, care, and tenderness.

Don't worry if you notice a decline in interest in sexual contacts A: During pregnancy, it is completely natural. The rhythm of sexual intercourse will depend on the state of health of the woman. Sexual life is not recommended in the first 2-3 months of pregnancy in order to avoid spontaneous abortion and in the last 2 months because of the risk of premature termination and infection of the woman's genital tract.

You should beware of influenza and other infectious diseases.

Smoking and consumption of alcoholic beverages is not allowed.

No medicines should be taken without a doctor's prescription. But you don’t need to think that any medicines are prohibited during pregnancy - there are simply medicines that can have harmful effect on the unborn child and cause defects in the development of his body. What medicines and in what doses to take, only the doctor decides.

PERSONAL HYGIENE

Clothing should not constrain the chest and abdomen. The size of the bra should be changed as the volume of the mammary glands increases. In the second half of pregnancy, it is recommended to wear a special bandage. Shoes should be comfortable, with wide, low heels.

Frequent change of underwear and bed linen is required.

Body care. High level the hormone progesterone causes an increase in secretion sebaceous glands skin. Take a warm shower 2 times a day, it is advisable to shave the hair under the arms. If you have dry skin, you can use a moisturizing lotion. You will have to give up hot baths and sauna visits - these pleasures are dangerous, they can lead to premature termination of pregnancy. The external genitalia require special care - they need to be washed several times a day. At the same time, try not to use a strong ascending shower jet.

Oral and dental care. It is recommended to brush your teeth in the morning and in the evening, and rinse your mouth after every meal. Obligatory examination by a dentist and sanitation of the oral cavity.

Preparation of the mammary glands and nipples for feeding the child consists in daily washing them with water at room temperature, rubbing them with a terry towel and taking air baths before going to bed (leave the mammary glands open for 10-15 minutes).

Pull out flat or inverted nipples with clean fingers 2-3 times a day for 3-4 minutes, after lubricating them with a cosmetic cream.

Nutrition for a pregnant woman great importance for the normal development of the fetus and the health of the mother. Malnutrition leads to miscarriages, a decrease in fetal weight, and increases the frequency of loss of children after childbirth.

Excessive food intake causes an increase in the body weight of the newborn, which in turn complicates childbirth: the birth canal and the child are injured.

In the first half of pregnancy, a woman's diet should not differ significantly from that before pregnancy. You can allow spicy and salty dishes, with nausea in the morning it is better to take food lying down. Strong tea, coffee, alcohol should be excluded. Limit foods that cause allergies: citrus fruits, chocolate, etc.

During pregnancy, it is advisable to increase fluid intake to 2 liters per day to prevent urinary tract infections. Acidified drinks are useful: cranberry or lingonberry juice, lemon tea, kidney tea. IN late dates during pregnancy, the amount of drinking should be reduced to 1200-1500 ml, limit the intake of table salt to 5-8 g per day. It is desirable that boiled or stewed foods predominate in your diet.

With an increase in the mass of the fetus, the uterus increases the need for proteins up to 120 g per day. Proteins are rich in meat, fish, eggs, cottage cheese, milk, from plant products - legumes, cabbage, buckwheat, oatmeal. At the end of pregnancy, meat consumption should be limited, especially in fried form, mushroom dishes. The amount of carbohydrates should not exceed 500g per day, and if the pregnant woman is overweight, 300g. It is advisable to get carbohydrates in foods rich in fiber (wholemeal bread, vegetables, fruits, cereals). From 14 weeks of pregnancy, it is necessary to reduce the consumption of confectionery, sweets; the amount of sugar should not exceed 40-50g. Compensation for energy costs is provided by fats, their consumption increases, but should not exceed 85 g per day. From vegetable fats, sunflower and olive oil, from animals - creamy and melted. Lamb, beef lard, margarine should not be included in the diet.

Particular attention should be paid to the sufficient content of vitamins in food. It is good for you to eat at least five servings of fresh fruits and vegetables throughout the day. Portions can be quite small, such as an apple, or a small cup of grapes, or two large spoons of fruit salad, or one glass (150 ml) of fresh juice, or some greens of any kind, or a cup of vegetable salad. Fiber, which is rich in plant foods, will help your intestines work.

The body of a pregnant woman needs in large numbers calcium, phosphorus, iron, so in the daily diet should be dairy products and foods rich in iron.

Even the most ideal diet will not be able to give your body all the vitamins it needs and minerals. In consultation with the doctor, it is necessary to take vitamin and mineral complexes.

GYMNASTIC EXERCISES.

