System of uninterrupted supply of tape "Scorpion. The Scorpion system will replace GLONASS The structure of the RSDN ground station includes

The Ministry of Defense has begun replacing ground-based long-range navigation radar systems RSDN-10 with new Scorpion complexes. In the event of war, these ground-based coordinate systems will replace the space ones - GPS and GLONASS. The renewal program is designed until 2020, Izvestia writes.

As noted by the representative Russian Institute radio navigation and time Yuri Kupin, “during hostilities, all satellite signals passing through space will be actively jammed by the so-called“ white noise ”. Russia, the United States and a number of other countries are armed with aircraft with special equipment that are capable of blocking the entire near-Earth radio space with noise.

A kind of understudy of GLONASS in similar situation the Scorpio system is intended to become.

The Scorpion system is capable of providing large area actions (1 thousand km versus 600 for RSDN-10). The system is able to automatically maintain the parameters of the emitted signal and can be controlled from a single remote control. The receivers of the system can be installed on aviation, land, sea and river equipment.

Another advantage of the Scorpions is the ability to synchronize stations with the GLONASS system, which significantly increases their efficiency.

In addition to the commissioning of new systems, the modernization of old ones is also planned. In particular, Rosoboronpostavka ordered the repair and restoration work of the RSDN-10 complexes and the RSDN-20 Alfa system.

Commissioning of the Scorpion systems is planned in four stages. In 2013-2015 three systems will be replaced in Transbaikalia, in 2016-2017 - four systems in the North Caucasus region, in 2017-2019. - four per Far East, in 2019-2020 will replace three systems in the South Ural region.

Clickable

And now general information on radio systems for long-range navigation.

In order to ensure traffic safety in air, land and sea transport, as well as to solve a number of special tasks on the basis of government decrees, a system of long-range radio navigation support (DRNO) was created in the Soviet Union. DRNO is designed to create conditions combat use aviation in theaters of operations, operational areas and in military geographical areas, as well as aircraft navigation in the performance of all types of flights.

RSDN are designed to determine the position of an aircraft at a distance of 1500 km or more.

RSDN consist of ground radio transmitting devices - reference stations (OS) and onboard receiving equipment. Reference stations are located on the Earth's surface at points whose geographical coordinates are stored in the memory of onboard equipment.

The on-board equipment receives signals and measures the distance to the reference stations (in range-finding RSDN) or the distance difference (in difference-range RSDN). According to the measured ranges or the difference in ranges, the computing device of the onboard equipment receiver builds position lines. Lines of position (LP) - the locus of points characterized by the same range value or range difference, are either circles (in range-finding RSDN) (Fig. 1.1, a) or hyperbolas (in difference-range RSDN) (Fig. 1.1b). According to several OS, several LPs are determined and, by their intersection, the computing device determines the location (geographical coordinates) of the aircraft.

Fig.1.1 Lines of position in RSDN:

A) rangefinder RSDN;

B) difference-range RSDN. Three aircraft (No. 1, No. 2, No. 3) are located on the lines of position 2, 3, 4. The distance between stations OS1 and OS2 is called the base.

In rangefinder RSDN, to determine the distance to the reference station, the delay time is measured T signal on the propagation path from the OS to the aircraft, i.e. T=D/With, where FROM is the speed of propagation of radio waves, and D- distance to OS.

The emission of signals by reference stations is carried out at strictly defined times, known on the aircraft, i.e., there must be time standards on the aircraft and on the OS. According to the OS time standard, the moment of signal emission is set, and according to the time standard on the aircraft, the moment of receiving this signal is noted. But, due to the presence of discrepancies in the time standards on the OS and on the aircraft, an error in measuring the range is possible, therefore the measured range is referred to as pseudo-range, and this measurement method is called pseudo-range. If the standard of time on the aircraft is corrected (for example, according to the universal time system), then the error in the measurement will be determined by the departure of the time scale for the time interval between corrections.

The main tasks of the DRNO are:

ensuring the solution of combat missions by aviation in the tactical, operational and strategic depth of the enemy;
ensuring the solution of combat training tasks by aviation formations, formations and units;
flight support aircraft along optimal routes, over unorientated terrain, water areas of the seas and oceans;
ensuring the safety of aircraft flights.
The use of long-range radio navigation aids ensures the solution of the following tasks by aircraft aviation:
application aviation facilities defeat;
landing;
air reconnaissance;
overcoming the enemy air defense zone;
interaction with ground forces and navy forces.

