Research work of students grammatical norms culture of speech. Report on the conference "garbage in the speech of students of our school"

Municipal budgetary educational institution

Kulikovskaya basic comprehensive school

Tisulsky district Kemerovo region

RESEARCH WORK

Russian language section

Executor:

Zanina Snezhana,

9th grade student

Scientific adviser:

Polkovnikova Irina Anatolyevna,

teacher of Russian language and literature

2016

Introduction

Main part

Conclusion

Bibliography

Application

Introduction

The language of the people is both rich and precise,

But there are, alas, inaccurate words,

They grow like weeds

On poorly plowed roadsides.

Nikolai Rylenkov

It has long been known that the Russian language remains the most complex and expressive language on the planet. Throughout the course of study educational institutions we study the norms and rules of the language, but sometimes this is not enough to consider ourselves an expert.

The relevance of this topic is due to the fact that our "beautiful, rich, powerful"

Russian languageclogged with unnecessary words, speech becomes dull, incomprehensible, inexpressive. It is no coincidence that the problem of the “purity” of the Russian language in last years acquired character and became one of the central in society.

To achieve this goal, I have identified the following tasks:

The object of the study is the speech of adolescent children of our school.

Research methods:

Observing the speech of students in the classroom and outside the classroom;

Conducting a survey in grades 5-9.

The theoretical significance of my work lies in the fact that no one has yet investigated this problem within the framework of our school.

Main part

Once upon a time there lived this one, like him,

Well, that means that

This very thing lived

With my mom.

There was another weirdo

This generally means

And his beloved brother-in-law.

The name of the son-in-law

So to speak.

And his wife's name was...

And the neighbor's name was...

And his parents

You see

And you see...

And some other uh-uh

Lived on the top floor...

And they were all friends...

Well, that means, and in general.

2. Another group of words reflects our emotions. Their main feature is that they allow one word to express several emotions. For example, surprise and joy, indignation and chagrin, which is very popular among teenagers. These are the words “real”, “cool”, “cool”, “got it” and others.

Linguistic experiment in MBOU Kulikovskaya school

“You understand” is a classic example of a “little” person - timid and constantly apologizing to everyone.

“In short” - a person is not inclined to communicate, he does not like conversations, therefore he wants to shorten his speech.

“This is the most” adorns the speech of people with poor memory or lazy people, who often do not even try to remember the right word.

43 adolescent students (20 girls and 23 boys) took part in the written survey procedure. The questionnaire consisted of six questions. (Annex 3)

Conclusion

This research work can be of great practical importance in the organization of school training course in Russian and will help to draw the attention of schoolchildren to careful attitude to the native language.

I would like to finish my work with the words of the great Russian writer Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev: “Take care of our language, our beautiful Russian language is a treasure, this is a property handed down to us by our predecessors! Treat this mighty weapon with respect; in the hands of the skilful, it is able to perform miracles.

Bibliography

Wikipedia. Free Encyclopediawww . wikipedia . org .

O. B. Sirotina, Modern Speaking and its features. - M., 1984.

T.A. Ladyzhenskaya, Living Word: Oral speech as a means and subject of teaching. – M.: Enlightenment, 1986.

Internet resources.

Application

Attachment 1

Once upon a time there lived this one, like him,

Well, that means that

This very thing lived

With my mom.

There was another weirdo

This generally means

And his beloved brother-in-law.

The name of the son-in-law

So to speak.

And his wife's name was...

And the neighbor's name was...

And his parents

You see

And you see...

And some other uh-uh

Lived on the top floor...

And they were all friends...

Well, that means, and in general.

Emma Moshkovskaya

Appendix 2

Inadequate vocabulary.

Intentional filling of a pause between words and expressions.

Fast, unprepared speech.

Fashion for some words.

Annex 3

Appendix 4

Frequency of use by students

Really

Type

and what

Actually

Pipets, kapets

Uh-uh

Fig

Yo-my

So

Crap

Here

Annex 5

1. To replenish your vocabulary, read classical literature more often.

2. Every day memorize five new words from the explanatory dictionary.

3. Control not only your own, but also someone else's speech.

4. Speak in front of an audience more often and participate in friendly conversations.

5. Ask friends or relatives to point you to "empty" words.

6. Record your speech on a voice recorder and analyze it.

"Culture of speech" (Scientific - research work on the Russian language)

The purpose of the work To tell about the culture of speech, about its signs To improve the general language culture of students To identify weaknesses in students' speech proficiency To find ways to improve the state of students' speech culture To arouse interest in learning the Russian language and reading fiction

Survey results I conducted a survey among the students of our school (grades 5-8) in order to identify the level of their speech, their attitude to learning. To the Russian language and literature, to find out their opinion on the importance of knowing the Russian language. After processing the answers to the questions he proposed, I got the following results: (60 students were interviewed) - 12% of students believe that deeds are more important than words; -19% of students believe that they are Kabardians and they do not need to know Russian at all, it is enough to know one language; -72% of students believe that their speech is not enough good level and they would like to improve the culture of their speech. Own free time about 60% of the students surveyed spend on the street with friends, neighbors; 25% - at the TV and computer screens; And only about 15% of students read fiction, pay a lot of attention to their studies. After processing the answers to 5-7 questions, I got the following result: 78% of students believe that speech affects the feelings of other people; 96% of the students had a chance to comfort people close to them and they were good at it; 81% of students brought others to tears. But the most surprising thing about this survey is that all the respondents helped to do something good with their word, and everyone considers themselves cultured people. To the survey, how it is possible to improve the culture of speech, the most FAQ– Could read books; –Watch more TV; - Pay more attention to your studies.

