Research practice of masters is an example. Postgraduate student report on pedagogical and research practice

Completing the master's program, the student is required to undergo research practice. This is an opportunity to consolidate all the knowledge accumulated in theory and develop practical skills in their application, which are so necessary in the future profession. Based on the results of his activities, the student draws up a report and submits to his curator.

Scientific research practice (R&D) of undergraduates

Internship for undergraduates is a mandatory step educational process in any direction - economics, law, pedagogy, etc. Every master student must pass it at the end of the academic semester. The scope and schedule of the R&D is agreed with the supervisor. The undergraduate also coordinates the place for his temporary work with the educational department.

Goals and objectives of research

The purpose of the practice can be called the systematization of the theoretical base accumulated during the period of study, as well as the formation of management skills scientific research by setting and solving problems on the topic of the dissertation.

The main task of the student's research work (RW) is to gain experience in the study of the problem posed, the selection of analytical materials for writing the final work.

During the research work, the student studies:

• information sources on the topic of his dissertation research;
• methods of modeling, data collection;
• modern software products;
• rules for the preparation of scientific and technical reports.

Based on the results of research work, a master student must finally formulate the topic of his dissertation, prove the relevance and practical value of this topic, develop a program for its study and independently implement scientific research.

Place and features of the research practice

Research practice can be carried out on the basis of an organization of any field of activity and form of ownership, an institution of a higher education system, in a state or municipal government.

Research practice for a master student consists of the following steps:

1. Preliminary stage (preparation of work plan)
2. Basic research phase
3. Compilation of a report

Attestation of a master student based on the results of his work is carried out on the basis of the defense of the submitted report.

To organize R&D it is necessary:

1. Choose a place for future practice, coordinating it with the head;
2. Conclude an agreement between the chosen base of practice and the university;
3. When directing students to practice, the curator of masters organizes a meeting at the department of the university and provides students with an internship program, diary, referral, individual assignment and other necessary documents.

Head of research from the university:

• helps to write an individual plan for the student;
• studies and evaluates the analytical materials collected during the work and the diary;
• carries out general management of the research process.

For the entire period of practice, the organization provides the undergraduate with a workplace. The head of practice from the organization is responsible for the current management of the research work (R&D) of the student.

ATits tasks include:

• drawing up a plan for the implementation of the program together with the undergraduate;
• monitoring the activities of the student and providing him with assistance if necessary;
• monitoring the progress of the program;
• verification of analytical materials selected in the course of research work;
• writing a review (characteristics);
• assistance in reporting.

During the period of practice, the student's work should be organized based on the logic of work on a master's thesis. In accordance with the chosen topic, a research program is drawn up. Undergraduates are required to regularly make entries in their diaries about all stages of the work being done. Upon completion research activities it is required to write a report on the undergraduate research practice and submit a finished report to the head of the department of your university.

Research Practice Report

All materials and diary entries collected as a result of practice are systematized and analyzed. Based on them, the undergraduate must make a report, which is submitted to the supervisor for verification within the time frame established by the curriculum. The last step is to defend the report in front of your leader and the commission. Based on the results of the defense, an assessment is made and admission to the next semester is issued.

The practice is evaluated on the basis of reporting documentation compiled by the undergraduate and his defense. It includes: a ready-made report on the internship and a diary.

R&D report structure

The practice report contains 25 - 30 pages and should have the following structure:

1. Title page.

2. Introduction, including:

2.1. Purpose of research, place and period of its passage.

2.2. List of completed tasks.

3. The main part.

4. Conclusion, including:

4.1. Description of acquired practical skills.

4.2. Individual conclusions about the value of the study.

5. List of sources.

6. Applications.

Also, the main content of the R&D report includes:

• list of bibliographic sources on the topic of the dissertation;
• review of existing scientific schools on the research topic. Usually arranged in the form of a table;
• a review of a scientific publication relevant to the topic;
• the results of the development of the theoretical basis of scientific research on their topic and an abstract review (relevance, degree of development of the direction in various studies, general characteristics of the subject, goals and objectives of their own scientific research, etc.). If the results of the research were presented by the undergraduate at conferences or articles were published in journals, then their copies are attached to the report.

The main evaluation criteria for the report are:

• the logic and structure of the presentation of the research material, the completeness of the disclosure of the topic, goals and objectives of the study;
• creativity generalization and analysis of data using the latest scientific methods;
• the skills of a clear and consistent presentation of the material, the presentation of the results of their work, the skills of mastering modern research methods, the selection of demonstration materials;

The final grade depends on the correctness of writing the report, so it is worth considering its preparation with due attention. You can even contact your supervisor and ask for an example of a report on the research practice of a master student. Such an example will help to avoid errors in the preparation and execution of the document, and hence the need to redo the work.

The passage of research practice is an important step in preparing for writing a master's thesis. On the basis of the data obtained, a well-written report and entries in the diary of the trainee, the final work is further formed.

Title page on research practice.doc (439.00 Kb) - Open, Download

Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation

Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution

Institute of Subsoil Use

Department of Mineral Processing and Engineering Ecology

1 Individual master's plan

2 General characteristics of the program execution

Research practice for undergraduates is aimed at ensuring the relationship between theoretical knowledge obtained during the assimilation of university educational program within the framework of the specialty "Environmental Safety", and practical activities for the application of this knowledge in the course of research work.

During my internship, I completed the following tasks:

Consolidation of knowledge, skills and abilities acquired by undergraduates in the process of studying the disciplines of the master's program

Mastering modern methods and methodology of scientific research, most relevant to the profile of the chosen master's program

Improving the skills and abilities of independent research activities

Gaining experience in scientific and analytical activities, as well as mastering the skills of presenting the results obtained in the form of reports, publications, reports

Formation of relevant skills in the field of preparation of scientific and educational materials using translation skills from foreign languages

I believe that the research practice program has been fully implemented.

Diary of teaching practice (assistant) in the specialty International economic relations

Diary of pedagogical practice (assistant) in the specialty International economic relations of a magistracy student Kyiv University tourism, economics and law:

1. 10/14/2011 - Familiarization with the organization of scientific and technical work of university teachers
2. 10/15/2011 - Coordination with the teacher of an individual schedule for lectures and seminars
3. 10/14/2011-11/03/2011 - Visiting the recommended classes of teachers of various disciplines
4. 10/16/11 - Conducting lectures according to the schedule
5. 10/19/2011-10/21/2011 - Coordination with the teacher of the prepared lecture material, developed test tasks and control questions for the seminar
6. 10/22/2011 - Conducting seminars according to an individual schedule
7. 28.10.2011- 6.11.2011 - Writing a report on the passage of teaching practice and writing an analysis of the classes attended.

p> For the passage of pedagogical practice, the discipline Methodology was chosen economics. The purpose of pedagogical practice is the professional and pedagogical preparation of undergraduates for creative scientific and methodological activities within a higher educational institution in the specialty International Economic Relations. According to the tasks and goals set, the process of passing the internship by the master included the following: Attending lectures in order to get acquainted with the methodology and features of teaching activities Acquiring and developing skills for independent analysis and evaluation of lectures, practical and seminars Selection of literature, drawing up a plan and schedule for lectures and seminars classes, which would contribute to the formation of skills for independent planning, organization and conduct of methodological work Preparation of lecture material, development of test tasks Conducting lectures and seminars, which made it possible to test their own knowledge and skills in organizing and conducting research work.

