Modern weapons of Russia. In Russia, tests of the first shock UAV UAV breakthrough began

Even 20 years ago, Russia was one of the world leaders in the development of unmanned aerial vehicles. In the 80s of the last century, only 950 Tu-143 air reconnaissance aircraft were produced. The famous reusable spaceship"Buran", which made its first and only flight in a completely unmanned mode. I don’t see the point and now somehow give in to the development and use of drones.

Background of Russian drones (Tu-141, Tu-143, Tu-243). In the mid-sixties, the Tupolev Design Bureau began to create new tactical and operational unmanned reconnaissance systems. On August 30, 1968, the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR N 670-241 was issued to develop a new unmanned complex tactical reconnaissance "Flight" (VR-3) and the unmanned reconnaissance aircraft "143" (Tu-143) included in it. The deadline for presenting the complex for testing in the Decree was stipulated: for the variant with photo reconnaissance equipment - 1970, for the variant with television intelligence equipment and for the variant with radiation reconnaissance equipment - 1972.

The reconnaissance UAV Tu-143 was mass-produced in two configurations of the nasal interchangeable part: in the photo reconnaissance version with information registration on board, in the television reconnaissance version with information transmitted via radio to ground command posts. In addition, the reconnaissance aircraft could be equipped with radiation reconnaissance equipment with the transmission of materials on the radiation situation along the flight route to the ground via a radio channel. UAV Tu-143 presented at the exhibition of samples aviation technology at the Central Aerodrome in Moscow and at the Museum in Monino (you can also see the Tu-141 UAV there).

As part of the aerospace show in Zhukovsky MAKS-2007 near Moscow, in the closed part of the exposition, the MiG aircraft corporation showed its attack unmanned complex Skat - an aircraft made according to the "flying wing" scheme and outwardly very reminiscent of the American B-2 Spirit bomber or its a smaller version is the Kh-47V marine unmanned aerial vehicle.

"Skat" is designed to strike both at previously reconnoitered stationary targets, primarily air defense systems, in the face of strong opposition from enemy anti-aircraft weapons, and at mobile ground and sea targets when conducting autonomous and group actions, joint with manned aircraft.

Its maximum takeoff weight should be 10 tons. Flight range - 4 thousand kilometers. The flight speed near the ground is not less than 800 km / h. It will be able to carry two air-to-surface / air-to-radar missiles or two adjustable bombs with a total mass of not more than 1 ton.

The aircraft is made according to the scheme of the flying wing. In addition, the well-known methods of reducing radar visibility were clearly visible in the appearance of the structure. So, the wingtips are parallel to its leading edge and the contours of the rear of the apparatus are made in the same way. Above the middle part of the wing, the Skat had a fuselage of a characteristic shape, smoothly mated with the bearing surfaces. Vertical plumage was not provided. As can be seen from the photographs of the Skat layout, control was to be carried out using four elevons located on the consoles and on the center section. At the same time, yaw control immediately raised certain questions: due to the lack of a rudder and a single-engine scheme, the UAV required to somehow solve this problem. There is a version about a single deviation of the internal elevons for yaw control.

The layout presented at the MAKS-2007 exhibition had the following dimensions: a wingspan of 11.5 meters, a length of 10.25 and a parking height of 2.7 m. Regarding the mass of the Skat, it is only known that its maximum takeoff weight should have been approximately equal to ten tons. With these parameters, the Skat had good calculated flight data. At top speed up to 800 km / h, it could rise to a height of up to 12 thousand meters and overcome in flight up to 4000 kilometers. It was planned to provide such flight data with the help of a bypass turbojet engine RD-5000B with a thrust of 5040 kgf. This turbojet engine was created on the basis of the RD-93 engine, however, it is initially equipped with a special flat nozzle that reduces visibility aircraft in the infrared range. The engine air intake was located in the forward fuselage and was an unregulated intake device.

