The pride of Russia is Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov. Class hour: “Mikhail Kalashnikov - a symbol of Russian technical thought Awarding a doctoral degree
History reference Born in a large peasant family in 1919. In 1930, the family of his father, Timofey Aleksandrovich Kalashnikov, who was recognized as a kulak, was exiled from Altai Territory to Siberia. In 1938 he was drafted into the Red Army, received the specialty of a mechanic - a tank driver, served in a tank regiment in the city of Stryi. Great Patriotic war started in August 1941 as a tank commander, in October 1941 near Bryansk he was seriously wounded.
The beginning of a career as a gunsmith Since 1942, Kalashnikov has been working at the Central Research and Development Range small arms(NIPSMVO) Chief Artillery Directorate Red Army. Here in 1944 he created prototype multi-shot carbine, which, although it did not go into the series, partially served as a prototype for creating an assault rifle. Since 1945, M. T. Kalashnikov began the development automatic weapons under the intermediate cartridge 7.62 × 39 sample 1943. In the 1947 competition, the Kalashnikov assault rifle, after testing, showed the highest efficiency.
M. T. Kalashnikov In Izhevsk After that, Mikhail Timofeevich was sent to the Izhevsk Motor Plant by order of the Chief Marshal of Artillery N. N. Voronov for the author's participation in the creation technical documentation and organizing the production of the first experimental batch of their AK-47 assault rifle. After demobilizing from the army, Kalashnikov moved to permanent residence in Izhevsk and continued his design work at the Izhmash plant.
His creations In x years, on the basis of AK, unified samples were developed and adopted small arms: AKM modernized Kalashnikov assault rifle, AKM RPK light machine gun Kalashnikov, RPK PK Kalashnikov machine gun, PKT PKT tank Kalashnikov machine gun (installed together with a gun), PKT tank AK -74 modification of AKM chambered for 5.45 × 39. AK-74
Biography Kalashnikov was born on November 11, 1919. in the village of Kurya, Altai Territory, in a large peasant family. Mikhail was the seventeenth child in the family. After finishing 9th grade high school M.T.Kalashnikov went to work as an apprentice at the railway depot of the Matai station. In 1938, M.T. Kalashnikov was drafted into the Red Army, served in the Kiev Special Military District, graduated from the school of tank drivers. Since 1949, M.T. Kalashnikov has been living and working in the city of Izhevsk. During his work, he went from an ordinary designer to the chief designer of small arms. General M.T.Kalashnikov was awarded high state awards.
History of creation In October 1941, he was seriously wounded and shell-shocked. Even in the hospital, M.T. Kalashnikov decided to develop and manufacture a submachine gun. Having received a six-month vacation, he arrived at the Matai station and, with the help of his workmates, carried out his plans in the workshops of the depot. The outstanding Soviet scientist in the field of small arms A.A. Blagonravov became interested in the submachine gun of senior sergeant Kalashnikov. In 1942, M.T. Kalashnikov was sent to serve in the Central research range of small arms (NIPSMVO) of the Main Artillery Directorate of the Red Army.
At the training ground in 1944, Kalashnikov developed a prototype self-loading carbine, the arrangement of the main components of which served as the basis for the creation of an assault rifle in 1946. In 1947, M.T. Kalashnikov improved his assault rifle and in the same year, due to high reliability and efficiency in work machine gun won a brilliant victory in the most difficult competitive tests. The machine gun was put into service in 1949 Soviet army under the name "Kalashnikov assault rifle (AK)", and in 1949 senior sergeant M.T. Kalashnikov was awarded the Stalin Prize of the first degree.
Caliber: 5.45 mm. Magazine capacity: 30 rounds Weight: 3.6 kg. (with a full magazine) The weight of the bayonet-knife with a scabbard is 0.49 kg. Length (without bayonet): 940 mm. Barrel length 415 mm. Sighting range: 1000 m. Combat rate of fire when firing bursts when firing a single shot Up to 100 rounds per minute. Up to 40 shots per minute. Rate of fire600, rds/min. The combat properties of the Kalashnikov assault rifle
The procedure for cleaning the machine 1. Prepare materials for cleaning and lubrication: Gun grease Rags 2. Disassemble the machine. 3. Clean the bore and chamber from the side receiver. 4. Clean: Gas pipe Gas piston Bolt carrier Wipe other metal parts dry with a rag
Pride of Russia - Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov.