Compiled by Kuspanova, B.K. Master of Natural Sciences, Lecturer at the Department of Ecology and Nature Management of the West Kazakhstan Agrarian and Technical University named after Zhangir Khan

Mukhtarov M.U. Master of Agricultural Sciences, Lecturer at the Department of Mechanized Technologies and Land Management of the West Kazakhstan Agrarian and Technical University named after Zhangir Khan

Kabaeva S.M. Master of Natural Sciences, Lecturer at the Department of Ecology and Nature Management of the West Kazakhstan Agrarian and Technical University named after Zhangir Khan

Reviewer: Kydyrshaev A.S. Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor of the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of Kazakhstan,

Guidelines on "teaching practice" for 2nd year undergraduates in the specialty 6 N 0608-Ecology, 6 N 0806-Agroengineering

Developed on the basis of the State obligatory standard of the highest and postgraduate education of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the standard curriculum of the State Educational Standard of the Republic of Kazakhstan, approved by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated 5.04.019-2008 Higher education. Basic provisions 5.04.033-2008 Magistracy. Basic provisions

Discussed on __________ _______ 2012 Minutes No.

Approved by the UMC of the University in 2012, Protocol No. ____

Guidelines for "Pedagogical practice" is intended for 2nd year undergraduates studying in the scientific and pedagogical direction.

It contains all the necessary materials that can be useful to undergraduates during the passage of pedagogical practice - this is a program for pedagogical practice, samples of an individual plan, a diary, schemes for analyzing lectures, practical (seminar) laboratory classes, lesson plans, abstracts, a report on pedagogical practice.

The materials of the guidelines are compiled on the basis of the analysis of textbooks on teaching methods, a number of dictionaries, modern pedagogical and psychological sources with a focus on State standards on teaching methods for universities. The manual has been developed on the basis of a holistic and student-centered approach to the pedagogical process.

Introduction

1. GENERAL PROVISIONS AND REQUIREMENTS FOR THE ORGANIZATION OF PEDAGOGICAL PRACTICE OF MASTER STUDENTS………………………………………………………………….5

1.1. The main goals of pedagogical practice…………………………………6

1.2. Tasks of pedagogical practice……………………………………………..7

1.3. Organization and management of scientific and pedagogical practice………..7

2.1. Organizational work……………………………………………………8

2.2. Educational and methodological work……………………………………………….9

2.3. Educational work……………………………………………………. 9

2.4. Rights and obligations of undergraduates……………………………………….10

3. CONTROL OF THE WORK AND REPORTING OF MASTER STUDENTS ON PEDAGOGICAL PRACTICE………………………………………………….11

3.1. Forms of reporting on pedagogical practice………………………. 12

4. EXAMPLES OF PRACTICE PROGRAM DOCUMENTATION..12

4.1. Master’s individual plan………………………………………12

4.2. Diary of teaching practice……………………………………….14

15

4.2.2. Schedule of calls and classes……………………………………………..15

4.2.3. Technological map of educational and methodical and educational work undergraduate……………………………………………………………………..15

4.3. Characteristics of the material and technical base of the department……………. eighteen

4.4. Scheme of analysis of the lecture session …………………………………….18

4.5. Scheme of analysis of the seminar (practical) lesson………………. 22

4.6. Diagnostics of professional readiness for pedagogical activity of a novice teacher………………………………………23

4.7. Scheme of characteristics for undergraduates…………………………………..27

4.8. Individual task on pedagogical practice. 28

4.9. Approximate scheme of the outline of the lecture lesson……………..29

4.10. Approximate scheme of the plan-outline of the seminar (practical) lesson……………………………………………………………………………30

4.12. Review of the head on the passage of pedagogical practice ... ..32

List of basic literature………………………………………………..33

List of additional literature………………………………………..33

Research Practice Program

Approval sheet

Compiled. Ph.D. Associate Professor Director of the European Business School of the IKBFU I. Kant Altunina V.V.

1. Explanatory note

1.1. The place of research practice in the structure of the Basic Educational Program (BEP) for the preparation of masters in the direction 080100.68-Economics program "European Economics and Entrepreneurship".

Research practice is included in the cycle "Practice and research work" and is a mandatory part of the main educational program in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard in the direction of Economics.

The normative justification is the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Professional Education in the direction 080100.68 Economics, the curriculum in the direction 080100.68 Economics under the program "European Economics and Entrepreneurship".

1.2. The purpose of research practice.

The research practice of undergraduates is carried out with the aim of collecting, analyzing and summarizing scientific material, developing original scientific ideas for the preparation of the final qualifying (master's) work and obtaining the skills of independent research work, as well as to consolidate the formed competencies in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Professional Education (OK - 2 - 5 PCs 5-12, PC-17-18) in the course of deepening the theoretical and practical knowledge that the masters received in the process of studying at the master's program at the university (Appendix 1).

1.3. Tasks of research practice:

To systematize and deepen the theoretical knowledge necessary for the high-quality and effective implementation of professional activities in the disciplines of specialization in the context of the master's program

Work out the application of competencies in the research work of an economist

Conduct an experimental (empirical) study in line with a master's thesis

Justify theoretical conclusions master's research.

To test the methods, technologies, models, projects developed in the master's study.

Organize and conduct a planned study to test the hypothesis of the master's work.

To learn in practice the most important aspects of managing the object of study and the features of analyzing its activities in order to make the right business decisions to improve the efficiency of a particular enterprise, organization.

1.4. Basic training requirements necessary for the successful completion of the Research Practice.

The undergraduate must fully master the curriculum, including industrial practice, and form a theoretical and practical basis for the following competencies.

2. Structure of research practice.

2.1. Duration of practice: 3, 1/3 weeks.

2.2. The timing of the internship is set by the European Business School in accordance with the curriculum and the capabilities of the production base.

2.3. The regime is established based on the length of the working day of undergraduates during internships in organizations aged 18 years and older - no more than 40 hours per week (Article 91 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation). From the moment of enrollment of undergraduates during the period of practice as interns, they are subject to the rules of labor protection and internal labor regulations and other local regulations in force in the organization, with which they must be familiarized in the manner established by the organization.

2.4. Stages of work

Preparatory stage. Inclusion in the work of a real organization, getting acquainted with it and performing some functions within its framework, where the undergraduate needs to get acquainted with the structure and functioning of the organization and master the methods of conducting research and implementing developments used in the organization. Acquaintance with the content features of economic processes in a real organization. Studying the state of affairs and the needs of the organization in entrepreneurial activity in accordance with the main activities of the enterprise.

Planning stage. Based on the study of literature on the problem, the undergraduate sets the goal and objectives of scientific research in the field of European economics and entrepreneurship.