Inside the fuselage of the characteristic shape, the Skat had two cargo compartments measuring 4.4x0.75x0.65 meters. With such dimensions, it was possible to hang guided missiles in the cargo compartments various types, as well as adjustable bombs. The total mass of the Skat combat load was supposed to be approximately equal to two tons. During the presentation at the MAKS-2007 Salon, Kh-31 missiles and KAB-500 guided bombs were located next to Skat. The composition of the onboard equipment, implied by the project, was not disclosed. Based on information about other projects of this class, we can conclude that there is a complex of navigation and sighting equipment, as well as some possibilities for autonomous actions.

UAV "Dozor-600" (development of the designers of the company "Transas"), also known as "Dozor-3", is much lighter than "Skat" or "Breakthrough". Its maximum takeoff weight does not exceed 710-720 kilograms. At the same time, due to the classic aerodynamic layout with a full-fledged fuselage and a straight wing, it has approximately the same dimensions as the Skat: a wingspan of twelve meters and a total length of seven. In the bow of the Dozor-600, a place is provided for target equipment, and a stabilized platform for observation equipment is installed in the middle. A propeller group is located in the tail section of the drone. Its basis is the Rotax 914 piston engine, similar to those installed on the Israeli IAI Heron UAV and the American MQ-1B Predator.

115 horsepower of the engine allows the Dozor-600 drone to accelerate to a speed of about 210-215 km / h or make long flights at a cruising speed of 120-150 km / h. When using additional fuel tanks, this UAV is able to stay in the air for up to 24 hours. Thus, the practical flight range is approaching the mark of 3700 kilometers.

Based on the characteristics of the Dozor-600 UAV, we can draw conclusions about its purpose. The relatively low takeoff weight does not allow it to carry any serious weapons, which limits the range of tasks to be solved exclusively by reconnaissance. Nevertheless, a number of sources mention the possibility of installing various weapons on the Dozor-600, the total mass of which does not exceed 120-150 kilograms. Because of this, the range of weapons allowed for use is limited to only certain types of guided missiles, in particular anti-tank ones. It is noteworthy that when using anti-tank guided missiles, the Dozor-600 becomes largely similar to the American MQ-1B Predator, as technical specifications, as well as the composition of weapons.

The project of a heavy strike unmanned aerial vehicle. The development of the research topic "Hunter" to study the possibility of creating a strike UAV weighing up to 20 tons in the interests of the Russian Air Force was or is being conducted by the Sukhoi company (JSC Sukhoi Design Bureau). For the first time, the plans of the Ministry of Defense to adopt an attack UAV were announced at the MAKS-2009 air show in August 2009. According to Mikhail Pogosyan, in August 2009, the design of a new attack unmanned system was joint work relevant units of the Sukhoi Design Bureau and MiG (project "Skat"). The media reported on the conclusion of a contract for the implementation of research "Okhotnik" with the company "Sukhoi" July 12, 2011. "and" Sukhoi "was signed only on October 25, 2012.

The terms of reference for the strike UAV was approved by the Russian Ministry of Defense in the first days of April 2012. On July 6, 2012, information appeared in the media that the Sukhoi company had been selected by the Russian Air Force as the lead developer. An unnamed source in the industry also reports that the strike UAV developed by Sukhoi will simultaneously be a sixth-generation fighter. As of mid-2012, it is assumed that the first sample of the strike UAV will begin testing no earlier than 2016. It is expected to enter service by 2020. In the future, it was planned to create navigation systems for landing approach and taxiing of heavy UAVs on the instructions of JSC Sukhoi Company (source).

Media reports that the first sample of the heavy attack UAV of the Sukhoi Design Bureau will be ready in 2018.

Combat use (otherwise they will say exhibition copies, Soviet junk)

“For the first time in the world, the Russian Armed Forces carried out an attack on a fortified militant area with combat drones. In the province of Latakia, army units Syrian army, with the support of Russian paratroopers and Russian combat drones, took the strategic height 754.5, the Syriatel tower.

Most recently, the Chief of the General Staff of the RF Armed Forces, General Gerasimov, said that Russia is striving to completely robotize the battle, and perhaps in the near future we will witness how robotic groups independently conduct military operations, and this is what happened.

