Average temperature in Brazil. Climate zones of brazil

26.07.2013

Brazil is the largest country in South America. In addition, it is one of the five largest countries in the world. In terms of area, this country is second only to Russia, the USA, China and Canada. The vast expanses of Brazil amaze with the diversity of nature. Everything is here: tropical forests, impenetrable jungles, majestic mountains, waterfalls of unique beauty, arid deserts, full-flowing rivers, cozy bays and wonderful golden beaches. The climate in Brazil is no less diverse.

The main part of the country is located between the equator and the southern tropic. This has a significant impact on climatic features. In addition, an important role is played by the fact that almost the entire area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe state rises significantly above sea level. Therefore, almost throughout the entire territory, the only exceptions are the extreme southern regions, the weather is very hot.

The average annual temperature in Brazil is from +14.7 to +28.3ºС. Maximum temperature seen in the northern part. The closer to the south, the lower it is. The highest average annual rates are registered in the Middle and Eastern Amazon. And the lowest - in the central part of the states of Santa Catarina and Parana. Winter frosts are not uncommon here, although residents of other regions are characterized only by positive thermometer readings.

Annual temperature fluctuations are very small. For the northern regions, this figure is one and a half - two and a half degrees, for areas located in the Brazilian highlands - four to seven degrees, for states in the eastern part of the country - two to six degrees. The maximum annual temperature fluctuations are central regions(12 ºС).

Quite different indicators of temperature fluctuations during the season or day. Moreover, they differ greatly depending on the location of the area. For example, if in the Amazon this value is in the range of 5-6ºС, then in southern regions is 40ºС.

Influence the climate in Brazil and regular rainy seasons. This country is distinguished by an increased amount of precipitation falling during the year. The annual average for all states is often higher than 1000 millimeters. It rains most abundantly in the Eastern and Western Amazon. Here the annual rainfall is 2000 millimeters. The driest is the northeast (less than 500 millimeters).

From early October to late April, there is a long rainy season. At this time, the humidity of the air rises significantly. The northeast coast is characterized by autumn and winter rains. But in the southern part of the state, precipitation is evenly distributed throughout the year.

Climatic conditions in Brazil are less uniform. The country lies in the equatorial, subtropical and tropical zones. The country is constantly hot and humid, with almost no seasonal changes. Climatic conditions were influenced by a combination of mountains and plains, as well as other natural features terrain. The most arid regions of Brazil are in the north and east, where precipitation reaches up to 600 mm per year.

In Rio de Janeiro, the warmest month is February with a temperature of +26 degrees, and the most cold weather happens in July, when the heat drops to +20 degrees. For us, this weather is unusual not only because of the heat, but because of the high level of humidity.

equatorial belt in brazil

The area where the Amazon Basin is located lies in equatorial climate. There is high humidity and a large number of precipitation. About 3000 mm falls here annually. The highest temperatures here are from September to December and reach +34 degrees Celsius. From January to May, the average temperature is +28 degrees, and at night it drops to +24. rainy season here lasts from January to May. In general, frosts never occur in this area, as well as dry periods.

Subtropical zone in Brazil

Most of country lies in subtropical climate. From May to September, the highest temperatures are recorded in the territory, exceeding +30 degrees. And during this period, it almost never rains. During the rest of the year, the temperature drops by only a couple of degrees. There is much more rainfall. Sometimes it rains all December. There is about 200 mm of precipitation per year. Always in this area high level moisture to circulate air currents from the Atlantic.

Tropical climate in Brazil

The tropical zone is considered the coldest climate in Brazil, located on the Atlantic coast of the country. The lowest temperatures were recorded in Porto Alegre and Curitibu. It is +17 degrees Celsius. Temperature regime winter varies from +24 to +29 degrees. Precipitation is negligible: there can be about three rainy days in one month.

In general, the climate of Brazil is quite uniform. It's warm and wet summer period, as well as dry and barely cool winters. The country is located in the tropical, subtropical and equatorial zones. Here such weather, which are not suitable for all people, but only for connoisseurs of warmth.

In South America, the largest state in terms of area is the Federative Republic of Brazil. It ranks fifth in the world. Located in the center and on the eastern part of the mainland. The length from north to south is 4320 km, from east to west - 4328 km. The area is 8512 thousand km 2.
Brazil has borders with Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Uruguay, Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia, Colombia and Peru. The land border is 16 thousand km, and the coastline is 7.4 thousand km. In the east, the country is washed by the Atlantic Ocean. It has several islands that are part of its territory.
About 40% of the country's territory is plains and lowlands. North and east - the Amazonian lowland, it gradually passes into the Guiana Highlands.
The Brazilian plateau (plateau) is located in the center and south of the country. It is traversed by river valleys and mountain ranges: Sierra da Mantiqueira, Sierra do Mar and Sierra Geral up to 1200 m, but there are peaks reaching 2200 m (Mount Bandeira - 2890 m, Nedra Aku - 2232 m).
The south and southwest of the country is a swampy area, part of the Laplat lowland, nicknamed the Pantanal.
There are 10 rivers in Brazil that are included in the list of the longest rivers in the world. The Amazon is the largest navigable river on the planet, passing through the north of the Brazilian plateau, and in the south through the plateau - the Uruguay and Parana rivers, in the west through the plateau - the river. Paraguay and tributaries of the Parana. It is believed that it contains 20% of the total fresh water planets. A huge part of the river area is occupied by swamps and jungles.
The San Francisco River flows through the east of the country, and the northeast and eastern part are fed by rivers that originate in the Atlantic Ocean.
As a rule, all these rivers have dangerous rapids and waterfalls, the most famous of them - Iguazu on a tributary of the river. Parana and on the river Urubupunga and Seti-Kedas, Paulo Afonso on the river. San Francisco. Navigation is possible on some sections of the rivers.
Brazil is one of the leaders in timber reserves, as 38% of the entire territory of Brazil is forests. Growing on the territory equatorial forests, savanna woodlands, dry shrubs, evergreen deciduous and mixed forests. In total there are more than 20 national parks.

