Biography of Valentina Tereshkova: the path to a brilliant career, personal life. Flight into space of female cosmonaut V.V.
TERESHKOVA Valentina Vladimirovna- the world's first female astronaut. Born on March 6, 1937 in the village of Maslennikovo, Tutaevsky district, Yaroslavl region, into a family of collective farmers. My father worked as a tractor driver, my mother did housework and worked on a collective farm.
During the Great Patriotic War, the father died at the front, and the mother and three children moved to the city of Yaroslavl. There little Valya went to school. She graduated from a seven-year school, then an evening school for working youth.
At the end of June 1954, she came to work at the Yaroslavl Tire Plant in the assembly shop as a cutter. In 1955, she moved to the Yaroslavl technical fabrics plant "Krasny Perekop", where she worked as a bracelet maker.
In 1956 she entered the Yaroslavl Correspondence College of Light Industry. In addition to working and studying at the technical school, she attended a local flying club, went in for parachuting, and made 163 parachute jumps. She was awarded the first rank in parachuting.
At the Krasny Perekop plant she joined the Komsomol, and in 1960 she was elected secretary Komsomol organization plant. In 1960 she graduated from the Yaroslavl Correspondence College of Light Industry. She worked as a liberated secretary of the Komsomol committee of the Yaroslavl industrial textile plant "Krasny Perekop" until 1962, when she was enrolled in the corps of Soviet cosmonauts (1962 Group of Women Cosmonauts No. 1).
Passed full course preparation for flights on Vostok-type ships. On June 16 - 19, 1963, she was the first woman in the world to fly into space on the Vostok-6 spacecraft. The flight was quite difficult, and this was probably one of the reasons that the woman’s next flight into space took place only 19 years later. The flight duration was 2 days 22 hours 50 minutes.
After her flight, she continued to undergo training in the cosmonaut corps, but most Social work began to take up time. Tereshkova had to make many trips to the cities of the USSR and to many countries of the world.
At the end of 1963, her wedding took place with cosmonaut Andriyan Grigorievich Nikolaev. It is believed that this marriage was largely artificial; it was pushed towards it both by medical scientists, who wanted to continue the research begun in space on the behavior of the human body during and after the flight, and by the leaders of the Soviet state, primarily Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev, who sought to arrange This wedding is another propaganda stunt. Whether this is true or not, the wedding took place.
In 1964, a daughter, Elena, was born into the “space” family. After existing for several years, the marriage broke up.
Simultaneously with work at the Cosmonaut Training Center, active social activities and classes with her little daughter, Tereshkova entered the Military Engineering Academy named after N.E. Zhukovsky, which she successfully graduated in 1969, receiving the specialty of pilot-cosmonaut-engineer.
She was actively involved in the cosmonaut corps until 1968, when the women's group was disbanded. However, she continued to be a member of the cosmonaut corps until 1987, and in 1985 the possibility of her re-flight into space was even considered.
Since 1968, he has been working in Soviet, and later Russian, public organizations. From 1968 to 1987 she was the chairman of the Soviet Women's Committee.
In 1987 - 1992 - Chairman of the Presidium of the Union of Soviet Societies for Friendship and Cultural Relations with foreign countries. In 1992 she was the chairman of the presidium Russian Association international cooperation.
In 1992 - 1995 - First Deputy Chairman of the Russian Agency for International Cooperation and Development. Since 1995 - Chairman of the Interdepartmental Council for Coordinating the Activities of Russian Centers of Science and Culture Abroad. Member of the Central Committee of the CPSU from 1971 to 1990.
Deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR from 1966 to 1989. Member of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR from 1974 to 1989. Vice-President of the International Democratic Federation of Women in 1969 - 1987. She was a member of the World Peace Council and an honorary member of many organizations. Candidate technical sciences(1976). Major General of Aviation.
