Learn more about infrared radiation. Sources of infrared radiation: types, applications

Infrared light is visually inaccessible to human vision. Meanwhile, long infrared waves are perceived by the human body as heat. Infrared light has some properties of visible light. Radiation of this form lends itself to focusing, is reflected and polarized. Theoretically, IR light is more interpreted as infrared radiation (IR). Space IR occupies the spectral range of electromagnetic radiation 700 nm - 1 mm. IR waves are longer than visible light and shorter than radio waves. Accordingly, IR frequencies are higher than microwave frequencies and lower than visible light frequencies. The IR frequency is limited to the range of 300 GHz - 400 THz.

Infrared waves were discovered by the British astronomer William Herschel. The discovery was registered in 1800. Using glass prisms in his experiments, the scientist in this way explored the possibility of dividing sunlight into separate components.

When William Herschel had to measure the temperature of individual flowers, he discovered a factor in the increase in temperature when passing through the following series in succession:

• violet,
• blue,
• greens,
• yolk,
• orange,
• red.

Wave and frequency range of IR radiation

Based on the wavelength, scientists conditionally divide infrared radiation into several spectral parts. At the same time, no single definition boundaries of each individual part.

Scale of electromagnetic radiation: 1 - radio waves; 2 - microwaves; 3 - IR waves; 4 - visible light; 5 - ultraviolet; 6 - x-ray rays; 7 - gamma rays; B is the wavelength range; E - energy

Theoretically, three wave ranges are designated:

1. Near
2. Average
3. Further

The near infrared range is marked by wavelengths close to the end of the visible light spectrum. The approximate calculated wave segment is indicated here by the length: 750 - 1300 nm (0.75 - 1.3 microns). The radiation frequency is approximately 215-400 Hz. Short IR range will emit a minimum of heat.

Middle IR range (intermediate), covers wavelengths of 1300-3000 nm (1.3 - 3 microns). Frequencies are measured here in the range of 20-215 THz. The level of radiated heat is relatively low.

The far infrared range is closest to the microwave range. Alignment: 3-1000 microns. Frequency range 0.3-20 THz. This group consists of short wavelengths at the maximum frequency interval. This is where the maximum heat is emitted.

Application of infrared radiation

IR rays have been used in various fields. Among the most famous devices are thermal imagers, night vision equipment, etc. Communication and network equipment IR light is used in both wired and wireless operations.

Remote controls are equipped with a short-range IR communication system, where the signal is transmitted through IR LEDs. Example: common household appliances - TVs, air conditioners, players. Infrared light transmits data over fiber optic cable systems.

In addition, infrared radiation is actively used research astronomy for space exploration. It is thanks to infrared radiation that it is possible to detect space objects that are invisible to the human eye.

Little-Known Facts About IR Light

Human eyes really cannot see infrared rays. But the skin of the human body is capable of “seeing” them, reacting to photons, and not just to thermal radiation.

The surface of the skin actually acts as an "eyeball". If you go outside on a sunny day, close your eyes and stretch your palms up to the sky, you can easily find the location of the sun.

In winter, in a room where the air temperature is 21-22ºС, being warmly dressed (sweater, trousers). In summer, in the same room, at the same temperature, people also feel comfortable, but in lighter clothes (shorts, T-shirt).

It is easy to explain this phenomenon: despite the same air temperature, the walls and ceiling of the room in summer emit more far-IR waves carried by sunlight (FIR - Far Infrared). Therefore, the human body at the same temperature, in the summer perceived more heat.

Pairs of people sleeping in the same bed are involuntarily transmitters and receivers of FIR waves in relation to each other. If a person is alone in bed, he acts as a transmitter of FIR waves, but no longer receives the same waves in return.

When people talk to each other, they involuntarily send and receive FIR wave vibrations from one another. Friendly (love) hugs also activate the transmission of FIR radiation between people.

How does nature perceive infrared light?

Humans are unable to see infrared light, but snakes of the viper family or rattlesnakes (such as rattlesnakes) have sensory "pits" that are used to image infrared light.

This property allows snakes to detect warm-blooded animals in complete darkness. Snakes with two sensory pits are thought to have some infrared depth perception.

Fish successfully use Near Infrared (NIR) light to capture prey and navigate in water areas. This sense of NIR helps the fish navigate accurately in low light conditions, in the dark or in murky water.