At present, the main means of DRNO aviation of the RF Armed Forces are radio systems for long-range navigation (RSDN). RSDN are designed to determine the location of moving objects at any time of the day and year with unlimited bandwidth within a given area of ​​effect.

The high efficiency of these systems has been confirmed by more than 30 years of experience in their operation, including in the conditions of local armed conflicts in Afghanistan and the North Caucasus, where in mountainous and unorientated terrain, RSDN was often the only means of correcting flight and navigation systems to solve problems. air navigation and combat use.

The RSDN consumers are all branches of the RF Armed Forces. In addition to the Ministry of Defense, the consumers of navigation information generated by the RSDN are the Ministry of Emergency Situations, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Federal Border Guard Service, and the Ministry of Transport of Russia. In addition, DRN stations operate in State system common time and reference frequencies.

The structure of the RSDN ground station includes:

Control and synchronization equipment;
- a radio transmitter with a power of 0.65-3.0 million watts (per impulse);
- general industrial equipment (autonomous diesel power plant with a capacity of 600-1000 kW, air conditioning, communications, etc.);
- high-precision unified time service center - SEV VT. It is equipped with a set of equipment that creates, stores and transmits time seconds marks to the transmitting device for broadcasting. The basis of SEV VT is the atomic frequency standard, which generates highly stable electromagnetic oscillations with a relative instability of 1x10-12. Time sequences are formed in the time keepers: seconds, minutes. five minutes, etc. Station timestamps are "locked" to the national time scale. These signals are used when starting spacecraft, in navigation, geology, geodesy, etc.

At present, the following long-range radio systems are deployed and operated:

1.Phase RSDN-20 "Route".
2. Systems RSDN "Seagull":
- European RSDN-3/10;
- Far Eastern RSDN-4;
- Northern RSDN-5.
3. Mobile systems RSDN-10 (North Caucasus, South Ural, Transbaikal, Far East).

The first radio-technical system for long-range navigation, on the territory former USSR, RSDN-3/10, was created after the modernization of the RNS "Meridian" and "Normal". It was accepted into service as part of the Air Force in the early 70s of the last century.

RSDN-3/10 includes 5 long-range radio navigation stations (DRN): three stations are located on the territory Russian Federation(settlement of Karachev, settlement of Petrozavodsk, settlement of Syzran), one station on the territory of Belarus (settlement of Slonim) and one station on the territory of Ukraine (settlement of Simferopol).
After the collapse of the USSR, RSDN-3/10 operates in accordance with the intergovernmental Agreement on long-range radio navigation support in the Commonwealth Independent States dated March 12, 1993. According to Article 2 of this Agreement, its participants recognized the need to preserve the radio navigation systems operating on their territory, as well as existing order their activities.

An analogue of domestic RSDN (Chaika) abroad are radio navigation systems (RNS) Loran-C (USA).

Early 90s The last century was marked by the rapid development of satellite navigation systems (SNS). In the United States, the Global Positioning System (GPS Navstar) was created. In the Soviet Union, the global navigation satellite system (GLONASS) called "Uragan" was widely developed. SNSs were distinguished by high accuracy in determining the coordinates of moving objects (tens, and in some cases units of meters), the creation of a global radio navigation field, and the possibility of obtaining three-dimensional coordinates on board a moving object. The RSDN parameters were more modest: the accuracy was 0.2-2.0 km, they had a limited working area. For example, the working area of ​​the European RSDN-3/10: water area Barents Sea- water area of ​​the Black Sea and Ural mountains- Germany. SNA, thanks to its unique parameters, created the impression that time ground RSDN passed. However, after testing the SNS for noise immunity and stability, disappointing results were obtained. The fact is that in determining the location of objects in the SNS, noise-like signals are used. It is not technically difficult to suppress such a signal in the aviation coverage area. It seemed that the exit complex use these two types of navigation: European experts have gone down this path. We created the control and corrective technology "Eurofix" - a system for the joint use of RSDN and SNS. We go our own way. And now, in the area of ​​​​the village of Taymylyr, a unique structure was destroyed, a transmitting antenna 460 m high .. almost an Ostankino tower above the Arctic Circle. The apparatus and equipment are simply abandoned. 175.2 million (Soviet) rubles were spent on the creation of the blown up object.

As it became known, the depths of the Arctic Ocean are fraught with huge reserves of natural resources. One can foresee the struggle of the circumpolar states (and not only them) for these riches. It is clear that navigation aids in this region will play a role in the future. decisive role. Therefore, the means of radio navigation support in the Arctic region must be preserved.

