When and why you need a barometer. How to use it at home
Barometers can be aneroid and mercury. The word "aneroid" means "liquidless". The principle of operation of such a barometer is quite simple: changes in atmospheric pressure lead to a change in the geometric dimensions of the aneroid, as a result, the arrow on the scale moves. Such barometers do not contain hazardous elements, therefore they are suitable for use in, on a hiking trip.
In addition to aneroid, there are also devices in which mercury is used to measure atmospheric pressure. Under the action of atmospheric pressure, the height of the mercury column changes. The readings of these barometers are more accurate; these are the instruments used at meteorological stations. Mercury and its vapors are dangerous to humans, therefore, such devices are not used in conditions.
On sale you can find electronic barometers, as a rule, they are part of home weather stations. Such complex instruments also measure a number of other quantities (for example, air temperature and humidity) and make it possible to fairly accurately predict the weather for the near future. Digital devices are less sensitive to shaking, so they are good for sea travel.
Using the barometer
An aneroid barometer is easy to use. You need to look at what value the arrow of the device points to. There are zones on the barometer scale, which are designated as “dry”, “clear”, “variable”, “rain”, “storm”, as well as divisions indicating absolute values. If the pressure decreases, precipitation is expected, if it rises, it will be clear. As a rule, the barometer has two arrows - one is movable, it is connected to the aneroid box, and the second can be rotated. If it is combined with an arrow showing the value of atmospheric pressure, after a while you can observe in which direction the movable arrow will deviate.
Normal atmospheric pressure is 760 mm Hg. Art. at an air temperature of 15°C at the so-called sea level. Home barometers can measure its value in the range of 700-800 mm Hg. Art. at an altitude of no more than 300 m above sea level. A drop in pressure means worsening weather conditions, approaching rains or snowfalls. Low pressure areas are called cyclones. Anticyclones are areas of high pressure, their approach means the onset of good weather. The barometer is adjusted if its readings differ from the readings of the local weather station by more than 8 mm Hg. Art. For these purposes, an adjustment screw is provided, located in the rear of the case. When setting up, you need to rotate it at an angle of no more than 45 degrees.
The invention of the barometer is universally credited to Evangelisto Torricelli in 1643. However, historical documents say that the first water barometer was unknowingly built by the Italian mathematician and astronomer Gasparo Berti between 1640 and 1643.
Gasparo Berti's experiment
Gasparo Berti (circa 1600 - 1643) was most likely born in Mantua. He spent most of his life in Rome. He became famous for the experiment in which he, without knowing it, built the first working barometer. He also has works in mathematics and physics.
In 1630, Giovani Battista Baliani sent a letter to Galileo Galilei saying that his siphon-type pump could not lift water more than 10 meters (34 feet). In response, Galileo suggested that vacuum raises water, and the vacuum force cannot hold it. more water like a rope can't stand too big weight. According to the ideas prevailing then, a vacuum could not exist.
Galileo's ideas soon reached Rome. Gasparo Berti and Rafael Maggiotti developed an experiment to test the existence of a vacuum. Bertie built an 11-meter pipe, filled it with water and sealed it on both sides. Then one end was immersed in a container of water and opened. Part of the water flowed out, but about ten meters of the pipe remained filled, as Baliani had predicted.
The space above the water had to look for explanations. Explanations within the framework of the prevailing theory that rejects the vacuum, there were as many as two. According to the first, water gives birth to "spirits". "Spirits" fill space and displace water. According to the second, more common argument proposed by Descartes, the space above water is filled with ether. Ether is such a thin substance that it can penetrate through the pores in a pipe and displace water.
Explanation of Evangelisto Torricelli
Evangelisto Torricelli, a student and friend of Galileo, dared to look at the problem from a different angle. He suggested that air has weight, and that it holds the water in the pipe at a level of about ten meters. Previously, it was believed that air is weightless and its thickness does not exert any pressure. Even Galileo accepted this statement as an infallible truth.
If the assumption about the weight of air is correct, a liquid heavier than water should sink lower in the pipe than water. Torricelli shared this prediction with his close friend Vincenzo Viviani and suggested using it as a
In the seventeenth century, mankind became aware and proved the fact that air has a certain weight. The assumption of its pressure on various objects was proved with the help of a special device - a barometer. It will be discussed in this article.
A device that measures air pressure
Let's start with a definition. A barometer is a device for measuring a certain amount of air pressure on objects. E. Torricelli became its inventor. In 1644, the barometer was a tube filled with mercury and a measuring scale. On the day when the barometer was tested, the level of mercury was at around 760 mm, which was the reason to consider the mark at this level as normal pressure. Such devices are still used by meteorological stations.
Two centuries after the invention of the mercury barometer, as a result of many studies, a fundamentally new liquidless type was designed by Lucien Vidi. Subsequently called the aneroid barometer. Throughout the existence of aneroids have gained great popularity among many users, because they are small in size, light and accurate. Compared to mercury barometers, aneroids are completely safe to use.
Types of barometers
Mercury - a device that measures pressure. The principle of operation is the movement of mercury relative to the applied scale.
Liquid - a device with which the level of pressure is measured by balancing the weight of a column of liquid with atmospheric pressure.
