Flora of Crimea: names, photos and characteristics. Interesting Crimean plants mentioned in the Bible Rare Crimean flowers coloring book
Crimea is famous not only for the sea, beaches, but also for unique plants. Trees, shrubs, herbs fill the air with a pleasant aroma. In total, more than two thousand species of plants grow on the territory of the peninsula, about 260 of them are listed in the Red Book. Below I have described the most interesting, rare representatives of the Crimean flora.
Bay leaf is one of the most popular spices. In the Crimea, it is included in the fund of evergreens of the South Coast. The life expectancy of a laurel bush is about 300 years. The fruits are black in color and are used to make fragrant oil used for medicinal and technical purposes. The leaves are rich in volatile substances (phytoncides), which have a beneficial effect on human health. main feature- suppression of the development of tubercle bacillus. The plant is able to withstand temperatures down to -13 °.
You can see an evergreen plant of the myrtle family with fruits resembling a cucumber in the Crimea today in and in. It grows wild in Uruguay, Paraguay, Argentina and Brazil. Feijoa blooms with beautiful red-white petals, the middle of the flower is decorated with a purple stamen. The tree tolerates frosts up to 12 ° and drought well. Fruits are especially valued for their high iodine content. This property is inherent only to those plants that grow near the Black Sea coast.
The plant (evergreen) reaches a height of 2 - 3 meters. It looks especially impressive during flowering, in May - June. Belongs to the myrtle family, as well as eucalyptus, feijoa, and so on. The leaf is dark green in color, fills the space with a fragrant aroma when rubbed. Flowers form black fruits with a pleasant smell. The first plant appeared on the peninsula in 1815, in the famous botanical garden. Today, myrtle is very rare on the peninsula.
Not an annual plant of the sumach genus, in which there are about 20 species. It is one of the most ancient trees, the age can be up to one thousand years. The height of the pistachio with a dense crown and gray bark reaches 8 meters. The leaves are tufted, the flowers do not cause much emotion. The fruits are not edible. The root system has unique properties- anti-erosion. Pistachio tolerates drought and frost very well. The leaves have a strong smell of resin, it is she who has a healing property. Pistachio resin is used in medicine.
Corm plants, from the iris family, about 80 species of representatives are included in this group. The height of crocuses varies from 8 to 30 centimeters. On the territory of the peninsula, all wild crocuses are listed in the Red Book. Flowers adorn stone slopes, glades, delighting tourists with beautiful flowers from February to 15-20 April. The leaves of the plant are narrow, the flowers are light purple or yellow with a graceful limb. On the peninsula, you can often find saffron (the second name of crocus) in juniper groves.
Herbaceous perennial plants of the legume family - astragalus, have more than 2 thousand species. The height is small - from 5 to 10 centimeters. Feel comfortable in areas of increased drought. Astragalus bristleus is an endemic species. On the southern coast of Crimea, it is found on the famous, in the vicinity of Sudak. The best soil for him - gravelly slopes, rocky surfaces. You can enjoy the beauty of unusual red-violet flowers in May. At this time, by the way, many rare species bloom.
Orchid
Scientists disagree on how many species of orchids the orchid genus has, and the data vary greatly (from 20 to 35 thousand). In Crimea, up to 39 species of orchids will melt, including a rare representative - Komperia Compera. Komperia is a relic representative. A beautiful plant up to 50 centimeters tall. The leaves are grayish-green, three to four little things. The flowers are quite large, unusual shape. The orchid blooms from May to June. Meets unique plant in the so-called "Crimean Africa" -.
Fern
Exactly this rare plant from the entire family, numbering more than 10 thousand species. In the Crimea, this fern is represented by only 12 units. You can see them only on the majestic. The evergreen plant is covered with black-brown films on the vine. The rhizome is creeping, propagated by spores in the summer. The leaves are distinguished by an unusual dark green color, sometimes even black. The same species is found on the territory of Dagestan and Turkmenistan.
