The best Soviet self-propelled guns of the Great Patriotic War. Changes in the branch of Soviet tank destroyers Fri destroyers of the USSR in world of tanks

Self-propelled artillery began to be massively used by the Red Army relatively late - only at the end of 1942. However, the machines produced by Soviet designers made a great contribution to the overall victory. Without exception, all Soviet self-propelled guns of the war period can be attributed to formidable vehicles that were useful in various ways on the battlefield. From a small, but no less effective SU-76, to such a monster as the ISU-152, which could easily hit a pillbox or destroy a house in which the Nazis settled.

Light self-propelled guns SU-76

This self-propelled gun was developed in 1942 by the design bureaus of plant No. 38 in the city of Kirov, the machine was created on the basis of a well-mastered by industry light tank T-70. In total, from 1942 until the end of the war, more than 14 thousand machines of this type were manufactured. Thanks to this, the SU-76 is the most massive Soviet self-propelled artillery installation of the Great Patriotic War, and its output was second only to the production of the T-34 tank. The popularity and prevalence of the machine is due to its simplicity and versatility.

A huge role was played by the fact that a very good ZIS-3 divisional gun of 76.2 mm caliber was chosen as a weapon for arming this self-propelled guns. The gun proved to be excellent during the war years and was distinguished by its high versatility of use. The best weapon to support the infantry was hard to come up with. When using sub-caliber shells, the gun also revealed its anti-tank properties, however, tanks such as the Tiger and Panther were still recommended to be destroyed by firing at their sides. Against most samples German armored vehicles the armor penetration of the ZIS-3 gun remained adequate until the end of the war, although 100-mm armor remained an insurmountable obstacle for the gun.

The advantage, and in some cases the disadvantage of the machine, was its open felling. On the one hand, she helped the crew of the self-propelled guns to interact more closely with their infantry, especially in conditions street fight and also provided best review on the battlefield. On the other hand, the SPG crew was vulnerable to enemy fire and could be hit by shrapnel. In general, the self-propelled guns were distinguished by a minimum level of booking, which was bulletproof. However, the SU-76 was still very popular in units. Possessing the mobility of a light tank, the self-propelled gun had a much more serious weapon.

Not the most powerful weapons, thin armor, a fighting compartment open from above - all this, paradoxically, did not make the self-propelled gun unsuccessful. With its immediate task on the battlefield, the SU-76 coped perfectly. It was used for infantry fire support, acting as a light assault gun and anti-tank self-propelled guns. She was able to largely replace the light tanks of direct infantry support. Almost 25 years after the Victory in the Great Patriotic War, Marshal Soviet Union K.K. Rokossovsky noted: “Our soldiers especially fell in love with the self-propelled gun SU-76. These mobile, light vehicles had time everywhere to help out and support the infantry units with their fire and caterpillars, and the infantrymen, in turn, did everything to protect these vehicles.

Anti-tank self-propelled guns SU-85 and SU-100

A separate place among all Soviet self-propelled guns was occupied by the SU-85 and SU-100, which were created on the basis of the mass tank during the war - the medium tank T-34. As you can easily guess, they differed primarily in the caliber of their guns and, accordingly, in their anti-tank capabilities. It is noteworthy that both self-propelled guns remained in service. various countries after the end of World War II.

The SU-85 was a medium-weight Soviet self-propelled artillery mount belonging to the tank destroyer class. Its main task on the battlefield was to fight enemy armored vehicles. Fighting machine was developed in KB UZTM ( Ural plant heavy engineering, "Uralmash") in May-July 1943. Serial production of new anti-tank self-propelled guns was launched in July-August 1943. As the main tool for new self-propelled gun the 85-mm D-5S-85 gun was chosen, which had good anti-tank capabilities. In fact, it was the SU-85 that became the first Soviet self-propelled guns that could fight German tanks on equal terms. From a distance of more than a kilometer, the crew of the SU-85 could easily disable any medium tank enemy. The frontal armor of the "Tiger" when using armor-piercing shells could be penetrated from a distance of up to 500 meters, the use of sub-caliber ammunition made this task even easier.

Along with good firepower, the SU-85 was able to maintain the speed and maneuverability of its "progenitor" - the medium tank T-34 and these good performance mobility was saved more than once by the crews of this anti-tank self-propelled gun in battle. And under enemy fire, the SU-85 self-propelled guns felt much more confident than the SU-76 with its open cabin. In addition, her frontal armor, located at rational angles of inclination, was no longer bulletproof and could take a hit.