RSDN-20:

Alpha phase radio navigation system (also known as the Long-Range Navigation Radio Engineering System or RSDN-20) - Russian system long-range radio navigation. It operates on the same principles as the decommissioned Omega Navigation System in the very low frequency range. The Alpha system consists of 3 transmitters, which are located in the region of Novosibirsk, Krasnodar, Komsomolsk-on-Amur. These transmitters emit 3.6 second bursts at 11.905 kHz, 12.649 kHz and 14.881 kHz. Radio waves at these frequencies are reflected from the lowest layers of the ionosphere and therefore are less susceptible to attenuation in the ionosphere (attenuation of 3 dB per 1000 km), but the phase of the wave is very sensitive to the height of the reflection.

The receiver measures the phase difference of signals from navigation transmitters and builds a family of hyperbolas. A moving object can always determine its location, if it does not lose the ability to track the signals of navigation transmitters. The phase of the wave depends on the height of the reflecting layers of the ionosphere, and therefore seasonal and diurnal variations can be compensated. Positioning accuracy is better than 2 nautical miles, but at high latitudes and in polar regions where sudden phase anomalies can occur, the accuracy drops to 7 nautical miles.

ammunition systems small arms represent a separate design problem, without the successful solution of which it is impossible to create effective weapons.

In particular, in the context of machine gun armament, various systems are of great interest, which allow increasing the size of the ready-to-use ammunition load and thereby ensuring long-term firing without reloading. Relatively recently interesting project similar system was presented by domestic designers.

A domestic device designed to improve the combat qualities of existing machine guns was developed by FRONT-tactical systems. The creation of a new product, which received the designation "Scorpion", was carried out on its own initiative, without an order from the military department or law enforcement agencies. In order to increase the ammunition load of the machine gun, ready for use, it was decided to abandon the standard boxes for tapes, replacing them with a larger container and a special device for supplying cartridge tape to the receiving window of the machine gun.

AT current form The Scorpio system consists of several main parts. To store the tape with cartridges, a metal box-container of the appropriate dimensions is intended. A special flexible sleeve for supplying cartridges is connected to it, at the second end of which a bracket is provided for mounting on a machine gun. This architecture of the kit allows you to produce its various options, both stationary and portable.

It should be noted that the idea of ​​using flexible metal sleeves for feeding tapes is not new. Similar designs were developed in the first half of the last century and even found application in practice in various fields. The use of a flexible sleeve allows you to connect weapons with ammo box, as well as ensure the correct interaction of the cartridge belt, box and weapon when changing their position in space. As a result, such designs are the optimal solution to the existing problems.

The Scorpion kit includes several basic elements. A metal box-container is intended for storage and carrying of the tape with cartridges. In the basic configuration, it has dimensions of 40x10x30 cm and holds 475 rounds in one tape. To carry the box, it is proposed to use a special satchel, adjustable in accordance with the anatomy of the shooter. A special cover with fasteners for a flexible sleeve is installed on the cartridge box. The sleeve itself is a structure of a large number of metal segments that can change position relative to each other within certain sectors. The sleeve is 160 cm long, 10 cm wide, and 2.5 cm thick, which allows it to hold up to 75 rounds. If necessary, the sleeve is equipped with a protective cover. The sleeve is completed with a bracket that allows you to connect it to the weapon. The kit without cartridges weighs about 4.1 kg.

According to the manufacturer, in the basic configuration, the Scorpion kit is designed for use with 7.62x54 mm R rifle cartridges and loose metal bands. In preparation for firing, a single tape for 550 rounds is placed in the box and sleeve. The end of the tape is displayed to the receiving window of the weapon. According to reports, the design of the Scorpion kit is designed for use with Kalashnikov-designed machine guns, but the possibility of creating modifications for other weapons is mentioned.

Main Feature system "Scorpion" is the use of a common tape for the entire wearable ammunition, which gives it a number characteristic features, and also gives certain advantages over other methods of ammunition supply. According to the development company, Scorpion compares favorably with existing boxes of ribbons for a number of reasons. First of all, a certain reduction in the weight of the entire complex in the form of a machine gun, cartridges and ammunition systems is achieved. So, to carry 550 rounds, you need six standard metal boxes. With an empty box weighing about 1-1.5 kg, only due to the means of storing and carrying ammunition, the total mass of the complex is reduced by several kilograms.