An endemic species that grows only in the Crimea. A frequent flower, but due to constant destruction is at risk. Therefore, it is reserved and carefully protected by the state. Snowdrop is a member of the Amaryllis family, which includes less than 20 species. Grows in shady places. Flowering begins in December - January and continues until the first leaves appear on the trees.
The perennial plant belongs to the buttercup family. Height from 10 to 25 centimeters. It grows mainly in pine and oak forests on rocks. Blooms from February to May. The stem is covered with a silvery fluff, the flowers are fluffy, lilac with a yellow center. The buds are large (3 - 3.5 cm). When the flower is closed, it can be confused with one of the tulip species. With the onset of evening, the flowers close, lower their heads. In the morning they bloom again. The plant is rare. Listed in and included in the Red List of Europe.
The plant, reaching a height of up to 50 cm, belongs to the peony family. It grows in the southern regions of Crimea. The leaf is green, elongated, similar to pine needles. The flower is bright red with a diameter of up to 10 centimeters. Flowering begins at the end of April and continues until June. Favorable soil for growth - stone slopes. It is found in the vicinity of Koktebel, on the territory. Most representatives of this species are on Mount Klimentyev.
Perennial plant of the orchid family. Listed in the Red Book. "Shoe" is distinguished by bright green oval-oblong leaves and inflorescences similar to shoes. They flaunt on tall stems, up to 60 centimeters tall. That's where the name came from. In the season of mass flowering, it spreads a pleasant aroma in the area, attracting great amount insects. It grows mainly in shady forests of mixed type, on the edges, but can sometimes be found in open areas.
A Red Book plant, only 5 centimeters in height, pleases with its flowering from January - March. This family includes more than 70 species, the Ankara colchicum is one of them. The leaves are covered with a bluish bloom, the flowers are pink-lilac in color, somewhat similar to a crocus. The main difference is the simultaneous appearance of inflorescences and leaves. Colchicum belongs to the category of poisonous, so it is strongly not recommended to tear it. You can get serious poisoning. It is found in the steppes, on mountain slopes. It looks especially impressive on them.
A perennial plant (buttercup family) that prefers the beech forests of the Crimea is as dangerous as it is beautiful. Blue, purple inflorescences are located on a long thin stem. Height can reach 2.5 meters. Flowers usually have irregular shape. Some species are distinguished by yellow inflorescences. In antiquity, aconite was used as one of the ways to enforce the death sentence. Some citizens manage to dig up tubers to plant in their summer cottage. Even knowing about the strongest poisonous properties.
The rose grows in Unlike the above described aconite has healing properties. The flowers look like wild roses when in bloom. Leaves and shoots, young, exude a pleasant aroma. It is from this plant that dark green or brown incense oil is obtained by distillation. It is used in perfumery as an excellent fixing agent. In the countries of the East and Egypt it is used for aromatic incense. Blooms white, pink or reddish in June - July, no longer than one day.
Iris
Only three types of irises out of 250 grow in Crimea: false calamus, dwarf and Siberian. False calamus irises prefer marshy places, foothill areas. The plant has powerful leaves and bright sunny flowers. The dwarf species is named for its small stature, the maximum to which they grow is 20 centimeters. Flowers of different shades - golden, purple, blue and even brown-yellow. Iris blooms from March to May, decorating large areas. What can not be said about the Siberian, it is very rare.
It is simply unrealistic to describe all the plants listed in the Red Book of Crimea. There are a huge number of them. But the species listed above, in my opinion, is quite enough to understand how rich, diverse and unique vegetable world peninsulas. All interesting and good rest!
It is known that the Bible mentions many plants. Some of them are widespread in Russia - wheat, barley, apple, narcissus, lily, blackthorn, wormwood, etc. Others can be found only in the south, including when relaxing in the Crimea. The botanical affiliation of some is obvious, while others are still disputed. For example, no one knows what kind of gopher from which Noah built his ark, some translate this word as acacia, others - Lebanese cedar, others - cypress. Therefore, we will not argue that all the plants mentioned in the article are exactly those that the authors of the Bible had in mind, but this does not make them less interesting.