Hygienic gymnastics is indicated in the normal course of pregnancy. It strengthens the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall and pelvic floor, which facilitates the process of childbirth. It is important that the exercises do not make you overtired or short of breath. Avoid sports that could cause falls or bruises, such as cross-country skiing or horseback riding. At the same time, calm cycling will not harm you, and you can swim without any harm to health even up to the 9th month of pregnancy. Before choosing gymnastic exercises, consult your doctor. Complexes of exercises vary depending on the duration of pregnancy.

WHAT EXERCISES DO YOU NEED IN THE FIRST HALF OF PREGNANCY?

In the first 16 weeks of pregnancy, the main goal of gymnastics is to teach you proper breathing and the ability to strain and relax your muscles; these skills will be useful to you during childbirth.

The first type of breathing is slow and deep. Place your hands with spread fingers on the sides of your chest and inhale

so deep that the hands feel how the entire chest is filled with air. Then exhale slowly.

The second type of breathing is shallow. It mainly involves the upper part of the chest. Place your palms on your shoulders and try to take a few quick breaths in and out so that your hands feel the movement of your shoulders up and down. You will need the ability to control breathing during childbirth.

Another technique that is useful for you to master is relaxation. If you learn to control your muscles in advance, then you will have a good rest between contractions during childbirth, and you will protect yourself from breaks. To fully relax, imagine a situation that makes you feel completely comfortable, such as relaxing on the beach under the scorching sun, swimming in warm water. Sit comfortably in a chair with a headrest, place your relaxed hands on the armrests, and slightly spread your feet.

First you need to relax the muscles of the face - perform the so-called "relaxation mask". Keep your forehead relaxed, lower your eyelids, stop looking inward and downward, gently place your tongue over your upper teeth, and let your lower jaw drop slightly. After several attempts, this technique will easily succeed. After creating a "mask of relaxation", relax the muscles of the back of the head and neck, imagine that your arms and legs hang freely, and relax them too.

Mini-training for tension and relaxation according to the Nikolaev-Lamaz method is carried out lying or sitting:

1. Consistently tighten the feet, calves, thighs, buttocks, perineum, hands, forearms, shoulders, face. At the same time, focus on the part of the body that you are straining. Then, in the same sequence, relax the muscles, concentrating on them.

4. Tighten your right leg and left hand and relax your left leg and right hand, then do the opposite. Relax on an internal command.

WHAT EXERCISES DO YOU NEED IN THE SECOND HALF OF PREGNANCY?

In the second half of pregnancy, do exercises that will increase the flexibility of the spine and pelvic joints.

1. Get on your knees and lean on your hands. Exhaling and arching your back, move your pelvis forward. After a few seconds, return to the starting position, inhale. This exercise not only develops the mobility of the pelvis, but also helps to relieve back pain.

2. Squatting, spread your feet apart. The back should be straight, hands clasped in front at knee level. Without lifting your heels from the floor, push your hips apart with your elbows. This exercise will improve your mobility. hip joints, strengthens the muscles of the back and hips.

3. Sitting on a chair, tense and then relax the muscles of the perineum,

repeat the exercise 10-15 times. You can do it standing, lying or sitting. This exercise strengthens the muscles of the pelvic floor, which is very useful for you during childbirth.

More details about the exercises that are useful to you are described on the website of the “Code of Health and Longevity” - www.kzid.ru.

HOW YOU CAN MAKE DELIVERY EASIER

Childbirth is physical labor, so you need to learn how to save energy. There is no need to be afraid of labor pain: fear interferes with the proper course of childbirth, and you can learn how to manage painful contractions in advance. You will be helped by the implementation of some rules of conduct during childbirth.

BODY POSITION

At the beginning of labor, while the contractions are still short and infrequent, you can choose the position of the body that is most comfortable for you. You should not lie on your back for a long time, since in this position the fetus squeezes the mother's large blood vessels, reducing blood flow to the placenta. In the active stage of labor, when contractions are frequent, try to change the position of the body and lie more on your side. If the doctor allows, walk around, stand, leaning on a chair, kneel, leaning on your hands. When a woman in labor alternates between walking and lying down (alternates between an active body position and a resting position), childbirth is less painful.

During childbirth, the baby's head presses down bladder, and urine quickly accumulates in it. A full bubble, in turn, prevents the baby's head from descending into the pelvic cavity. So try to urinate every 2-3 hours.

RULES OF BREATHING

Your ability to breathe properly is of great importance for the well-being of the child during childbirth. During a contraction, when the uterus contracts, he receives less oxygen and suffers from this. While the contractions are long and not very frequent, you need to breathe deeply so that the blood is well oxygenated. When the contractions become more intense, take a few deep breaths at the beginning of the contraction, and as it increases, switch to shallow breathing. Between

Strive to relax as much as possible.