Dmitrieva NL, teacher of Russian language and literature. MKOU "Yeltsovskaya secondary school".
There are many glorious names in Russian history. M.T.Kalashnikov is a name that belongs to history.
In terms of its fame, it rightly ranks one
from the first places
among the outstanding names of the XX century.
(1919 - 2013)
The future designer was born in an ordinary peasant family. He was the 17th child. In 1930, when Mikhail's father was recognized as a kulak, the Kalashnikovs were exiled to the Tomsk region. Even as a child, young Kalashnikov was interested in technology, exploring the structure of various mechanisms. In addition, he was fond of geometry and physics. It is worth noting that the teachers of the future designer were exiled political settlers, most of whom had a university education. At the end of the 7th grade, Mikhail decided to return to Altai. Already in his native Courier, he begins to get acquainted with the device of the weapon, having personally disassembled the Browning pistol. At the age of 18, Mikhail leaves his native village and moves to Kazakhstan. Here he became an accountant in a railway depot.
Father - Kalashnikov Timofey Aleksandrovich (1883-1930).
Mother - Kalashnikova Alexandra Frolovna (1884-1957).
1938 - Kalashnikov was drafted into the army. Here he becomes a tank driver. Mikhail Kalashnikov served in the 12th tank division, which was located in Stryi (Ukraine).
Even then, he showed design abilities, having developed a counter of shots from a tank gun, a tank motor resource counter, and an adaptation for a TT pistol. With a report on his inventions, Kalashnikov spoke to General Georgy Zhukov. Later, the designer noted that if it were not for the war, he might not have become an inventor.
The first Kalashnikov submachine gun.
1941 - Kalashnikov, with the rank of senior sergeant, becomes a tank commander. But soon he was badly wounded. While in the hospital, I decided to create own sample automatic weapons. Making sketches and drawings, Mikhail Timofeevich analyzed his own impressions and opinions of his comrades in arms, as well as information from the books of the local library.
In 1945, M. T. Kalashnikov took part in a competition for the development of an assault rifle chambered for the 1943 model. According to the results of competitive tests in 1947, the AK-47 assault rifle was recommended for adoption by the Soviet Army. In 1948, the young designer was sent to the Izhevsk Motor Plant, where an experimental batch of machine guns for military trials was being manufactured. In September 1949, he transferred to the Izhevsk Machine-Building Plant for the serial production of the AK-47 assault rifle.
Tankers
He is a member of the Writers' Union of Russia.
Let's sing about heroism and strength,
About the tanks of the Soviet country,
As a child, Mikhail dreamed of becoming a poet. His pre-war poems were published in the Red Army newspaper.
They were bravely led into battles
Great Fatherland sons.
One of the first poems by Mikhail Kalashnikov.
Enemies have experienced
In 1940, it won the creative competition of young army writers.
The assertiveness of our armor,
Epic folk steel
Hiking wonderful days.
We walked through fog and ambushes,
And the armor thundered menacingly.
Swept away enemies without mercy
A mighty avalanche of fire.
No wonder everything is louder and more beautiful
Great free people
Sings about our drivers
He sings about Soviet tanks.
The legendary Russian gunsmith Mikhail Kalashnikov says that all his life he has been inventing weapons for defense, not for killing: "I sleep peacefully, because I have always created weapons for defense. It is politicians who cannot agree and use them to kill."
The museum has apartments of Mikhail Timofeevich.
reconstructed workplace Kalashnikov.
In 2004, the Museum and Exhibition Complex named after A. M.T. Kalashnikov in the city of Izhevsk.
In 1980, in the native village of the designer, a bronze monument with the inscription on the pedestal:
"Hero
Socialist Labor KALASHNIKOV MIKHAIL TIMOFEEVICH
for distinguished service
in building new technology By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of January 15, 1976, he was awarded the Order of Lenin and the second gold medal "Hammer and Sickle".
November 15, 2013 in the village of Kurya, Altai Territory, the opening of the Museum of Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov, timed to coincide with his 94th birthday, took place.
The museum is located in the building of the parochial school, where Mikhail Kalashnikov once studied. The builders have preserved the historical appearance of the building, carved architraves on the windows, ancient stoves.
The museum exposition consists of 3 main sections, introducing visitors to different periods the life of an outstanding weapons designer.
Chapter " Guy from Altai dedicated to the life of Mikhail Kalashnikov in the village of Kurye in Altai. The museum exposition creates an image of Kurya in the first third of the 20th century; copies of archival documents tell about the life of the family.