Regional scientific and practical conference "Eureka"

"Culture of speech and language norm"

Section "Linguistics" (Russian language)

Avakyan Margarita Andreevna,

Grade 10 MBOU secondary school No. 20

Scientific adviser:

Mustakimova Luiza Rashitovna,

teacher of Russian language

MBOU secondary school No. 20

With. Shepsi

2017

Table of contents

Introduction …………………………………………………………………………… 3-4

Chapter 1. The concept of the culture of speech……………………………………………………….. 4-6

Chapter 2

2.1. Borrowings from other languages………………………………………………… 7-8

2.2. Reasons for using youth jargon…………………………………… 8

2.3. Jargon of schoolchildren as a component of youth jargon…………………… 8-9

2.6. Who is susceptible to “infection with a speech infection”……………………………… 13

Chapter 3How to learn to speak competently…………………………………….. 13-16

Conclusion………………..……………………………………………………………. 16

References……………..……………………………………………….............. 17

Application ……………………………………………………………………………. 18-19

Take care of the purity of the language as a shrine! Never use foreign words.

The Russian language is so rich and flexible that we have nothing to take from those who are poorer than us.

I.S. Turgenev

Introduction

The Russian language is the language of a great people, the language of great literature.

Hymns to the Russian language, its richness and expressiveness can be found in the writings and reflections of almost all the major Russian writers. For Turgenev, for example, reflections on the fate of the Motherland were inseparable, inseparable from the thought of "the great, mighty, truthful and free Russian language."

The Russian language has become an international language, the language of interstate communication and cultural and ideological interaction between all the peoples of the CIS. The Russian language is spreading everywhere, in the countries of the West and the East. Interest in its study is growing on all continents of our planet.

Under these conditions, the responsibility of all of us, those for whom the Russian language is native, for its purity and correctness, for its accuracy and expressiveness, increases immeasurably. “You have to think about speech, words,” said Chekhov. “We must cultivate in ourselves a taste for a good language; how they bring up a taste for engravings, good music,” Alexei Maksimovich Gorky urged the young generation of Soviet writers to write. The study of a language helps to discover the laws of its development, the rules of its use and ways of enrichment.

In our time, communication is one of the main factors of mutual understanding between people, so the culture of speech behavior is important to all people whose activities are somehow related to communication. By the way a person speaks or writes, one can judge the level of his spiritual development, his inner culture.

The culture of speech is a concept that combines the knowledge of the language norm of oral and written literary language, as well as the ability to use expressive language means in different conditions communication.

Thus, the relevance of this topic is beyond doubt. The fact that in recent years there has been a decrease in speech culture is also relevant. A sharp change in the eighties of the twentieth century in the political and economic course of the state, the emergence of a relative "freedom of speech".

Tasks:

1. Give the concept of "culture of speech"

2. Talk about aspects of speech culture

5. Give advice on how to speak competently.

Research methods:

Chapter 1. The concept of the culture of speech

The culture of speech is the doctrine of the content and style of effective and exemplary speech, of its basic communicative qualities.

The doctrine of the qualities of good speech arose in ancient times - in Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. It was developed mainly within the framework of poetry and oratory (associated with the names of famous ancient figures of science and culture, including the names of Plato, Aristotle, Cicero, Horace, etc.).

In Russia, the formation of the culture of speech as a science is associated with the activities of famous scientists: Lomonosov, Vostokov, Buslaev, Shakhmatov, Ushakov, Shcherba, Peshkovsky, Larin, Vinogradov and Ozhegov.

Today, the culture of speech is an independent scientific discipline. The subject of its study is speech in oral and written forms, specific and genre features of these forms, stylistic differentiation of speech, its literary norms and deviations from them, variants of speech units, communicative qualities of speech, etc.

An important feature of the culture of speech is the knowledge of the communicative qualities of speech - that is, the qualities that provide effective communication. The question of these qualities was raised in ancient times by the theoreticians of poetics and oratory. So, Aristotle considered clarity as the main quality of speech, subordinating to it other qualities, among which he named relevance and plausibility. Theophrastus identified four "virtues" of speech: purity, clarity, relevance and beauty. Five qualities of speech were noted by Diogenes of Babylon: purity, clarity, brevity, relevance and beauty. The listed properties of literary speech formed the basis of various classifications.

Today, the main communicative qualities of speech include: correctness, accuracy, consistency, purity, richness and variety. language tools, expressiveness and figurativeness, brevity and relevance.

Correctness is the main communicative quality of speech - its compliance with the accepted literary and linguistic norms of the time.

Accuracy is a quality that implies the ability to think clearly and clearly and find adequate, accurate language forms to convey one's thoughts.

The logicality of speech is the correspondence of the statement to the laws of logic, that is, the ability to provide the means of language ( introductory words, unions, particles, etc.) transitions between the main thoughts and parts of the statement.

Expressiveness of speech - liveliness, emotionality, imagery, which are created due to the ability to use various means of expression language (tropes - metaphors, epithets, comparisons, synonyms, antonyms, phraseological units, aphorisms) + intonational expressiveness.

The richness of speech - semantic saturation, a variety of language means: an extensive vocabulary, knowledge of grammatical, syntactic and intonational structures.

The relevance of speech is the expediency of using language means for each specific situation of communication, possession of different functional styles speech.

The modern concept of the culture of speech, developed in the 90s of the twentieth century by prof. E.N. Shiryaev, includes three aspects of speech culture:

1) regulatory; 2) communicative; 3) ethical

– let's characterize them.

1 aspect of speech culture - this is correctness or normativity - provides for compliance with the norms of the literary language. The culture of speech begins where it becomes possible to choose one language unit from among the options that have the same meaning (grammatical or semantic). Therefore, the central concept of the subject of the culture of speech is the concept of a language norm. In general terms, a language norm is the generally accepted use of a variety of language means, regularly repeated in the speech of speakers.

Thus, answering the question "What is correct speech?", we can say that "this is speech in which there is no violation of the norms of the literary language."

The normative aspect of speech culture is the most important, but not the only one. The study of the text from the point of view of its compliance with the tasks of communication is called the communicative aspect of language proficiency.

2 aspect of speech culture is the communicative aspect. Since the language performs different communicative tasks and serves different areas of communication, it is necessary to correctly and appropriately use language tools depending on the situation. That is, a high culture of speech lies in the ability to find the exact means for expressing one's thoughts, intelligible (that is, expressive), suitable for a given case, stylistically justified).