The absence of the need to reload weapons after spending 100 rounds of the tape (as when using standard boxes) allows you to provide a fire advantage and create a high density of fire. In addition, the elements of the "Scorpion" do not prevent the shooter from moving around the battlefield and do not impose serious restrictions on his mobility. Shooting from various positions is possible, during which the sleeve or satchel does not interfere with the machine gunner.

The existence of the Scorpion project was announced a long time ago. Since then, the development company has carried out all the necessary tests and completed the fine-tuning of the system. In particular, during 2015 the system was tested in the conditions of polygons. Thanks to this, it was possible to get rid of all the shortcomings and ensure high reliability of the operation of all elements of the kit.

To date, FRONT-Tactical Systems has mastered mass production of the Scorpion system in the configuration chambered for 7.62x54 mm R and Kalashnikov machine guns of PK, PKM and Pecheneg modifications. Products are assembled to order within two weeks after receipt of the application. At the request of the customer, some changes can be made to the system regarding the satchel and its belt system. In particular, you can choose the color of the textile elements of the kit.

According to the manufacturer, the selected architecture of the complex allows you to change its main parameters. So, in accordance with the wishes of the customer, the design of the box-container for carrying the tape can be changed. In the wearable version of the Scorpion, the box can hold up to 1000 rounds, and this limitation is primarily due to physical abilities arrow and weight of ammunition. In the manufacture of a stationary version intended for installation on machinery, etc., there are no such restrictions. In this case, the kit can be equipped with boxes of any capacity.

According to reports, the Scorpion ammunition kits are produced in small batches and supplied to individual customers. There are references to the order of such equipment by representatives of the Russian law enforcement agencies and the armed forces. Thus, the original proposal interested its "target audience" and came to be put into practice.

Using the accumulated experience of its own and others, the developer company is currently working on several options for the development of the Scorpion system. So, last summer there were reports about the development of a flexible hose for feeding 12.7x108 mm cartridges, which can be used to feed the NSV-12.7 Utes machine gun or other similar systems. For obvious reasons, this version of the kit will not become a direct analogue of the Scorpion for PC / PKM, however, it may well find application as part of weapons of various equipment. At the same time, it completely “inherits” all the characteristic advantages of the base model.

In the future, the creation of new systems of similar architecture for various ammunition is not ruled out. It is claimed that the flexible sleeve can even be used to feed 30mm grenades for the respective weapon. Whether potential customers will show interest in such proposals - time will tell.

In parallel with the creation of new kits, updated versions of existing equipment are being developed. In December last year, work was reported on a modernized version of the sleeve attachments to the weapon. With the help of new design brackets, the developers are going to ensure the compatibility of the Scorpion kit with new modifications of Kalashnikov machine guns, primarily with the Pecheneg machine gun in the bullpup layout.

Currently, in Russia and abroad, several variants of small arms ammunition supply systems with the supply of cartridges through a flexible metal hose are being developed and tested. All these products have a similar architecture, and should also have the same advantages over standard samples. However, so far none of these systems has been put into service. Flexible hoses are actively used in the composition small arms various equipment, but kits for infantry machine gunners have not yet reached mass use in practice.

The Scorpion ammunition system is of great interest from a technical and tactical point of view. In some publications on this development, it is argued that the original technical solutions of the project can make a real revolution in the field of small arms and methods of its combat use. In particular, it was proposed to develop a new automatic rifle chambered for 7.62x54 mm R, which could initially be used with flexible sleeve for supplying cartridges that increase it combat characteristics. In addition, certain advantages were mentioned associated with the rejection of intermediate cartridges and the transfer of all infantry weapons for rifle ammunition.

Despite all the high marks and attempts to present a new domestic development as a revolution in weapons business, the Scorpion kit has not yet interested the Russian military department and has not become the subject of bulk supply contracts. Nevertheless, a number of such products are already used by representatives of various structures. The further prospects of the kit are still in question. Whether the Scorpion will become a regular element of the equipment of Russian machine gunners is not yet entirely clear.

The domestic company "Front Tactical Systems" has developed a universal ammunition supply system designed to improve the combat qualities of existing machine guns.
The creation of a new product, which received the designation "Scorpion", was carried out on its own initiative, without an order from the military department or law enforcement agencies. In order to increase the ammunition load of the machine gun, ready for use, it was decided to abandon the standard boxes for tapes, replacing them with a larger container and a special device for supplying cartridge tape to the receiving window of the machine gun.