Which of the plants of the Bible grow in the Crimea
Fig tree(fig, fig). This plant is mentioned many times in the Bible. It was fig leaves that Adam and Eve covered themselves with after they ate the forbidden fruit and realized that nudity is not good. Jesus cursed the same tree near Jerusalem for lack of fruit.
The fig sings
In Crimea, figs feel great on the South Coast and in Sevastopol, in some places they have run wild and grow on their own. In other parts of the peninsula, it has to be covered for the winter. Locals make excellent jam from figs, be sure to try it!
Lebanese cedar is mentioned 75 times in the Bible. For example, with his bark, the prophet Moses ordered the rabbis to treat leprosy and disinfect wounds during circumcision. It was used in the construction of the Jerusalem temples and, perhaps, Noah's Ark was built from it.
Primorsky Boulevard, Sevastopol
In Crimea, it can be found in almost all South Coast parks and just on the streets.
Burning bush(fraxinella). Careless tourists remember meeting with this plant forever. The thing is, touching it beautiful flower you can’t smell it either, otherwise blisters appear on the affected areas the next day, as if from a burn, which soon burst and expose bare meat.
Yasenets near the Black River near Sevastopol
This plant is called incendiary for interesting property- its fruits contain essential oils, and in such quantities that if, during the period of seed ripening in sunny calm weather, a match is brought to the bush, the air around will flare up for a second, and the plant will remain unharmed. Not all researchers agree that the Bible mentions exactly the ash tree. They remind that there was a bush with thorns, which the ash does not have.
olive tree(European or cultivated olive, European olive, olive tree) On the southern coast of Crimea there are old olive groves that look like they were planted in biblical times:
Olive grove in Nikitsky botanical garden
This useful oil-bearing plant was apparently brought here along with grapes by ancient Greek settlers.
Olive trees in the park of the sanatorium. Aivazovsky in Partenit
In the Bible, olives, the tree itself, flowers, fruits, olive oil are mentioned both directly and allegorically. For example, King David owned olive orchards, oil was added and added to the myrrh. A dove brings an olive branch to Noah, thus indicating that the flood is ending. It is also held in the hands of the Archangel Gabriel, telling the Virgin Mary the good news.
Palm. With palm branches, the inhabitants of Jerusalem met Jesus Christ. John the Theologian saw the saints before the throne of God with palm branches in their hands. There are many palm alleys and separately growing trees on the southern coast of Crimea. They tolerate short-term frosts and even snowfalls well.
Palm trees in Gurzuf, in the sanatorium "Pushkino"
In the Nikitsky Botanical Garden you can admire a whole collection of these heat-loving plants:
One of the palm groves of the Nikitsky Botanical Garden
Moreover, the palmarium is expanding in last years many new species have been planted.
One of the corners of the Nikitsky Botanical Garden
Grape. More often than this plant in the Bible, only the olive tree is found. Raisins, vines, wine, vineyards are mentioned in the Holy Book in connection with a variety of events.
Grape varieties "Moldova"
For example, King David takes raisins on the road, and he also receives them from Abigail with other gifts. Jesus on the cross is smeared with a sponge soaked in sour wine. Often grapes are used allegorically, for example, identifying Christ with the true vine, and his followers with its branches.
Old vineyard near the village of Chernorechye
In Crimea, grapes have been grown almost since biblical times, and therefore many autochthonous varieties have been preserved here, there are also wines made from them, for example, the famous Black Doctor.
New vineyard in the vicinity of the village. Angular
Hyssop is mentioned in the Bible 12 times and each time it is associated with some kind of ritual that helps to cleanse, whiten, protect, anesthetize something. Now this volatile plant is also used for medicinal and culinary purposes, and simply adorns the streets of southern cities. In Crimea, it can be found in the most different places, in parks, squares, flowerbeds.
hyssop blooms
Juniper mentioned in the Bible in connection with the life of the prophet Elijah, who rests under it, and then finds food under it. Again, the researchers argue whether it was exactly a juniper or the translation is incorrect, and if it is a juniper, then what kind?