The undergraduate is responsible for the planning of the study, the adequacy of the methods and techniques used for the purposes of the work, the organization, conduct, collection and processing of empirical data, for the reliability of the results obtained and the conclusiveness of the conclusions.

Empirical research in the field of the European economy and entrepreneurship should be aimed at solving an actual problem, have theoretical and practical significance and novelty. Relevance is characterized from a practical and scientific point of view. Theoretical significance - the need to solve a specific scientific problem due to the lack of certain knowledge, research methods in the field of European economics and entrepreneurship. Practical significance is determined by the need to develop a methodology that has a practical focus.

Typically, the process of empirical research includes the following steps:

1) Studying the state of the problem and clarifying the research topic. Statement of the problem, substantiation of relevance, choice of object and subject of research. Review of available publications on this issue.

2) Development or refinement of the original research concept. Building in in general terms models of the phenomenon of interest. Putting forward hypotheses.

3) Study planning. Definition of goals and objectives. Choice of methods and techniques.

4) Data collection, their analysis and description. AT theoretical study: search and selection of facts, their systematization.

5) Processing and interpretation of the received data.

6) Evaluation of the results of hypothesis testing, interpretation of the results within the framework of the original research concept.

7) Correlation of results with existing concepts and theories. Refinement of the model of the phenomenon under study. Formulation of general conclusions. Assessing the prospects for further development of the problem (Appendix 16, 17).

Practical stage. At this stage, the undergraduate carries out the activities of an economist in accordance with the tasks set, the main directions of entrepreneurial activity at the enterprise, and the plan practical work.

Research stage. The undergraduate conducts research in accordance with the problem recommended or defined by him, the research goal, hypothesis and tasks.

Analytical stage. The master student analyzes the results of the study, identifying the features of entrepreneurial and economic activity in the company under study. At this stage, it is advisable to use both the data obtained during the diagnostic study and the information obtained from the study of the best practices of foreign enterprises of the EU countries, observation data. Based on the analysis data, the choice of means and methods of economic support is carried out in accordance with the main areas of work of an economist. In accordance with the needs for economic assistance to the enterprise identified in the process of analyzing the results of the study, the master's master's practice plan is adjusted.

Summarizing stage. The analysis of the results of research practice, the most successful forms of work, the difficulties encountered in the implementation of the main activities is carried out. The results of research practice are summarized and presented in the form of a report.

2.5. Practice leadership: two leaders are appointed for research practice: from the production (organization) from among the leading specialists and from the European Business School of the IKBFU. I. Kant from qualified professors and associate professors.

Practice leader from the European Business School of the IKBFU I. Kant is obliged:

Ensure interaction with practice leaders from enterprises

Prepares everything on time Required documents.

Provide assistance to undergraduates in the development of an individual practice plan and advise on the implementation of this plan.

Carry out control over observance by undergraduates of terms of practice and its contents. Check the quality of the work done by the undergraduate.

Conducts organizational and final conference.

Supervise the performance of individual assignments by magistrates, provide methodological assistance in the performance of individual assignments and the collection of materials for research work, and advise them on the implementation of the practice program.

Accept reports of undergraduates on practice, and feedback from supervisors.

As part of the commission, evaluate the defense of reports on practice and put down an assessment in the test sheet.

At the end of the practice management, a report is compiled and submitted to the director of the European Business School.

Makes necessary changes and additions to the practice program.

The head of practice from the enterprise is obliged:

Get acquainted with the internship program and the individual work plan of the undergraduate, organize activities in accordance with the program and plan.

Instruct the undergraduate about the rules of safety in the workplace.

To give the opportunity to the undergraduate during the first 1-2 days to get acquainted with the institution, its structure, specialists, provide him with the necessary documents, regulations, other materials regulating the activities of this institution.

Help the undergraduate in consolidating the necessary competencies in practice.

Involve the undergraduate to participate in various events organized and conducted by the institution (as part of the internship program).

To create the conditions necessary for the implementation of research work for the undergraduate. At the request of the undergraduate, provide days to visit libraries and work with literature, monitor the results of work.

Daily check and certify the diary of the undergraduate's practice.

At the end of the internship, provide the undergraduate with a reference.

3. Bases for the passage of research practice

3.1. With a list of the main bases for the research practice of undergraduates of the IKBFU. I. Kant undergraduate can be found at the European Business School.

3.2. In addition to the places of practice offered by the university, masters are given the right to independently search for a place for professional research practice.

To the European Business School of the IKBFU And Kant masters represent:

1) Application addressed to the director of the European Business School of the IKBFU And Kant about the place of the alleged practice. The application must be submitted one month before the start of the research practice (Appendix 2).

2) Short-term contract for the passage of research practice.

The agreement is signed at the institution where the undergraduate plans to undergo research practice and is certified by the round seal of the institution.

4.1. After fixing the place of practice, the undergraduate draws up reporting documentation on research practice according to the model.

4.2. When planning a research practice, the following schedule of the trainee's activities is recommended.

familiarity with the rules and regulations of the enterprise

familiarity with the documentation

work planning for the period of practice

planning and preparation for the study.

2-3 weeks:

work on the instructions of the head

conducting scientific research.

1/3 weeks:

report design

summarizing practice

obtaining characteristics.

5. Responsibilities of an intern

Undergraduates during the internship are required to:

Obey the work schedule of the base institution.

Follow the daily study load in the amount of 6 academic hours.

Timely and qualitatively fulfill the tasks of the practice, daily processes and summarizes the accumulated material.

Follow the instructions and instructions of the heads of practice from the university and the institution.

Fill out the practice diary daily and submit it to the head of the practice from the institution for signature.

6. Report on the passage of scientific research practice

6.1. Reporting form.

At the end of the research practice, the undergraduate submits for evaluation and storage in the personal files of the masters:

Research Practice Report (part 1):

1) Title page (Appendix 4)

3) Task plan (Research practice program) (Appendix 6)

4) Individual schedule of the Research Practice (Appendix 7)

5) Diary of the Research Practice with a brief review of the head of practice from production to trainee (Appendix 8)

5) The text report of the trainee on the passage of the Research Practice and its presentation (Appendix 9),

6) Characteristics for the trainee on the letterhead of the organization signed by the head at the place of internship (Appendix 10)

7) Review of the supervisor from the Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University on the results of the research practice (Appendix 12).

6.2. Report formatting.

The optimal volume of the report is 20 - 25 pages of printed text 14 in Times New Roman font, 1.5 intervals, justified alignment, paragraph indentation 1.27, intervals before and after paragraphs are not allowed

The report is illustrated as necessary with video and photographic materials, drawings, maps, diagrams, etc. however, they are not included in the above volume, but reflect the volume and quality of the work done and the problems studied.

The master's report is drawn up in the format of a Power point presentation and presented at the practice conference.

6.3. The report is signed by the undergraduate with the date of submission to the department.

7.1. Based on the results of the professional research practice, an assessment is made.

7.2. When evaluating practice on defense, the following is taken into account:

Compliance of the report with the assignment for research practice

The degree of completeness of the tasks performed, the achievement of the goal of scientific research

Compliance with the internship schedule

Characteristics of the undergraduate by the head of the host organization

Preparation of practice report.