Hero Soviet Union. Awarded two Orders of Lenin, the Order October revolution, Order of the Red Banner of Labor, Order of Friendship of Peoples, medals. Tereshkova was awarded the title Hero of Socialist Labor of Czechoslovakia, Hero People's Republic Bulgaria, Hero of Labor Democratic Republic Vietnam, Hero of the Mongolian People's Republic. Awarded the Frédéric Joliot-Curie Gold Peace Medal, the UN Gold Peace Medal, the K. E. Tsiolkovsky Gold Medal of the USSR Academy of Sciences, the British Society for Interplanetary Communications Gold Medal for Achievement in Space Exploration, the Space Gold Medal (FAI) , the Order of the Wind Rose with a diamond of the International Committee for Aeronautics and Space Flight, the Order of Karl Marx (GDR), Georgiy Dimitrov (Bulgaria), the Grunwald Cross of the first class (Poland), the Order of the Banner of the first class with diamonds (Hungary), the Order of Sukhoi Bator (Mongolia), the Order of Playa Giron (Cuba) and many others.
Honorable Sir cities of Kaluga, Yaroslavl (Russia), Karaganda (Kazakhstan), Vitebsk (Belarus), Montreux, Drancy (France), Montgomery (Great Britain), Polizzi-Generosa (Italy), Darkhan (Mongolia), Sofia, Petrich, Stara Zagora, Pleven, Varna (Bulgaria).
A crater on the Moon is named after Tereshkova.
Valentina Tereshkova became the first and this moment the last woman, honored to go into space without a partner. Taking full responsibility for spaceflight, she was later promoted to major general. In Russia, this is the only case when a representative of the fairer sex receives such status. It was in this rank that the woman ended her career when she retired. At that time, Valentina was 60 years old. Leaving a legendary example to follow, she is an important figure not only in the minds and hearts of the citizens of the Soviet Union, but also in world history. You will learn the biography of Valentina Tereshkova (briefly) from the article.
Early years, family
Tereshkova was born in the Yaroslavl region. The family of the future heroine of astronautics lived in Bolshoye Maslennikovo. Valentina's ancestors are peasants of Belarusian origin. The parents are ordinary representatives of the middle class: the mother worked in a textile factory, and the father worked as a tractor driver. Valentina's family lost their breadwinner early, who was called up for service during Soviet-Finnish war. As part of the military battles, the man died tragically.
Youth
The future space explorer enjoyed studying. In addition to success at school, the girl developed ear for music, honing his skills in playing the dombra. Having received a basic education after 7 years of schooling, Tereshkova decided to help her mother, who was trying her best to provide for her family and create decent conditions for the normal development of her daughter. Having made a decision, Valentina headed to the Yaroslavl Tire Factory, where she received the position of bracelet maker. The girl did not want to quit her studies, so after her work shift she hurried to evening school, where she continued to receive her education.
On the way to a brilliant career as an astronaut
Future cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova entered the correspondence department at a technical school, where she studied light industry. Studying was easy for the girl, but it did not bring much pleasure. Difficult life circumstances did not allow Tereshkova to enjoy simple student life. For several years, Valentina worked at Krasny Perekop, a plant located close to the girl’s technical school. There she worked as a weaver, which Tereshkova could not call her dream profession.
In search of a hobby that could distract her from the boredom of the poor gray people, the future cosmonaut discovered parachuting. Within the city limits, Valentina found a flying club, where she began to appear regularly, impressing everyone with her fearlessness and willingness to conquer new heights. The new hobby played an important role in Valentina’s fate.
Meeting with Korolev
As her biography testifies, Valentina Tereshkova quickly achieved good results in parachuting and did not intend to stop there. Thanks to a fortunate coincidence of circumstances at this time, Sergei Korolev, a famous Soviet scientist, suggested to his superiors new project, whose main goal was a woman’s space travel. The scientist’s idea was approved, and in the early 60s the selection of applicants for the title of “woman astronaut” began. There were many who wanted to receive the proud title, but the criteria for ladies were strict: no taller than 1.70 centimeters tall, no older than 30 years old, Weight Limit- 70 kilograms.