Infrared radiation plays an important role in shaping the Earth's weather and climate, as well as sunlight. The total mass of sunlight absorbed by the Earth, in an equal amount of IR radiation, must travel from the Earth back into space. Otherwise inevitable global warming or global cooling.

There is an obvious reason why the air cools quickly on a dry night. Low level humidity and the absence of clouds in the sky open a free path for infrared radiation. Infrared rays enter outer space faster and, accordingly, carry away heat faster.

A significant part of what comes to the Earth is infrared light. Any natural organism or the object has a temperature, which means it emits infrared energy. Even objects that are a priori cold (such as ice cubes) emit infrared light.

Technical potential of the infrared zone

The technical potential of IR rays is limitless. Lots of examples. Infrared tracking (homing) is used in passive missile control systems. Electromagnetic radiation from the target, received in the infrared part of the spectrum, is used in this case.

Weather satellites equipped with scanning radiometers produce thermal images, which then allow analytical methods to determine cloud heights and types, calculate land and surface water temperatures, and determine ocean surface features.

Infrared radiation is the most common way to remotely control various devices. Based on FIR technology, many products are being developed and produced. The Japanese excelled here. Here are just a few examples popular in Japan and around the world:

• special pads and heaters FIR;
• FIR plates to keep fish and vegetables fresh for a long time;
• ceramic paper and ceramics FIR;
• fabric FIR gloves, jackets, car seats;
• hairdresser's FIR-dryer, which reduces damage to hair;

Infrared reflectography (art conservation) is used to study paintings, helping to reveal the underlying layers without destroying the structure. This technique helps to reveal the details hidden under the artist's drawing.

In this way, it is determined whether the current painting is an original work of art or just a professionally made copy. The changes associated with the restoration work on works of art are also determined.

IR rays: impact on human health

The beneficial effects of sunlight on human health have been scientifically proven. However, excessive exposure solar radiation potentially dangerous. Sunlight contains ultraviolet rays, the action of which burns the skin of the human body.

Meanwhile, far infrared provides all the health benefits of natural sunlight. This completely eliminates the dangerous effects of solar radiation.

By applying IR beam reproduction technology, full temperature control (), unlimited sunlight is achieved. But that's not all known facts advantages of infrared radiation:

• Far infrared rays strengthen the cardiovascular system, stabilize heart rate, increase cardiac output, while reducing diastolic blood pressure.
• The stimulation of cardiovascular function with far infrared light is an ideal way to maintain a normal cardiovascular system. There is an experience of American astronauts during a long space flight.
• Far infrared IR rays with temperatures above 40°C weaken and eventually kill cancer cells. This fact has been confirmed by the American Cancer Association and National Institute cancer.
• Infrared saunas are often used in Japan and Korea (hyperthermia therapy or Waon therapy) for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, especially chronic heart failure and peripheral arterial disease.
• Research results published in the journal Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment show infrared rays as a "medical breakthrough" in the treatment of traumatic brain injury.
• Infrared sauna is said to be seven times more effective at removing from the body heavy metals, cholesterol, alcohol, nicotine, ammonia, sulfuric acid and other toxins.
• Finally, FIR-therapy in Japan and China came out on top among effective ways treatment of asthma, bronchitis, colds, flu, sinusitis. It is noted that FIR-therapy removes inflammation, swelling, mucous blockages.

Infrared light and a lifespan of 200 years

Infrared radiation- electromagnetic radiation occupying the spectral region between the red end of visible light (with a wavelength λ = 0.74 microns and a frequency of 430 THz) and microwave radio radiation (λ ~ 1-2 mm, frequency 300 GHz).

The entire range of infrared radiation is conditionally divided into three areas:

The long-wave edge of this range is sometimes distinguished as a separate range. electromagnetic waves- terahertz radiation (submillimeter radiation).

Infrared radiation is also called "thermal radiation", since infrared radiation from heated objects is perceived by the human skin as a sensation of warmth. In this case, the wavelengths emitted by the body depend on the heating temperature: the higher the temperature, the shorter the wavelength and the higher the radiation intensity. The emission spectrum of an absolutely black body at relatively low (up to several thousand Kelvin) temperatures lies mainly in this range. Infrared radiation is emitted by excited atoms or ions.

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History of discovery and general characteristics

Infrared radiation was discovered in 1800 by the English astronomer W. Herschel. Being engaged in the study of the Sun, Herschel was looking for a way to reduce the heating of the instrument with which observations were made. Using thermometers to determine the effects of different parts of the visible spectrum, Herschel found that the "maximum heat" lies behind the saturated red color and, perhaps, "behind the visible refraction." This study marked the beginning of the study of infrared radiation.