The assessment of the research practice takes into account the opinion and assessment of the head of the production practice, but is put by the head of the research practice of the Master's department of the IKBFU European Business School. I. Kant based on the full vision of the work done by the undergraduate and the report.

7.3. Criteria for evaluation.

"Excellent" is given to the master, who completed on time and at a high level the entire planned scope of work required by the internship program, showing at the same time high level professional competence within the framework of practice, and also showed independence and creativity in work.

“Good” is given to a master who completed the planned internship program on time and in full, however, the reporting documentation contains some shortcomings related to the depth of the analysis of the material.

The grade "satisfactory" is given to the undergraduate who completed the internship program, but did not submit the report on time during the internship, found insufficient development of basic skills, did not show initiative in work.

"Unsatisfactory" is given to a master's student who did not cope with the internship program, violated the norms and requirements for the work of an intern, and also did not show independence, did not find the necessary competencies.

Grades are not given to undergraduates who do not have any of the listed reporting items.

7.4. A graduate student who has not submitted a report on the completion of a research practice within the established time frame is expelled for academic failure.

Abduction is a way of reasoning from existing data to a hypothesis that explains or evaluates them better than alternative hypotheses. For the first time, Ch.S. began to be developed and used. Pierce for constructing explanatory hypotheses in science.

The axiomatic method is a method of constructing and analyzing a scientific theory, in which some of its initial concepts and main statements are distinguished, from which, firstly, derivative concepts are formed by the rules of definition, and secondly, other statements are deduced through logical deduction: theories.

Algorithm - from the Latinized form of the name of the Central Asian scientist Al-Khwarizmi) - a finite set of precise instructions or rules by which one can solve the same type or mass tasks and problems. The simplest familiar algorithms are arithmetic operations with numbers.

Analogy is a non-demonstrative inference, when, on the basis of the similarity or similarity of two objects according to some of their characteristics (properties and relationships), they conclude that they are similar in other respects.

Approbation - establishing the truth, competent assessment and constructive criticism of the grounds, methods and results of research work, its approval.

An artifact is an unreliable fact distorted as a result of the influence of random factors.

Validation - The process of evaluating the extent to which a test or other measuring tool actually measures what it is intended to measure.

Validity is a characteristic of a research methodology that reflects the accuracy of the measurement of the corresponding means, showing how the results obtained using this methodology are adequate to those that were supposed to be intended.

The general population is a collection of objects in accordance with some defining feature (features) or characteristic (characteristics). This value is close to the concept of a set.

Hypothesis - 1. In scientific work, any statement, proposition or conjecture that serves as a preliminary explanation of certain facts. A hypothesis is always presented in such a way that it can be subjected to empirical testing and then either confirmed or rejected as a result of evidence. 2. A broader meaning is a strategy adopted for solving some problem. In the most complex learning experiments, such as problem solving, concept formation, decision making, etc., the subject usually exhibits consistency from trial to trial, acting as if on the basis of some hypothesis, such as: “If there are conditions x and y, I will respond with reaction A, and if not, then I will try reaction B.

Data is a set of evidence or facts collected through experiments or research.

The task (cognitive, educational, educational, research) is a link, a stage of movement towards the goal, a goal set in a specific situation that requires transformation, encourages the undergraduate to be active.

An idea is an idea associated with ideas about the ways of its implementation, methodically formalized, but existing only in the mind of the researcher (teacher).

An idea is a thought about the content and methods of transforming reality in the direction of achieving the desired goal, ideal.

The study of activity products is a research method that allows you to indirectly study the formation of knowledge and skills, interests and abilities of a person based on an analysis of the products of his activity.

Improvisation is the ability to react quickly, make decisions and produce results impromptu, without preparation.

Innovation is a profitable (profitable) use of innovations in the form of new technologies, types of products and services, organizational, technical and economic decisions of a different nature.

Innovation process - a set of changes in the course of activities, covering scientific, technical, production marketing and sales procedures for the creation and implementation of innovations and aimed at meeting specific social needs.

Intelligence Tests - Aggregate psychological tests designed to diagnose the level of development of the cognitive sphere and intelligence (mental potential) of a person.

Interview - a kind of research method of questioning in psychology and pedagogy. Involves in the process of oral survey to identify the experience, assessment and point of view of the respondent (respondent).

The concept is a system of initial theoretical positions, which serves as the basis for a research search.

Criterion - a generalized indicator of the development of the system, the success of the activity, the basis for classification. It involves the selection of a number of features by which criteria indicators can be determined.

Method is a very general meaning - a way of doing something, an orderly work with facts and concepts. Method - the principle and method of collecting, processing or analyzing data, as well as the principle of influencing an object.

Methodology - a form of implementation of the method, a set of techniques and operations (their sequence and relationship), a procedure or set of procedures to achieve a specific goal. The term is used very broadly, and, as a rule, some qualifying word is added to it, for example, statistical technique, experimental technique, etc.

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The program of research practice for the master's degree specialty 080504. 65-10

State University -

High School of Economics

Faculty

state and municipal administration

"__" ___________ 200__

Moscow, 200__

General provisions

The research practice program for the magistracy of the specialty 080504.65-10 "Management of urbanized complexes" was developed by the Department of City Economics and Municipal Management of the Faculty of State and Municipal Administration as graduating masters in this specialty.

This program was developed on the basis of the Regulations on the procedure for conducting student practice educational institutions higher professional education, approved by order of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation dated March 25, 2003 No. 1154, Regulations on the organization and conduct of students' practice at the State University - Higher School of Economics (hereinafter - SU-HSE), approved by order of the rector of the SU-HSE dated March 16 2005 No. 31-07 / 87, Regulations on the organization and conduct of student practice at the Faculty of State and Municipal Administration of the State University-Higher School of Economics, approved by the Academic Council of the Faculty on March 23, 2006, as well as in accordance with the approved working curricula and schedule educational process at the Faculty of State and Municipal Administration of the State University-Higher School of Economics.

In accordance with these documents, the HSE Faculty of State and Municipal Administration conducts educational or educational and familiarization, production, pre-diploma and research or scientific and pedagogical practice.

The practice of students is an integral part of the main educational program and pursues practical goals and objectives to consolidate students' theoretical knowledge gained in the learning process.

The state standard for magistracy of the direction 080504.65 "State and municipal management" of the specialty 080504.65-10 "Management of urbanized complexes" one of the provided types of practice is research practice.

The Department of City Economics and Municipal Management, which graduates masters in the specialty 080504.65-10 "Management of Urbanized Complexes", is the base department of the Foundation "Institute of City Economics". The Department of Urban Economics and Municipal Management, as a profile of the Institute of Urban Economics Foundation, specializes in the following areas:

study of the mechanisms of functioning of the city's economy and its main elements

analysis of the infrastructure of the urban economy and the main problems of its development

study of the economics of industries that form the basis for the development of the urban economy (housing and communal services, transport, energy, real estate market, etc.)

study and development of new forms, methods and tools for managing municipal socio-economic development

development of concepts and models of municipal socio-economic development and conditions for their effective use

study of domestic and foreign experience solving social and economic problems in the field of municipal development and developing proposals for its adaptation and use in the framework of solving current problems of municipalities, etc.