Junipers at Cape Sarych
Different types of junipers grow in the Crimea, some of them are listed in the Red Book, so when buying products from its wood, tourists either indulge poachers or acquire fakes - products from other wood soaked in coniferous oils.
Juniper right on the rock - a typical Crimean picture
Saffron(crocus) is mentioned in Scripture only once - in Old Testament in the Song of Songs of Solomon listed as fragrant plants next to nard, calamus, cinnamon and myrrh.
Crocus - one of the Crimean snowdrops
In Crimea, it can be found everywhere, in forests, on city lawns, in the front gardens of local residents. Its delicate flowers can also be found in autumn - these colchicums:
Autumn saffron on the Omega beach in Sevastopol
And these crocuses were taken on the Baydar Pass, where they, along with bright blue scillas in early spring bloom in mountain forests under the crowns of trees that have not yet spread their leaves:
Saffron on the Baidar Pass
Cypress It is mentioned 7 times in the Bible. For example, in the Old Testament, in the Book of the prophet Isaiah, the Lord promises to open springs and plant plants in the desert – cedar, myrtle, olive, cypress, sycamore…. Now the Crimean landscapes cannot be imagined without these dark green candles. It is hard to believe that they were created not by nature, but by people - the ancient Greeks brought them out of the local wild form with horizontal branches. Most likely, the authors of the Bible meant it.
Alley of old cypresses in Simeiz
In the Crimea, the pyramidal cypress was settled twice. First, he arrived here with Greek settlers in the 1st millennium BC, and when they practically left the peninsula, the cypresses gradually disappeared too - the old ones died over time, no one was engaged in breeding new ones. After the annexation of Crimea to Russia in the 18th century, this volatile plant was brought back.
Judas tree(Purple or Cercis European, Judaic tree). Once upon a time it was brought to the Crimea as an ornamental culture, but it grows wild and now often grows on its own, especially in Sevastopol and its environs. Its main feature is that flowers bloom not only at the ends of the branches, but also right on the trunks.
Flowers on the trunk of a Judas tree
There are two versions of the appearance of this name. According to the first, it was on its branches that Judas Iscariot strangled himself, according to the other, the birthplace of this plant is Judea, and it is named after him.
Crimson blooms - Judaic tree
By the way, there are many versions of what Judas hanged himself on. These are aspen, because of which its foliage still trembles with horror, birch, whose trunk has turned white with fear, alder, the wood of which, allegedly since then, has acquired a reddish color, elderberry, mountain ash, etc. In general, almost every nation has its own version.
Adam's apple(Maclura orange or apple-bearing, false orange, inedible, Indian or Chinese orange, mulberry dye). This plant was brought to Europe from North America as an ornamental culture. First of all, its inedible, but unusual fruits, resembling tennis balls, attract attention. They are also green, have an uneven surface and can reach 15 cm in diameter, but usually about 10 cm.
Maclura on a branch
You can admire them in any Crimean market. Although the Crimeans themselves do not use this plant in any way, they are happy to sell its fruits to gullible tourists as a panacea for all diseases. According to legend, it was this inedible and even poisonous fruit, and not a tasty apple, that convinced Adam and Eve to try the cunning Serpent. According to another version, God in anger turned the fruits of the Tree of Knowledge into these inedible balls.
Pomegranate(Pomegranate, Pomegranate tree). Everyone tried the fruits of this tree, but few northerners saw how it grows (except on window sills, decorative varieties). Crimea provides such an opportunity, although even here it is a little cold, so the easiest way to see this exotic is in the Nikitsky Botanical Garden, which is located on the South Bank, in a place with the mildest climate.
Ripe pomegranates in the Nikitsky Botanical Garden
In the Bible, the pomegranate, or rather its fruit - the pomegranate apple, is mentioned several times. Including there is a version that Eve, seduced by the Serpent, treated Adam with a pomegranate apple, and not a nasty maclura.
There are a lot of mistletoe in Crimea. In summer, it is almost invisible, but in winter, its balls, dressing trees in green, which have long shed their own foliage, are visible from afar.