Previously, laboratory sources of infrared radiation were exclusively incandescent bodies or electrical discharges in gases. Now, on the basis of solid-state and molecular gas lasers, modern sources of infrared radiation with adjustable or fixed frequency have been created. To register radiation in the near infrared region (up to ~1.3 μm), special photographic plates are used. A wider sensitivity range (up to about 25 microns) is possessed by photoelectric detectors and photoresistors. Radiation in the far infrared region is recorded by bolometers - detectors sensitive to heating by infrared radiation.

IR equipment finds wide application how in military equipment(for example, for missile guidance), and in civil (for example, in fiber-optic communication systems). The optical elements in IR spectrometers are either lenses and prisms, or diffraction gratings and mirrors. To avoid absorption of radiation in air, far-IR spectrometers are manufactured in a vacuum version.

Since infrared spectra are associated with rotational and vibrational motions in a molecule, as well as with electronic transitions in atoms and molecules, IR spectroscopy makes it possible to obtain important information on the structure of atoms and molecules, as well as on the band structure of crystals.

Infrared bands

Objects typically emit infrared radiation across the entire wavelength spectrum, but sometimes only a limited region of the spectrum is of interest because sensors typically only collect radiation within a certain bandwidth. Thus, the infrared range is often subdivided into smaller ranges.

The usual division scheme

The most common division into smaller ranges is as follows:

CIE scheme

International Commission on Illumination International Commission on Illumination ) recommends the division of infrared radiation into the following three groups:

• IR-A: 700 nm - 1400 nm (0.7 µm - 1.4 µm)
• IR-B: 1400 nm - 3000 nm (1.4 µm - 3 µm)
• IR-C: 3000 nm - 1 mm (3 µm - 1000 µm)

ISO 20473 schema

thermal radiation

Thermal radiation or radiation is the transfer of energy from one body to another in the form of electromagnetic waves emitted by bodies due to their internal energy. Thermal radiation is mainly in the infrared region of the spectrum from 0.74 microns to 1000 microns. Distinctive feature radiant heat transfer is that it can be carried out between bodies that are not only in any medium, but also vacuum. An example of thermal radiation is light from an incandescent lamp. The thermal radiation power of an object that meets the criteria of an absolutely black body is described by the Stefan-Boltzmann law. The ratio of the radiative and absorptive abilities of bodies is described by the law radiation Kirchhoff. Thermal radiation is one of the three elementary types of thermal energy transfer (in addition to thermal conductivity and convection). Equilibrium radiation is thermal radiation that is in thermodynamic equilibrium with matter.

Application

Night-vision device

There are several ways to visualize an invisible infrared image:

• Modern semiconductor video cameras are sensitive in the near infrared. To avoid color errors, ordinary household video cameras are equipped with a special filter that cuts off the IR image. Cameras for security systems, as a rule, do not have such a filter. However, at night there are no natural sources of near-IR, so without artificial illumination (for example, infrared LEDs), such cameras will not show anything.
• Image intensifier tube - a vacuum photoelectronic device that amplifies light in the visible spectrum and near infrared. It has high sensitivity and is able to give an image in very low light. They are historically the first night vision devices, widely used and currently in cheap night vision devices. Since they work only in the near IR, they, like semiconductor video cameras, require lighting.
• Bolometer - thermal sensor. Bolometers for technical vision systems and night vision devices are sensitive in the wavelength range of 3..14 microns (mid-IR), which corresponds to the radiation of bodies heated from 500 to -50 degrees Celsius. Thus, bolometric devices do not require external illumination, registering the radiation of the objects themselves and creating a picture of the temperature difference.

thermography

Infrared thermography, thermal imaging or thermal video is scientific way obtaining a thermogram - an image in infrared rays, showing a picture of the distribution of temperature fields. Thermographic cameras or thermal imagers detect radiation in the infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum (approximately 900-14000 nanometers or 0.9-14 µm) and, based on this radiation, create images that allow you to determine overheated or supercooled places. Since infrared radiation is emitted by all objects that have a temperature, according to Planck's formula for black body radiation, thermography allows you to "see" the environment with or without visible light. The amount of radiation emitted by an object increases as its temperature rises, so thermography allows us to see differences in temperature. When we look through a thermal imager, warm objects are seen better than those cooled to ambient temperature; humans and warm-blooded animals are more easily seen in environment both during the day and at night. As a result, the promotion of the use of thermography can be attributed to the military and security services.

infrared homing

Infrared homing head - a homing head that works on the principle of capturing infrared waves emitted by a captured target. It is an optical-electronic device designed to identify a target against the surrounding background and issue a capture signal to the automatic sighting device (APU), as well as to measure and issue a signal to the autopilot angular velocity lines of sight.