Aneroid barometer - the principle of operation and the display of indicators is based on a change in the size of a sealed metal box filled with rarefied air, under the influence of atmospheric pressure on its surface.
Electronic is a modern type of device that converts the linear indicators of a classic aneroid into an electronic signal. The signals processed by the microprocessor are displayed on the liquid crystal screen.
The aneroid barometer is the most common of the above instruments, due to its small size and lack of liquid in the mechanism. Let's consider it in more detail.
The structure of an atmospheric barometer
- Round silver-nickel plate.
- Box with ribbed bases.
- transmission mechanism.
- return spring.
- Pointing arrow.
Atmospheric barometer - principle of operation
When assembled, the aneroid is a box with various mechanisms. When a certain amount of air is pumped out of it, this creates a strong discharge of the return spring, the index arrow and the transmission mechanism between them. Under the action of pressure, the walls of the “pressure chamber” shrink or increase in size, and the pointer begins to move relative to the measuring scale in the direction of increasing or decreasing pressure, respectively. In a calm state, the arrow will be at around 760 mm.
Self-recording barometer
Used to record meteorological data regarding fluctuations in atmospheric pressure. In other words, this is an improved aneroid barometer, with the addition of a clock mechanism to the pressure chamber, an apparatus holding graduated paper and an arrow-drive that puts an ink line on the paper.
The displayed “drawing” on the instrument paper is called a barogram. During the operation of the barograph, in accordance with hourly indicators, the mechanism winds special paper on its base, on the surface of which an attached arrow with ink glides and marks the indicators of atmospheric pressure deviations.
Pressure discrepancies are recorded continuously. For meteorologists, this is the main documented fact of weather changes in the near future. Depending on the size of the drum, the duration of the recording can be from several hours to one week. The special design allows you to take readings and monitor atmospheric indicators at any time.
Barometer in the phone - what is it
Technology does not stand still, and now you can measure atmospheric pressure using a mobile device. Many users of modern gadgets, faced with a new feature, are wondering - a barometer in the phone, what is it? A modern miniature weather station allows the user of the phone to constantly check the in electronic format atmospheric pressure level. By tracking the pressure indicators for a certain time, you can find out whether a cyclone or anticyclone is approaching. These indicators will be useful for people with increased sensitivity to sudden changes in pressure.
The capabilities of the mobile device do not stop there. In electronic form, it shows the height, geographic width and longitude, which, in turn, contributes to the rapid search for the device and determining the exact location of its location. Thanks to GPS satellites, the process is fast and accurate. The mobile barometer is an accurate altimeter. The accuracy of determining the location of the user is reduced to a radius of 3 meters. It is these devices that climbers use in the mountains. But they gained great popularity in the aviation industry.
Barometer built into the watch
Appeared relatively recently. Few know what this device is for, and most are wondering - a barometer in a watch, what is it?
Let's try to figure it out. The barometer in certain types of watches is presented in electronic or mechanical. Electronic view - no different from supplying atmospheric pressure data and displaying them on the screen, like on a phone. The watch with mechanical pressure display is a perfectly accurate mini copy of the aneroid. The only difference is in the simplified scale for displaying readings. The cost of barometer watches is quite high, but, as a rule, they are shockproof and waterproof.
"Non-Standard Barometer"
Thanks to its founders, it is called Harvard. The economic barometer underlies the formation of econometrics. Predicts changes in market conditions, supply and demand dynamics, etc. The Harvard barometer is a description of empirical patterns and extrapolation beyond recent months observations. They are based on a study of the dynamics of development of various indicators of the economy.
The development forecast was displayed graphically. Each curved line plotted on the graph displayed one or another indicator. For example, curve "A" displayed changes in average exchange rates ( stock market); curve "B" displayed the wholesale price index and changes in turnover (production); curve "C" - displayed the growth or fall of the exchange rate valuable papers in the money market. In the ideal state of the graph, the indicators "A" and "C" should coincide at the level of the maximum of the first unit and the minimum of the curve of the second unit.
Thanks to the leadership of W. Persons and W. Mitchell, the United States used this kind of device until 1925. The Harvard Mitchell Barometer is the first powerful regulator and indicator of factors in the national economy of the country. Given the popularity and effectiveness of such construction and display of facts, this method has been adopted by many countries around the globe. But the prospect of development of many countries according to this ratio of indicators in the economy did not exist for a long time, because before and after the Second World War - in percentage terms, they became irrelevant. The economies of all the countries that took part in the war were in complete decline, and in order to solve the rise "from their knees", each country applied its own methods to stabilize its own monetary currency. The old methods of raising indicators (getting out of the crisis) were not used at all, but the foundations laid by Mitchell became a precedent for the world economy.
pressure gauge
It is worth noting another device that also measures pressure, but not air, but gases and liquids - this device is called a manometer. These two devices are very interconnected. The sum of the pressure gauge and barometer readings is the absolute pressure, which has a higher indicator than atmospheric pressure.
Conclusion
In the modern world, the barometer is one of the main instruments of meteorology. Marked indicators on paper help many people to learn about upcoming changes in atmospheric pressure, and accordingly, prepare for them. This is especially true for hypertensive patients. The barometer is an optional item in the house, but as auxiliary element or in addition to the interior - desirable. The modern frame of the much-needed device allows it to fit into any interior solution.