Among hundreds of candidates, Valentina Vladimirovna was singled out almost immediately. Her main rivals were Zhanna Erekina, Irina Solovyova, Valentina Ponomareva and Tatyana Kuznetsova.
After meeting Korolev, Tereshkova was determined to win the fight for the opportunity to fly into space. But the path to the goal was not easy.
Military service
The main contenders for the title of cosmonaut were called up for service, where, in the status of privates, they began to actively prepare for future exams. Valentina had to begin training as part of the cosmonaut training program with the rank of student of the second detachment. She quickly improved her position, demonstrating her willingness to learn and develop in her chosen direction during the examination period. This allowed her to move to the first squad.
During the training, the selected applicants tried to increase the body's resistance to flight conditions in outer space. Important components of the training were lessons in moving in a zero-gravity environment, testing physical capabilities bodies in a thermal chamber, performing training with parachutes, learning how to use a spacesuit. An important role was also played by the test in a chamber isolated from outside noise (audio chamber), where all applicants for the title of “cosmonaut” spent 10 days. This test gave women an idea of what it was like to be in space completely alone, which is difficult for humans, as social creatures, to get used to.
Successful completion of tests
After passing all the exams, Korolev had to make a difficult choice, relying not only on the exam results, physical and moral readiness to fly into space, but also on factors such as:
- Origin.
- The ability to be an active public figure glorifying the party of the communist movement.
Based on the results of exams and medical examinations, all women had an equal chance of becoming the winner of the selection. In terms of origin, Tereshkova had a clear advantage. It was beneficial for the project leaders to send a woman who represented the working class into space. The fact that Valentna's father is a war hero also helped.
But the decisive factor was Tereshkova’s ability to speak in front of an audience. She was not embarrassed by the journalists and their questions. The woman knew how to find the right answers and could remember in time about the party and the greatness of communism. This allowed Valentina to receive the title of the main candidate for space travel. The reserve candidates were Ponamareva and Solovyova.
Spacewalk
Valentina Tereshkova's flight took place in early summer in 1963. On one of the days, which later became significant, she started from Baikonur - it was June 16. For the three-day trip she was provided with the Vostok 6 ship. The takeoff made by Tereshkova, and the way she voiced reports about the launch, allows specialists to consider the activities of Valentina Vladimirovna along with the work done by the most experienced and successful cosmonauts - representatives of the stronger sex.
After the successful launch of the ship, no one expected that Valentina would experience some difficulties during the flight. The main problem was the woman’s poor health. Despite the fact that she moved little, she maintained contact with Tereshkova ground station properly, in accordance with all regulations. Weakened health did not become a reason for Valentina to return home to Earth earlier than planned. Having completed 48 revolutions around the planet, she carefully filled out the logbook and began the landing operation.
The landing did not go according to plan due to a malfunction of the ship's equipment. Problems with the wires placed in the control system prevented Valentina from manually coordinating the ship. But the woman still managed to land him, albeit in automatic mode.
Criticism Queen
"Vostok 6" landed on the ground in the territory Altai Territory, where Valentina Vladimirovna was greeted by local residents who were in a hurry to feed the hero, offering the best of their usual, traditional food. In return, Tereshkova gave away her own food, which she was provided with before the flight. This behavior was not approved by Sergei Korolev, who also reacted ambiguously to Tereshkova’s health problems and her decision to orient the ship to land automatically. The man was extremely dissatisfied with the heroine’s completed mission and promised himself to never again be involved in projects involving female astronauts.
Career after flight
Valentina Tereshkova went into space only once. After a successful space journey, she began working in the cosmonaut training department, where she worked as an instructor and participated in a number of projects as a research assistant. Tereshkova found her calling and decided to actively develop in this direction, so she entered the Zhukovsky Air Force Engineering Academy, after which she received the title of professor. This allowed the woman to write several works significant for science. The heroine of astronautics has repeatedly spoken about her readiness to go to Mars, even if the trip is planned one way.