In total, 2329 such machines were produced in 1943-1944. Despite the relatively small number, it was the SU-85 self-propelled guns, from 1943 until the end of hostilities in Europe, that was the basis of Soviet self-propelled artillery units armed with medium-weight vehicles. The SU-100, which replaced it, was able to show up in battles only in January 1945. Therefore, it was the SU-85 self-propelled guns and their crews that carried on their shoulders almost the entire burden of anti-tank and assault work of medium self-propelled artillery during the war.

With the advent of new types of Germans armored vehicles, such as the heavy tank "Royal Tiger" and self-propelled guns "Ferdinand", the question of increasing anti-tank capabilities became acute Soviet self-propelled guns. The designers of Uralmash responded to a new challenge and in the middle of 1944 presented best fighter tanks of the Second World War - self-propelled guns SU-100. The self-propelled gun used the base of the T-34-85 tank and went into serial production in August 1944. In total, for the period from 1944 to 1956, 4976 such self-propelled artillery installations were produced, while in the USSR production was stopped in 1948, but continued under license in Czechoslovakia.

The main difference and the main highlight of the self-propelled guns was its cannon - a 100-mm D-10S gun, which could confidently fight even the heaviest and well-armored German tanks. Not by chance finest hour SU-100 struck during the Balaton defensive operation, when the German large-scale tank offensive, codenamed "Winter Awakening", ended in huge losses of armored vehicles and became in fact the cemetery of the Panzerwaffe. Also, the self-propelled gun was distinguished by the best booking. The thickness of its sloping frontal armor reached 75 mm. The self-propelled gun felt confident not only in the fight against enemy tanks, but also in urban battles. Often, one shot with a high-explosive projectile from a 100-mm gun was enough to literally "blow off" the detected enemy firing point.

Uniqueness and exceptional combat capabilities The SU-100 is confirmed by the fact that it was in service with the Soviet Army for several decades after the war, periodically being upgraded. In addition, the self-propelled guns were supplied to the allies of the Soviet Union, actively participated in post-war local conflicts, including the Arab-Israeli wars. The self-propelled gun remained in service with the armies of some countries until the end of the 20th century, and in some countries, such as Algeria, Morocco and Cuba, they remained in service as of 2012.

Heavy self-propelled guns SU-152 and ISU-152

Heavy Soviet self-propelled artillery mounts SU-152 and ISU-152 also made a significant contribution to the victory. The effectiveness of these machines is best indicated by their nicknames - "Deerslayer" and "Can Opener", which were given to these mighty twins in the army. The SU-152 was created on the basis of the KV-1S heavy tank and armed with a 152 mm ML-20S howitzer gun. The self-propelled gun was developed by the designers of ChKZ (Chelyabinsk Kirov Plant), the construction of the first prototype was completed on January 24, 1943, and with next month mass production of the machine began. It is worth noting that only 670 of these self-propelled guns were assembled, since the KV-1S tank, on the basis of which it was built, was discontinued. In December 1943, this vehicle was replaced on the assembly line with the ISU-152, which was equivalent in terms of armament, but better armored self-propelled guns based on the IS heavy tank.

The SU-152 self-propelled gun made its combat debut in the famous battle on Kursk Bulge, where she was immediately able to show herself as a worthy opponent of the new German tanks. The capabilities of self-propelled guns were enough to deal with the new brood of German "cats". The use of the 152-mm howitzer-gun ML-20S assumed the use of all the shells developed for it. But in reality, the crews of the vehicles managed with only two - high-explosive fragmentation and concrete-piercing shells. Direct hit on enemy tank concrete-piercing shells were enough to inflict heavy damage on him and disable him. In some cases, the shells simply broke through the armor of the tanks, tore off the turret from the shoulder strap, and killed the crew. And sometimes a direct hit by a 152-mm projectile led to the detonation of ammunition, which turned enemy tanks into burning torches.