Columbus, of course, is not the only brand of weather stations in Russia. Their main difference is an attempt to create an object of interior decoration from a traditionally applied instrument, previously presented in classical forms. A wide range of shades, decoration, the use of brass and aluminum decoration - all this turns an ordinary weather forecasting device into a small masterpiece (a full-fledged interior element).
Why do you need a weather station at all?
Usually we learn the weather from the reports of the Hydrometeorological Center and do not always understand what the final forecast is based on. With the Columbus weather station at our disposal, we can always trust our own eyes to make our own personal weather forecast. More complete this question highlighted in the passport of the Columbus weather stations.
Operating instructions for weather stations, barometers
1. Taking into account the height of the terrain when adjusting the barometer
In meteorological observations, all data on air pressure are correlated with height above sea level. To obtain comparable values, the influence of the height of the terrain on the air pressure is corrected (pressure decreases with height). The room barometer is adjusted so that it indicates air pressure in relation to altitude. Therefore, before use, it is necessary to adjust the barometer to the appropriate height of the place of use. The principle of terrain height adjustment is that the change in air pressure is compensated by correcting the instrument pointer in the opposite direction.
At the factory, the barometer is set to the altitude indicated on the package. Therefore, only in rare cases is it possible to operate the barometer without a new adjustment.
The easiest way to correctly adjust a barometer is to adjust it to a barometer already available in the area or to air pressure data reported in weather reports.
If the height of the place where the barometer is used is already known exactly, then a correction value can be calculated. This calculation is based on the following considerations: air pressure decreases with increasing altitude and dependence: 1 mm of mercury per 10.7 meters of height difference.
Example:
Terrain altitude - 200 meters
Operating height - 40 meters
Height difference - 160 meters
It is required to move the arrow by 160 / 10.7 = 15 mm Hg in the direction of more low pressure to increase air pressure.
2. Adjusting screw
The arrow is moved by turning the adjusting screw. It is made of brass and is located in the hole in the back wall. When adjusting, always take the shortest path.
Since the air pressure in enclosed spaces is the same as outside, the barometer can be hung anywhere. However, it is not recommended to hang it on damp exterior walls or near heat sources. This is especially important for barometers with which thermometers and hygrometers are combined.
Tap the glass lightly before each reading. At the same time, a small friction of the barometer makes it possible to determine the trend in the change in air pressure. It is also possible to make a comparison if, each time after reading, an additional arrow is aligned with the barometer needle.
At an air pressure of 765 mm Hg or more, you can count on calm and dry weather, and the weather is more stable, the higher the air pressure. In summer the weather is mostly cloudless and warm, in winter it is frosty. However, when high humidity and western wind(for the European part of Russia) fog is possible (especially in winter) and rain.
- With a slow and steady increase in barometer readings, an improvement in the weather should be expected, while a slow decline means an improvement in the weather.
-Rapid rise in unsettled weather is often followed by a rapid drop and means continued instability, cloud cover, gusty winds and downpour or hail.
-In winter, an increase in pressure indicates frost, a decrease indicates a softening of frost and thaw.
-Values of 750 mmHg and below are often associated with heavy cloud cover and precipitation. If the air pressure drops significantly below 750 mm Hg, then one should expect strong wind or storms.
- In summer, a rapid drop in pressure at big heat means thunderstorm.
6. Temperature and humidity in the living room
A person feels comfortable at a temperature in the range of 18-22 degrees and relative humidity within 45-70%. Fluctuations in air humidity in a residential area are mostly insignificant, but in winter the humidity usually drops to 25-40% (especially in rooms with central heating), which is associated with big difference at room and outside temperature. In this case, the air is very dry, and increased humidity can be achieved with the help of humidifiers.
7. Correction of indications on thermometers and hygrometers
Although the adjustment of dial thermometers and hygrometers is precisely checked at the factory, in some cases, for example: after strong shaking during transport, correction may be required. Corrective adjustment can be made with a screwdriver through the hole on the back cover. In this case, insert a screwdriver into the visible slot on the support of the measuring mechanism. It is recommended to carry out a correction only if reference measurements made with several liquid thermometers or regenerated hair hygrometers or psychrometers show noticeable differences.
The performance of hygrometers and pointer thermometers can be verified by breathing on them from the back. If the capillary thread of the liquid thermometer is broken, it can be reconnected by shaking towards the top of the capillaries or towards the cup. The best way to do this is to use a slow pre-heat that causes the thread to move upwards. In this case, the thermometer must be unscrewed from the frame.
Altitude of the area of application - no more than 300 meters above sea level
- pressure measurement range - from 695 to 805 mm Hg (927-1073 hectopascal)
- temperature measurement range - from minus 10 C to plus 50 C
- humidity measurement range - 0-100%
Instructions for handling weather stations "Columbus"
1. If it is necessary to mark weather stations or stick a price tag, we kindly ask you to adhere to the following rules:
do not stick stickers on the wooden parts of the case of weather stations;
do not use strong adhesives, including adhesive tape;
RECOMMENDED: to identify weather stations, stick a sticker on reverse side products.
2. Pay special attention to the packaging of weather stations. Factory packaging protects weather stations from scratches. We strongly recommend that you package weather stations in the following order:
wrapping;
plastic bag;
bubble wrap.