In its current form, the Scorpio system consists of several main parts. To store the tape with cartridges, a metal box-container of the appropriate dimensions is intended. A special flexible sleeve for supplying cartridges is connected to it, at the second end of which a bracket is provided for mounting on a machine gun. This architecture of the kit allows you to produce its various options, both stationary and portable.
The Scorpion kit includes several basic elements. A metal box-container is intended for storage and carrying of the tape with cartridges. In the basic configuration, it has dimensions of 40x10x30 cm and holds 475 rounds in one tape.

To carry the box, it is proposed to use a special satchel, adjustable in accordance with the anatomy of the shooter. A special cover with fasteners for a flexible sleeve is installed on the cartridge box.
The sleeve itself is a structure of a large number of metal segments that can change position relative to each other within certain sectors. The sleeve is 160 cm long, 10 cm wide, and 2.5 cm thick, which allows it to hold up to 75 rounds. If necessary, the sleeve is equipped with a protective cover.
The sleeve is completed with a bracket that allows you to connect it to the weapon. The kit without cartridges weighs about 4.1 kg.

According to the manufacturer, in the basic configuration, the Scorpion kit is designed for use with 7.62x54 mm R rifle cartridges and loose metal bands. In preparation for firing, a single tape for 550 rounds is placed in the box and sleeve. The end of the tape is displayed to the receiving window of the weapon. The Scorpion system is designed for use with Kalashnikov machine guns: PK, PKM and Pecheneg using a 7.62x54 mm cartridge.
You can use the "Scorpion" for any task - whether it be patrolling in the forest, or targeted assault operations in urban areas. And here, it is also very important to mention that you can transfer the ammunition system, being equipped, in different ways.

No item of equipment will interfere with the use of a box with a flexible sleeve. So, for example, "Scorpio" can be worn in conjunction with any means personal armor protection- the machine gunner can use body armor, armor helmet or anti-fragmentation suit, if necessary.
The developer of the system, the Front company, has already come up with a proposal to put the Scorpion into service, including its inclusion in the Ratnik system. However, at the moment, the issue is being resolved. Nevertheless, a number of such products are already used by representatives of various structures.

Colonel E. Maksimov

AT foreign countries in order to increase the efficiency of reconnaissance on the battlefield, the protection of objects for various purposes, as well as timely notification of the movement of people, ground equipment and low-flying aircraft (helicopters) in tactical (operational-tactical) depth, measures are being consistently taken to develop and supply the troops with new and modernize systems and complexes of reconnaissance and signaling devices (RSP) that are in service.

In service ground forces The United States is the Scorpion RSP system (SCORPION Unattended Target Recognition Systems) manufactured by the American company Northrop-Grumman. It is designed for covert remote detection and tracking of the movement of people, ground equipment, as well as for classifying objects in tactical (operational-tactical) depth.

Reconnaissance and signaling devices of the "Scorpio" system can be used to solve such problems as:
- observation of areas in which the concentration or movement of enemy troops is possible or expected;
- conducting reconnaissance of the most probable routes of their advancement and deployment;
- determination of directions and intensity of movement of troops;
- protection of the places of deployment of their troops, barriers, approaches to bridges, etc .;
- ensuring the protection of important military facilities together with other technical means to prevent the penetration of reconnaissance and sabotage groups and terrorists into their territory;
- protection of areas of the state border, lines of separation of opposing forces and demilitarized zones.

The Scorpion system is implemented using a flexible architecture, and its electronic components are characterized by high reliability and low cost in the supply and sales market. In addition, the RSP complex is easily configured and deployed with a complete set of remote control and management of every component in the system, down to a single sensor.

Depending on the tasks to be solved, the system package may include RSP with four types of sensors (seismic, magnetometric or combined seismic / magnetometric, acoustic, passive infrared), optoelectronic observation devices, radio repeaters, data processing and control stations (SODU, wearable and portable). If necessary, hydroacoustic sensors, as well as sensors for chemical and radiation reconnaissance, can be additionally included in its composition.
All RSPs are installed manually, and the time required for this does not exceed a few minutes. The devices are made in a special protective metal case and are designed for operation in adverse climatic conditions.

Combined (seismic / magnetometric) RSP and optoelectronic observation devices to provide topographic location are additionally equipped with Navstar radar.

The set of each reconnaissance and signaling device includes: one sensor, an electronic processing unit with a VHF transmitter and a battery.

The electronic processing unit is pre-installed with universal software for preliminary processing of data from sensors various types.