High-explosive fragmentation shells were also effective against German armored vehicles. Even without breaking through the armor, they damaged the sights and observation devices, the gun, the undercarriage of the vehicle. Moreover, in order to put an enemy tank out of action, sometimes it was enough just to close the gap of a high-explosive fragmentation projectile. The crew of Major Sankovsky, commander of one of the SU-152 batteries in the Battle of Kursk, disabled 10 enemy tanks in one day (according to other sources, this was the success of the entire battery), for which the major was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Of course, in the role of tank destroyers, the SU-152 was not used from a good life, but in this capacity, the self-propelled gun proved to be a wonderful machine. In general, the SU-152 was an excellent example of versatility. It could be used as assault gun, tank destroyer and self-propelled howitzer. True, the use of the vehicle as a tank destroyer was complicated by the low rate of fire, but the effect of hitting the target could easily cross out this shortcoming. The monstrous power of the 152-mm howitzer-gun was indispensable in suppressing pillboxes and firing points of the Germans. Even if the concrete wall or ceilings withstood the impact of the projectile, the people inside received a serious concussion, their eardrums were torn.

Heavy self-propelled artillery mount The ISU-152 replaced the SU-152; it was created by the design bureau of Pilot Plant No. 100 in June-October 1943 and was put into service on November 6 of the same year. The release of the new self-propelled guns was launched at ChKZ, where it simply replaced the SU-152. The production of self-propelled guns continued until 1946, during which time 3242 vehicles of this type were built. The self-propelled gun was widely used in the final stage of the war and, like its predecessor, the SU-152, could be used in all aspects of the use of self-propelled artillery. These vehicles were withdrawn from the armament of the Soviet Army only in the 1970s, which also indicates their great combat potential.

The ISU-152 self-propelled guns became indispensable during urban battles, literally leveling enemy buildings and firing points with the ground. She showed herself very well during the assaults on Budapest, Konigsberg and Berlin. Good armor allowed the self-propelled guns to advance to a direct shot distance and hit German firing points with direct fire. For conventional towed artillery, this was a mortal danger due to the massive machine-gun and aimed sniper fire.

Sources of information:
http://rg.ru/2015/04/24/samohodka-site.html
http://armor.kiev.ua
http://pro-tank.ru
http://www.opoccuu.com

Self-propelled gun "Condenser-2P"

Self-propelled gun "Kondensator-2P", index GRAU 2A3 - a heavy self-propelled unit weighing 64 tons, capable of sending a 570-kilogram projectile to a distance of 25.6 kilometers. Not mass-produced, only 4 guns were made. For the first time, a self-propelled gun was shown at a parade on Red Square in 1957. The shown self-propelled guns made a splash among domestic viewers and foreign journalists. Some foreign experts suggested that the vehicles shown during the parade were sham, designed for the effect of intimidation, but in fact it was a real 406-mm artillery system shot at the firing range.

The creation of a 460-mm self-propelled gun of special power in the USSR began in 1954. This self-propelled gun was intended to destroy large industrial and military facilities of the enemy located at a distance of more than 25 kilometers with conventional and nuclear shells. Just in case, the USSR began to develop 3 nuclear superweapons: guns, mortars and recoilless rifle, calibers significantly exceeding the existing atomic guns. The huge caliber chosen arose as a result of the inability of Soviet nuclear scientists to produce a compact munition. During the development process, in order to ensure secrecy, the artillery system was given the designation "Condenser-2P" (object 271), and later the gun received its real index 2A3. The self-propelled guns were developed in parallel with the 420-mm self-propelled mortar 2B1 "Oka" (object 273), in accordance with the decree of the Council of Ministers of 04/18/1955.

The artillery part of the self-propelled guns (pointing and loading mechanism, swinging part) was designed by TsKB-34 under the control of I.I. Ivanov, here it was assigned the index SM-54. Horizontal aiming of the gun was carried out by turning the entire ACS, while accurate aiming was carried out using a special electric motor through the turning mechanism. The vertical aiming of the gun was carried out using hydraulic lifts, the weight of the projectile was 570 kg., The firing range was 25.6 km.

Due to the fact that there was no suitable chassis for mounting such a large weapon in the USSR, the Design Bureau of the Leningrad Plant named after. Kirov for self-propelled guns 2A3 "Condenser-2P" on the basis of components, parts, technical solutions for the undercarriage of the heavy tank T-10M (object 272), a new eight-roller chassis, which received the designation "object 271". In developing this chassis, the developers focused on the need to perceive big forces recoil when firing. The chassis they developed had lowering sloths and hydraulic shock absorbers, which were supposed to partially dampen the recoil energy. Motor- power point for this self-propelled gun was borrowed from the heavy tank T-10, practically without undergoing any changes.