3. DO NOT use non-wood cleaners. Pay special attention to the varnished parts of the body.
4. Since the weather stations use glass, be extremely careful when unpacking/packing, displaying and moving the weather stations. It is recommended to use special gloves when handling weather stations.
5. When placing weather stations in a showcase, make sure that the weather stations are at the maximum distance from lighting fixtures (especially halogen lamps). The heat emitted by these luminaires can damage the coverage of weather stations.
6. When packing, transporting weather stations with clocks, be careful not to leave batteries in the case. This is due to the risk that the battery may leak.
Careful observance of these conditions will help you provide the buyer with weather stations in perfect condition and avoid possible problems with the appearance and performance of weather stations.
http://www.columbus.su
Barometer - a useful and beautiful gift
What is a barometer and what is it for?
Barometer - a device for measuring atmospheric pressure. When the pressure drops - precipitation is expected, rises - it will be clear. Of course, check the weather forecast modern man not difficult. That's just on different sites predictions can vary significantly. And if on one they advise you to take an umbrella with you all next week, then on the other they will tell you to urgently buy sunblock.
The barometer allows you to make your own forecast, and besides, it is a stylish element of the interior. The barometer looks especially appropriate in the office business man.
What are barometers
Barometers, which are used by professional weather forecasters to measure atmospheric pressure, are one thing, and household barometers are quite another. The latter do not require such precision measurements as the former, but, of course, a home barometer can easily predict the approach of a snow storm or the onset of sunny weather. On the other hand, household barometers are compact, beautiful, easy-to-use instruments.
According to the principle of operation, barometers are mercury and liquid-free (aneroids). The mercury barometer was invented by the Italian scientist Torricelli in 1643. By the very name of the device, it is clear that mercury is used for measurement. Under the action of atmospheric pressure, the height of the mercury column placed inside the barometer changes.
The readings of such a device are accurate, it is mercury barometers that are used at meteorological stations, but mercury is dangerous to humans. Rather, mercury vapors are dangerous, which are formed if the device is broken. The same applies to the usual thermometer, familiar to all of us from childhood, but it is still used in everyday life. But as for barometers, the use of mercury devices for domestic purposes was practically abandoned.
Aneroid means liquidless. Such a barometer does not contain any dangerous elements, therefore it is suitable for measuring atmospheric pressure even in a hiking or sea voyage.
Barometer-altimeter Mingle BKT381, designed for hikers, climbers, hunters
By the way, on sale there are also models of barometers designed for hunters, tourists, climbers. However, most often a barometer is an excellent souvenir that is placed on a table or hung on a wall in an office or home office.
Of course, in our age high technology barometers are also electronic. In this electronic form, they exist as part of home weather stations, which allow you to fairly accurately predict the weather for the near future, measuring not only atmospheric pressure, but also a number of other quantities by which we judge the weather. And, of course, electronic devices are found wide application in navigation.
For example, the Weems & Plath 4002 professional electronic barometer has much more functionality than a conventional analog instrument. Such a barometer records readings for the last 48 hours, for which you can set an audible alert that the pressure has gone beyond user-selected limits. In addition to pressure, the device measures the temperature and humidity of the air, it also has a built-in alarm clock.
Electronic barometer Weems & Plath 4002
It should be noted that digital barometers, unlike conventional analog ones, are less sensitive to shaking, which is inevitable at sea. Therefore, the owner of a yacht, boat, or other vehicle on water will be much more pleased with a good electronic barometer that can give accurate readings with any pitching than a beautiful, but more capricious analog device, even if made of shiny metal or expensive wood.
At the same time, it is precisely analog barometers, appearance which reminds us of the era of brave sailors discovering new lands, are more suitable for the role of a gift. However, some people like classic clocks with arrows, while others prefer to keep track of time using an electronic scoreboard. The same is true of barometers and weather stations.
Vitek Wireless Weather Station/Digital Photo Frame
Electronic appliances fit perfectly into a modern interior, and their functionality is higher. The figure above shows a weather station that is also a photo frame. Such a gift will certainly please a person who is focused on everything the most modern and high-tech.
Atmosphere pressure
So, barometers measure atmospheric pressure. What is it and what is its significance in shaping the weather? The above-mentioned scientist Torricelli once came to the conclusion that air has weight, which means that the atmosphere, consisting of several layers of air, exerts pressure on the Earth. To measure it, he conducted an experiment with mercury placed in an empty vessel.
As a result, normal atmospheric pressure was measured, which at an air temperature of 15 ° C is considered to be a pressure of 760 mm Hg. Art. (millimeters of mercury). In this case, we are talking about optimal readings at the so-called sea level. Whereas high in the mountains, the pressure is lower, because the layer of the atmosphere is smaller there. When climbing mountain peaks, a person may experience altitude sickness, which is associated with difficult lung function at low atmospheric pressure and a decrease in oxygen concentration. So the atmospheric pressure is importance for our health.