After the sensational flight, the woman became interested in politics. For a long time, Valentina Tereshkova, whose photo you can see in the article, was a member communist party and an important public figure. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the woman began to represent United Russia, and after resigning, she was elected as a deputy of the regional Duma in her native region.
In 2014, a woman was honored to head a charitable foundation. This allowed her to open several large educational institutions on the territory of Yaroslavl. In the same year, Valentina Tereshkova became the guest of honor at the opening ceremony Olympic Games, which took place in Sochi.
Personal life
The year 1963 became important for Valentina Vladimirovna Tereshkova not only because space flight. In 1963, Valentina married her colleague Adriyan Nikolaev. Nikita Khrushchev himself was present at the lovers’ wedding. In this marriage, the woman gave birth to a girl, who received the name Elena. When the daughter reached adulthood, the couple decided to divorce. Later, the first female cosmonaut admitted that Adrian was often tyrannical towards her, which was especially noticeable when the couple became public.
Valentina’s second chosen one is Yuliy Shaposhnik, a man who achieved great heights in the military medical service. Major General, an important and influential man quickly found mutual language with daughter Tereshkova. The couple has no children together, but this did not bother the lovers. Soon both began to enjoy the role of grandparents. Elena, the only heir of the great female cosmonaut, was married twice, both times to pilots.
Valentina Tereshkova now
In 2017 legendary woman celebrated her anniversary, she turned 80 years old. Active political and public figure, a retired major general, smart and inspiring, she pays a lot of attention to her family, tries to spend more time with her grandchildren, but does not give up on developing in her professional field. Since 2016, Valentina Vladimirovna has been a State Duma deputy. Having the opportunity to do something good for her home region, the woman astronaut began improving infrastructure, beautifying the city, and building industrial and educational organizations.
Retirement age does not prevent Tereshkova from leading active image life. In 2004, on the advice of doctors, the woman decided to have surgery. Surgical intervention allowed Tereshkova to avoid a heart attack. Since that time, Valentin Vladimirovna has not complained about her health, but looking at her success in political career, we can safely conclude that the legendary cosmonaut’s health is fine.
A year earlier, in March 2017, the first woman to be in space celebrated another milestone.
Major General Tereshkova is still the only representative of the fair sex in the world who has been in space alone without a crew. Having written her name in the history of world cosmonautics, Valentina Vladimirovna retired at the age of sixty, having the honorary title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
Early years
Valentina was born in the spring, two days ahead of the wonderful spring holiday of March 8th.
The father of the future legendary personality was a tractor driver and died during battles during the Soviet-Finnish war. The heroine’s mother worked in the textile industry. She was born in the Yaroslavl region in the village of Bolshoye Maslennikovo.
- At school, young Valya studied well; among other successes, the girl had excellent hearing, learning to play the dombra.
- Having finished schooling, which lasted seven years, Valentina got a job at a tire factory in Yaroslavl. So, the young bracelet-maker decided to make her contribution to help the family. Working days did not prevent the girl from continuing her studies at the school for working youth.
- The next step was getting a profession. Valentina entered distance learning to the technical school of light industry, combining study with work. For more than six years, the future space explorer worked as a weaver at a mill.
- At twenty-two years old, a young and active girl is interested in parachuting. While visiting the flying club, with great pleasure Valentina Vladimirovna made more than one fearless bird's eye jump.
Woman and space
It comes together in a completely unexpected way further fate this amazing young woman. At age twenty-five, a young skydiver is selected to train as the first woman to fly into space. The parachutist's age and physical parameters met the requirements for candidates. The initiative came from the scientist Korolev; in addition to Tereshkova, four more candidates were selected for the zero-gravity flight.