Climate of Brazil

Spring in Brazil lasts from September 22 to December 21, summer from December 22 to March 21, autumn from March 22 to June 21 and winter from June 22 to September 21.
The climate varies from humid equatorial to seasonally humid subtropical. The temperature in January is from 23 to 29 ° C, in July - from 16 to 24 ° C. During the year, a very large amount of precipitation falls - over 1000 mm.
It is extremely difficult for Europeans to withstand the climate of Brazil. High temperatures, humidity in coastal areas, abundance of precipitation - all this affects well-being and pastime. In the warmest month - February - the temperature in Rio de Janeiro is + 26 ° C, and in the coldest (July) - + 20 ° C.
Summers in the Brazilian highlands are warm and humid, while winters are cool and dry. Temperature in winter period about 19-26°C, and precipitation occurs only at high altitudes, where the temperature is about 19-18°C.
It rarely snows in the state of São Paulo and in the mountains of the southern states. Cold cyclones cannot reach the continent, as they warm up over coastal waters. Precipitation in the Amazonian lowlands falls in the amount of 1800-2300 mm per year, as a rule, these are showers.

Since Brazil is located in the southern hemisphere, the seasons in the country are opposite to those in the northern hemisphere. When it's summer in Europe, it's winter in Brazil. However, even in winter, cold weather is rare in Brazil.

Brazil has several climatic zones which can be described as tropical and subtropical. Brazil's climate types and related characteristics are determined by the country's position in relation to the Atlantic Ocean, the Brazilian highlands, the Andes west of Brazil, and the Amazon. Throughout the Amazon region and in the northern uplands of Brazil, the climate is tropical. In the region southeast of the mouth of the Amazon River and throughout the western region of the Amazon, the climate is humid tropical. The rest of the Amazon has a tropical monsoon climate, due to the region experiencing a distinct wet (monsoon) period. The region between the Amazon and the imaginary line between the Pantanal and Rio de Janeiro has a tropical savannah climate. In the higher regions in central Brazil, the climate is partly temperate savannah. In the interior regions in the east of the country, the climate is predominantly warm steppe. In the coastal region between Salvador and Rio de Janeiro, the climate is tropical monsoonal and humid tropical. In the southern part of Brazil, the climate is warm maritime, with warm summer, and mild winters (regions of Parana, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul, and Sao Paulo). AT winter time the air temperature here can drop to 10 degrees Celsius and below, so this region does not have a tropical climate.

Rain in Brazil

There is no lack of rain in Brazil. Especially a lot of rain falls in tropical forests Amazon and in the eastern tip of Brazil (in the area around Recife). In the western and eastern parts The Amazon receives a lot of rain every year. The wettest regions receive 2,000 to 4,000 millimeters of rainfall per year. In these regions, rain falls in equal amounts throughout the year. The central Amazon is less humid, with rainfall of 1,500 to 2,000 millimeters per year. During the winter months (July to September), there is less rain than during the monsoon season, and for this reason, this region receives less rain per year than other regions. The rest of Brazil receives approximately 1,000 millimeters of rain per year, and generally the rest of the country experiences wet and dry seasons. However, there are differences between different regions. The Ceará region in the northeast is slightly drier than the surrounding regions.

Warm climate conditions in Brazil

Brazil - warm country. In large regions of Brazil, the air temperature is tropical values ​​​​of 30-33 degrees Celsius throughout the year. Nighttime temperatures are usually just over 20 degrees Celsius. In the southern part of Brazil, conditions are somewhat cooler in winter, with temperatures averaging a pleasant 20-28 degrees Celsius during the day, but dropping to a chilly 5-10 degrees Celsius at night. In the coastal region between Rio de Janeiro and Salvador, the temperature is 5-8 degrees higher. Temperatures below freezing are rare in Brazil. Only at the highest peaks can the temperature drop below zero.

The climate of Brazil in different cities of the country

The table below shows the average minimum and maximum air temperatures in different cities and locations in Brazil throughout the year.