Home barometers measure pressure in the range of 700-800 mm Hg. Art. at an altitude of not more than 300 m above sea level. These limits are sufficient to display normal changes in atmospheric pressure. In general, in the epicenter of a tornado, the pressure can decrease up to 560 mm Hg. Art. So the approach of the low pressure zone, which is periodically promised to us in television forecasts, means just worse weather conditions, rains and snowfalls. These zones with low pressure are also commonly called cyclones, and those with high pressure are also called anticyclones. Arising in one part the globe, they are able to travel great distances and, as a result, dictate the weather in a completely different part of it. The approach of cyclones, which bring with them a decrease in atmospheric pressure, negatively affects the well-being of many people, especially those who suffer from cardiovascular diseases.
The barometer helps to predict the deterioration of health and take the necessary medicines in time.
It should also be noted that atmospheric pressure is measured not only in millimeters of mercury. Barometer readings can be given in millibars, which is the unit used by sailors. The normal pressure is 1013 mbar, which corresponds to 760 mm Hg. Art. And in international system SI, familiar to us from the lessons of physics, it is customary to measure pressure in hectopascals. However, the normal pressure indicator is also 1013 hPa.
In general, if you are not going to cross the Atlantic Ocean alone on a sailing boat, you do not need a thorough knowledge of the features of measuring atmospheric pressure in different conditions. On any barometer in one form or another there are marks "Rain", "Clear", "Cloudy". And when the arrow approaches the sun drawn under the glass, you don't have to worry about getting your shoes wet. And the instructions for the device must necessarily describe how to correct the operation of the barometer if its readings do not correspond to the readings of the local weather station, that is, they are not accurate enough.
Who would be interested in such a gift
In the assortment of a large number of online stores offering goods as a gift for men, there are barometers. Indeed, for a girl, such a souvenir is hardly of interest, but men have always liked various devices. Of course, barometers vary in appearance, but still we are not talking about cute floral designs or glamorous Swarovski stones on the body of the device. Wood and metal are the main materials used in the manufacture of analog barometers.
Barometer PB-14 M made of high quality wood
Barometers are quite consistent with male tastes, fit well into both classic and ultra-modern interior design. They perfectly coexist with the latest gadgets, without which in our time it is difficult to imagine not only the working, but also the home space of a business person. And if a barometer, the body of which is made in the form of a ship's steering wheel, will look better in a room furnished with solid wooden furniture, then the device, placed in a strict metal case of a rectangular shape, can be safely hung on the same wall with an ultra-thin LCD TV.
Metal wall barometer Sea Power
Style
If functionally all analog barometers practically do not differ from each other, then their design may be different. It is the appearance and build quality that you have to focus on when choosing this souvenir. Let's see what the design of barometers are.
antique
Classic barometer round shape, made in the old Russian style, looks solid, it can be hung both on the wall of the office and at home in the living room.
It has already been mentioned above that there are also such barometers on sale that you can take with you on a hike or hunting, they are compact and easily survive the corresponding operating conditions. Now we will talk about wall-mounted barometers in a wooden or metal case, in the design of which the theme of hunting is used.
Barometer BRIG "Hunter"
Such a souvenir is perfect not only for a fan of shooting ducks, although it is definitely made with such an eye. This gift will fit well into the interior country house. It can be hung above the sofa in the living room, where we often find a place for other souvenirs such as an antique blade or a hunting trophy.
Barometer-wheel
Real men know how to overcome difficulties, they do not care about the trials of sea travel, when huge waves overwhelm the sides of the ship, and the salty wind beats in the face. The marine theme has always excited the imagination of the boys, and, becoming adults, they continue to see courageous, fearless people in sailors. Therefore, it is not for nothing that manufacturers often attach a steering wheel design to such a device as a barometer, which is directly related to shipping.
Barometer-rudder BRIG
The owner of this barometer can easily feel like a captain of a ship plowing the stormy waters of the Atlantic, and in general such a souvenir looks solid, it is clearly intended for a serious person who is used to being at the helm. It will look great both next to the director's chair or next to a large bookcase filled with volumes of classics, and in a modern bedroom.
Anchor
Many gifts have not only practical, but also symbolic meaning. The anchor barometer, along with the aforementioned helm, not only exploits the popular marine theme, but is also associated with reliability, stability, and confidence. Such a gift is able to emphasize your attitude towards the man for whom it is intended, as a person who can be counted on in any situation.
Sea Power Anchor Barometer (Brass Case)
Desktop barometers
Some models of barometers are mounted on the wall, while others can simply be placed on the table. Best of all, a desktop barometer will fit into the interior of a personal office; it will easily find its place next to a solid stand for stationery. However, such a souvenir will also look good on a student's desk, next to a computer and stacks of textbooks.
Sea Power Desktop Barometer
Defining costs
Basically a barometer is a small object. The diameter of the dial is usually 7-10 cm. Of course, the larger the dial, the more convenient it is to watch the barometer readings, but there is a direct relationship between the size of the device and its price. Naturally, the cost of a barometer is also determined by the prestige of the brand under which it is produced, and the quality of the materials from which it is made. The high measurement accuracy declared by the manufacturer, the low sensitivity of the device to operating conditions and the exclusive design also increase the price of the product.
Barometer "Helm" Sea Power
Let's say this shiny handsome barometer of the English brand Sea Power with a dial with a diameter of 15 cm, made of brass, is sold at a price of about 6 times higher than the barometer of the Russian company BRIG PB-17 Gold with a dial of 12 cm in diameter, made of golden metal. colors. The latter also has a built-in hygrometer (humidity meter) and a thermometer.