Infrared heater

Data transfer

The spread of infrared LEDs, lasers and photodiodes made it possible to create a wireless optical data transmission method based on them. AT computer technology usually used to connect computers with peripheral devices (IrDA interface). Unlike the radio channel, the infrared channel is insensitive to electromagnetic interference, and this allows it to be used in industrial conditions. The disadvantages of the infrared channel include the need for optical windows on the equipment, the correct relative orientation of devices, low speeds transmission (usually does not exceed 5-10 Mbit / s, but when using infrared lasers, significantly more high speeds). In addition, secrecy of information transfer is not ensured. In line-of-sight conditions, an infrared channel can provide communication over distances of several kilometers, but it is most convenient for connecting computers located in the same room, where reflections from the walls of the room provide a stable and reliable connection. The most natural type of topology here is the "bus" (that is, the transmitted signal is simultaneously received by all subscribers). The infrared channel could not be widely used, it was replaced by the radio channel.

Thermal radiation is also used to receive warning signals.

Remote control

Infrared diodes and photodiodes are widely used in remote controls, automation systems, security systems, some mobile phones(infrared port), etc. Infrared rays do not distract a person's attention due to their invisibility.

Interestingly, the infrared radiation of a household remote control is easily captured using a digital camera.

The medicine

The most widely used infrared radiation in medicine is found in various blood flow sensors (PPGs).

Widespread pulse rate (HR, HR - Heart Rate) and blood oxygen saturation (Sp02) meters use green (for pulse) and red and infrared (for SpO2) radiation LEDs.

Infrared laser radiation is used in the DLS (Digital Light Scattering) technique to determine the pulse rate and blood flow characteristics.

Infrared rays are used in physiotherapy.

Influence of long-wave infrared radiation:

• Stimulation and improvement of blood circulation. When exposed to long-wave infrared radiation on the skin, skin receptors are irritated and, due to the reaction of the hypothalamus, the smooth muscles of the blood vessels relax, as a result, the vessels dilate.
• Improvement of metabolic processes. The thermal effect of infrared radiation stimulates activity at the cellular level, improves the processes of neuroregulation and metabolism.

Food sterilization

With the help of infrared radiation, food products are sterilized for the purpose of disinfection.

food industry

A feature of the use of IR radiation in Food Industry is the possibility of penetration of an electromagnetic wave into such capillary-porous products as grain, cereals, flour, etc. to a depth of up to 7 mm. This value depends on the nature of the surface, structure, properties of the material and the frequency response of the radiation. An electromagnetic wave of a certain frequency range has not only a thermal, but also a biological effect on the product, helps to accelerate biochemical transformations in biological polymers (

Infrared (IR) radiation is a form of electromagnetic radiation that occupies the spectral range between visible red light (INFRAred: BELOW red) and shortwave radio emission. These rays create heat and are known in science as thermal waves. These rays create heat and are known in science as thermal waves.

All heated bodies exude infrared study, including the human body and the Sun, which in this way warms our planet with you, giving life to all living things on it. The warmth that we feel from a fire by a fire or a fireplace, a heater or warm asphalt is all a consequence of infrared rays.

The entire spectrum of infrared radiation is usually divided into three main ranges that differ in long wavelength:

• Shortwave, with a long wave λ = 0.74-2.5 microns;
• Medium wave, with a long wave λ = 2.5-50 microns;
• Long-wave, with a long wave λ = 50-2000 microns.

Near or otherwise shortwave infrared rays are not hot at all, in fact we don't even feel them. These waves are used, for example, in TV remote controls, automation systems, security systems, etc. Their frequency is greater, and accordingly their energy is higher than that of far (long) infrared rays. But not at such a level as to harm the body. Heat begins to be created at medium infrared wavelengths, and we already feel their energy. Infrared radiation is also called "thermal" radiation, because the radiation from heated objects is perceived by the human skin as a feeling of warmth. In this case, the wavelengths emitted by the body depend on the heating temperature: the higher the temperature, the shorter the wavelength and the higher the radiation intensity. For example, a source with a wavelength of 1.1 µm corresponds to molten metal, and a source with a wavelength of 3.4 µm corresponds to metal at the end of rolling, forging.