3 aspect of speech culture - ethical - prescribed by the rules speech etiquette. Every society has its own ethical standards of behavior. These rules apply to many things. speech communication. For example, ethical norms, or otherwise language etiquette, relate, first of all, to the appeal to “you” and “you”, the choice of the full and abbreviated name, the choice of appeals, such as: citizen, comrade, master. Thus, in the field of speech culture, the ethical aspect involves following certain rules speech etiquette, the use of etiquette speech formulas.

Based on the foregoing, we can formulate the final definition of the culture of speech. The culture of speech is a linguistic discipline that studies the principles of selection and organization of language means for a specific communication situation, which, subject to modern language norms and ethics of communication, can provide the greatest effect in achieving the set communicative tasks.

Chapter 2

But, to our great regret, the Russian language has been actively polluted in recent years. Philologists have been sounding the alarm for a long time: a lot of verbal “garbage” constantly penetrates into the language, as a result of which the language loses many of its features.

Words penetrating the Russian language can be divided into the following groups: jargon (slang), neologisms, slang of various social and professional groups, simple borrowings.

Youth culture is its own world, unlike anything else. He differs from an adult in his expressive, sometimes even harsh and rude manner of expressing thoughts, feelings, a kind of verbal absurdity that can only be used by young people who are courageous and resolute, opposed to the whole world and created their own unique world. As a result of this - the emergence of youth jargon.

Jargon (French jargon) is a set of features of colloquial speech that occurs among people who are in similar professional and living conditions, united by common interests, joint pastime. Language features youth jargon.

2.1. Borrowings from other languages

In the vocabulary of slang, several groups can be distinguished:

First and most large group words is formed from the national Russian vocabulary by rethinking ("vobla" - thin girl, "jump" - dance). This also includes the formation of new words as abbreviations (“schmuck” - a fool, a dumbass, (from: a person morally lowered), “zoya” - “evil” (from: a particularly poisonous snake).

The second group - borrowings from slang, conventionally professional languages: "grandmother" - money, "dude" - a girl. However, much more words pass from slang to youth jargon than from jargon to slang. This is due to the relative stability of the slang, based on the traditions of the criminal environment, and the rapid change in the vocabulary of youth jargon, often dependent on the influence of fashion.

The third group is borrowings from other languages. Now in slang a significant place is occupied by borrowings from of English language, or rather its American version. And this is no coincidence. Over the past 25 years, a large number of Americanisms have passed into the Russian language: “ziper” - lightning, “gerla” - a girl, “men” - a guy. Often foreign words are distorted, changed into Russian manners such as “bezdnik” - birthday, “pull out” - drink. Increasingly, indeclinable nouns began to be used: "party" - a party, "tatu" - a tattoo.

The fourth group is the convergence of words based on sound similarity, sound transfer: for example, “lemon” instead of a million, “soap”, “Emelya” instead of e-mail (from English word- Email).

At the same time, the meaning of many slang words is blurred. “Awesome”, “cool”, “kapets” can be both positive and negative assessment of the situation. Words like "damn" and "oh my gad" are used in jargon only as emotional exclamations, they lose their meaning, replacing it with both positive and negative emotion.

2.2. Reasons for using youth jargon

There are many reasons for using jargon. This is, firstly, the desire to separate from the elders, to speak with peers in "one's own language." Informal communication is subject to such motives as the search for the most favorable psychological conditions for communication, the expectation of sympathy and empathy, the thirst for sincerity and unity in views, the need to assert oneself. Another reason for the use of jargon in youth speech is the need of young people for self-expression and mutual understanding. The youth, being the predominant carrier of jargon, makes it an element of pop culture, which in turn makes it prestigious and necessary for self-expression.

Boys and girls are partly attracted to the use of jargon by the disregard for chance, danger, death expressed in the word (“fall asleep” - do not pass the exam, “burn out” - get caught when committing a bad deed, “blind man's blind man" - a dead person). Young people are attracted to jargon by sound, emotionally expressive coloring. Hence such evaluative words: “awesome”, “stunned”, “killer”, “high”. The slang is rich in funny words, which removes the rudeness of some expressions (“hooves” - legs, “philolukh” - a student of the philological faculty).

2.3. Jargon of schoolchildren as a component of youth jargon

The carriers of school jargon are exclusively representatives younger generation- respectively, schoolchildren. Thus, school jargon can be qualified as corporate youth jargon.

School jargon includes:

Names of educational subjects (matesha, matika - mathematics, physical education - physical education, etc.),

School grades (pair - grade "2", triple - grade "3", etc.),

Some school premises (canteen - dining room, tubzik - toilet, etc.),

Individual school employees (teacher - teacher, sackcloth / sackcloth - school director),

Types of educational activities (homework - homework, contra - test) etc.

This lexical group can be considered as the "core" of school jargon - the units included in it are realized in the speech of most schoolchildren without any (for example, territorial) restrictions.

This group is adjoined by units (their number does not exceed one dozen), which are the names teaching staff by the subject taught (for example, a physicist is a physics teacher, a biologist is a biology teacher, an Englishwoman is an English teacher, etc.) or by gender professional activity(for example, the head teacher is the head of the educational department).

Separate consideration deserves such a specific part of the school jargon as the slang names of teachers and other school workers according to their specific characteristics. This group quite extensive, but its constituent lexemes, even in the case of an abstract name for teachers of different subjects (for example, Kolba is a chemistry teacher, Brush is a drawing teacher, Pencil is a drawing teacher, Molecule is a physics teacher, Printer is a teacher of computer science, etc.), have a pronounced "local" character and are realized in the speech of students only of the school (or even within several classes of the school) where they were developed.

Most of the units in this group nominate quite definite, specific people and, therefore, cannot be relevant for all schoolchildren as a whole. Otherwise, these lexemes fully correspond to the concept of jargon - they are expressive, reduced-familiar, implemented only during intra-group communication of schoolchildren.

It is impossible not to notice that the formation of such units (the development of slang names for specific people) is a specific feature of school jargon, which is not characteristic of other slang formations (for example, student jargon).

Unfortunately, many actively insert “favorite words” into their speech: so to speak, it means, here, as a matter of fact, you see, it’s understandable, yes, so, you understand, etc.

Why do weed words appear in our speech?

This is the excitement during speaking, and the inability to think publicly, to select the right words to frame their thoughts, and, of course, the poverty of the speaker's individual vocabulary.