Barometer BRIG PB-17 Gold
Several useful tips on handling barometers
Barometers cannot be carried on aircraft. Therefore, if you decide to bring a beautiful barometer from a trip to an exotic country, keep in mind that the device is unlikely to survive a flight across the ocean, especially if it travels in the cargo hold with your suitcase. The thing is that at high altitude, the pressure goes beyond the limits in which the barometer measures, and this can damage its mechanism. Sudden changes in altitude, such as when driving downhill quickly, can also adversely affect the performance of the barometer. So try to avoid such overloads of the device.
The instructions for the barometer should indicate the temperature range at which it can operate. Usually we are talking about thermometer readings in the range of -10 ° С ... +50 ° С. And if in our climate one should not expect such heat as in the Sahara, then frosts of -25 ° C are a common thing. Therefore, you should not take the barometer outside when you yourself are forced to wrap yourself tightly in a fur coat. It won't do him any good. It is also not recommended to use the barometer in rooms with high humidity.
conclusions
It often happens that a gift or a souvenir looks beautiful, carries a certain meaning, we like it, and the one for whom it is intended, but does not bring any benefit other than aesthetic. On the one hand, a barometer is a meteorological instrument, its purpose is obvious. On the other hand, it is perfect as a stylish gift that fits easily into almost any interior, looks solid and even expensive. The man to whom you give a barometer will surely like it, because such a gift is not only beautiful, but also interesting thing, which has practical use. After all, it is always nice to have an accurate weather forecast, while others argue whether it is worth taking an umbrella with you today.
Predicting the weather with a barometer. If the watch has a built-in barometer, then with it you can predict how the weather will change in the next 12-24 hours. It's very simple - if the pressure drops, then it is likely that the weather will worsen. If the pressure rises, then this is a sign of improving weather.
The normal value of atmospheric pressure at sea level is 760 mm Hg or 1013 mbar or 1013 hPa (hectopascal). However, significant fluctuations are possible, so the lowest atmospheric pressure that was recorded was only 641 mm Hg. Art., and the highest pressure was 816 mm Hg. st..
Atmospheric pressure changes regularly throughout the day. AT daily course atmospheric pressure, there are two maxima: at 10:00 and 22:00 hours and two minimums: at 04:00 and 16:00 hours. These diurnal changes in pressure are especially pronounced in tropical latitudes. With an increase in latitude, that is, with advancement to the north, the amplitude of daily fluctuations in atmospheric pressure decreases and already at a latitude of 60 degrees is about 0.3 mbar.
However, the current value of atmospheric pressure itself cannot serve to determine the weather, the dynamics of pressure changes is important. For example, a sudden change in barometric pressure indicates that the weather is about to change.
A straight schedule without sharp pressure fluctuations will allow you to be sure that the weather will not change for the next few hours.
For example, if on the street sunny weather, and the pressure graph shows a sharp drop, then this clear sign that there will be rain or thick clouds. And if it is cloudy and rainy outside, then a sharp rise in pressure indicates that the weather will soon become sunny.
Video explaining how a barometer works in a wristwatch
Also, the rise in pressure, depending on the direction of the wind, may be accompanied by cooling or warming.
- In winter, high pressure means frost, while low pressure means warming and possible precipitation.
- In summer, on the contrary, when the pressure rises, the weather becomes hot and dry, and when it falls, it gets colder and it rains.
- The north wind often brings cool weather in places far from the ocean.
- In the case of a coastal location for each region, the forecast should be different, since it directly depends on the season.
- In the mountains, weather forecasting is more difficult, and the weather can change very quickly within a small area.
Worsening weather is preceded by a drop in pressure. If the pressure drops continuously for 6-12 hours or more, we can expect the approach of a cyclone, i.e. windy weather with precipitation.
A rapid drop in pressure (2-3 mbar or more in 3 hours) indicates the approach of the central region of a cyclone or a very deep cyclone - a storm should be expected. The faster the pressure drops, the sooner the weather worsens.
If the barometer reading rises or stays the same, anticyclonic weather (that is, clear skies, no precipitation) should be expected.
A slow, continuous and long-term (up to several days) increase in pressure means that long-term anticyclonic weather is established: hot in summer, frosty in winter (in both cases the sky remains clear).
Also, monitoring pressure changes can be useful, for example, when fishing. This is due to the fact that the behavior of the fish is highly dependent on weather changes, and in some cases the bite may intensify, while in others it disappears altogether.
Now there are many models of wristwatches with a barometer, by which you can determine the weather. Some watches even automatically show the weather forecast for the near future. There is also a special fishing watch that will tell you what time the best bite will be.
But even if you do not want to constantly monitor the pressure on the barometer in wrist watch, then just buying a barometer and putting it somewhere in the house will be useful and informative.