In 1955, at the plant number 221, work was completed on the creation of a 406-mm experimental ballistic barrel SM-E124, on which shots for the SM-54 gun were tested. In August of the same year, the first fully equipped artillery part of the SM-54 gun was ready at the plant. Its installation on the chassis of the Kirov Plant was completed on December 26, 1956. Tests of the self-propelled guns "Condenser-2P" took place from 1957 to 1959 at the Central Artillery Range near Leningrad, also known as the "Rzhevsky Range". The tests were carried out in conjunction with a 420-mm self-propelled mortar 2B1 "Oka". Prior to these tests, many experts were skeptical that this self-propelled gun mount would be able to survive a shot without destruction. However, the 406-mm self-propelled guns 2A3 "Kondensator-2P" quite successfully passed the mileage and shooting tests.

At the first stage of testing the ACS was accompanied by numerous breakdowns. So, when fired, the recoil force of the SM-54 gun mounted on the self-propelled guns was such that the caterpillar self-propelled gun rolled back several meters. During the first firing using simulators of nuclear shells, sloths were damaged in the self-propelled guns, which could not withstand the huge recoil forces of this gun. In a number of other cases, cases were noted with the collapse of the equipment of the installation, the failure of the gearbox mounts.

After each shot, the engineers carefully studied the state of the material, identified weak parts and components of the structure, and came up with new technical solutions to eliminate them. As a result of such actions, the design of the ACS was continuously improved, and the reliability of the installation increased. The tests also revealed low maneuverability and maneuverability of the self-propelled guns. At the same time, it was not possible to overcome all the detected shortcomings. It was not possible to completely extinguish the recoil of the gun; when fired, the gun drove back several meters. Also, the angle of horizontal guidance was insufficient. Due to its significant weight and size characteristics (weight about 64 tons, length with a gun - 20 meters), it took a significant amount of time to prepare the positions of the ACS 2A3 "Condenser-2P". The given accuracy of firing the gun required not only accurate aiming, but also careful preparation of the artillery position. Special equipment was used to load the gun, while loading was carried out only in a horizontal position.

In total, 4 copies of the 406-mm self-propelled guns "Kondensator-2P" were made, all of them were shown in 1957 during the parade on Red Square. Despite the skepticism of a number of foreign military and journalists, the installation was combat, although it had a number of significant drawbacks. The mobility of the artillery system left much to be desired, it could not pass through the streets of small towns, under bridges, on country bridges, under power lines. According to these parameters and in terms of its firing range, it could not compete with the Luna divisional tactical missile, therefore, the 2A3 Capacitor-2P self-propelled guns never entered service with the troops.

SELF-PROPELLED MORTAR 2B1 OKA

The Cold War prompted the Soviet defense industry to develop unique types of weapons that, even after 50 years, can excite the imagination of the layman. Everyone in the artillery museum in St. Petersburg was probably surprised by the size of the 2B1 Oka self-propelled mortar, which is one of the most interesting exhibits. This 420-mm self-propelled mortar, designed in the USSR in the mid-1950s, is the largest mortar in the history of mankind. Moreover, the concept of its use involved the use of nuclear weapons. In total, 4 prototypes of this mortar were made, it was never mass-produced.

Work on the creation of a powerful 420-mm mortar was carried out in parallel with the development of the 406-mm self-propelled guns 2A3 (code "Condenser-2P"). B. I. Shavyrin was the chief designer of the unique self-propelled mortar. The development of the mortar began in 1955 and was carried out by well-known Soviet defense enterprises. The development of its artillery unit was carried out by the Kolomna Design Bureau of Mechanical Engineering. The Design Bureau of the Kirov Plant in Leningrad was responsible for the creation of a caterpillar self-propelled mortar chassis (object 273). The development of the 420-mm mortar barrel was carried out by the Barrikady plant. The length of the mortar barrel was almost 20 meters. The first prototype mortar 2B1 "Oka" (code "Transformer") was ready in 1957. Work on the development of the Oka self-propelled mortar continued until 1960, after which, according to the decree of the USSR Council of Ministers, they were stopped. The designations "Condenser-2P" and "Transformer" were used, among other things, to misinform a potential enemy about the true purpose of the development.