All cosmonaut candidates were called up to serve in Soviet army, received the rank of private and immediately began training. Nine months of hard training were not in vain. In addition to physical training, all selected candidates had to spend ten days in a soundproof chamber, maintaining complete silence and solitude. By 1965, Valentina officially became a cosmonaut of the first detachment, having learned to fly airplanes, after listening to many lectures and completing great amount parachute jumping.
However, not only physical training was important for the correct selection of astronaut candidates. A woman astronaut had to have an active position, glorify the party and behave well in front of the public. Tereshkova possessed all these decisive qualities. The girl easily carried out social activities, her simple working background became an important advantage, and Valentina also coped well with practical classes and knew the necessary theory well.
A space flight
In June 1963, the first carefully trained woman was sent into space from the backup site of the Baikonur Cosmodrome. Valentina Tereshkova spent almost three days completely alone, in conditions of weightlessness. The specialists were satisfied with Tereshkova’s performance during the flight; many procedures and studies were performed, but Valentina Vladimirovna’s health was sluggish. At the same time, the space explorer kept all diaries and logbooks regularly and responsibly.
Problems arose due to difficulties in installing equipment, so Tereshkova was unable to orient the ship manually. They planted spacecraft using automatic mode. After the experiment, Korolev refused to send women into space in the future.
Further career
The flight was the first and last in the career of cosmonaut Tereshkova. Her further work was aimed at training astronauts.
In addition to the achievements described above, Valentina Vladimirovna became a professor and published more than fifty scientific papers.
Having retired in 1997, Valentina Vladimirovna continues her active social activities. Since the times of the Soviet Union, the legendary woman has been a member of the Communist Party. In the early 2000s, Tereshkova became a deputy of the Yaroslavl Regional Duma. Its activities are aimed to improve living conditions in their home region.
Personal
The brave woman has two marriages behind her. The first marriage was with cosmonaut Nikolaev and broke up in the early eighties. For the second time, Valentina Vladimirovna linked her fate with a medical worker with the rank of major general.
The first woman who set off to conquer interplanetary space back in 1963 was Valentina Vladimirovna Tereshkova. She piloted the spacecraft alone, thereby providing scientists with material to study the influence of various environmental factors on the female body.
To this day, the legendary female astronaut remains the first and only one who was ever able to control a spaceship without the help of other crew members. Valentina Tereshkova, whose name is forever inscribed in the history of the space industry in golden letters, in the eyes of many compatriots and people around the world remains an amazing and fragile woman with an iron character.
The woman who became a legendary figure in the field of astronautics and was the first to receive the rank of major general was born and raised in a family of ordinary workers. Valentina Tereshkova, whose biography will be described briefly in this publication, was born in one of the wonderful spring days– March 6, back in 1937. Read on to see how the life and career of Valentina Tereshkova, who received the status of “the first female cosmonaut,” developed further.
Early childhood and adolescence
The life path of the future Hero of the Soviet Union began in the village of Bolshoye Maslennikovo, located west of Yaroslavl, in the Tutaevsky district. The girl’s parents, who settled here, not only took care of the house, but also promoted industry in the country: her mother was in textiles, and her father was in agricultural production.
The family of the future cosmonaut devoted themselves entirely to work to put the country on its feet in the post-war period. Therefore, young Valya’s childhood was not as joyful as she would have liked. early years Valentina calls her life difficult childhood, the memories of which are associated with devastation, grief, despair and the pain of loss. The fact is that little Valya’s father died during hostilities during the Soviet-Finnish War (1939-1940).
Five years after the death of his father, when the Great Patriotic War, in 1945, Valentina Tereshkova entered school. But, alas, the girl did not have the chance to master the sciences perfectly. After 7 years she had to leave school. The reason for this was the difficult financial situation of the family, because Vali’s father died at the front, and it was difficult for his mother to run the household alone.
Therefore, the future cosmonaut Tereshkova, a few days after graduating from the seventh grade, leaves for the city of Yaroslavl, where he gets a job at a plant. But Valentina’s thirst for knowledge did not disappear. During the day she worked at a tire factory, and after work she ran to classes in the evening to master general program training among other working class people Soviet society. And already at that time, the future cosmonaut showed an interest in flying.