Atmosphere pressure
Remember, in the novel “The Golden Calf” by Ilf and Petrov, the Great Combinator shared with Adam Kozlevich the news that each of us, it turns out, is being pressed by a column of air with a force of 214 kilos? Yes, the atmosphere has weight, and it puts pressure on us. But each time is different, and it depends on the weather. When the sun shines brightly, it presses harder, when it's cloudy and it's raining, it presses weaker. Moreover, a change in atmospheric pressure, as a rule, occurs earlier than a change in the weather, therefore, by detecting a change in pressure in time, we can predict whether it will rain or snow tomorrow, or maybe vice versa - it will be sunny and dry. Knowing about the state of atmospheric pressure is also useful for people suffering from cardiovascular diseases, hypertension or hypotension, as well as other weather-dependent citizens. This will allow them to take measures in advance in order to better endure the weather disaster.
For these purposes it serves special device called a barometer. Back in 1644 (according to some sources, in 1643), a student of Galileo, the Italian physicist and mathematician Torricelli, discovered that if a thin glass tube is filled with mercury and one end of this tube is lowered into a cup filled with mercury, then not all of the mercury will pour out from the tube, part of it will remain. Moreover, the level of mercury in the tube will depend on the weather outside.
This is how the first mercury barometer was born, and the magnitude of atmospheric pressure is still measured in millimeters of mercury. And even with the introduction of the international metric SI measurement system, hectopascals have not been able to displace the good old millimeters of mercury. Even the bars could not displace these millimeters, despite the name of the device -.
As in the late Middle Ages of the 17th century, at weather stations the pressure is still measured with mercury barometers, since this method is considered the most accurate. Mercury is not a very healthy substance, so one end of a tube filled with this liquid metal sealed tightly, and the other is lowered into a container with liquid. 
In everyday life, the so-called aneroid barometer, that is, liquid-free, is more often used.
The sensitive element of such a device is a small corrugated box, from which the air is slightly pumped out to create a slight vacuum. This box decreases or increases in size depending on the value of atmospheric pressure, and an arrow connected to the box by means of springs and levers indicates its value on the scale. The aneroid barometer is not only a device, it can be a souvenir and a wonderful gift. It, like a wall or table clock, often serves as an interior decoration.
The simplest barometer you can make yourself from a twig coniferous tree. If you take a sprig of fir or pine, leave one long needle on it (and remove the rest) and fix it vertically on the plank so that nothing prevents the needle from moving, then the needle will rise to clear weather and fall to rain. And also as a barometer can be an electric transport that has a contact network - a tram, a trolleybus, an electric train. The fact is that at high atmospheric pressure, the sparks that sometimes occur between the wire and the current collector will have a bright blue, slightly purple color. At normal pressure, they will be blue-blue, and at low pressure, the hue will become slightly greenish.
How to use a barometer?
The barometer is falling!
“Hold it, or it will break!”
A very famous pun, isn't it? Yes, in use sharp decline pressure is very often said that the barometer "falls".
Using a barometer is very easy - you just need to look where the arrow of the device is pointing. On the scale, in addition to divisions indicating absolute values, there are also zones designated as “storm”, “rain”, “variably”, “clear”, “dry”, or other similar words. Usually the device has two arrows - one is movable, connected with a sensitive element (aneroid box), the other you can turn yourself like an alarm clock arrow. What is she for? If you align it with the movable arrow indicating the state of atmospheric pressure in this moment, then you can observe in which direction the movable arrow will deviate after some time. You will know if there is an increase in pressure or if the barometer is still falling.
Finally, I would like to give one anecdote. At the exam, a student was asked: how to measure the distance from the ground to the roof of a high-rise building using a barometer? The student immediately suggested several ways of measuring, for example, dropping a barometer from a roof, using a stopwatch to time the fall and, knowing the mass of the device, calculate it. average speed- from it you can calculate the height. The second way is to measure the diameter of the barometer with a ruler, then, applying it to the wall, climb the fire escape to the roof and find out the height of the building in barometers, after which it can be easily converted to centimeters or meters. The third way is to go to the house manager, show him the barometer and say:
“Look, what a beautiful little thing, I’ll give it to you if you tell me the height of this house!”
In fact, the height of the building is calculated from the difference in pressure on the ground and on the roof of this house. After all, the higher we rise, the lower the height of the air column, which so struck the imagination of Ostap Bender with its mass. Therefore, when taking barometer readings somewhere on the twenty-fifth floor, it should be borne in mind that normal pressure for this height is somewhat lower than at the surface of the earth.
Often require adjustment. This must be done so that the error of the device does not interfere with correctly predicting future weather. If the barometer is strongly confused, then the movements of its arrows will incorrectly display a drop or increase in pressure.
Many people adjust and calibrate barometers themselves. The online store offers to buy mechanical aneroids, which are easy to study and fix yourself if necessary. In order to correctly set up home barometers, follow our tips below.
How to understand that the barometer needs to be adjusted?
Check your instrument readings. Track: compare its data with those broadcast on radio, television, or with a summary of the hydrometeorological center. For comparison, take the information that is given specifically for your region. It is impossible to compare the readings of a home barometer with data for a neighboring area: at a distance of several kilometers, these figures can vary significantly.
The normal error can be up to 8mm. rt. Art. If your barometer does not exceed the allowed error value, then you do not need to adjust it. If the device shows data with exactly this or greater error, then it needs to be calibrated. It is not difficult to do this, after reading this article it will become absolutely clear how to properly set up barometers. Online store presents mechanical models, which are easy to figure out, you just have to follow our step-by-step tips.