For us, the spectrum with a wavelength of 5-20 microns is of interest, since it is in this range that more than 90% of the radiation produced by infrared heating systems with a radiation peak of 10 microns falls. It is very important that it is at this frequency that the human body itself emits infrared waves of 9.4 microns. Thus, any radiation at a given frequency is perceived by the human body as related and has a beneficial and, even more so, healing effect on it.

With such an impact on the body by infrared radiation, the effect of "resonant absorption" occurs, which is characterized by the active absorption of external energy by the body. As a result, it is possible to observe an increase in the level of hemoglobin in a person, an increase in the activity of enzymes and estrogens, in the general result - stimulation of a person's vital activity.

The effect of infrared radiation on the surface of the human body, as we have already said, is useful and, on top of that, pleasant. Remember the first sunny days at the beginning of spring, when the sun finally came out after a long and cloudy winter! You feel how it pleasantly envelops the illuminated area of ​​your skin, face, palms. I no longer want to wear gloves and a hat, despite the rather low temperature compared to the “comfortable” one. But as soon as a small cloud appears, we immediately experience tangible discomfort from the interruption of such a pleasant sensation. This is the very radiation that we lacked so much throughout the winter, when the Sun was absent for a long time, and we, willy-nilly, carried our "infrared post".

As a result of exposure to infrared radiation, you can observe:

• Acceleration of metabolism in the body;
• Restoration of skin tissue;
• Slowing down the aging process;
• Removal of excess fat from the body;
• Release of human motor energy;
• Increasing the antimicrobial resistance of the body;
• plant growth activation

and many many others. Moreover, infrared irradiation is used in physiotherapy for the treatment of many diseases, including cancer, as it promotes the expansion of capillaries, stimulates blood flow in the vessels, improves immunity and produces a general therapeutic effect.

And this is not at all surprising, because this radiation is given to us by nature as a way of transferring heat, life to all living things that need this warmth and comfort, bypassing empty space and air as intermediaries.

In 1800, scientist William Herschel announced his discovery at a meeting of the Royal Society of London. He measured the temperature outside the spectrum and found invisible rays with great heating power. The experiment was carried out by him with the help of telescope light filters. He noticed that they absorb the light and heat of the sun's rays to varying degrees.

After 30 years, the fact of the existence of invisible rays located beyond the red part of the visible solar spectrum was undeniably proven. The French Becquerel called this radiation infrared.

Properties of IR radiation

The spectrum of infrared radiation consists of individual lines and bands. But it can also be continuous. It all depends on the source of infrared rays. In other words, it matters kinetic energy or the temperature of an atom or molecule. Any element of the periodic table under the conditions different temperatures It has various characteristics.

For example, the infrared spectra of excited atoms, due to the relative state of rest of the bundle, the nucleus - will have strictly line IR spectra. And the excited molecules are striped, randomly located. Everything depends not only on the mechanism of superposition of the own linear spectra of each atom. But also from the interaction of these atoms with each other.

As the temperature rises, the spectral characteristic of the body changes. Thus, heated solids and liquids emit a continuous infrared spectrum. At temperatures below 300°C, the radiation of a heated solid body entirely in the infrared region. Both the study of IR waves and the application of their most important properties depend on the temperature range.

The main properties of infrared rays are absorption and further heating of bodies. Principle of heat transfer infrared heaters different from the principles of convection or heat conduction. Being in a stream of hot gases, an object loses some amount of heat as long as its temperature is below the temperature of the heated gas.

And vice versa: if infrared emitters irradiate an object, it does not mean that its surface absorbs this radiation. It can also reflect, absorb or transmit rays without loss. Almost always, the irradiated object absorbs some of this radiation, reflects some and transmits some.

Not all luminous objects or heated bodies emit IR waves. For example, fluorescent lamps or the flame of a gas stove does not have such radiation. The principle of operation of fluorescent lamps is based on the glow (photoluminescence). Its spectrum is closest to that of daylight, white light. Therefore, there is almost no IR radiation in it. And the greatest radiation intensity of the flame of a gas stove falls on the wavelength blue color. In the listed heated bodies, infrared radiation is very weak.