Vali's new hobby
Jumping from an airplane with a parachute was especially exciting and exciting for her. Having found out how many jumps she made in total, you may be surprised, because the number 163 (that’s how many times Valentina jumped with a parachute) is a very outstanding indicator even for a man, not to mention the fact that Valya was still a girl!
But classes at the flying club did not foretell the heights that Valentina Vladimirovna Tereshkova was able to achieve as a result.
By chance, paratrooper Valya Tereshkova learned about the idea of the famous Soviet designer and an active figure in the rocket and space industry, Sergei Korolev, to send a woman on a stellar journey. She almost immediately became eager to go on a long space flight. Moreover, Valentina Tereshkova is one of the few candidates who ideally meet the criteria by which Sergei Korolev and other project organizers conduct the selection. Namely:
- Height no more than 1 m 70 cm.
- Weight no more than 70 kg.
- Age not older than 30 years.
It must be said that those wishing to go on a journey to the stars, the exact duration of which is initial stage no selection was reported; there were practically no selections among Soviet women. Thus, Valentina Tereshkova became one of the candidates vying for a place as a pilot in the Vostok-6 spacecraft. As a result, only five girls made it through the selection process and were expected to undergo intensive training and lengthy theoretical studies at the space school.
But the most amazing thing was that she decided to hide the real purpose of leaving from her loved ones: before the flight into space, Valya simply told everyone that she was leaving for the next parachuting competition. Relatives learned about Tereshkova’s heroic journey as a fait accompli, having heard the news on the radio.
3 – 2 – 1… Start
In what year did the historic flight of the first female astronaut take place? In 1963, one June day. From that moment, the biography of Valentina Tereshkova began new round, where she is no longer just a parachutist and social activist, but also a woman who flew into space first and alone (that is, without a crew or crew).
Those who are interested in the detailed details of Valentina Vladimirovna’s journey among the stars, of course, want to know what the exact time of the astronaut’s flight was. It is worth noting that the length of stay of the first female pilot spaceship in orbit did not exceed three days. To be more precise, Valya Tereshkova spent on board the space aircraft Vostok-6 4850 minutes.
According to flight reports, the first woman in space circled our planet 48 times before piloting the spacecraft to its planned landing site. True, the equipment on the spacecraft began to fail several hours before the expected landing time. As a result of the failure, Valentina Tereshkova was unable to launch the Vostok-6 spacecraft to land using her own efforts. However, thanks to the automatic guidance function, the device was still landed on Earth, although many kilometers further from the intended landmark.
After an extreme landing and three days of fasting, Valya exchanged her supplies for food with local residents, which upset Sergei Korolev himself, who later stated that he no longer had a single representative female half humanity will not go to conquer outer space.
A little less than a quarter of a century will pass before a woman, second only to Valentina Vladimirovna Tereshkova, will fly into space again. But by that time, Sergei Korolev will already rest in the cemetery.
After the star journey
As we said earlier, a representative of the working class, at the age of 26, conquered space. And at the same age she got married, already holding the title of “the first woman to conquer the vastness of space.”
This marriage cracked about 5 years later, when the family already had Valentina Tereshkova’s daughter, Elena Adrianovna Nikolaeva. It is worth noting that she became the first child in the world whose mother and father flew into space.
Over time, life under the same roof with the “despot” (as Valentina Vladimirovna would call him a few years after the divorce) will become impossible, and the wife will leave, taking her daughter and filing an application for an official divorce from the astronaut.
Although Tereshkova’s personal life did not work out successfully the first time, happiness still awaited the astronaut. After an unsuccessful relationship with Adriyan, she met her second husband, Yuli Shaposhnikov, with whom she was unable to have children together. Julius had nothing to do with astronautics; he died on the eve of the new millennium, in 1999.