RELAXATION TECHNIQUES

During childbirth, relaxation techniques that you already know will come in handy. Use self-hypnosis formulas. Tell yourself: “I am calm. Contractions are a sign of normal labor activity. Gradually they will intensify. My breathing is even and deep. The muscles are relaxed. The fight is over now and I'll rest." Contrary to common misconception, childbirth is not necessarily accompanied by pain; in about 20% of women, they are painless. There are several tricks that will allow you to significantly reduce the feeling of contraction.

ANESTHETIC RECEPTIONS DURING STRIGHT.

1. Deep and rhythmic breathing. Inhale through the nose for a long time, exhale through the mouth briefly, 16-18 times per minute.

2. Stroking the lower half of the abdomen in the form of light tangential movements with the fingertips. Hand movements are made from the midline of the abdomen above the bosom outwards and upwards, combining with correct breathing. When moving along the abdominal wall outward - inhale, at the moment the hands return to their original position (through the air) - exhale. As the strength of contractions increases, the gesture is wider, the breath is deeper.

3. Pressing the "anesthetic points" while lying on your back:

a) protrusions of the scallop of the pelvis (anterosuperior iliac spines) on inner surface thumbs both hands, with the palm and the remaining four fingers located along the thigh.

Pressure and vibrating movements are carried out during the contraction simultaneously with deep breathing.

b) on the outer corners of the lumbar rhombus, for which the woman in labor should put her hands clenched into fists under the lower back, facing the back surfaces up.

4. Lumbar massage is performed in the form of rubbing or stroking it in the position of the woman in labor on her side or in the form of jerky movements from top to bottom in a sitting position.

REGULATION OF PULLING ACTIVITIES.

In the second stage of labor, with the onset of attempts, you need to take a deep breath, hold your breath and push until there is enough air in the lungs. To strengthen the attempts, you should press your chin to your chest, rest your feet against the supports, pull the handles (edges) of the bed towards you with your hands. Repeat this technique as long as the push continues. If during the push you manage to push 3 times, the push will be the most effective. But when the baby's head begins to appear, attempts at the command of the midwife must be stopped. Now efforts are superfluous - they will lead to too rapid exit of the head from the vagina, which threatens with tissue ruptures. To ease the strain, breathe quickly and shallowly through your mouth, just like a dog breathes on a hot day.

In the early stages of pregnancy, expectant mothers do not yet notice significant changes in their condition. The fact that there is a real miracle in the tummy is only reminiscent of morning sickness. At this stage, women are already beginning to lovingly stroke the still inconspicuous belly, talking with the baby, coming up with a name for him and guessing what color of undershirts they will have to order for their relatives for the baby’s birthday.

Despite the apparent ease of the condition, it is important now to treat your health as carefully as possible and understand that every action can affect the condition of the baby.

Important: more than 15 percent of all pregnancies end in miscarriages.

During gestation, you do not need to use:

• cinnamon;
• cedar;
• cypress;
• basil;
• lemongrass;
• juniper.

These aromas are ways to greatly invigorate a pregnant woman and increase the tone of the uterus. In some cases, doctors also forbid chamomile, rosewood, and sandalwood oils.

What future moms really need is herbal baths with calendula, mint and chamomile, which are added in any form. Some women put the herb in a cloth bag that they tie to the edge of the tub. In water, herbs begin to spread their beneficial properties.

What to wear in early pregnancy

Expectant mothers are not recommended to purchase tight clothing that hinders movement. The wardrobe of the expectant mother should be free and very comfortable. You can not walk in high heels, because they shift the center of gravity and increase the load on the spine. In no case should you buy synthetic underwear, you should temporarily abandon the "thong" panties. You need to choose underwear made of cotton material and wear special bodices.

Cosmetical tools

In the early stages, the expectant mother should be very careful in choosing cosmetics. For the development of the baby, substances such as:

• vitamin A;
• benzoyl peroxide;
• hydrocortisone.

Be healthy!

Video - Nutrition during pregnancy

Video - What not to do when pregnant

When a woman finds out that she is expecting a baby, she is interested in absolutely everything, and "" becomes the most visited service on the Internet. And this is not surprising, because pregnancy is a new condition, which until now we had only some idea, but it turned out that there are many nuances that we did not know about.

Gynecologist Olga Alekseevna Efimenko will talk about the main stages of pregnancy.