"Man-automaton"- the name of the second section of the exposition, in which life path Mikhail Timofeevich: military service, participation in the battles of the Great Patriotic War, creation of a machine gun, development of a complex of small arms.
This section of the exposition completes the arsenal - a set of small arms designed by Mikhail Kalashnikov.
Model of the MMG AK 74 assault rifle - a gift to the museum
from M.T.Kalashnikov.
The third section of the exposition "Legendary person" shows Mikhail Timofeevich not only as a world-famous outstanding designer of small arms, but also as a person whose name is associated with endless love for the Motherland, with the desire to ensure its security.
Interesting Facts
In some African countries newborns are given the name Kalash - in honor of the Kalashnikov assault rifle.
At former president Saddam Hussein's Iraq was a gold-plated AK of a modified design.
In 2008, the Central Bank of the Russian Federation issued coins with the image of a Kalashnikov assault rifle in honor of the 450th anniversary of the entry of Udmurtia into Russia.
The Kalashnikov assault rifle is used in the coats of arms and flags of some countries:
Flag of Mozambique
Coat of arms of Mozambique
Coat of arms of Zimbabwe
Coat of arms of Burkina Faso
in 1984-1997
"My heartache unbearable, the same insoluble question: since my machine gun took people's lives, then I, Mikhailo Kalashnikov, ninety-three years old, the son of a peasant woman, a Christian and Orthodox by faith, is guilty of the death of people, even an enemy?
“Yes, the number of temples and monasteries on our land is increasing, but evil still does not decrease! .. Good and evil live, coexist, fight and, worst of all, reconcile with each other in the souls of people - this is what I came to at sunset his earthly life. It turns out some perpetual motion machine, which I so wanted to invent in my younger years. Light and shadow, good and evil - two opposites of one whole, unable to exist without each other? And did the Almighty arrange everything like that? And humanity to vegetate forever in this ratio?
Mikhail Timofeevich wrote a penitential letter to Patriarch Kirill of Moscow and All Russia six months before his death.
In it, he shares his mental anguish and doubts about the responsibility for the deaths of many people who were killed from a machine gun created by him.
Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov
Buried at the Federal Military
memorial cemetery.
slide 1
Great designer of the USSR and Russia
Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov
Created by the OBZH teacher MKOU Zherlyk secondary school No. 20 Zyryanov Alexander Sergeevich 2013
slide 2
Dossier Biography Childhood years War time The Great Patriotic War The first sample of the assault rifle The beginning of the creation of the AKM Adoption of the AKM into service Production of the AK 74 Assignment of a doctoral degree Professional growth Last years Life Weapon Mods
slide 3
Full name: Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov. Date of Birth: November 10, 1919. Place of birth: s. Kurya, Altai province, RSFSR. Date of death: December 23, 2013 (aged 94).
Types of troops: Armed forces RF. Years of service: 1938-2013 Rank: Lieutenant General Battle: Great Patriotic War
slide 4
Biography
Born in the village of Kurya, Altai Territory. He was the seventeenth child in a large peasant family, in which eighteen were born, and eight children survived.
Father - Kalashnikov Timofey Aleksandrovich (1883-1930). Mother - Kalashnikova Alexandra Frolovna (1884-1957).
slide 5
Childhood
In 1930, the family - Timofey Aleksandrovich Kalashnikov, recognized as a fist, was exiled from the Altai Territory to the Tomsk Region, the village of Nizhnyaya Makhovaya. From childhood, Mikhail Timofeevich was interested in technology, exploring with interest the structure and principles of operation of various mechanisms. At school he was fond of physics, geometry and literature.
slide 6
War time
In the autumn of 1938 he was drafted into the Red Army in the Kyiv Special Military District. After the course of junior commanders, he received the specialty of a tank driver and served in the 12th tank division in the city of Stryi (Western Ukraine).
Already there, he showed his inventive abilities - he developed an inertial counter of shots from a tank gun, an adaptation for a TT pistol to increase the efficiency of firing through slots in a tank turret, and a tank motor resource counter.
Slide 7
The Great Patriotic War
He began the Great Patriotic War in August 1941 as a tank commander with the rank of senior sergeant, and in October he was seriously wounded near Bryansk. In the hospital, he really got excited about the idea of creating his own model of automatic weapons.