Research practice of masters is provided in the last year of study.

The total duration of practice is determined by the relevant state standard, curricula and practice program. Practice is mandatory.

In accordance with the basic curriculum of the specialty 080504.65-10 "Management of urban complexes" and the schedule of the educational process for the master's qualification, the duration of the research practice is 12 weeks. Research practice is carried out in 3 - 4 modules of the academic year.

In order to provide methodological and organizational support for the passage of research practice at the department, a person responsible for the practice and leaders of the practice is appointed. The deputy head of the department is responsible for the internship, the leaders of the practice are the leaders of master's theses approved at the meeting of the department.

The head of the department, the deputy head of the department, the leaders of the practice carry out work to prepare for the practice of students and are responsible for this. On the recommendation of the head of the department and taking into account the wishes of the students, they are given directions for practice. Changing the place of internship is made in exceptional cases.

2nd year Master's degree students enrolled in full-time and those working in their specialty can undergo research practice at the place of work if the place of internship is agreed with the head of the practice and the person responsible for the internship.

Purpose of practice

The main purpose of passing the research practice of masters is to collect, analyze and generalize scientific material, develop original scientific proposals and ideas for the preparation of a master's thesis.

Research practice is carried out with the aim of consolidating the acquired knowledge and acquiring practical skills and abilities for independent research and analytical work and building on its basis effective models for managing municipalities and their socio-economic development, as well as practical participation in the research work of teams researchers. The main result of the research practice is the preparation of a master's thesis.

Taking into account the indicated goals of the research practice of masters, the practice is carried out in various organizations and institutions in the profile of the faculty of state and municipal government, as well as the department of urban economics and municipal government. These organizations include the following:

committees of the State Duma and the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, carrying out activities in the field of organizing local self-government, managing municipal socio-economic development and its regulatory legal regulation

federal executive authorities

relevant subdivisions of the authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation

local governments and their structural subdivisions

scientific and research organizations carrying out activities in the field of the city's economy, first of all, the Institute of City Economics Foundation, etc.

Based on the results of the research practice, the student submits a practice diary and a brief report that describes the objectives of the practice, the scheme of the research or management process, the main stages of the practice and its results, and also provides a description and brief analysis of the materials collected during the practice and necessary for writing a master's thesis and new scientific developments and ideas.

If it is provided for by an individual task and is necessary for the preparation of a master's thesis, the practice report may also contain a description of the structure of the organization on the basis of which the research practice took place, the goals and directions of its activities, as well as intra-organizational interactions.

Organization and management of the practice

To organize and conduct the practice of masters of the Department of City Economics and Municipal Management of the Faculty of State and Municipal Management, a management system is created that functions on an ongoing basis with the allocation of responsible employees of the department who interact with each other and with representatives of organizations in which practice is carried out in matters of organization and conducting practice.

The head of the department is responsible for the quality of the internship. Coordination of the internship is carried out by the deputy head of the department.

Those responsible for the internship at the department develop internship programs that indicate the objectives of the internship, the content of each type of internship, describe the duties of interns and the functions of the internship leaders, and determine the structure of the internship report. The department submits to the dean's office the lists of teachers appointed by the heads of practice and information about the organizations on the basis of which students will undergo practice.

Heads of practice from the department:

take part in the distribution of students by places of practice

provide methodological assistance to students in the performance of individual tasks and the collection of materials

liaise with practice leaders from organizations and, together with them, draw up a work program for conducting practice

evaluate the results of students' implementation of the practice program.

Responsible for the internship at the department, based on its results, a report on the internship in educational part Faculty of State and Municipal Administration.

To manage the practice of students in organizations, in agreement with their leaders and responsible for the internship at the department, the leaders of the practice from the organization are determined.

Practice leader from the organization:

takes part in the development of assignments for students, in carrying out activities to prepare for the internship

approves an individual work plan for each student in accordance with the internship program

advises students on practice and reporting on the work done

at the end of the practice, evaluates the work of interns and endorses their reports

submits a written review of the practice along with comments and suggestions for its improvement.

Those responsible for the internship at the department keep records of the basic organizations for internship. The organization, cooperation with which in order to ensure the practice of students is carried out on a long-term permanent basis, is defined as the base organization for the practice.

The fixing of organizations as basic ones is carried out partially on a contractual basis. Responsibility for the search for objects of practice lies with the head of the department. The agreement between the SU-HSE and the organization reflects all issues related to the students' internship. The contract should provide for the appointment of a head of practice from the organization (as a rule, the head of the organization, his deputy or one of the leading specialists), as well as a person responsible for practice from the department.

Students can independently search for places of practice. In this case, students submit to the department a petition (consent) of the organization to provide a place for internship with an indication of the period.

If there are vacancies in organizations, students can be enrolled in them if the work meets the requirements of the internship program. In order to more evenly distribute students to places of practice, it is allowed to conduct practice in several streams (for example, in groups), by alternating study groups due to the time provided by the curricula for practice, self-study, holidays.

It is allowed to conduct practice in free from training sessions time for individual assignments. In this case, the student submits an application to the department responsible for practice, containing the rationale for the impossibility of completing the practice within the time limits established by the schedule of the educational process. Based on the application, responsible for the practice from the department, together with the head of the department and the leaders of the practice, a decision is made on the possibility of postponing the timing of the practice.

Practice reporting

For additional verification of the quality of the internship, first of all, the acquired knowledge, skills and abilities, as well as in order to assess the quality of the collected materials necessary for writing a master's thesis, students must provide the following materials and documents:

practice diary, designed in accordance with established requirements

a report on the work done, containing a description of the activities carried out during the internship, the knowledge and skills gained, an analysis of the difficulties in working on the collected materials, an assessment of one's creative successes and shortcomings

feedback from the head of practice from the department

feedback from the organization in which the practice took place.

In accordance with the Regulations on the organization and conduct of student internships at the State University - Higher School of Economics (hereinafter - SU-HSE), approved by order of the rector of the SU-HSE dated March 16, 2005 No. 31-07 / 87 and the Regulations on the organization and conduct of internships students at the HSE Faculty of State and Municipal Administration, approved by the Academic Council of the faculty on March 23, 2006. The student submits a report on the practice no later than five days after the end of the practice (including weekends and holidays) responsible for practice from the department.

The report must be accompanied by materials collected and analyzed during the internship.

Based on the results of the internship, a statement is drawn up.

Form of final control

The form of control in practice is determined in accordance with the approved working curricula of the department.

The practice of students is evaluated on a ten-point system and is taken into account when summing up the overall progress of students.

Students who have not completed the practice program for a good reason are sent to practice again, in their free time from study.