Almost every corner of our planet is inhabited by animals that are on the verge of extinction. Crimea was no exception, they also live there rare representatives animal world.
Limiting factors
First of all, the diversity, as well as the uniqueness of the fauna and flora of the peninsula is determined by geographic location. A small area, about 27,000 km², is divided by three climatic zones: a mountain belt and subtropics on the southern coast, as well as a temperate continental steppe climate. These territories belong to the Black Sea basin and are located at the intersection of migration routes of fauna representatives. Another interesting fact is that there are fifty salt lakes and two hundred and fifty seven rivers in this area. Experts have noticed that due to the significant rate of genetic erosion in recent decades burned some plant species.
Red Book
The peninsula is home to a huge number of exceptional animals that are on the verge of extinction. It was decided to create a document about such inhabitants.
The Red Book uses an eight-point scale to determine the degree of rarity. The animals of Crimea in the Red Book of Russia are the tricolor and pointed-eared bat, the common long-winged bat, the small and large horseshoe bat, the black-headed gull, the large curlew.
Fauna on the peninsula
It is known from history that ostriches and giraffes used to live on the peninsula, and due to climate change, people noticed arctic foxes and reindeer. In addition to animals, about two hundred species of fish live in the waters of Crimea. Of these, in fresh lakes and rivers, there are forty-six, fourteen of which are natives. The rest were brought to the peninsula and adapted well there.
In Crimea, there are fourteen species of reptiles, and only one poisonous one is the steppe viper, as well as six species of lizards. Among the turtles, only the marsh turtle lives, which can be found in mountain reservoirs. About two hundred species of birds live here, living mainly in mountainous areas. Of these, seventeen species arrive for the winter. There are more than sixty species of mammals, they live in mountainous areas, as well as in nature reserves. Foxes, badgers, martens are found on the peninsula, and predatory animals can also be found here. Hares and ferrets are found in forests and steppes. Wolves lived here, but at the beginning of the twentieth century, their populations completely died out. Monk seals and three species of dolphins live in the waters.
Rare animals of the Crimea, listed in the Red Book
Among the rare mammals, one can single out the steppe polecat and the common shrew, their number is declining at a rapid pace. And also wild rams - mouflons are protected. This is the only herd in the whole Eastern Europe. The lizard of the spindle family, or it is also called the yellow-bellied, belongs to a protected species that is on the verge of extinction. The lizard has a large head and large eyelids. The yellowbell has a sandy yellow coloration with a dark pattern on the upper body. Rare animals of the Red Book of Crimea: Mediterranean gecko, golden eagle, pygmy bat, white-bellied monk seal.
Sea dwellers
Crimean bottlenose dolphins are also protected. They are able to reach speeds of up to forty km / h and emerge from under the water to a height of five meters. The white-bellied seal or monk seal is on the verge of extinction, there are only 600 representatives of this species left on our planet. For the desire for solitude, as well as short hair, they were called monks. These rare animals of the Crimea, listed in the Red Book, are rather awkward on land, but they feel great in the water. In search of food, seals can swim far from the coast and dive to a depth of five hundred meters. Animals reach a length of about two meters and weigh about three hundred kilograms. Males tend to be covered in thick black fur, while females are noticeably lighter in color. Because of the light lower part of the body, the seal received another name - white-bellied.
Steppe and mountain fox
AT Crimean mountains you can meet mountain foxes, and in the steppes - their steppe subspecies. They feed mainly on hamsters, ground squirrels, mice, and in rare cases even wild rabbits.
In times of famine, foxes eat lizards, insects, and frogs. Due to the fact that these animals of the Red Book of Crimea are susceptible to rabies, tourists should be careful. Previously, they were vaccinated, but now this does not happen. There are no frequent encounters with these animals, because they are very cautious and shy.
weasel
At first glance, it may seem that this is a very small and peaceful animal, but even wolves cannot be compared with the bloodthirstiness of affection. However, she is often tamed and becomes quite a gentle pet.