How to set up a barometer?
· Find the thin black arrow. It is called index and we need it in order to correctly set the sea level at which the device is located.
· There is a large adjustment screw on the back of the barometer. Take an ordinary wrench of the right size and use it to turn the adjusting screw so that the black pointer indicates the sea level, which is correct for your city.
· Once again check the correct position of the arrow.
· Check the barometric pressure data that is correct for your location. Use the news bulletin or weather forecast.
· Use the barometer's center knob to turn the second hand so that it accurately indicates this data.
· Hang the barometer on a wall or place it on a table. Make sure it works properly by tilting the entire body of the instrument about 45 degrees. If the thin black pointer turns clockwise, then everything is in order with your barometer: this is the normal reaction of the device to a change in position. But if the arrow does not make a turn - contact a specialist. There may be trouble or a malfunction with the device.
When checking your home barometer, remember to check for accurate reports. In addition, it is desirable that the device be at the same height above sea level as you are - otherwise the weather forecast made using such a device will not make any sense. Also pay attention to the correct installation or mounting of the barometer: only the correct location of the device will make its readings accurate. But, on the other hand, remember: there is no difference whether the device will stand in an apartment or house, or be on the street. When set correctly, the barometer will show changes in atmospheric pressure correctly.
Most barometers do not require frequent calibration or adjustment. This is a durable device that is designed for many years of operation. Before taking any action, check carefully whether there really is an error in his testimony.
In everyday life, we are surrounded by many measuring devices. The appearance in the house of meters for hot, cold water or gas is perceived as a necessity, a thermometer for determining body temperature ̶ as a vital necessity, especially if there are small children in the house. Purchasing other household measuring instruments may be related to hobbies or health concerns. This is how barometers appear in houses. Why is it needed?
Do you remember what a barometer is and what it is for?
From the physics course for grade 7, it is known that a barometer is a device that measures atmospheric pressure. Once upon a time, the Italian scientist Torricelli found that air has a certain weight. The entire multi-layered atmosphere with some force presses on our planet and everything that is on it. The scientist conducted the first experiments on measurement with mercury placed in an empty vessel. The result of the research was to find the value of normal atmospheric pressure. It was determined at a temperature of 15ᵒ C and was found to be 760 mmHg.
.Modern atmospheric pressure meters are divided into mercury and mechanical devices. At home, non-liquid barometers (aneroids) are more often used. They are safe to use. Although their accuracy is not one hundred percent, you will definitely know whether it will be dry outside or you will have to take an umbrella. Exceeding the mark of the value of normal atmospheric pressure means that the weather is improving. If the arrow points to a number below 760, then expect precipitation. For clarity, barometer manufacturers supplement the instrument scale with the inscriptions “Clear”, “Rain”, “Variable”.
Refreshing the concept what is a barometer and why is it needed, moving on. Now let's find out who needs it the most.
Meteorological dependence and what a barometer is for
The fact that weather and human well-being have a close relationship has been known since ancient times. Everyone reacts to climate change differently. Some people have exacerbated manifestations of problems with respiratory system, others have interruptions in the work of the heart and blood vessels, kidneys. People with high and low blood pressure are sensitive to weather changes.
According to statistics, more than half of the adult population suffers from various chronic diseases. It is vital for such people to resist weather changes by taking preventive measures. The weather-dependent population must know what barometers are and what they are for.
Does the arrow of the instrument indicate a decrease in atmospheric pressure? Attention, hypotensives! You can prepare for the vagaries of nature by extending your walks by fresh air and taking tonic preparations based on ginseng, eleutherococcus.
If the atmospheric pressure is higher than normal, care should be taken by those whose own pressure is elevated. Doctors recommend stocking up on motherwort tinctures during this period, being less nervous and postponing physical exercise until better times.
Go to an aneroid bath or what a steam room barometer is for.
A visit to the steam room is always associated with a great load on the body. Well, if you are a fan of going to the bathhouse with experience. Then you can rely on your subjective feelings. And what to do when family members gathered to take a steam bath, who are already “far beyond ...” or do you want to take the kids with you?
In this case, you must remember not only the temperature in the steam room, but also the atmospheric pressure, What is a barometer for?. Special models are now being produced with a scale that reflects the entire possible range of changes in readings. For a steam room, it is better to choose a barometer with a maximum capacity. Then his testimony will be extremely accurate, and your elderly relatives and small children will receive only positive emotions and recovery.
Does the fish know what barometers are and what they are for?
The fish hardly knows, but a good fisherman always has a barometer. Some prefer homemade copies.
A few useful tips that will help make any exit to the reservoir a “fish day”.
●If within three days the readings of the device are approximately at the same mark (± 2 mm), there will be a good bite. Here what is a barometer for!
●Did the pressure rise or fall by 7-8 bars per day? Reel your fishing rods. The fish is not up to you now - she is moping. Leave thoughts about fishing for a few days, let the future catch adapt to new weather conditions;
●If a pressure surge occurred while you were sitting peacefully with a fishing rod, you will have to change the deployment point. Try to move from shallow water to more deep places. It is noticed that when the pressure increases, the fish rises closer to the surface of the water, goes to the riffles. When the pressure drops, the fish goes "underground".
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