Impenetrable jungle, winding full-flowing rivers, exotic animals, warm sea and the most famous beaches - this is how the description of Brazil usually sounds. It is also one of largest countries world by area, leader in the cultivation of coffee and sugar cane. Want to know more? In this article, we will talk about the main characteristics of Brazil.

General information

The Federative Republic of Brazil is one of largest states in the world. With an area of ​​8,515,770 km², it occupies approximately 5.7% of the entire land area of ​​the Earth. Where is Brazil located? It is located on the continent of South America. From the east and partly from the north, the country is washed by the Atlantic Ocean. In addition to Ecuador and Chile, it borders on all countries on the mainland.

Brazil has 212 million people. In the past, it was a colony of Portugal, and now it is one of the few states in the world where Portuguese is the official language. The country gained independence in 1822 and has been on its own ever since.

Favorable for Agriculture Brazil's climate, subsoil rich in minerals, and a skillfully built economy have made it the most developed among the Mercosur countries, and indeed throughout Latin America. The republic exports coffee, orange juice, sugar, soybeans, iron ore, niobium, steel, footwear, manufactures automobiles, aviation and computer equipment.

Climate of Brazil

The country has equatorial, subtropical and tropical natural zones. Although this is too rough division. In general, Brazil's climate can be described as hot and humid, with average temperature nationally 20 °C. However, even within one natural zone, it varies greatly and changes from northwest to southeast.

In the area of ​​the Amazonian lowland, conditions practically do not change throughout the year. Average temperatures fluctuate by a maximum of 2-3 degrees and stay at the level of 24-26 °C. Humidity in this region is extremely high (80-98%), and showers last 18 days a year, without stopping from season to season.

A similar type of climate covers the entire coast, but here it is also influenced by Atlantic Ocean. Rainfall is half that of the Amazon, and temperatures range from 18 to 26 °C. On the southeastern coast, precipitation intensifies by summer, on the northeastern coast - by autumn and winter.

On the Brazilian and Guiana plateaus, along the outskirts of the Amazonian lowland, the climate varies by season. Winters are usually dry and relatively cool. Summer, on the contrary, is humid and warm. The dry season lasts for about 5 months a year with extremely little rainfall.

The driest place in Brazil is the extreme northeast. Here, average temperatures reach 27 ° C, rain falls irregularly and extremely rarely. In the high-altitude areas of the Atlantic Plateau, the climate of Brazil is also not easy. It usually rains in the summer. The temperature rises to a maximum of 22 °C. In winter, there are even frosts.

Relief

The relief of Brazil is uneven and is represented by alternating hills, mountains and valleys. The lowlands are located in the northwest of the country. It covers the Amazon Valley and covers an area of ​​1.8 km2.

To the northeast, the lowland passes into the Guiana Highlands. In the south, east and in the center is the Brazilian Plateau. Its heights increase to the east and range from 500 to 2000 meters. The highest point, Mount Bandeira, reaches 2897 meters.

The Atlantic Plain stretches along the coast. Near the ocean, it is represented by swamps, sandy beaches and lagoons. To the southwest is the vast Pantanal, a floodplain that is used as pasture.

The biggest river

The territory where Brazil is located is covered by a dense river system. Most of the country belongs to the Amazon Basin, stretching across four more countries. This is the most deep river with the world's largest swimming pool.

The Amazon stretches for almost 7,000 km and, together with all its tributaries, covers
7,180,000 km². Its regime is influenced by ocean tidal waves. Periodically, the river overflows its banks, flooding the valley within 90 km.

The northern and southern tributaries of the river are located in different hemispheres, which affected its full flow. When the floods end on one side, they begin on the other. The yellow and muddy Amazon annually replenishes the World Ocean with 7 thousand cubic meters of water. Its flow is 15% of the total flow of all the rivers of the planet.

From wet forests to desert cacti

Brazil's vegetation is as diverse as its climate and topography. In the Amazonian lowland, moist equatorial selva forests grow, represented by ferns, mosses, lianas, orchids, cocoa, tallest trees with a crown branching only at the top. The largest water lilies in the world are also found here.

In the extreme northeast, where there is too little rainfall, there are only low shrubs and cacti. Mangrove trees grow in the mouths of the rivers along the coast. The Brazilian highlands are covered with tropical and subtropical species that shed their leaves during a drought.

In addition, there are savannas, prairies, araucaria and gallery forests in the country. More than 100 species of palms grow on its territory, 400 valuable breeds trees, cereals, reeds, sedges, all kinds of herbs and flowers.

Animal world

Brazil occupies one of the first places in terms of the number of amphibians, birds and reptiles living on its lands. There are many exotic and rare species. But due to human activities, most of them are on the verge of extinction.

In the waters of the Amazon River, piranhas are found that can eat a large animal in just a few minutes. This is where many come from. aquarium species fish, such as angelfish, guppies, swordtails. In the Amazonian jungle you can find caimans, tapirs, cougars, leopards, saimir and guariba monkeys.

Brazil is home to the world's smallest rodent, the capybara, about a meter in size. Also, there is an anaconda snake, or a water boa, which may well swallow a caiman or a whole boar.