The undercarriage of the machine, designed by the Design Bureau of the Kirov Plant, according to the classification of the GBTU, received the designation "Object 273". This chassis was maximally unified with the 2A3 self-propelled guns and met the increased requirements for structural strength. On this chassis, a power plant from the Soviet T-10 heavy tank was used. The chassis of the Oka self-propelled mortar had 8 dual track rollers and 4 support rollers (on each side of the body), the rear wheel was a guide, the front wheel was a drive wheel. Chassis guide wheels had a hydraulic system for lowering them in combat position to the ground. The chassis suspension was a torsion bar suspension with hydraulic shock absorbers, which were able to absorb a significant part of the recoil energy at the moment the mortar was fired. However, this was not enough. The absence of recoil devices on the mortar also affected. For this reason, when fired, a 420-mm mortar drove back on tracks up to a distance of 5 meters.

During the campaign, only the driver controlled the self-propelled mortar, while the rest of the crew (7 people) were transported separately on an armored personnel carrier or truck. In front of the body of the machine housed the MTO - the engine compartment, which was installed 12-cylinder diesel engine liquid-cooled V-12-6B, equipped with a turbocharging system and developing a power of 750 hp. There was also a mechanical planetary transmission, which was interlocked with the rotation mechanism.

As the main weapon on the mortar, a 420-mm 2B2 smoothbore mortar with a length of 47.5 calibers was used. The loading of mines was carried out from the breech of the mortar using a crane (the weight of the mine is 750 kg), which negatively affected its rate of fire. The rate of fire of the mortar was only 1 shot in 5 minutes. The transportable ammunition of the 2B1 Oka mortar included only one mine with a nuclear warhead, which guaranteed at least one tactical nuclear strike under any circumstances. The vertical guidance angle of the mortar lay in the range from +50 to +75 degrees. In the vertical plane, the barrel moved thanks to the hydraulic system, at the same time, the horizontal guidance of the mortar was carried out in 2 stages: initially, a rough adjustment of the entire installation, and only after that, aiming at the target using an electric drive.

In total, 4 2B1 Oka self-propelled mortars were assembled at the Kirov Plant in Leningrad. In 1957, they were shown during the traditional military parade, which took place on Red Square. Here, at the parade, foreigners were also able to see the mortar. The demonstration of this truly huge weapon made a splash among foreign journalists, as well as Soviet observers. At the same time, some foreign journalists even suggested that the artillery installation shown at the parade was only a props, which was designed to produce an intimidating effect.

It is worth noting that this statement is not so far from the truth. The car was more indicative than combat. During the tests, it was noted that sloths could not withstand firing with conventional mines, the gearbox was torn off its place, the chassis structure was destroyed, and other breakdowns and shortcomings were also noted. Refinement of the self-propelled mortar 2B1 "Oka" went on until 1960, when it was decided to finally stop work on this project and self-propelled gun 2A3.

The main reason for the curtailment of work on the project was the emergence of new tactical unguided missiles that could be installed on lighter tracked chassis with better maneuverability, which were cheaper and much easier to operate. An example is tactical missile system 2K6 "Moon". Despite the failure with the Oka mortar, Soviet designers were able to use all the accumulated experience, including negative, in the design of similar artillery systems in the future. Which, in turn, allowed them to achieve high-quality new level designing various self-propelled artillery mounts.

Specifications 2B1 "Oka":
Dimensions: length (with gun) - 27.85 m, width - 3.08 m, height - 5.73 m.
Weight - 55.3 tons.
Booking - bulletproof.
The power plant is a V-12-6B liquid-cooled diesel engine with a power of 552 kW (750 hp).
Specific power - 13.6 hp / t.
The maximum speed on the highway is 30 km / h.
Cruising on the highway - 220 km.
Armament - 420-mm mortar 2B2, barrel length 47.5 calibers (about 20 m).
Rate of fire - 1 shot / 5 min.
Firing range - up to 45 km, using active-reactive ammunition.
Crew - 7 people.

The branch of pumped tank destroyers in the USSR will be subject to serious changes. In particular, a new TOP is introduced into the game: Object 268 4 variant. Consequently, the rest of the technique is shifted down, which leads to changes in some technical parameters. In addition, the weak and unplayable SU-101M1 will completely disappear from the branch. Let's see what awaits us.