Weasel will quickly make friends with other household inhabitants. In the house in which this animal lives, insects and rodents will never appear. However, in captivity, weasels barely live past the age of five.
Belodushka
This is the name of the stone marten, whose chest and throat are covered with wool. white color. Belodushka is a very mobile and voracious predator. However, the stone marten can eat vegetarian food. In summer and autumn season belodushki - animals listed in the Red Book, in the Crimea eat pears, grapes, hawthorn. When it enters the chicken coop, it will quickly strangle all the chickens.
Badger
Peaceful representative of the animal world of Crimea of the Mustelidae family. The badger's brothers are sables and otters. These animals are very brave and energetic representatives of the fauna. Their burrows are similar to caves, consisting of several floors, and can reach twenty meters in length. Each floor has its own purpose.
This is a fairly clean animal, so the house is cleaned daily. The floor in the burrows is dotted with fragrant grass, which is changed twice a year. The expansion and improvement of the hole is constantly taking place. After a certain amount of time, the holes turn into whole badger underground cities. These animals, listed in the Red Book, in the Crimea feed mainly on mushrooms, wild berries, acorns, as well as gophers, snails and mice. In addition, badgers love honey. These are peaceful animals, but when it comes to their brethren or their homes, they stand to the end.
mouflon
This is a wild animal related to artiodactyls, a genus of rams. Mouflons live on wooded mountain slopes, and in winter period descend a little lower. Males weigh about 50 kg, and females - 35 kg. Males have horns. Mouflons are very cautious animals and try to live away from people.
A wild boar
These animals lived in the Crimea since ancient times, but in the nineteenth century they were completely destroyed. Starting from 1957, one wild boar and thirty-four females from Primorsky Krai were brought from the Chernihiv region. Subsequently, the number of individuals increased significantly.
Boar - an animal of the Red Book of Crimea, whose photo can be seen in the article, feeds on various roots, mushrooms, nuts or acorns. In rare cases, they can feed on insects, bird eggs and rodents.
Crimean red deer
The deer is the largest animal on the peninsula. Its weight can reach 260 kg, and they grow up to 140 cm in height. Basically, the life expectancy of the Crimean deer is 60-70 years. Horns are considered their main weapon. In Crimea, only hunters are considered enemies of deer. Thus, they use their horns during fights for the female, which usually take place in September.
At the beginning of the twentieth century, deer - animals listed in the Red Book, almost completely disappeared in the Crimea. Starting in 1923, a ban on shooting deer came into effect. And already in 1943 the number of individuals increased to two thousand.
Roe
There was a time when these animals lived in the steppes of the Crimea. Now roe deer live on the slopes of the Main mountain range, in addition, they can be found in the forests. When meeting with people, the animal freezes for a few seconds, then, discovering that it has been noticed, it hides in the forest thickets with great speed. Roe deer are like deer. These animals, listed in the Red Book, feed on tree buds, bark, herbaceous plants. Males have horns, which they shed at the beginning of the autumn period. In the spring, the antlers grow back. Foxes and martens are considered enemies of roe deer. Animals have excellent hearing. As soon as they feel danger, they immediately warn their fellows. Their cry is carried at a distance of three kilometers.
What animals are listed in the Red Book of Crimea?
- The common shrew is considered one of the the rarest species mammals. Mostly lives in the mountain-forest part of the Crimea.
- The steppe ferret is a representative of predators. These animals feed on small-sized vertebrates, as well as mouse-like rodents.
- The leather-like bat leads mainly sedentary life. Feeds on small insects.
- The common badger is active at dusk and at night. The length of the body is from 60 to 90 cm, the tail is 20 cm long. The head is small, powerful claws on the paws.
- The small gopher lives in burrows that reach almost two meters in depth, and their length is more than four meters. Distributed in sagebrush and forb-feather grass steppes.
Animals of the Crimea, listed in the Red Book of Russia, are the giant vespers, the gray shrike, the eagle owl, the lesser tern, the greave, the steppe tirkushka.