“So, well, you see, every person, so to speak, here, has, it means, this is the very thing, his “favorites”, the so-called “weedy”, that means words, here. You see, here, it happens that, it means, well, that the speech, then, here, the usual, so to speak, conversation consists of half, so to speak, means, well, of such words.

How and where did they come from and firmly settled in our speech?

As a child, when you didn’t know how to start a phrase, such words would pop up on their own. The child wants to say something, but the right word is not remembered, instead it appears here, but still a hitch, then the word well pops up - it doesn’t help, the third word pops up - that means ... Finally, the necessary word pops up in memory.

Imagine: a man entered the room and wants to tell what he saw recently on the street. The thought has not yet formed, but the mouth is open, it is necessary to speak. The speech begins: "Well, that means I'm walking down the street and I see ...".

When there is a hitch with how best to convey what he saw, then these words are repeated: “Here, then, the car of a high-ranking official rushes, breaking all the traffic lights, jumps out into the oncoming traffic lane ... and then, it means, here, another car is turning from a side street - and…".

Agree: you can make out, understand such speech. But it is simply impossible to listen to it, it is annoying: the shorter a person wants to say, the longer and more incomprehensible he gets. Such speech slips past the listener.

Why and why is this happening? What are the origins?

Please read the few lines below. At first it will be difficult for you to read, probably even irritation will arise. But the second time you do it fluently and you will easily understand everything. Is not it?

According togysokgounviertiset, not ieemtzanchneiya, in the coca prairokdersapoglenybkuva in solva. Galvone, chotbypreavya and psloendyabkvuyblyi on the site. Osatlynebkuvymgoutseldovtai in plonmbseordyak, everything is torn tkestchtaitsey without porbelm. Pichrionyego means that we don’t read it from a distance, but everything is a solvotlike.

If this text is pronounced, then it is difficult to perceive it by ear. Why?

When we read, we have time to stop, think about the incomprehensible, guess what is missing, notice the mistake. The process of perceiving and processing information by ear is completely different.

Once upon a time there lived this one, like him,

Well, that means that

This very thing lived

With my mom.

There was another weirdo

This generally means

And his beloved brother-in-law.

The name of the son-in-law

So to speak.

And his wife's name was...

And the neighbor's name was...

And his parents

You see

And you see...

And some other uh-uh

Lived on the top floor...

And they were all friends...

Well, that means, and in general.

The word "simple" burdens their speech with people who are accustomed to actually complicate everything in life. And the more complex the motivation for their intricate actions, the more often the word “simple” will slip through their speech. By this, they seem to invite the interlocutor to understand them: it's so simple! It is also abused by dependent people, often making excuses: “I just wanted to look at the vase, but it suddenly broke.” Or: “I just told him not to interfere in his own business, but he just took it and was offended.”

The words “type”, “shorter”, “means” are used by people who are somewhat aggressive. More often these are teenagers or people who have kept and adult life addiction to teenage stereotypes.

“By the way, ”says just that a person feels awkward and out of place. But with the help of this remark, he tries to attract attention to himself and give meaning to the words.

“This is the most” embellishes the speech of people with poor memory or lazy people, who often do not even try to remember the right word. They shift the intellectual work of finding the right word to the interlocutor. However, they tend to shift the rest of their affairs and responsibilities to others.

“In fact, "are used by people who believe that their inner world is richer, their eyes are sharper, and their thoughts and guesses are more interesting than those of everyone else. These are people who constantly open their eyes to reality. Of course, they are firmly convinced that their worldview is the only true one.

“How would” is used equally by teenagers (along with “type” and “means”), and artistic natures, who value uncertainty in life situations.

“Practically” is a managerial word. It sticks very quickly to people who live with specific goals, especially those who do not think about the philosophical meaning of life. They, sorry, are not up to such trifles.

“Actually, ”is a word of people who are not self-confident, quickly losing self-control, always looking for a catch in everything that happens, and those who, even because of nonsense, are ready to start a verbal skirmish.

“So to speak” and “actually” are a vignette in the speech of an intellectual.

2.6. Who is at risk of "speech infection"

First group

Second group

These are hypercommunicative people who, because of the desire to find mutual language with the interlocutor, they begin to copy his movements, facial expressions and, of course, the manner of speech. This category also includes people in the system life values which the leading position is occupied by the definition of “fashionable”. They simply copy the manner of speech of those who, in their opinion, are worthy of respect.

Third group

These are people who rarely listen to their speech.

Chapter 3How to learn to speak fluently

Step #1. Highlight the main

The ability to express yourself competently lies not only in the lexical compatibility of words and the correct placement of stresses. It is necessary to learn to highlight the main thing from a large amount of information.

Imagine that you are watching an interesting series that your friends have been telling you about so enthusiastically. After the tenth episode, the most interesting begins, and the producer, unfortunately, stretched this moment and hid the climax behind a bunch of unnecessary details. After a few more episodes, you will quit watching and switch to a more informative movie.

So it is with speech. Opponents are not interested in listening to a story with a lot of the smallest details. The story should be concise, logically connected. Boredom repels interlocutors and kills interest.

Step #2. Increase your vocabulary

Refuse to use those words whose meaning you do not understand. An explanatory dictionary will help to expand the area of ​​​​knowledge in terms of Russian speech. If you do not know the meaning of foreign words, refer to the World Wide Web. Such actions not only help to express themselves diversified, but also contribute to infusion into different segments of the population. After a month of regular practice, you will be able to find a common language with teachers, dancers and professors. Make it a habit to learn the meaning of 3-4 words a day. It is important to learn, understand and remember the studied aspects.

Step number 4. Retell the information received

Psychologists advise standing in front of a mirror and talking to the reflection. Of course, this technique is worth trying. But there is another way that allows a person to learn literacy. Once a week, gather friends together (at least 4-5 people) and retell them the knowledge gained earlier. Looked interesting film? Highlight the essence and try to present the plot in an interesting, concise manner, without unnecessary preludes.

Watch the audience's reaction. If the audience yawns, lowers their eyes, or asks questions that are not related to the topic, they are bored. In this case, you have 2 options: independently analyze what exactly you did wrong, or contact your opponents directly. A common mistake of newly minted "narrators" is the excessive use of pronouns instead of calling the characters by their names.