In Russia in 2013 adopted Airborne newest automated control system "Andromeda-D", with the help of which it is possible to carry out operational control of a mixed group of troops.
The use of the latest high-tech equipment allows the command to ensure continuous control of troops performing combat training tasks at unfamiliar training grounds, and the command of the Airborne Forces to monitor their actions, being at a distance of more than 5 thousand kilometers from their deployment sites, receiving from the exercise area not only a graphic picture of moving units, but also a video image of their actions in real time.

The complex, depending on the tasks, can be mounted on the chassis of a two-axle KamAZ, BTR-D, BMD-2 or BMD-4. In addition, taking into account the specifics of the Airborne Forces, Andromeda-D is adapted for loading into an aircraft, flight and landing.
This system, as well as combat drones, were deployed to Syria and tested in combat conditions.
Six Platform-M robotic complexes and four Argo complexes participated in the attack on the heights, the drone attack was supported by self-propelled vehicles recently transferred to Syria artillery mounts(ACS) "Acacia", which can destroy enemy positions with mounted fire.

From the air, behind the battlefield, drones conducted reconnaissance, transmitting information to the deployed Andromeda-D field center, as well as to Moscow, to the National Defense Control Center of the command post of the Russian General Staff.

Combat robots, self-propelled guns, drones were tied to automated system control "Andromeda-D". The commander of the attack on the heights, in real time, led the battle, the operators of combat drones, being in Moscow, conducted the attack, everyone saw both their own area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe battle and the whole picture.

Drones were the first to attack, approaching 100-120 meters to the fortifications of the militants, they called fire on themselves, and self-propelled guns immediately attacked the detected firing points.

Behind the drones, at a distance of 150-200 meters, the Syrian infantry advanced, clearing the height.

The militants did not have the slightest chance, all their movements were controlled by drones, artillery strikes were carried out on the detected militants, literally 20 minutes after the start of the attack by combat drones, the militants fled in horror, leaving the dead and wounded. On the slopes of a height of 754.5, almost 70 militants were killed, the Syrian soldiers had no dead, only 4 wounded.

After irradiation, the strength of the products increases, as well as the heat resistance increases, they become suitable for use at temperatures reaching 200 degrees Celsius. With the help of ILU-8, specialists of the Design Bureau of KP plan to organize mass production of new types of wires for the military industry.

OKB KP specialists will use the ILU-8 accelerator for mass production of a new type of wire with fluoroplastic composites. Fluoroplastic two-layer insulation has a number of advantages. This is a lot of material, and the wires covered with it can be easily pulled through narrow channels inside aircraft or other equipment where space saving is important. Such a wire is heat resistant and can withstand temperatures up to 200 degrees Celsius.

Employees of the OKB KP have already begun processing wires of various thicknesses at ILU-8. Laboratory analysis irradiated samples indicates that they meet the requirements.

The ILU-8 accelerator is an example of import substitution in high-tech production, since it is a cost-effective, high-quality equipment, in favor of which large state and commercial enterprises choose, refusing foreign analogues because of the high cost and complexity of maintenance.

ILU-8 is the most compact accelerator of the ILU family, its height with radiation protection is 3 meters, width and length are 2.5 meters each, weight with radiation protection is 76 tons. The advantage of this accelerator is that it does not need to build a separate bunker, the protection is a box of thick steel plates. The installation can be placed directly in the customer's workshop, and next to it to install all necessary equipment. This factor significantly reduces the cost of production.

Irkut Corporation has begun testing an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) as part of the Proryv (Proryv) development work (formerly known as the Yak-133 project).

The device is able to conduct reconnaissance and, if necessary, destroy enemy targets, while remaining invisible to its radars. The novelty is built according to the original aerodynamic scheme and looks very different from traditional aircraft.

In the future, the latest drone will be equipped not only with air-to-ground guided missiles and bombs, but also with optoelectronic systems, electronic intelligence systems and even a radar.