Students who did not complete the internship program without a valid reason or who received a negative grade in the final courses are not allowed to the final state attestation and may be subject to expulsion from the SU-HSE as having an academic debt, in the manner prescribed by the Regulations on the Forms of Knowledge Control HSE students, approved by the Academic Council of the HSE (Minutes of September 27, 2002 No. 29).

Head of the Department of City Economics

and municipal government

In the process of postgraduate study, a young scientist must undergo an internship, which will result in the preparation of a report on the teaching practice of a postgraduate student, or, for a researcher, on research practice. These requirements apply to all specialists preparing to write a dissertation.

Practice is a form of education built on the manifestation and consolidation of the postgraduate student's skills of independent practical work and the ability to conduct research.

The tasks assigned to him in practice must necessarily correlate with the direction of his future professional activity.

Postgraduate student teaching practice report

Each graduate student is required to undergo pedagogical practice, and not just scientific. After passing the scientific, it will be easier for him to pass the profile exam in the specialty. Pedagogical practice involves mastering the skill of teaching in higher education, the skills of independent formation of scientific and methodological documents, technologies for selecting relevant educational material, and the skill of objectively evaluating learning outcomes. It takes place twice, in the penultimate and last semester of postgraduate studies. Its volume is 100 hours. The result of the internship is a report. After passing it, the practice and documents on its passage are protected. For protection, a graduate student submits to the department:

• an assignment for practice signed by the supervisor, including the name of the topic, the deadline for submitting and preparing the report, the schedule for passing;
• the progress report itself, on its title page must be signed by the teacher;
• collected materials.

All documents must be prepared and submitted to the department within a week from the date of completion of the practice. Protection occurs during the period of intermediate certification. A successful defense is formalized in the form of an offset.

Postgraduate research practice report. Example

Research practice should provide the graduate student with a rich practical material, the analysis of which will be part of the dissertation. The completion of the practical skills training will not be considered completed until the preparation and defense of the report. 48-50 hours are allotted for the practice itself, and a week is allotted for preparation, but it is necessary to start writing it from the first days of practice, the seriousness of the requirements for form and content determine the degree of responsibility of the approach.

Report of a 1st year postgraduate student. Sample

Postgraduate study with full-time education lasts three years, with correspondence - 4 years. During this time, he must pass exams and write a dissertation. By the second year, he already has an idea of ​​the structure and methods of research and is ready to test them in practice. More serious tasks are set before him, and he is already ready to interact with students and colleagues. It is then that he needs to undergo pedagogical practice, during which the graduate student will be able to better understand the discipline being studied, posing questions to students regarding certain aspects of his future dissertation. The results of students' work can become one of the essential parts of the practice report. The requirements for it do not change, you should focus on GOST in form, and in content, close attention will be paid to the quality of the collected materials.

Postgraduate student report 2 years of study. Sample

The procedure for completing an internship is often determined by the internal regulations adopted at the university, in the structure of which the postgraduate study is located. For a graduate student, the task for scientific and industrial practice will be prepared by his supervisor. The practice can take place in specialized research institutes or at the department to which the young scientist is attached. The report should show that the scientist coped with the tasks assigned to him. It should contain:

• research methodology, methods of organizing work with empirical data and literature;
• initial study of issues that will be further considered in the dissertation;
• argumentation for future discussions during the defense of the dissertation;
• theoretical models of the processes under study;
• generalization of results.

The report format may not contain all the collected data, so they can be issued as annexes to it, which are also prepared in accordance with the requirements of GOST.

Little time is allotted for the preparation of a dissertation, and the work of a young scientist should not be wasted. All collected results, arguments and materials should find their place in the report, which will then form the basis of future scientific work.

Introduction
1. The concept of marriage and family relations
2. Dynamics of marriage norms and family formation
3. The study of family and marriage orientations and attitudes in modern Russia
4. Refinement of the object
5. Clarification of conditions
6. Description of methods
List of sources used

Introduction

Relevance. Family and marriage relations are of particular interest to researchers, since the family is one of the fundamental institutions of society, giving it stability and the ability to replenish the population in each next generation. The state of the family is both a consequence and a cause of a number of processes taking place in modern society. It not only experiences the powerful influence of all acting factors
social dynamics, but in many respects it determines and reproduces these factors.

Modern research in the field of the family indicates the presence of many negative trends in its development. There is an increase in such negative processes as: the degradation of the family lifestyle, the spread of alternative forms of marriage and family relations, the decrease in the prestige of the family, the need to have children, the increase in the number of divorces, etc. Researchers in their opinions agree that these processes indicate change family orientation and values ​​in modern society.

The relevance of this topic is associated with the great importance of the institution of the family in society. The study of family and marriage attitudes is necessary to identify the features of the functioning of the family in modern conditions. The most important social function of the modern family is the education of the future family man, that is, the preparation of the younger generation for marriage and family relations. Therefore, in considering the dynamics of family orientations in modern society, a special place is occupied by the study of family attitudes of young people, attitudes towards the family and family values, since it plays an important role in replacing outgoing generations and in reproducing the socio-demographic structure of society. The concept of youth is understood as a special socio-demographic group experiencing a period of formation of social maturity, the position of which is determined by the socio-economic state of society. Trends and prospects for the development of the younger generation are of great interest and practical importance for society, primarily because they determine its future.

The development of modern Russian society cannot be imagined without stable family relations, which largely depend on the stability of society, on the social policy pursued by the state in relation to the family. The problem of studying the marriage and family attitudes of today's youth is very relevant, given the important role of youth in the reproduction of the socio-demographic structure of the country. Processes of industrialization and globalization characteristic of the present stage of development of society, changes in systems social roles, generally accepted norms, values ​​and attitudes have affected all social institutions, including the family. In recent decades, family relations have been changing under the influence of numerous intra-family and external, social factors that lead to the transformation of value orientations and views on marriage and family among young people.

The family is the primary cell of the social community of people, built on marriage or consanguinity, as well as one of the most ancient social institutions. The family is a complex social phenomenon, which combines all the variety of forms of social relations and processes. No other social entity can satisfy as many diverse human, individual and social needs as the family. It is a social group that leaves its mark on the whole life of a person. It is in the family that the first acquaintance of a person with the world, the rules and norms that exist in it; it is the family that gives him direct knowledge about life in general, its ideals and values. In addition, the modern family is characterized by a rather impressive percentage of divorces, an increase in the number of cohabitations, which are becoming more and more popular among young people. Internal changes include an increasing increase in individual needs in the hierarchy life values spouses; increasing the value of partnerships in marriage; weakening the differences between male and female roles, both in the family and outside it; strengthening of the tendency towards the nuclearity of the family and, as a result, the weakening of family ties.

Purpose of the study. Determine the attitude of young people to the family and their readiness to create a family.

Hypothesis: The ideas about marriage and family relations among young people are associated with their ideas about love and sympathy, about family roles, and are also connected with their value orientations, which are of a destructive nature.

Research objectives:
1) Reveal the value orientations of young people;
2) Determine the readiness of young people to create a family;
3) Reveal personal factors influencing the desire to marry;
4) To identify the barriers facing young couples when creating a family;
5) Factors influencing the opinion about the family.