Step number 5. Avoid tautology

A tautology is a figure of speech when the speaker uses words that are close in meaning or have the same root. Such phrases make it difficult to understand, so they should be avoided. An example of a tautology can be considered "butter oil" or "similar analogue". Remember, this rule is fundamental to literate speech.

To learn how to choose the appropriate words, you can follow the announcers on the radio or TV, and then analyze their misses. People who have a full-time job should look into remote writing activities. Copywriting forces you to select words that are the same in meaning, but different in pronunciation.

Step number 6. read books

Classical literature is rightfully considered a model of artistic speech. Unconsciously, you will begin to adopt words and expressions from books that are ideal for a particular situation. Do not rely on the fact that a daily 15-minute reading will make your speech literate. This process must be allocated at least 2-4 hours a day.

After a month, the information you read will make itself felt, you will no longer experience difficulties in choosing words and building sentences. People who learn through the development of fiction are called well-read. This is due to the fact that a person begins to express himself with once learned words, learned at the subconscious level.

Step number 7. Follow the speech

In Russian, there are a lot of slangs that are designed for specific situations. In a formal setting and during public speaking in front of the upper strata of the population, it is necessary to use professional vocabulary. In a conversation with friends or "ordinary" people, youth slang should be preferred. With regards to expressive jargon, discard it altogether. The words "hut", "bucks", "car" do not intersect with literate speech.

Conclusion.

The culture of speech is one of the main indicators of the general culture of a person. Therefore, we all need to constantly improve our manners of communication and speech. The culture of speech lies not only in the ability to avoid mistakes in speech, but also in the desire to constantly enrich one's vocabulary, in the ability to listen and understand the interlocutor, respect his point of view, in the ability to choose the right words in each specific communication situation.

Speech is one of the most important characteristics of a person. The way we communicate affects the impression we make on others. A person's speech can attract people to him or, conversely, repel them. Speech can also have a strong influence on the mood of our interlocutor.

My work does not pretend to be an all-encompassing problem of the "Problem of clogging the Russian language", it is an invitation to think about what each of us can do to improve the language.

“We learn the language and must learn continuously until the last days of life,” said Paustovsky. It is necessary to help the “great and mighty” Russian language survive, preserve it and make sure that it takes possession of the lips and hearts of us, our children and grandchildren..

Literature:

1. Golovin, B.N. Fundamentals of speech culture / B.N. Golovin - M: Higher School, 1988.

2. Vasilyeva, A.N. Fundamentals of speech culture / A.N. Vasilyeva - M: Russian language, 1990.

3. Kozhevnikova K. Spontaneous oral speech in Russian epic prose. - Praha, 1970.

5. Rosenthal D. E., Telenkova M. A. Dictionary-reference book of linguistic terms. Ed. 2nd. Moscow: Education, 1976. c. 272

6. Sirotina O.B Modern colloquial speech and its features. M., 1984

7. Explanatory dictionary of the living Great Russian language Dahl //

"Podgornenskaya secondary school named after. Chirkin"

Research work in the Russian language

Completed by: Grezneva Olga Aleksandrovna,

teacher of Russian language and literature

MOU "Podgornenskaya secondary school them. Chirkin"

Podgornoe 2016 academic year

Introduction

“Well, that means, so to speak, so I came, and you yourself understand, well, uh-uh, mmm, so, so to speak, I want to tell you”

Object of study: speech of students of the MOU "Podgornenskaya secondary school named after. Chirkin"

Research objectives:

Research methods: Method theoretical research(synthesis, analysis, comparison and conclusion)

Method of empirical research (study of educational literary materials on the topic of research work, observation, comparison, study, survey methods: conversation, questioning, testing, method of studying products creative activity(creative work of students - essays, presentations)

Problem questions:

Fundamental question:

Initial data: the main source of information was literature on the Russian language and culture of speech

II. Main part

1. Theoretical content research project

1).Definition of the term

Pure speech is speech in which there are no linguistic elements that are alien to the literary language, as well as words and verbal phrases rejected by the norms of morality. The purity of speech implies the observance of not only linguistic, but also ethical norms.

There are different terms in the literature: “non-significant vocabulary”, extra words, “empty particles”, “weed words”

2).Causes of occurrence

Most linguists believe that “weed words” are used because of the poverty of the vocabulary and the regular hitches associated with it, but in some cases a kind of “fashion” appears for these words. Therefore, they can be used by people who do not have speech problems. Sometimes "weed words" are used to "buy time", for example, to think at least a few seconds about asked question and therefore, in some cases, can be used even by people with a rich vocabulary.

Insufficient vocabulary (the speaker is not always able to quickly find the right word):

Intentional filling of a pause between words or expressions;

Rapid, unprepared, spontaneous speech;

Fashion for some words

"Briefly speaking" - a person is not disposed to communication, he does not like conversations, therefore he wants to shorten his speech. However, because of this endless "shorter" effect, the opposite is achieved.

Young people have a word "as if". It means conditional. This is how the youth lives - how would we go, but how would we not go; how we will, and how we will not. Young people are not burdened with responsibility, this affects their speech.

The words "type", "shorter", "means" used by people who are somewhat aggressive.

"By the way" speaks just about the fact that a person feels awkward and out of place. But with the help of this remark, he tries to attract attention to himself and give meaning to the words.

"Exactly this" decorates the speech of people with poor memory or lazy people, who often do not even try to remember the right word. They shift the intellectual work of finding the right word to the interlocutor. However, they tend to shift the rest of their affairs and responsibilities to others.

"In fact" used by people who believe that their inner world is richer, their eyes are sharper, and their thoughts and guesses are more interesting than those of everyone else. These are people who constantly open their eyes to reality. Of course, they are firmly convinced that their worldview is the only true one.

"As if" is used equally by teenagers (along with "type" and "means"), and artistic natures, who value uncertainty in life situations.

"Practically" - management word. It sticks very quickly to people who live with specific goals, especially those who do not think about the philosophical meaning of life. They, sorry, are not up to such trifles.