Level 9: Object 263 performance characteristics, armament (a 122 mm M62-S2 gun is installed).

Level 8: SU-122-54. The description of the vehicle and weapons are also changed here. In particular, the PT is losing a 100mm D54s gun.

Level 7: SU-101. For the machine, it is also expected to change the performance characteristics and descriptions of equipment in the hangar. In addition, the PT loses two guns at once: a 122-mm D-25S model of 44 years, and a 122-mm M62-S2. Instead of them, more suitable weapons will be added.

Removed from the game, for vehicles below the seventh level, the change is not expected.

What is it for? The main goal of the developers is to optimize this branch of Soviet ATs for the current requirements of the game in order to make the gameplay more balanced and rich. Moreover, the introduction of a new tank into the game should arouse interest among tankers in this unpopular branch of development. Tanks with aft turrets require some skill to play, so many prefer to take the easier route.

In the early 1960s, it turned out that armor-piercing caliber shells of tank guns D-10T. D-25 and M-62, which were armed with medium tanks T-54 and T-55 and heavy tanks T-10 and T-10M, cannot penetrate either frontal armor, or hull, or turret american tank M60 and English "Chieftain". To combat these tanks, work was started in parallel in various directions: the creation of new sub-caliber and cumulative shells for old tank guns; new rifled and smooth-bore tank guns of 115-130 mm caliber; tank guided missiles, etc. One of the elements of this program was the 152-mm self-propelled artillery mount SU-152 (object 120), development code ("Taran") ...

The artillery system for it was designed at the Design Bureau of Plant No. 172, and the chassis was designed at the Sverdlovsk Transport Engineering Plant ( chief designer Efimov). Prototype self-propelled guns SU-152 "Taran" (object 120) was manufactured in 1965 and was a fully enclosed vehicle with a fighting compartment in the stern, and the engine and transmission in the bow. Chassis and power plant self-propelled guns borrowed from the SU-152P.

The M-69 gun with a monoblock barrel 9045 mm long (59.5 klb) is placed in a rotating turret in the aft part of the self-propelled guns. Its horizontal guidance is carried out by turning the tower using an electric drive, and vertical - by a hydraulic drive. The gun is equipped with an ejector mounted in the muzzle of the barrel: when fired, the powder gases filled its receiver and then, when the pressure in it and in the bore after the projectile was ejected, they rushed to the muzzle through inclined nozzles, pulling out those gases that were still remained in the treasury. The ejector action time was regulated by ball valves of the receiver filling channels.

The gun could fire 43.5 kg high-explosive fragmentation shells, 12.5 kg sub-caliber armor-piercing shells, and HEAT shells. For firing high-explosive fragmentation projectiles, two types of charges were used: full - weighing 10.7 kg, and reduced - weighing 3.5 kg. For an armor-piercing projectile, a special charge weighing 9.8 kg was used. Armor-piercing shells were capable of penetrating armor up to 295 mm thick from a distance of up to 3500 m. The range of a direct shot was 2050 m at a target height of 2 m and 2500 m at a target height of 3 m. , in the dark - a periscope night sight. The total transportable ammunition load of self-propelled guns was 22 rounds. The composition of additional weapons included a 14.5-mm machine gun, as well as 2 AK-47 and 20 hand grenades F-1.

The ACS hull was welded from rolled steel armor plates and divided into three compartments: power (motor-transmission), control compartment and combat. The thickness of the front hull plate was 30 mm. According to the tactical and technical requirements, the frontal armor of the hull and turret was supposed to protect the self-propelled guns from being hit by armor-piercing shells of 57 mm caliber with an impact speed of 950 m / s.

The SU-152 Taran (object 120) was not accepted into service. The main reason for this was the creation of effective alternative anti-tank weapons - the 125-mm D-81 smoothbore gun and anti-tank guided missiles.

When creating the SU-152 Taran, the designers used a lot of new and original engineering solutions. Many of them came in handy later, in the 60s, when creating the next generation of self-propelled artillery.