As for Valentina Tereshkova’s daughter, Elena also got married twice. And every time the pilot led her down the aisle:
- In the first case, it was I.A. Mayorov, who gave Elena her first son, Alexei (date of birth: 10/20/1995).
- In the second - Rodionov A.Yu., who became the father of Elena’s second son, Andrei (date of birth 06/18/2004).
The children bear the names of their fathers and are currently mastering science: the eldest is at Moscow State University, and the youngest is at school.
Having celebrated her next anniversary in March 2017, the eighty-year-old female cosmonaut Tereshkova is still engaged in active political and social activities. The main priorities in her life are family and grandchildren, with whom Valentina Vladimirovna likes to spend her time free time. Author: Elena Suvorova
Message about Valentina Tereshkova, the first woman to make a solo flight into space is outlined in this article.
Report “Valentina Tereshkova”
Valentina Tereshkova is truly a hero, because before her open space women didn't fly. Today she is a deputy of the State Duma with the rank of major general. Russian Federation, member of the Council " United Russia».
In general, Valentina Tereshkova’s life can be roughly divided into 2 parts - before and after the flight into space.
The future cosmonaut was born on March 6, 1937 in the village of Bolshoye Maslennikovo ( Yaroslavl region), in a peasant family. After studying at the 7th grade school, she began working at the Yaroslavl tire plant to help her family financially: her father died in the war and her mother had a hard time. But the girl did not give up her studies and graduated from evening school in 1955.
Tereshkova, working in the light industry, managed to study well, be a party activist and at the same time enjoy playing the domra and parachuting.
How did you prepare for the space flight?
At that time, Sergei Korolev initiated sending women into space. Valentina Tereshkova, together with Ponomareva and Solovyova, passed the selection. They were enrolled in the cosmonaut corps and, at the same time, for military service.
The training was difficult and tough. Valentina Vladimirovna spent 10 days in an isolation chamber. And this ordeal. When choosing candidates, Korolev took into account aspects of ideological and political literacy, and the ability to behave in public. In all respects, only Tereshkova fit the bill. And the first ever flight of a female astronaut into low-Earth orbit began on June 16, 1963.
She spent 3 days outside the planet. She constantly felt sick and vomited, but Tereshkova constantly told the radar that everything was fine. Otherwise, the astronaut would have been returned to Earth. Valentina Vladimirovna also wrote up the logbook and took photographs of the orbit. The curator of the flight, Sergei Korolev, after her landing, said that only after his death would another woman fly into space. In the end, that's what happened. Valentina Tereshkova never flew into space again, but continued her military service.
Since 1966, she has tried herself in politics and became a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. After the collapse of the USSR former astronaut does not abandon politics. In 2008, he joined the United Russia party and was elected to State Duma. Valentina Vladimirovna is also involved in charity work, helping home school and other institutions for children.
The heroine of the Soviet Union was married twice. Her first husband was fellow cosmonaut Andriyan Nikolaev. The couple had a daughter, Elena, in 1964. When the girl turned 18, her parents divorced in 1983. For the second time, Valentina Vladimirovna married military medic Yuri Shaposhnikov.
- Valentina Tereshkova has many awards not only from her native country, but also from other countries. Streets, schools, museums and a lunar crater were named after her.
- After the flight, Valentina Tereshkova broke the regime by distributing flight rations to Altai residents, while she herself ate local food.
- The flight into outer space had a negative impact on her health. And being pregnant with her daughter, she spent the entire period of bearing the child in the hospital.
- Before flying into space, the girl told her parents that she was going to parachute training. They learned about her feat after landing on the radio.
- Valentina Tereshkova wanted to continue flying into space so much that she was even preparing to go to Mars without any possibility of return.
- The chronicle of the landing of the spacecraft was not documentary: the woman did not land very well, so it was filmed on the second day.
We hope that the report about Valentina Tereshkova helped you prepare for the lesson. And you can leave your message about Valentina Tereshkova using the comment form below.
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