To increase the efficiency of the sensors and reduce the likelihood of their false operation, the SRS uses the adjustment of the sensitivity threshold. To determine the direction to the object in the system, the goniometric method is used. The maximum communication range with the radio repeater is up to 2 km.

When the power supply is turned on, the RSP is automatically tested, during which its performance is monitored and the type of connected sensors is determined. If the device is ready for operation, information about this is transmitted via a radio repeater to a data processing and control station. The operation of the sensor in the electronic processing unit of the RSP generates a coded signal, which is then transmitted in the same way to the command post.

Optoelectronic surveillance devices of the "Phoenix" type are designed for remote automatic detection of moving targets in a given field of view at any time of the day and in adverse weather conditions. The reconnaissance range using the device is up to 800 m. The system kit includes a digital black-and-white video camera for daytime shooting (the operating wavelength range reaches the near-IR region of the spectrum) and an IR camera based on an uncooled focal matrix.

The optoelectronic observation device is mounted on a tripod and is masked by a camouflage cover. Its aiming at the target is carried out with the receipt of "alarm" signals from other RSPs, as well as remotely - at the operator's commands. When a moving target is detected, the device carries out its automatic tracking, primary processing, compression of video images according to the standard JPEG 2000 format and transmission via a cable line to a radio repeater.

The radio repeater ensures the reception of data from the SRS and their transmission to the data processing station located at the control points. One radio repeater can serve up to 800 RPNs.

The system uses radio repeaters of two types: short-range radio communication (provides it in the VHF range at a line-of-sight range) and over-the-horizon communication.

The over-the-horizon communication radio repeater, in addition to the standard VHF transmitter, is equipped with a transceiver of the Iridium commercial satellite communication system and a connector for connecting a remote optoelectronic surveillance device.

Short-range radio repeaters are used in the protection of military facilities, and those equipped with a satellite transmitter are used in reconnaissance.

The wearable SODU is made on the basis of a portable small-sized personal computer, which is controlled by the operating system Windows 2000 SP4 or XP Professional SP2. It performs a number of functions: provides programming of the specified modes of operation of the RSP, remote control and control over their functioning, automatic registration and systematization of incoming data, as well as remote guidance of optoelectronic devices to specified objects.

A portable SODU is placed at the CP and in the centers combat control. It is made on the basis of a PC and, in addition to the portable version, provides the final processing of intelligence information and the formation of a database. The station's special software allows you to track the location of objects in the controlled area and display data from the SRS in real time against the background of an electronic map of the area.

The Scorpion system operates offline, and its sensors can operate continuously for up to three months. Sufficient flexibility of this tool is provided through the use of universal transceivers, programmable to work with sensors using a portable data processing and control station. The presence of universal hardware and software allows the use of reconnaissance and signaling devices of a different class in the system, for example, Rembass-2, Falcon Watch and Classic.

In order to increase the effectiveness of combat support for troops at the tactical level, the Northrop-Grumman company developed and put into experimental combat operation the Scorpion-2 RSP system. Unlike the previous one, it uses devices of a combined type, which have smaller weight and size characteristics and power consumption, as well as twice the time of continuous operation (up to six months).

The composition of such a device includes three sensors - seismic, magnetometric and passive infrared. They provide detection and recognition of objects at a distance of more than 100 m.

In total, the US Army has more than 1,000 sets of the Scorpion system. Their high efficiency and reliability have been confirmed during combat operations in Afghanistan and Iraq. Distinctive features of this system are:
- modular, open and scalable architecture for setting up RSP during combat operations (operations);
- adapted, secure, two-way communication via short-range VHF radio communication or over-the-horizon communication (Iridium satellite communication system);
- interoperability with sensors of various types (seismic, magnetometric or combined seismic/magnetometric, acoustic, passive infrared);
- low power consumption of the system elements, increased time of their continuous operation, etc.

In the US Armed Forces, work to improve the RSP systems and reconnaissance sensor complexes in the period up to 2020 involves the constant modernization of existing models, which involves the replacement of individual devices, as well as the introduction of fundamentally new information technologies expanding their functionality.

According to American experts in the field of electronic reconnaissance, the use of the Scorpion RSP system makes it possible to significantly reduce the loss of personnel and equipment during combat operations, as well as reduce the number of forces and means necessary both for reconnaissance and for the protection of objects.