"Actually" - a word of people who are not self-confident, quickly losing self-control, always looking for a catch in everything that happens, and those who, even because of nonsense, are ready to start a verbal skirmish.

"So to speak" and "actually" - used in speech by intellectuals.

Students in grades 5-9 took part in the survey and oral survey (Appendix No. 1)

Of these, the most common are “well (65%), “here” (55%), “in short” (47.5%).

Read good literature;

Strengthen self-control over your own and other people's speech;

Punish yourself with a fine;

Practice speaking in front of an audience;

Increase self-esteem to be confident in your words.

Learn to pause in speech, make it measured. It is much more difficult for a listener to hear a meaningless stream. In place of commas, make small pauses. And at the end of the sentence - long.

4. Conclusion

studied the linguistic literature on the research topic,

III.Conclusion

This research work can be of great practical importance in organizing a school curriculum and will help to draw the attention of schoolchildren to a careful attitude to their native language.

« Take care of our beautiful Russian language, this treasure, this property handed over to us by our predecessors... Treat this powerful tool with respect...”,- wrote I.S. Turgenev

IV. Literature

2. Ilyash M. I. Fundamentals of speech culture. Kyiv/M.I. Ilyash. - Odessa, 1984.-254 p.

4. Ozhegov S. I. "Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language" / S.I. Ozhegov. - M, 2004.

5. Fomenko Yu.V. Types of speech errors: Proc. allowance./Yu.V. Fomenko. - Novosibirsk, 1994. - 189 p.

6. For the preparation of this work, materials from the sites were used:

http://www.philology.ru

http://www.planetashkol.ru/articles/22711/

Attachment 1

3. Which of these words do you use most often?

6. What ways of struggle can you offer?

Appendix 2

Annex 3

Introduction.

K. G. Paustovsky left us very precise, capacious words about the Russian language, about that extraordinary gift of nature that we possess: “We have been given the richest, accurate, powerful and truly magical Russian language.” These words can be safely attributed to any other language. From the early childhood and to a ripe old age, our whole life is inextricably linked with the language. Through the fairy tales of grandmothers, lullabies of mothers, lively conversations of teachers, through the pages of hundreds of books, we see and learn about the world around us. Through the word, for the first time, we learn about what the eyes have not yet seen, and perhaps they will never see. This is how we comprehend the beauty of the word, the beauty of the language.

But more and more often recent times I'm thinking about this. How much ugly speech, bad words have become around! Why do people around say that? Are rude, abusive words really necessary in our speech? Has it always been like this? Are they so harmless? All these questions made me turn to various literature about the meaning of words, about the beauty of language: to proverbs and sayings, poetic works, article, quotations, Internet materials.

Purpose of the study:

consider some aspects of the section of linguistics "Culture of speech"

Tasks:

to study the meaning of the power of the word in communication and its impact on human health;

consider how the meaning of the word is reflected in some folklore genres;

to study the history of the emergence of profanity in speech;

conduct research using the questionnaire "Foul language in my life";

Research methods:

review of special literature;

survey of high school students

conversations with teachers, parents

one . What is language.

The man needed a word

to give a name to everything,

what is in the world and in itself.

The Word accompanies us throughout life, and it is its very part, spirit and flesh. Famous Russian philosopher N. Berdyaev wrote: "Words have tremendous power over our lives, magical power, we are bewitched by words and largely live in their realm." The more words a person knows, the more accurately, brighter, more figuratively he expresses his thought. The object of my little research was the word, its impact on a person. A word is a unit of language. Let's start with what the word "language" itself means. AT " explanatory dictionary Russian language ”S. Ozhegov gives several meanings of this word (See Appendix)

Language and speech.

Words can kill, words can save.

In a word, you can lead the shelves behind you ...

Let us dwell in more detail on the meaning of the word "language", as speech, the ability to speak. Exists ancient legend associated with the name of the fabulist Aesop. It is thanks to him that there is in our language the concept of "Aesopian language", which means allegory. This legend very clearly reflects the meaning of the word "language" as speech. (See Attachment)

We see that this legend illustrates the meaning of the word "language" as speech. We often consider these words as synonyms. More precisely, language is potential speech. The main function of language is to be a means of communication. With the help, the spiritual experience of generations, knowledge, and skills are preserved and transmitted. Language is one of the ways to convey human thoughts, feelings, emotions.

3. The soul of the word. Experiments M. Emoto. Folklore about the meaning of the word.

Each of the words has its own soul,

It looks like the soul of the speaker ...

Sometimes we do not attach importance to what power nature has endowed us with and do not always think what we are saying. The remarkable Kalmyk poet and philosopher D.N. Kugultinov very accurately said:

Each of the words has its own soul,

It looks like the soul of the speaker ...

What is a soul? And the soul of the word? I was very interested in research different countries who seek to prove that the power of the word has an impact not only on the mood, state of mind person, but also on his health.

The famous Japanese scientist Masaru Emoto, conducting his numerous experiments with water, proves that water has a memory. He poured water into one hundred Petri dishes and placed them in cold temperatures up to -200 degrees, obtained water crystals and subjected them to various influences. For example, he “forced” them to listen to music, to listen to different words. Water crystals took on beautiful forms, listening to good, kind words, and from rude, swear words they bent, became shapeless. (See Appendix).

These experiments also interested me very much because there were so many words around us that should not be in a person’s speech. Both adults and children use them. This is profanity that the whole world needs to fight against.

If such changes occur with water crystals, then what happens to the human body when it is constantly influenced by rude, swear words.

Under the influence of sounds, including human speech, water molecules (and our body consists of about 80 percent of it) begin to line up in complex structures. And depending on the rhythm and semantic load, these structures can heal or, conversely, poison the body.

I think you are surprised. Looking at these photos, you involuntarily think and make comparisons and analogies. For example, here's what. We all know that in the folklore of every nation there are good wishes. Our people call them…..? (yoryals) Why did our people give and give such great importance them? After all, there is not a single event, large or small, that the yoryals do not dedicate to it. There are many proverbs confirming the great importance of good wishes in the life of the people. For example: “Yoryal uga altnas yoryaltya zes” (Blessed copper is more expensive than unblessed gold), “Yoryalin ekn - tosn, haralin ekn - tsusn” (At the origins of well-being is oil, and at the origins of curses is blood).