1-2 weeks of pregnancy is considered from the beginning of conception. The first seven days from fertilization, the egg moves along fallopian tube to the uterine cavity. On the 7th day, implantation (introduction) of a fertilized egg into the wall of the uterus occurs. This is the first step towards the formation of the chorion - a close bond between mother and child. The second week ends just in time for the first day of the expected period, which will never come. At these times, there are practically no clinical manifestations, and the mother does not feel anything.

I would like to note that at the time of conception, the initial folate status of the mother is very important. Therefore, at the stage of pregnancy planning, girls need to consume foods high in folate or folic acid. There are also combined oral contraceptives containing folic acid in their composition, which improve the status of a girl at the stage of pregnancy planning.

3-4 weeks - delayed menstruation! The chorion produces a specific hormone - chorionic gonadotropin - hCG. You need to do a pregnancy test with morning urine. Two stripes - the answer is yes. There may be mild nausea in the morning, changes in taste and appetite. A period of joy - a new life lives in me.

5-6 weeks. You need to do an ultrasound. The embryo has a heartbeat and mommy can see it on the monitor screen. It is very important to do an ultrasound at this time to exclude an ectopic pregnancy, in which the test will also be positive. In addition, it is possible to diagnose with certainty the number of embryos in the uterus (sometimes 2 or 3).

4-8 weeks - the most important - the time of formation of the baby's organs and systems. If possible, all harmful factors should be avoided. environment. Avoid alcohol, drugs, excessive physical exercise. Avoid contact with viral infections, do not overcool. During these periods, the embryo is most vulnerable to damaging factors, both internal and external.

8-12 weeks continue to form internal organs and baby systems. This is the time for prenatal screening - a blood test and a special ultrasound to exclude genetic and gross malformations of the fetus. If, after prenatal screening, there are suspicions of a genetic pathology of the fetus, a more detailed study is necessary - a chorionic biopsy. Especially for mothers after 37 years.

12-16 weeks - the period of formation of the placenta - a special organ to ensure the exchange of oxygen and nutrients a baby that is growing rapidly. Subjectively, mom does not feel anything. The uterus, increasing in size, goes to the level of the womb. Although the tummy is still small. Slight pigmentation may appear on the face, chest and white line of the abdomen. No need to worry - it's temporary.

Read also:

Weekly pregnancy. Baby movements and development

16-20 weeks - interesting point. Mommy begins to feel weak tremors in herself - this is the stirring of the fetus. Incredible sensations! Primiparas feel this a little later than many women who have given birth. However, by 20 weeks of pregnancy, movement should be noted by all pregnant women.

20-24 weeks - the baby grows and develops. Mom's tummy is rounding. The bottom of the uterus rises to the level of the navel. The movements of the baby are clearly felt. It's time for another ultrasound. Pay attention to the location of the placenta. Low placentation often requires repeated ultrasounds and a more attentive attitude.

A woman in a position changes culinary preferences, lifestyle, attitude towards others. The mother-to-be consciously tries to limit herself from everything that can harm her child. This applies to diet, actions, bad habits. Knowing what is impossible for pregnant women at an early stage is necessary not only for newly-made parents, but also for relatives who also want to ensure a favorable pregnancy.

What not to do during pregnancy

There are many myths and facts about this period of a woman's life: some believe that she cannot cut her hair, paint her nails, move actively, etc. You should look into this more carefully. Due to the change in the hormonal background, it is better to refrain from perming and hair coloring procedures, as a result of which their condition may worsen. If you belong to the category of women who dye their hair all the time, opt for sparing options. The expectant mother is also forbidden to wear synthetic underwear. During pregnancy, you can not:

• take baths (hot);
• visit the sauna and solarium;
• take medication without consulting a doctor;
• vaccinate against rubella, tuberculosis, mumps;
• perform X-ray or fluorography;
• clean the cat's toilet (the cat is a carrier of a disease such as toxoplasmosis).

What not to eat when pregnant

A conscious woman during pregnancy reviews her diet with special care, some even hang a list of prohibited dishes in the kitchen. During this period, food addictions or aversion to certain foods are formed. It may turn out that you are not drawn to healthy food, but you want to eat more of what you can’t, so it’s important to study the list of foods that are dangerous to the health of the developing organism.