The owners of the patent RU 2399004:

The system for feeding cartridges into the barrel of a weapon is designed for automatic and semi-automatic firearms. The system includes a magazine with cartridges installed in the nest of the weapon, a magazine retention latch and a cartridge feeder. The system is equipped shutter lag and a mechanical connection of the magazine retention latch with cartridges or a bolt delay, while the magazine retention latch is made with the possibility of opening with an empty magazine or with the last cartridge in it, as well as a blocker with an additional latch mechanically connected to a protrusion made on the weapon and located on ways to move the bolt of the weapon or related elements to prevent premature detachment of the magazine from the weapon. EFFECT: invention provides simplification of loading and reduction of weapon reloading time by self-detaching of the magazine when the ammunition is used up. 2 n. and 8 z.p. f-ly, 6 ill.

The invention relates to automatic and semi-automatic firearms and applicable to weapons of any small caliber systems.

Known ammunition systems, consisting of a store with a spring-loaded feeder and slots for the store on the weapon /see. for example "Instruction on small business" M.: Military Publishing House 1970 p.4-19/. The disadvantage of such a system is that after the cartridges are used up, the magazine must be removed. In addition, the magazine, which has a carob shape, is inconvenient to insert and remove, because. movement in an arc is less orthopedically convenient for the loader's hand - a simple direct movement is performed more confidently and faster, therefore reloading a carob magazine takes 1 second more time than a direct one. And the experience of combat operations in Afghanistan revealed the urgent need to reduce the reload time of weapons, especially machine guns. In addition, when firing from a machine gun, if the trigger is released immediately after the last cartridge is used up or when firing single shots, the end of the cartridges goes unnoticed, which can lead to the death of a soldier.

EFFECT: simplification of loading and self-disconnection of the magazine when the ammunition is used up, which is a signaling about the end of cartridges.

To do this, the magazine retention latch is mechanically connected to the feeder in the upper or pre-top / if there is one cartridge in the store / its position, or with an element mechanically connected to the feeder or cartridges, and if the magazine has an indirect, for example, carob shape, then its working the end has straight guides. The mechanical connection can be located both in the weapon and in the store, and in the latter case, with some design solutions, the counter latch located in the weapon can serve as an emphasis for the latch located in the store. In systems where the opening of the latch is designed not for lowering the magazine, but for the last cartridge, there is a magazine detachment lock in the form of an additional latch mechanically connected to a protrusion located in the path of the bolt or related elements.

The design designed for the last cartridge differs from the first one in that in the first design, the magazine is separated after the last shot, when the bolt has moved back and released the feeder. At the same time, the weapon remains incapacitated for some time.

And in the design designed for the last cartridge, the magazine separation occurs before the last shot in the cartridge reloading phase. At the same time, the weapon, at least when firing single, remains loaded all the time.

For a more energetic separation of the magazine from the weapon, there is an ejector spring attached to the magazine or weapon. And so that during training shooting the magazine does not fall on a hard surface or in the mud, there are loops on the magazine and weapons with which the carabiners of the safety cord are connected.

Mechanical connection can be carried out both directly and through a rod, a two-arm or one-arm spring-loaded or spring-loaded lever, etc.

Figure 1 shows a block diagram of the ammunition system. Figure 2 - four concrete examples location of straight guides on the carob store. Figure 3-6 - specific design solutions.

Structurally, the system consists of element 1, which perceives the end of the ammunition or the moment when there is one cartridge or a unitary shot left in the magazine, it can be a feeder, an element associated with it, for example, a slide stop in a PM pistol, or cartridges directly. This element is in interaction with the mechanical connection 2, and with it - the latch 3 holding the body 4 of the store.

In designs designed for the last cartridge, to prevent premature detachment of the magazine, there is a latch 5 of the lock connected to the protrusion 6 in the path of the shutter or the element 7 connected to it. To accelerate the separation of the magazine, there is an ejection spring 8.

This system works as follows: when the cartridges are used up, element 1 opens the latch 3 through a mechanical link 2 and the empty magazine 4 is separated from the weapon under the action of its own weight and spring 8. In designs designed for the last cartridge, after disengaging the latch 3, the magazine is held by the latch 5 of the blocker until the last cartridge is removed from it by the shutter 7, which / or an element associated with it / presses on the protrusion 6 when rolling, opening the latch 5 blocker. The store is separated.

Figure 2 shows the main options for the location of the guides 9 on the body 4 carob shop. Intermediate ones are also possible.