Our illiterate distant ancestors, for sure, did not know that the human body is 80% water, but at all times they wanted to pronounce and hear yoryals and were very afraid of harals. After all, it can be assumed that they had and have an impact on the body, and, therefore, human life.

In any case, this information should make us wonder if the words that many of us use in our speech are so harmless and without which we can do just fine.

4. From the history of profanity.

Where did they come from in our speech? Have they always existed?

Swear words were not introduced into our speech by the Mongols - Tatars, as many say, they, unfortunately, have primordially Russian roots. AT ancient Russia mat was nothing more than a spell, a formula against evil spirits. Through swearing, people entered into communication with evil spirits, as if tuning in to their wave, calling them into their lives. But everyone knew that it was impossible to scold children with foul language, they would be tormented by demons. You can’t swear in the house: demons will live in this dwelling. It was also impossible to swear in the forest: the goblin may be offended, on the banks of a river or lake - a water one will be offended. Where could a person swear, throw out all the anger from himself? There was only one place left - the field. Hence the expression "battlefield". Without knowing the origin of this phrase, many people think that this is a battlefield. However, the meaning of the phrase is different - this is a field of swearing. If you look at the history of the origin and meaning of the word "mate" in its original version, then it means "scream", a loud voice in the meaning of onomatopoeia. And the imitation was the sounds of animals - "ma" and "me" - during the mating season. In ancient Russia, it was considered indecent to become like cattle and yell with a good obscenity about what belonged to the sphere of intimate relationships. During the time of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov, it was simply impossible to hear swearing on the street. And this is explained not only by the modesty and delicacy of our ancestors, but also by the policy pursued by the state. By Cathedral Code for the use of obscene words severe punishment was imposed - up to the death penalty.

5. Profanity and we.

Speak so I can see you...

Why do we need "profanity" in speech. For what purpose is it used, in what situations? The results of the study point to several reasons:

1) to increase the emotionality of speech,

2) emotional discharge,

3) insults, humiliation of the addressee of the speech,

4) demonstrations of aggression,

5) demonstrating the absence of fear,

6) demonstration of looseness, disdain for the system of prohibitions,

7) demonstration of belonging to "their own".

If earlier swearing was mainly the specific language of criminals, drunkards, prostitutes and other degraded persons, now everything has changed radically. Young people swear freely in the presence of girls, and this does not offend them at all. And in purely girlish companies, the use of unprintable words has become commonplace. The permissiveness of speech turns into a disease of the intellect, a distorted consciousness. Often such a person, getting into a decent society, tries to be more silent so as not to inadvertently say a rude word.

Small children, hearing the scolding of their parents, clog their tongues, not even understanding the meaning of the words spoken. Today, swearing has penetrated literature, cinema and television. Here are some statistics on how young people relate to the problem of foul language, and what place foul language occupies in their lives. According to the Public Opinion Foundation, today about 70% of the inhabitants of our country use profanity in their speech. And only 29% of the population never use it. At the same time, 64% versus 32% believe that the use of obscenities in speech is unacceptable under any circumstances. How is it that we don’t want to swear, but it still breaks off the tongue? How to get rid of this very bad habit?

The state operates here by its own methods. Obscene language is an administrative offense for which liability is provided for under Art. 30.1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, and qualifies as petty hooliganism.

All are unanimous that foul language there is no place in our life. But why is it still necessary to talk about it? Why is the problem still relevant?

The philosophy has become commonplace that we, Russian people, cannot live without a mat, that it is in our blood. There is nothing bad in it, on the contrary, it allows you to get rid of the accumulated irritation, as they say, to let off steam.

Those who think so need to know the following. The language of a person is not something random, it is his choice (conscious or unconscious), reflecting the state of the soul. And what a man is, such are his words. We must not forget that a word is already a very concrete act. If a person is cynical, then his words, deeds and his whole life are cynical. A Russian proverb says: "From a rotten heart and rotten words." When the human heart is corrupted or filled with resentment, discontent, rotten, bad words appear as signs of spiritual decay. Hearing abuse from a particular person, one can easily draw a conclusion about his spiritual state. The Bible says, "By your words you will be condemned; by your words you will be justified." The Orthodox Church has always prohibited foul language and slander. This vice is directly dependent on how spiritually developed a person is.

6. Foul language and human health. Research scientists.

Survey results.

Medical scientists have come to the conclusion that all diseases have their origin in the spirit. They believe that before an organ gets sick, a system or function disrupts its work, there must be changes in the spiritual plan of a person, in his thoughts, feelings, emotions, words and actions. What is spirituality? What qualities need to be developed? To immense proportions, you need to develop in yourself: love, kindness, understanding of beauty, strive for knowledge, develop a sense of responsibility for your thoughts and actions. According to the conclusion of WHO experts, the state of health of the population is determined by 10% by the level of development of medicine as a science and state of health. medical care, 20% hereditary factor, 20% condition environment and 50% lifestyle. (See Attachment)

Changing a person's attitude towards himself is a very important path leading to health.

The state of mind of a modern Russian is reflected in the research of the All-Russian Center for the Study public opinion.

Over the past 10-15 years, according to the majority of respondents, the qualities that help achieve personal success by any means have increased in the people around them: cynicism and the ability to “go ahead” (57% of Russians believe). At the same time, there is a weakening of such qualities as sincerity (67%), honesty (63%), sincerity (62%), disinterestedness (59%), loyalty to comrades (52%) - i.e. true human values. Naturally, in a society in which real values ​​have lost their value, words and expressions will not be filled with a high spiritual culture. Hence the outbreak of drug addiction, alcoholism, and crime. Foul language brings undesirable consequences, although few people think about it today. (See Attachment)

On this topic, a survey was conducted among students of the seventh and ninth grades. (sample application form attached)

Questioning students showed that there is a direct relationship between the use of the mat in the family and the participants themselves.

Only 7.8% of respondents noted that they do not swear in their families; In 17.6% of families - mat is used; 74.5% of respondents note that swearing is sometimes used in their families (students note that informal vocabulary in their families is used mainly to express dissatisfaction on the part of parents towards children, during quarrels).