Birds
The gray crane is under the protection of the law, hunting for it is prohibited everywhere. On the peninsula, the animal lives exclusively in swampy meadows and reed beds. The pink starling is also included in the Red Book. He lives on Mount Opuk. Red-headed kinglet, common in the mountainous regions of the Crimea. The eagle owl is a rare bird in the Crimea. It is active, as a rule, at night, preys on small animals and vertebrates.
The Crimean peninsula is a small universe, which combines a diverse climate, unique nature and diverse flora and fauna.
The Red Book lists animals that need protection, as well as endangered species. The first edition was published in 2015. The first volume describes the animal world. Here are some names of animals listed in the Red Book of Crimea: steppe polecat, common shrew, common badger, leather-like bat, small gopher. The second volume is devoted to plants, fungi and algae. In total, four hundred and five species of plants and fungi are included, as well as three hundred and seventy species of animals. The Red Book is considered official document, containing information about wild animals, plants and fungi that permanently or temporarily reside (grow) on the territory of the Crimean peninsula.
- Jump: Crimea guide
Rich and varied vegetable world of Crimea, and the list of wild plants of the peninsula includes more than 2500 species. Interestingly, about 90% of all plant species are found in the Crimean mountains. In addition, about 1500 plant species are acclimatized in the Crimea.
The "Red Book" includes 47 species of plants growing on the peninsula. In itself, the abundance of endangered species is evidence of the threatening situation in which they found themselves as a result of the excessive recreational load on the Crimean nature.
A feature of the Crimean landscapes is that here typical Central European plants coexist with Mediterraneans and people from Western Asia. On the peninsula, some relic plants of the pre-glacial period have been preserved, such as small-fruited strawberry, high juniper, orchid Comperia Compera). In Crimea, 142 plant species are endemic, i.e. they are nowhere but Crimean peninsula do not meet.
Butcher's broom - this exotic Mediterranean plant exists on a narrow strip of the South Coast, and here its range is very small. It has hard dark green leaves and red berries that can be seen even in winter. And the fact that the butcher's needle is very similar to leaves is a special flat twig. Real leaves are located in the center of these plates and are almost invisible. Its name is the needle, it received for its pricklyness. Therefore, the solid "pillows" of the needle, which can sometimes be found under the trees, resemble a special kind of wire, on which someone specially strung orange and red berry balls.
Beech forests are the darkest and most mysterious. Only very shade-loving plants grow under the canopy of the beech forest, as a weak green light breaks through the dense canopy of leaves: the beech leaves create an almost impenetrable "roof". In the beech forest, lush ferns make their way here and there, reminiscent of a prehistoric forest of the Carboniferous period with its ferns, horsetails and club mosses ... And in places where it is crystal pure water beats among the boulders right from the ground, you can find an unnaturally bright green carpet of moss saturated with moisture.
The trunk of Strawberry seems to be dressed in suede instead of bark. Small-fruited strawberry, or it is also called a coral tree, is the only evergreen deciduous tree in the flora of Crimea. The leathery leaves of the strawberry can withstand even the snow that falls on the South Shore. Young strawberry trees are hardly noticeable, but in the Crimea there are giant strawberries that are more than one hundred years old.
In the dilapidated stone walls of Chersonese, strange bouquets of berries sometimes come across, growing directly from the walls, sometimes resembling a very beautiful beard of a forester ... This is ephedra, which is so unlike any other plant that it is the only one in our flora that forms a separate family of Ephedra. Ephedra has no leaves, only twigs that resemble a beard.
There are 47 orchid species in Crimea, about 20 of which are found in Laspi Bay. Crimean orchids gems: small, but they don’t have a price, and the rarest of them is Comper’s comperia. Once a lover of botany, the Frenchman Comper, who had an estate in Laspi, discovered this species. Comperia flowers are pinkish-brown, and each flower seems to thin out, ending in thin threads. This flower, except for the Crimea, is found only in some regions of Asia Minor. Other Crimean orchids interesting names: orchis, lyubka, dremlik; ophris, whose flowers look like bumblebees.
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