Subject of study: Ideas about marriage and family relations among young people: about love and sympathy; family roles and value orientations.

Object of study: 75 subjects aged 18-30 years with different experience of family relationships.

Psychodiagnostic methods: Scale of love and sympathy (author Z. Rubin, modification by L.Ya. Gozman and Yu.E. Aleshina);

Rokeach's method "Value Orientations";

Family roles and questionnaire distribution of roles in the family

(Yu.E. Aleshina, L.Ya. Gozman, E.M. Dubovskaya).

Research methods: observation, conversation and questioning.

1. The concept of marriage and family relations

The concept of family is different for different peoples. Significant changes took place in different periods human history. The protection of family relations is regulated by many branches of law, which interpret the concept of "family" in different ways. There is no single definition of the family in monographic studies. A family is based on marriage or consanguinity. small group, whose members are connected by common life, mutual assistance, moral and legal responsibility [Ozhegov, S.I. Dictionary of the Russian language / S.I. Ozhegov. - M., 2007., p.515-516]. S.I. Ozhegov defines a family as a group of relatives living together. At the same time, a family, people living together, their household, as well as an apartment, are a home. Everything that relates to the home, family and private life is considered home [Fundamentals of juvenile law: textbook. allowance. - Voronezh, 2006. - T. 1., p. 58, 194]. According to L. A. Kolpakova, a family is a social group whose members are united by legal or actual marriage relations, relations of kinship or property, mutual rights and obligations arising from family legal relations, common life and emotional and psychological ties [Kolpakova, L. BUT. Domestic Violence: Victimological Aspect, Differentiation of Responsibility and Issues of Legislative Technique: Author. diss. … cand. legal Sciences. 12.00.05 / Kolpakova Lyudmila Alexandrovna. - Yaroslavl, 2007. - 17 p.].

G. F. Shershenevich pointed out: “The family is a permanent cohabitation of a husband, wife and children, that is, it is a union of persons related by marriage and persons descended from them” [Shershenevich G.F. c. 259]. With all this, he especially emphasized that “the physical and moral makeup of the family is created apart from law ... The legal moment is necessary and expedient in the field of property relations of family members” [Shershenevich G.F. c. 259]. The Russian philosopher N. Berdyaev defined the essence of the family in that it “always was, is and will be a positivist worldly institution of improvement, biological and social ordering of the life of the family” [Berdyaev, N. c. 257].

Sociologist A. G. Kharchev believes that the family can be defined as a historically specific system of relationships between spouses, between parents and children, as a small social group whose members are connected by marriage or kinship, common life and mutual moral responsibility, the social necessity of which is due to the need society in the physical and spiritual reproduction of the population [Kharchev, A.G. Marriage and family in the USSR / A.G. Kharchev. - M, 2010., p. 75].

When we talk about the most important social institutions, we name the family among the first. The family is the main institution of human society. In turn, the institution of the family includes many more private institutions, namely: the institution of marriage, the institution of kinship, the institution of motherhood and fatherhood, the institution of property, the institution of social protection of childhood and guardianship, and others.

Marriage is an institution that regulates relations between the sexes. In society, sexual relations are regulated by a set of cultural norms. Of course, sexual relations can take place outside of marriage, and marriage itself can exist without them. However, marriage in human society is considered the only acceptable, socially approved and legal form of not only permitted, but mandatory sexual relations of spouses.

Thus, we can conclude that marriage and family relations are specific social relations that presuppose the existence of certain features of their development.

The most important functions of the family and marriage include the following:

1) reproduction of the population - the physical and spiritual and moral reproduction of a person in the family;

2) educational function - the socialization of the younger generation, maintaining the cultural reproduction of society;

3) household - maintaining the physical health of members of society, caring for children and elderly family members;

4) economic - obtaining material resources of some family members for others, economic support for minors and disabled members of society;

5) the function of spiritual communication - the development of the personalities of family members, spiritual mutual enrichment;

6) social status - granting a certain status to family members, reproduction social structure;

7) leisure - organization of rational leisure, mutual enrichment of interests;

8) emotional - receiving psychological protection, emotional support, emotional stabilization of individuals and their psychological therapy;

9) the function of primary social control is the moral regulation of the behavior of family members in various spheres of life, as well as the regulation of responsibility and obligations in relations between spouses, parents and children.

2. Dynamics of marriage norms and family formation

The family and marriage sphere is regulated and regulated by one or another value-normative system of its subjects and objects. The subjective factors of this type of interpersonal interaction include the marriage and family attitude, including the attitude towards marriage, the birth of children, gender-role attitude, and the values ​​of the family. Scientists divide this kind of social attitude into three types: egocentric, sociocentric, and traditional. Although the age cycle life path from 17 to 23 years old, mainly characterized by the positioning of the family as a value, it becomes clear according to the data of many sociological studies of the last decade that the family lifestyle is not a priority in the personal value-normative systems of student youth.

In addition, gender-role attitudes on family life. If in Soviet times girls were predominantly sociocentric oriented in this area, that is, on cooperation with a man, fulfilling maternal duty, responsibility for the family team, then in last years there is an immoral reorientation to egocentric attitudes: an outright pursuit of pleasure, having few children, a tolerant attitude towards the dissolution of marriages, abortions, etc. At the same time, scientists also record purely socio-psychological differences in the value orientations of modern students Russian universities Thus, young men expect emotional and entertainment benefits from marriage, while girls still hope to get communicative comfort and psychological comfort in it.

“The marriage rate has been decreasing since the early 1990s. Thus, if in 1980 there were 10.6 marriages per thousand population, in 1990 - 8.9, in 1996 - 5.9, in 2000 - 6.2, then in 2006 - 7.8. In the new economic and socio-cultural conditions of post-Soviet Russia, the institution of marriage and the attitude towards it inevitably changed.

Having fallen in 1998 to a minimum value of 849 thousand, the number of registered marriages subsequently grew, increasing in 2011 to 1316 thousand. Deviations from the growth trend were noted in 2004 and 2008. In general, during the period 1998-2011, the number of marriages increased by 55%. However, fewer marriages were registered in 2012 than in 2011 (1213.6 against 1316.0 thousand) .

The reasons why people are not ready to marry can be: fear of divorce and the emotional, economic and legal consequences associated with it. Many are also afraid social problems following a divorce - what relatives, friends, colleagues will think and say. In some cases, divorce is also unacceptable for religious and national-cultural reasons.

There is also the problem of unregistered marriages. “People who are connected by intimacy and affection live together and run a joint household, but are in no hurry to formalize their relationship legally, at least until the birth of a child. Cohabiting couples test their relationship before entering into marriage and co-ownership relationships.” EAT. Gurko calls such relationships as “trial marriages” [Gurko, T.A. Marriage and parenthood in Russia / T.A. Gurko. - M.: Institute of Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2008. - 325 p.].