Depending on the type of store / straight, open-end, disk, drum / and the type of mechanical transmission / direct, thrust, pusher, one- or two-arm lever, shaft, etc. /, and the location of the mechanical connection, and latches are possible various examples specific implementation.

The systems in Fig.3-5 consist of a magazine body 4 with a feeder 10 spring-loaded by a spring 11. To hold the magazine there is a latch 3, and for manual disconnection - a box 12. Moreover, in Fig.3, 5, the latches are formed by bending an elastic plate, on which and fasten.

In Fig.3 there is also a rod 13 attached, for example by contact welding, to the feeder 10 and the box 12.

Figure 4 shows staggered cartridges 14, between the tips of which there is a protrusion 15 of a two-arm lever 16, spring-loaded by a spring 17 and mounted on an axis 18 inside the guide 19.

In Fig.5, the latch 3 is located on an elastic plate 20 attached to or part of the back wall of the store, and the stop for the latch 3 is an additional latch 21 in the form of an elastic plate bent at an angle, one end attached to the weapon body. On the case 4 of the store there is a protrusion 22 for the latch 5 of the blocker 23, which is mounted on the axis 24 and has a protrusion 6 located in the path of the roll-on of the handle 25 of the bolt frame.

Figure 6 shows a magazine 4 in the socket of the weapon 26. There is a groove 27 in the wall of the socket, in which there is a glass 28 with a tooth 29. An ejection spring 8 working in tension is attached to the glass and the bottom of the groove.

The systems in Fig.3, 4 work as follows: as the cartridges are used up, the feeder 10 under the action of the spring 11 moves to open end magazine 4 and after the last cartridge is used up through a mechanical connection in the form of a rod 13 /fig.3/ or a protrusion 15 on the lever 16 /fig.4/ opens the latch 3 and the magazine falls out of the weapon under its own weight.

The system in Fig.5 works similarly, except that the latch 3 under the action of the elastic plate 20 enters the groove of the feeder 10 at the moment when there is still one cartridge left in the magazine. This happens after a rollback, and so that the store does not prematurely separate along with the last cartridge, it is held by the ledge 22 by the latch 5 of the blocker 23.

During the run-on, the cartridge is sent into the barrel and at the same time the bolt or, in relation to the AKM assault rifle, the bolt frame with its handle 25 presses on the protrusion 6 of the blocker and the empty magazine is separated. At the same time, if the shooting was carried out with single shots or the trigger was released at that moment, the weapon remains combat-ready during reloading: at any moment it is ready to fire one shot. To reload, all that remains is to insert a new magazine and, without distorting the shutter, you can continue firing. It should be added that in this case, it is desirable to use a slide delay in the machine similar to the PM pistol.

For a faster and more reliable separation of the store in the above systems, there may be an ejection spring 8 /Fig.6/, which, when the store is attached, is stretched, and after the store is disconnected, it is compressed and pushes the empty store 4 with the tooth 29 of the cup 28.

The use of the invention will significantly increase the combat capability of motorized rifle and airborne troops, especially in fleeting oncoming, close, urban battles.

1. The system for feeding cartridges into the barrel of a weapon, containing a magazine with cartridges installed in the nest of the weapon, a magazine retention latch and a cartridge feeder, characterized in that it is equipped with a slide delay and a mechanical connection of the magazine retention latch with cartridges or a slide delay, while the retention latch magazine is made with the possibility of opening with an empty magazine or with the last cartridge in it.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that it is provided with straight guides for fastening in the socket of the weapon of the curved magazine.

3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that said mechanical connection is located in the magazine.

4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that said mechanical connection is located in the weapon.

5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the magazine retention latch is made with a protrusion located in the weapon.

6. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with an ejection spring located between the magazine and the weapon and fixed to the magazine or to the weapon.

7. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that said mechanical connection is made in the form of a link between the cartridge feeder and the magazine retention latch.

8. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that said mechanical connection is made in the form of a spring-loaded or springy two-arm or one-arm lever.

9. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that said mechanical connection is carried out by direct contact between the magazine retention latch and the cartridges or slide stop.

10. A system for feeding cartridges into the barrel of a weapon, containing a magazine with cartridges installed in the nest of the weapon, a magazine retention latch and a cartridge feeder, characterized in that it is equipped with a lock with an additional latch mechanically connected to a protrusion made on the weapon and located on the path of movement the shutter of the weapon or its associated elements to prevent premature detachment of the magazine from the weapon, and the magazine retention latch is configured to open when the magazine is empty or with the last cartridge in it.