Combat mass.t 27
Crew. people four
Overall dimensions, mm:
body length 6870
width 3120
height 2820
Booking, mm:
hull forehead 30
Armament 152 mm gun M-69
Ammunition 22 rounds
Engine B-54-105, 12-cylinder, V-shaped. Liquid-cooled 4-stroke diesel, power 294 kW at 2000 rpm
Maximum speed on the highway, km / h 63.4
Range on the highway, km 280

performance characteristics

Name ZIS-30

USSR country

Weight 4000 kg

Type of machine ACS

Engine power 50 hp

Max. Speed ​​42.98 km/h

Hull armor thickness 10/7/- (mm)

Turret armor thickness -/-/- (mm)

Free repair time 0 h 24 min

Maximum repair price* 200 s.l.

Machine price* 2100 s.l.

Description

ZIS-30 (57 mm anti-tank gun) - Soviet light anti-tank self-propelled gun open type. Created by a team of developers of plant No. 92 under the leadership of P. F. Muravyov. Machines of this brand were mass-produced at artillery plant No. 92 in the second half of 1941 by open installation of the ZIS-2 anti-tank gun on the T-20 Komsomolets artillery tractor. In total, about 100 ZIS-30 self-propelled guns were produced, which participated in the battles of 1941-1942. and were well received by the troops due to the effectiveness of the ZIS-2 gun. However, due to the small number, breakdowns and combat losses, they did not have any noticeable impact on the course of the war.

Strong and weak sides cars

Powerful weapons at the level (even with 3 ranks in

able to stretch)

High speed and mobility (the only thing that saves

in case of a hasty evacuation or if someone left you

go around him with a brazen jerk forward and go from behind)

Rank 1 (Which fully makes him a monster at his level)

Colossally small armor (especially the cabin with a cannon)

Small ammo load (20 rounds with a healthy loader, sold like hot cakes)

Incredibly easily incapacitated crew (with a thin armor thickness, there’s nothing to say here)

Poor gun balance (takes a long time to stabilize after stopping)

Armament

Cannon 57 mm ZIS-2, 1 machine gun 7.62 mm DT.

With average parameters, rate of fire and penetration. Good accuracy (for pt this is normal)

Main armament 57mm ZIS-2

Reload time: 5.9 sec

Ammo: 20 rounds

Vertical aiming angles: -4°/22°

shells:

BR-271 Armor-piercing blunt chamber shell

Weight: 3.1 kg

Initial speed: 990 m/s

Armor penetration: 10m - 115mm 500m - 95mm 1000m - 91mm 2000m - 60mm

BR-271K Armor-piercing sharp-headed chamber projectile

Weight: 3.1 kg

Initial speed: 990 m/s

Armor penetration: 10m - 122mm 500m - 101mm 1000m - 79mm 2000m - 50mm

O-271 High-explosive fragmentation projectile

Weight: 3.7 kg

Armor protection and survivability

Forehead, mm: 10

Board, mm: 7

Feed, mm: 7

Modules and improvements

Mobility

security

Firepower

History of creation and combat use

The shortage of anti-tank self-propelled units Soviet army began to experience at the very beginning of the Great Patriotic War. In July 1941, the High Command issued a decree in as soon as possible develop self-propelled guns armed with a 57-mm ZiS-2 cannon. At plant No. 52, a group of designers was urgently assembled, headed by engineer P.F. Muravyov, and a month later the serial assembly of the ZiS-30 self-propelled guns began. The car was a caterpillar tractor "Komsomolets", which housed anti-tank gun ZiS-2 designed by V.G. Grabin. The engine was located in the aft part of the self-propelled gun, and in the front - the transmission and controls. The front hull plate also had a 7.62 mm DT defensive machine gun. In total, about 100 ZiS-30 self-propelled guns were produced, which were literally distributed piece by piece among the tank brigades of the Western Front. For the first time, these self-propelled guns were used during the Battle of Moscow, where they proved to be excellent, successfully destroying any type of German tanks and armored vehicles. However, over time, the shortcomings of the ZiS-30 were also revealed. The car was extremely unstable, the undercarriage was overloaded (especially the rear rollers), the armor also left much to be desired. In addition, the self-propelled guns had a small power reserve and a scanty portable ammunition load, which amounted to only 20 shells. Nevertheless, despite all the shortcomings, the ZiS-30 continued to participate in battles until the summer of 1942, when there were practically no vehicles left in the troops. Some of the machines failed due to technical breakdowns, the rest were lost in battle. However, due to their small number, the ZiS-30 self-propelled guns did not have any noticeable effect on the course of the war.