The proof of the above statement is the students' answers to the question: "How do you feel about the mat?" 53% of respondents answer that in a certain life situation, profanity is necessary, i. sometimes. In support of this, we can cite an analysis of the answers to the question about cases of using obscenities. The vast majority of respondents (84.5%) note that they swear when they are angry or angry.

74.1% of respondents claim that they use the mat sometimes, which is another confirmation of the above.

To the question "How often do you use informal vocabulary?" 20.7% of respondents answered that "often". Note that in the first question, “Do they swear in your family?” 17.6% of the respondents answered in the affirmative. There is a certain correspondence between the answers.

One interesting observation is connected with obscene words. A well-known psychophysiologist, doctor, member of the World Ecological Academy L. Kitaev-Smyk has been dealing with the problem of stress and swearing as its integral part for almost 40 years. He really saw that the mat relieves stress from that. Who uses foul language. However, according to the same research results, a person resorts to swearing when, even on a subconscious level, he is not sure of his worth, his strength, that is, he feels his inferiority.

Normal healthy person profanity is not needed. Abuse of obscenities - what we are seeing today - slowly but surely leads to hormonal disorders, especially in women who, over time, lose their femininity both in soul and in appearance. The reason is in the same male hormones. For women, mating is unnatural at the physiological level.

Foul language harms the health of the swearer himself. One well-known study of the impact of foul language on human health serves as proof of this. At the end of the twentieth century, an employee of the Institute of Control Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the founder of the Institute of Quantum Genetics, biologist Pyotr Garyaev undertook research that made it possible to create an apparatus that translates human words into electromagnetic oscillations, and then traced how these fluctuations affect the molecules of heredity - DNA. With this modern technology it became possible to check how evil and kind words are reflected in a living organism.

It turned out that some words can be worse than mines: they "explode" in the human genetic apparatus, distorting its hereditary programs, causing mutations, eventually leading to degeneration. During selective battles, chromosomes are writhing and torn.

That is, swear words cause mutations similar to the effects of radiation. Rough, evil words can not only undermine health, cause illness, but also kill a person.

“We have come to the conclusion,” says Pyotr Garyaev, “that the wave “ears” of DNA are specially adapted to the perception of speech vibrations… DNA is not indifferent to the received “information”. For example, prayer awakens the reserve capabilities of the genetic apparatus, and the curse destroys the programs that ensure the normal functioning of the body.” We also saw this in the experiments of a Japanese scientist.

Let us again turn to the words of P. Garyaev: “The genetic apparatus is far from indifferent to what you think, speak or read: any words can be imprinted in the wave genome. Any spoken word is nothing but a wave genetic program that changes your life. Sometimes the word works, causing cancer or, conversely, eliminating the disease.

The Ural scientist G.Cheurin recently came to even more striking conclusions. He claims that profanity has a very active effect on the human body, eventually destroying all life. Cheurin's hypothesis "On the influence of profanity on the psychophysiological state of living organisms" was tested by several research institutes - the capital center under the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, technical universities St. Petersburg and Barnaul. And the theory was proven! Together with colleagues, scientists in the laboratory watered wheat grains for the purpose of the experiment. different water: one water heard only abusive words, and the other water only heard prayers. As a result, the seeds that were watered with the first water sprouted only in 49 cases out of 100. The same seeds that were watered with water enchanted by prayers germinated in 96 cases. All this once again proves the negative impact of foul language on the health of a person and others.

In adolescence, the problem of obscene language becomes especially acute, because in the eyes of a teenager, foul language is a manifestation of independence, the ability to disobey prohibitions, that is, a symbol of adulthood. In addition, it is a sign of linguistic belonging to a group of peers, speech fashion. Sometimes this is an imitation of youth idols, for example, popular TV presenters, actors, singers.

But few of us realize that profanity, like rudeness, is a weapon of insecure people. Rudeness allows them to hide their own vulnerability and protects them, because to discover weakness and insecurity at this age is tantamount to complete defeat. In addition, high school students try to hurt their parents with swear words, to shock them, to piss them off in order to measure their power over them and confirm their own emotional independence from them.

It turns out that our ancestors, who did not study the laws of physics, chemistry and other sciences, were much wiser, more cultured. They valued and offered good wishes and avoided curses, thinking about their health and caring for the health of their descendants.

Maybe foul language is really one of the reasons for the poor health of the younger generation?

III. Conclusion.

Exploring this topic, collecting material, you come to the following conclusion: “The fight against swearing, with rude, abusive words, every person needs to start with himself!” The moral rule for each of us should be the words famous writer A. Solzhenitsyn: "Let it come into the world and even reign in the world, but not through me."

Let's try to stay in this position. Let's try not to be afraid of ridicule, contempt, even loneliness. Position “I am an exception!” attractive because it meets the true needs of the individual to stand out, to show their uniqueness. How did you deal with profanity in the past?

Once in Kyiv, the famous Virgin Mary turned to young man 18 years old: "Do not use foul language ... Because when a person says bad words, an angel flies away from him."

Here, it turns out, in what a strong way our ancestors were saved from the desire to say a word! There will be no protection. There will be no wings over you. The “heavenly Kremlin” will always help a person, if only he is worthy of this help.

Summing up what has been said, we repeat as a kind of credo:

I am the EXCEPTION. MY SPEECH IS MY MIRROR, MY DOS-

toinstvo. REAL CONTROL IS CONTROL FROM WITHIN.

List of used sources and literature:

1.C. Ozhegov. Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language.

2. Ya. Grigoryan. My language is my friend.

3.D. Kugultinov. Collection of poems "Space". M. Progress. 1977

4.V. Soloukhin. The poem "A word about words."

5.V.Kharchenko.Youth about foul language..The magazine "Russian language at school" No. 1, 1977

6. Halmg ulgurmud boln tyalvrtya tuuls. Elista. 1960

7.Yu.Androsova.The virus of foul language.Newspaper " School psychologist» №20 -2008

8.Emoto and his photos.tasya -moor ./ucoz .ru

9. Virus of foul language. www .schsite .ru