He began to make sketches and drawings, comparing and analyzing his own impressions of the battles, the opinions of his comrades in arms, the contents of the books of the hospital library.
Slide 8
The first sample machine
In 1941, Mikhail Timofeevich created the first sample of a submachine gun
In 1944, he created a prototype self-loading carbine, which partially served as a prototype for the creation of an assault rifle.
Slide 9
The beginning of the creation of AKM
Since 1945, Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov began the development of automatic 7.62 mm weapons.
slide 11
AK 74 production
By May 20, 1949, 1,500 assault rifles manufactured at the Motozavod were produced, successfully passed military tests and were adopted by the Soviet Army.
In the same year, the creator of the machine was awarded the Stalin Prize of the first degree and the Order of the Red Star.
slide 12
PhD award
In 1971, according to the totality of research and design work and inventions, Kalashnikov was awarded academic degree the doctors technical sciences. He is an academician of 16 different Russian and foreign academies. He has 35 copyright certificates for inventions.
slide 13
Professional growth
In 1969, Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov was awarded military rank colonel; In 1994, the military rank of Major General; In 1999, the military rank of lieutenant general.
Slide 14
last years of life
In 2012, the health of Mikhail Timofeevich began to deteriorate due to advanced age. In December, he was hospitalized at the Republican Clinical Diagnostic Center (RCDC) of Udmurtia for a scheduled examination. By the beginning of the summer of 2013, the designer's condition worsened again. In Moscow, Mikhail Timofeevich was diagnosed with pulmonary embolism. Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov died on December 23, 2013. Shortly before his death, he was transferred to intensive care with a diagnosis of gastric bleeding.
Mikhail Timofeevich was buried at the Federal War Memorial Cemetery.
slide 15
Created weapons Assault rifles Machine guns Carbines
AK AKN AKM AKMS AKMSU AKMN AKMSN AKS74UN AKS74UB AK-101 (5.56 mm) AK-102 (5.56 mm) AK-103 (7.62 mm) AK-104 (7.62 mm) AK-105 (5 .45 mm)
RPK RPKS RPK74 RPKS74 PK (1961) PKS (1961) PKM (1969) PKMS PKT PKB (7.62 mm) PKMB RPK74 RPKS74
"Saiga" with optical sight(7.62 mm) "Saiga 5.6" "Saiga 5.6C" "Saiga-410" "Saiga-20"
Born in the village of Kurya, Altai Territory. He was the seventeenth child in a large peasant family, in which eighteen were born, and eight children survived. In 1930, the family of his father, Timofey Aleksandrovich Kalashnikov, who was recognized as a fist, was exiled from the Altai Territory to the Tomsk Region, the village of Nizhnyaya Mokhovaya (now Bakcharsky District, near the village of Parbig). From childhood, he was interested in technology, exploring with interest the structure and principles of operation of various mechanisms. At school he was fond of physics, geometry and literature. At the end of the seventh grade, with the permission of his parents, he returned to Altai, to Kurya, but could not get a job. After studying there for another year, he decided to return to his mother and stepfather, where, having corrected the date of birth in the documents, he received a passport. A few months later, after returning to Kurya again, he first got acquainted with the device of the weapon, dismantling the Browning pistol with his own hands. At the age of 18, he left his native village and moved to Kazakhstan, where he began working as an accountant at the depot of the Matai station of Turkestan-Siberian railway. Communication with machinists, turners, mechanics of the depot strengthened Mikhail's interest in technology, and gave rise to a desire to do something himself. In the autumn of 1938 he was drafted into the Red Army in the Kyiv Special Military District. After the course of junior commanders, he received the specialty of a tank driver and served in the 12th tank division in the city of Stryi (Western Ukraine). Already there, he showed his inventive abilities - he developed an inertial counter of shots from a tank gun, an adaptation for a TT pistol to increase the efficiency of firing through slots in a tank turret, and a tank motor resource counter. The device for accounting for the motor resources of a tank was the first invention of the young tanker Kalashnikov, recommended for mass production back in 1940, but they did not have time to organize it. The last invention was quite significant, as evidenced by the fact that Kalashnikov was called to report on him to the commander of the Kyiv Special Military District, General of the Army Georgy Zhukov. After a conversation with the commander, he is sent to the Kiev Tank Technical School for the manufacture of prototypes, and after completion of the tests, to Moscow for comparative tests and then to the Leningrad Voroshilov Plant, for refinement and launch in a series.
Loading...