3. The study of family and marriage orientations and attitudes in modern Russia

Modern changes taking place in the socio-political and economic life of Russia permeate all spheres of activity and cannot but affect the processes of formation of the value priorities of society, social groups and individuals. The transformation of Russian society, undertaken in the 90s of the XX century, is associated with radical changes in social processes, social structure and systems of life values. Before social sciences the task arose of fixing and explaining the ongoing processes in the social structure of life and in the value orientations of the individual. At the same time, the issues of forming the value orientations of the younger generations in the processes of socialization and social education, especially the difficulties in forming the moral basis of the hierarchy of values ​​among young people, become especially relevant. A number of social problems related to the change in the social system in the country and to a sharp stratification of society (deterioration in health care and public health due to drug addiction, alcoholism; an increase in indicators of social pathology and deviant behavior, social orphanhood and neglect, an increase in general and juvenile crime, etc. d.). Simultaneously with these problems, according to many researchers, there is a crisis of the basic institution of socialization - the family.

In recent decades, negative trends in marriage and family relations among young people are clearly visible: the moral and psychological climate in youth families is deteriorating; the number of divorces and the number of single mothers is growing; the moral and sexual norms of young people are deteriorating; there is a denial by the majority of young families, including students, of the principles of cohabitation of the older generation; there is a predominance of professional and career values ​​over family ones; there is a spread of various forms of marriage: legally registered, guest marriage, remarriage, de facto marriage, group marriage, etc. T. A. Dolbik-Vorobei especially emphasizes that over the past decades, a growing positive attitude towards premarital relationships has been noted among young people.

Sociological studies conducted at the end of the 20th century show that such a form of marriage as cohabitation is spreading more and more among student youth every year (although legally registered marriages still remain a priority in student circles). In contrast to the opinion of the majority of students who are in an open marriage, who believe that premarital cohabitation is the best form of getting to know a person in everyday life, adapting to each other, it has been scientifically proven that out-of-family experience can make it difficult to move from focusing on one's own affairs to taking into account the needs and desires of others. family members, especially children. Cohabitation is not a system that successfully prepares future spouses for marriage, as the lack of commitment in a non-family household can lead to their absence from marriage.

The family in its entire history has gone through and continues to go through global processes of change. AT modern science increased interest in the study of family and marriage relations. This is largely due to the fact that modern family changes are grandiose in their historical consequences.

Exist different points view of the changes taking place in the institutions of family and marriage. According to the functionalist approach state of the art and the dynamics of family and marriage are regarded as crisis, decline, destruction, degradation. Supporters of the evolutionary approach are convinced that the family and marriage develop in line with general evolutionary processes. The point of view of A. I. Antonov is interesting, who believes that the institution of the family exists not because it performs vital functions for the existence of society, but because “marriage, birth, maintenance and upbringing of children correspond to some deeply personal the needs of millions of people. Apparently, it is the weakening, the extinction of these personal motives and desires that most clearly reveals the crisis of the family as a social institution and, in this sense, the crisis of society itself. On the other hand, the facts of non-fulfillment of the basic functions of the family, recorded by statistics and social data, including sociological research, may not indicate a crisis in the family, if the process of family disorganization does not affect the value of the family, is not associated with the devaluation of the value of children and the value of parenthood. Antonov A.I., Medkov V.M. Sociology of the family. M.: Publishing House of Moscow State University: Publishing House International University business and management (“Brothers Karic”), 1996., p. 110].

4. Refinement of the object

The study involved 50 subjects aged 18-30 years with different length of service and experience of family relations, who are students of different courses and faculties of a higher educational institution of ISPiP.

5. Clarification of conditions

The study was conducted in a group form in a specially equipped auditorium in the afternoon. At the first stage of the study, motivation was formed, which consists in feedback for each subject. At the second stage - the compilation of a set of methods for conducting the study, the selection of experimental groups: Group I - these are persons who are officially married;
Group II - people living in civil marriage(cohabitation);
Group III - these are single (free) people who do not currently have a spouse. The third stage of the study is the conduct of the empirical part of the study, processing the results of the study. The fourth stage is summarizing the results of the study.

6. Description of methods

Consider the methods used for the study.

The questionnaire is designed to determine what prevails in relationships: love or sympathy.

In particular, three components of love seemed important for measurement: affection, care, and the degree of intimacy of the relationship.
The scale of sympathy registers: the degree of respect, the degree of admiration and the degree of perceived similarity of the object of evaluation with the respondent.

The final version of the methodology adapted by L.Ya. Gozman and Yu.E. Aleshina included 14 points.

The scores for each scale are summed up.
Final grades can vary from 7 to 28 points.
The calculation of the total score on both scales gives general level emotional relationships in the dyad (from 14 to 56 points).

After completing a research practice, each student needs not only to fill out a diary and prepare the collected materials, but also important part this work is to create a report on research practice. This is quite painstaking work, which differs from writing a regular practice report, as it has a number of basic requirements and specific rules.

Main Criteria for Writing a Research Practice Report

So, before you start writing a report, you need to not only study the basic requirements, select the necessary and appropriate literary sources, but also prepare and correct your diary. Having made all the necessary preparations, it is worth starting to prepare the report itself, which must necessarily include approximately 30 pages, excluding the attached additional materials. It is worth noting that the requirements for the list of references, which refers to the final part of your work, are quite strict, so it is recommended that you responsibly create a list of used books, including at least thirty sources in it and arrange it in accordance with the requirements provided by the standards. It is very important to keep in touch with your practice leader so that you do not make unnecessary mistakes when writing your report.

Structure of the scientific practice report

In order for your report on the research practice of a master's student to be written concisely and correctly, it is very important to structure it. By dividing it into certain parts, you will be able to correctly state the entire necessary information about past practice. You can structure the report on the example of such a plan:

• Title page.
• Summary.
• Epithets and designations.
• Introductory part.
• The main part is divided into several sections.
• Final part.
• List of used literature.
• Additional documents(applications).

Having structured your report in this way, you can start writing it.

What should be the first and introductory part of the report on the research practice of a master student?

It is rather difficult to provide a detailed structure for the sections of this report, as each specialty and educational institution has its own individual requirements for writing this kind of work. However, there are a number of recommendations that will certainly help in writing scientifically - research report in the practice of a master's student.

• Constant communication with the practice leader is very important. It will help in solving many of the questions that arise when writing this work.
• This type practice also means appearing in all sorts of conferences that are suitable for the topic. This should be mentioned in your report, indicating the time, subject and number of visits.
• It is recommended to describe in detail the process of studying and analyzing very important information from literary and informational sources.
• After conducting at least two experiments, you can begin to prove and describe the actions performed.

Learn more about writing report text

In the report on the research practice of the undergraduate, you should state your personal data, such as: full name of the undergraduate, type, place and period of internship, as well as the topic qualifying work. After presenting the general data, you can start writing the main text. First of all, it should reflect the work carried out by the undergraduate in research practice. It is important to remember that the text of your report should highlight:

• The object that is selected for research.
• Primary goal.
• The methods by which the work was carried out.
• The results of the implemented scientific research.

Using these recommendations, you will certainly be able to write a correct and informative report on scientific research practice (an example can be found on our website). However, if you have any difficulties or you are not confident in your abilities, our specialists are ready at any time to write a report for you that will meet all standards.