In the early stages

The development and health of the baby depends on how the first trimester of pregnancy goes, so the expectant mother should scrupulously approach the issue of her nutrition. It is advisable to give preference only natural products prepared in compliance with all sanitary standards. At this time, there are no significant changes in the woman's condition, but you still need to limit or exclude the following products:

• Sweets and flour products. They contribute to rapid weight gain, so in the early stages it is important to adjust your diet in order to feel good at the end of pregnancy and not suffer from edema. This category includes all kinds of confectionery and refined sugar, which do not contain vitamins, but are full of carbohydrates.
• Products that can cause allergies, which can result in improper development of the child or even miscarriage. These include red vegetables, fruits, citrus fruits, honey.
• Beans, beans, peas can cause increased gas formation, which will result in increased tone.
• Chocolate, being a powerful stimulant, has a detrimental effect on the mental and nervous system. little man. The measure is important here, a couple of pieces will not hurt anyone, so you are allowed to allow yourself such a treat once a week.

What should not be eaten by pregnant women

The diet of the expectant mother should not harm the developing organism. Some dishes can be limited during this important period of life, their single use will not lead to negative consequences. However, there are products that need to be blacklisted for the period of bearing a child and breastfeeding. Pregnant women should not eat:

What is better not to drink

If a cup of morning coffee has become a daily ritual for you, you should give up this pleasure for the sake of the health of your unborn child. This drink has an adverse effect: it increases blood pressure, provokes a threat of miscarriage, causes insomnia, removes vitamins and microelements from the body. You also need to remove caffeinated foods from your menu, do not drink energy drinks and cola.

It is permissible for black tea lovers to occasionally consume this drink, which should not be strong. The reason for this is all the same caffeine, which, penetrating the placenta, can harm the baby. Carbonated water must be discarded due to the content of chemicals and dyes.

Any drinks containing alcohol put a strain on the kidneys, which already work during pregnancy in an enhanced mode. Even if you decide to treat yourself to a glass of beer, this can negatively affect the intellectual abilities and the formation of the unborn baby, especially in the first trimester. Therefore, drinking alcohol is prohibited. Kvass is also better not to drink at this time. These tips for pregnant women in the early stages will help to avoid many unpleasant moments.

What not to do when pregnant

In this special period of life, new habits, rules appear and the perception of the world around us changes. Sometimes a woman thinks she can turn the world around, and sometimes she doesn't even have the strength to brush her teeth. It is important to treat this condescendingly and follow a set of measures that will ensure your safety. According to these rules, it is prohibited:

• Conduct general cleaning with household chemicals. In extreme cases, you need to protect yourself as much as possible by wearing gloves and ventilating the room.
• Sitting still at a computer or favorite job. Embroidering or other creative process, do not forget to do active physical 15-minutes.
• Walk in high heels (more than 4 cm). If you don't want to have varicose veins veins or flat feet, this can not be done.
• Sit with your legs crossed. In this position, the veins located in the popliteal fossa are clamped, and blood circulation in the pelvic organs slows down. The result may be fetal hypoxia.
• smoke. This leads to poor blood supply to the placenta due to its vasoconstrictive action. There is a chance that the baby will be born prematurely or with a small weight.
• Forget about parties and discos. The smell of cigarette smoke, alcohol and loud music do not contribute to the beneficial course of pregnancy.
• Hold off on extreme sports. Adrenaline negatively affects the mental activity of the baby, so you should avoid stress, worries and be less nervous. The expectant mother should provide herself with a calm and positive environment.

In the early stages

Sleeping on your stomach is not recommended during the first trimester. This position puts pressure on the uterus, which can damage the embryo. You can be in this position in rare cases, but by no means make it a habit. However, when the tummy has already noticeably increased, it is advisable to listen to the recommendations of doctors and exclude rest on the back. Blood circulation may be disturbed due to the fact that the grown belly will put a load on the deep veins.

In the first trimester, the girl's hormonal background changes, which results in mood swings and emotional outbursts. During this period, for some, intimate relationships are a necessity, while for others they are undesirable. According to doctors, a pregnant woman is allowed to have sex, moreover, it also has positive result because endorphins are released. Nice bonus is the training of the pelvic muscles.

However, there are contraindications in cases where the tone of the uterus is increased, there is a risk of miscarriage or an infection in the partner. It is better to refuse intimate relationships so that there is no abortion. In other cases expectant mother it is allowed to have sex throughout the entire pregnancy, the main thing is to avoid deep penetration, pressure on the stomach and too long intercourse.

What movements can not be done during pregnancy

While waiting for the baby, a woman should exclude work that involves lifting heavy objects (more than 3 kg). The permissible weight, in exceptional cases, is 5 kg. It is also contraindicated for pregnant women in the early stages to rearrange furniture in the apartment, make sharp and jerky movements. This can lead to premature birth. It is impossible to make repairs and heavy physical work. Leave the painting of the walls, beating the carpets, washing the windows to someone else or postpone for a certain time.

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