As the interlocutor of Izvestia in the aircraft industry noted, the aerodynamic design of the latest drone (a combination of the geometric and structural design of the aircraft) is very complex, containing many unique technical solutions that have not previously been used in any of the serial aircraft.

“At the design stage, there were discussions between representatives of the Zhukovsky Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute (TsAGI), Irkut and the Yakovlev Design Bureau, during which opinions were expressed that an apparatus of this form would not be able to fly at all,” one of the project participants told Izvestia.

“Doubts were dispelled only after the first test flight took place in August. Everything went great, congratulations to the designers.”

The composition of the armament of the drone has not yet been fully determined, but it is already known that the UAV will destroy stationary targets with bombs with laser and optical homing heads, as well as those corrected by the GLONASS signal.

“The unique aerodynamic design of the drone makes it possible to make the UAV invisible to enemy radars even at the moment when it is using weapons or conducting reconnaissance, but also quite maneuverable and fast,” said the aircraft manufacturer. - In order for the latest drone with the selected aerodynamic design to be able to fly, I had to do a lot hard work for the integration of UAVs, in which, in particular, specialists from Roskosmos were involved.

The term "integration" means the reduction of the operation of all systems and subsystems installed on board the aircraft into a single complex. According to the interlocutor of Izvestia, using modern technologies, you can make even a stool fly and perform maneuvers, but the problem remains how to control such a product.

“All systems of the aircraft must act as a complex, as a single organism. If the pilot, for example, starts to perform a maneuver, then all on-board systems - navigation, engine control, etc. - taking into account the design of the aircraft and its characteristics - optimize their work so as to perform the specified maneuver without disruption, - explained the representative of the aircraft building industries.

In modern aircraft, there are several thousand different systems and subsystems that control and manage hundreds of flight parameters, and the pilot cannot independently monitor the operation of each. Therefore, modern aircraft are equipped with information and control systems (ICS), which make the aircraft work as a whole.”

The most main part complexing - prescribe algorithms and mathematical formulas, defining the logic and parameters of operation of all systems of the aircraft, which, having turned into special program, and are stored in the IMS of the aircraft.

“Unmanned technologies in Russia are now developing very actively both in the state industry and in the private segment,” says Sergey Zhukov, head of the AeroNet direction of the National Technology Initiative.

If we talk about gliders, then we are now approximately at the level of world standards in terms of small UAVs and have a non-critical - less than three years - lag in terms of ultralight composite structures for UAVs large sizes. If we talk about navigation and control systems, then our developments are not inferior foreign analogues, but the downside is that they are still made on a foreign element base.

By power plants we are somewhat lagging behind, but I can state that we are currently developing in the field of localization of the production of piston and turbojet engines so this niche domestic industry closes at a rapid pace.

For processing monitoring data, we create our own problem-oriented products and are already bringing them to the world market. And in terms of integration into the common airspace, we may even be ahead of the world level by 1-2 years.”

The Yak-133BR is an unmanned reconnaissance aircraft based on the developments of the Yak-130 combat training aircraft. OKB im. Yakovlev considered a number of interspecies promising unmanned multifunctional aviation complexes. The development of the Raven and Klest UAVs was carried out in the usual way, but in the construction of more expensive and complex UAVs of the Breakthrough family, it was planned to use an unconventional scheme. An important point is that the drone project was based on the scientific and technical groundwork, which was obtained in the process of developing the UBS Yak-130.

Most of the elements of the control system and avionics of the aircraft were transferred to the drone. This made it possible to carry out the development of an aviation unmanned complex at a lower cost than during traditional design, and the production time and technical risks are also reduced.

The UAV of the Proryv family Yak-133BR has 3 modifications: a reconnaissance radar patrol and an attack aircraft, in which there is a large number of interchangeable systems and units.

Drones are capable of performing almost all tasks with respect to aerial reconnaissance and conduct special operations. According to the concept of creating the Yak-133BR model, the new unmanned vehicle will have much in common with the Yak-130 trainer, which is now at the final stage of flight tests.