There are also substances that are transparent to visible light, but not able to transmit infrared rays. For example, a layer of water a few centimeters thick will not let infrared radiation with a wavelength greater than 1 micron pass through. At the same time, a person can distinguish objects at the bottom with the naked eye.

In order to understand the principle of operation of infrared emitters, it is necessary to understand the essence of such physical phenomenon like infrared radiation.

Infrared range and wavelength

Infrared radiation is a kind of electromagnetic radiation that occupies a range from 0.77 to 340 microns in the spectrum of electromagnetic waves. In this case, the range from 0.77 to 15 microns is considered short-wave, from 15 to 100 microns - medium-wave, and from 100 to 340 - long-wave.

The short-wavelength part of the spectrum is adjacent to visible light, and the longwave merges with the region of ultrashort radio waves. Therefore, infrared radiation has both the properties of visible light (propagates in a straight line, reflects, refracts like visible light) and the properties of radio waves (it can pass through some materials that are opaque to visible radiation).

Infrared emitters with a surface temperature of 700 C to 2500 C have a wavelength of 1.55-2.55 microns and are called "light" - they are closer in wavelength to visible light, emitters with a lower surface temperature have a longer wavelength and are called "dark".

Sources of infrared radiation

Generally speaking, any body heated to a certain temperature radiates thermal energy in the infrared range of the spectrum of electromagnetic waves and can transfer this energy through radiant heat transfer to other bodies. Energy transfer occurs from a body with more high temperature to a body with a lower temperature, while, different bodies have different radiating and absorbing abilities, which depend on the nature of the two bodies, on the state of their surface, etc.

Electromagnetic radiation has a quantum-photon character. When interacting with a substance, a photon is absorbed by the atoms of the substance, transferring its energy to them. In this case, the energy of thermal vibrations of atoms in the molecules of the substance increases, i.e. radiation energy is converted into heat.

The essence of radiant heating is that the burner, being a source of radiation, generates, forms in space and directs thermal radiation into the heating zone. It gets on the enclosing structures (floor, walls), technological equipment, people in the irradiation zone, is absorbed by them and heats them up. The radiation flux, being absorbed by surfaces, clothing and human skin, creates thermal comfort without increasing the ambient temperature. The air in heated rooms, while remaining practically transparent to infrared radiation, is heated by "secondary heat", i.e. convection from structures and objects heated by radiation.

Properties and applications of infrared radiation

It has been established that the effect of infrared radiation heating has a beneficial effect on a person. If thermal radiation with a wavelength of more than 2 microns is perceived mainly by the skin with the resulting thermal energy being conducted inward, then radiation with a wavelength of up to 1.5 microns penetrates the surface of the skin, partially heats it, reaches the network of blood vessels and directly increases the temperature of the blood. At a certain intensity of the heat flux, its effect causes a pleasant thermal sensation. With radiant heating, the human body gives off most excess heat by convection to the surrounding air, which has more low temperature. This form of heat transfer has a refreshing effect and a positive effect on well-being.

In our country, the study of infrared heating technology has been carried out since the 30s as applied to agriculture as well as for industry.

Conducted medical and biological studies have shown that infrared heating systems more fully meet the specifics of livestock buildings than convective systems of central or air heating. First of all, due to the fact that with infrared heating, the temperature internal surfaces fences, especially the floor, exceeds the air temperature in the room. This factor favorably affects the thermal balance of animals, excluding intense heat losses.

Infrared systems, working in conjunction with natural ventilation systems, provide a reduction relative humidity air to standard values ​​(on pig farms and in calves up to 70-75% and below).

As a result of the operation of these systems, the temperature and humidity conditions in the premises reach favorable parameters.

The use of radiant heating systems for agricultural buildings allows not only to create the necessary conditions microclimate, but also to intensify production. In many farms of Bashkiria (collective farm named after Lenin, collective farm named after Nurimanov), the number of offspring has significantly increased after the introduction of infrared heating (increased farrowing in winter period 4 times), the safety of young animals increased (from 72.8% to 97.6%).

At present, an infrared heating system has been installed and has been operating for one season at the Chuvashsky Broiler enterprise in the suburbs of Cheboksary. According to the managers of the farm, during the period of minimum winter temperatures of -34-36 C, the system worked smoothly and provided the required heat for growing poultry for meat (outdoor keeping) for a period of 48 days. At present, they are considering the issue of equipping other poultry houses with infrared systems.