These 3 unmanned aerial vehicles are structurally and ideologically connected with each other. In order to successfully implement programs for the development of aircraft complexes with UAVs, it is necessary to invent a mechanism for organizing production process at all its levels up to the target orientation of devices.

As practice shows, the championship in the creation of UAVs in Russia is given to aircraft design bureaus, because these design bureaus have vast experience in creating aircraft using complex technical units and systems.

Yakovlev Yak-133BR characteristics:

Irkut Corporation has begun testing an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) as part of the Proryv (Proryv) development work (formerly known as the Yak-133 project). The device is capable of reconnaissance and, if necessary, destroy enemy targets, while remaining invisible to its radar, Izvestia reports. The novelty is built according to the original aerodynamic scheme and looks very different from traditional aircraft.

In the future, the latest drone will be equipped not only with air-to-ground guided missiles and bombs, but also with optoelectronic systems, electronic intelligence systems and even a radar.

The aerodynamic scheme of the latest drone (a combination of the geometric and structural scheme of the aircraft) is very complex, containing many unique technical solutions that have not previously been used in any of the serial aircraft. On the official website of the OKB im. Yakovlev, there is a mention that this UAV was developed on the basis of the Yak-130 UBS with the processing of the original project by 60%.

At the design stage, there were discussions between representatives of the Zhukovsky Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute (TsAGI), Irkut and Yakovlev Design Bureau, during which opinions were expressed that an apparatus of this form would not be able to fly at all, - said one of the project participants. - Doubts were dispelled only after the first test flight took place in August. Everything went well, congratulations to the designers.

The composition of the armament of the drone has not yet been fully determined, but it is already known that the stationary targets of the UAV will be destroyed by bombs with laser and optical homing heads, as well as those adjusted by the GLONASS signal.

The unique aerodynamic scheme of the drone makes it possible to make the UAV invisible to enemy radars even at the moment when it uses weapons or conducts reconnaissance, but also quite maneuverable and fast, - said the aircraft manufacturer. - In order for the latest drone with the selected aerodynamic configuration to be able to fly, it was necessary to do a very difficult job of integrating the UAV, which, in particular, involved specialists from Roscosmos.

The term "integration" means the reduction of the operation of all systems and subsystems installed on board the aircraft into a single complex. According to the expert, using modern technologies, even a stool can be made to fly and perform maneuvers, but the problem remains how to control such a product.

All aircraft systems must act as a complex, as a single organism. If the pilot, for example, begins to perform a maneuver, then all onboard systems - navigation, engine control, etc. - taking into account the design of the aircraft and its characteristics, they optimize their work so that they can perform the given maneuver without disruption, - the representative of the aircraft industry explained. - In modern aircraft, there are several thousand different systems and subsystems that control and manage hundreds of flight parameters, and the pilot cannot independently monitor the operation of each. Therefore, modern aircraft are equipped with information and control systems (ICS), which make the aircraft work as a complex.

The most important part of integration is to prescribe algorithms and mathematical formulas that define the logic and operation parameters of all systems of the aircraft, which, having turned into a special program, are embedded in the IMS of the aircraft.

Unmanned technologies in Russia are now developing very actively both in the state industry and in the private segment, - says Sergey Zhukov, head of the AeroNet direction of the National Technology Initiative. - If we talk about gliders, then we are now approximately at the level of world standards in terms of small UAVs and have a non-critical - less than three years - lag in terms of ultra-light composite structures for large UAVs. If we talk about navigation and control systems, then our developments are not inferior to foreign analogues, but the minus is that they are still made on a foreign element base. In terms of power plants, we are somewhat behind, but I can state that we are currently developing in the field of localizing the production of piston and turbojet engines, so that the domestic industry is closing this niche at an accelerated pace. For processing monitoring data, we create our own problem-oriented products and are already bringing them to the world market. And in terms of integration into the common airspace, we may even be ahead of the world level by 1-2 years.