Presentation "unique animals". Presentation on the theme "animal world" Aquatic habitat

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GBOU TsO No. 1486 Project work Animal world

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The purpose of the work The subject of research in my work are animals, their development and their young. Save the animal world from the enemies of nature.

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What is Animal World? The animal world is a world in which animals rule. Currently great amount both adults and children are very interested in life and habits!

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Introduction to cats. Cats live all over the world. To the largest representative include 1. tigers 2. lions 3. jaguars 4. leopards 5. snow leopards 6. cougars 7. cheetahs.

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Who is higher? Felines can be very tall. The biggest growth of a tiger! 1. Tigers = 100 - 120 cm 2. Cougars = 65 - 80 cm 3. Lynx (red) = 40 - 60 cm 4. Domestic cat = 25 - 35 cm

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White tigers. Albino births are almost universal, and tigers are no exception. White wool and red eyes are caused by a small amount of pigment, which is responsible for the color. Many albinos are found among rabbits, mice and rats.

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Platypuses. Platypuses do not just look funny, but are just a treasure interesting features and exceptions from general rules animals.

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Platypuses. These little animals are the only mammals, which have a developed electroreception i.e. ability to receive electrical signals from environment. For example, under water, platypuses do not have hearing, sight, or smell, but their electroreceptors

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Saber-toothed tigers Life on Earth is constantly changing. The ancient dinosaur giants died out, and the huge shaggy mammoths also retreated. The cat family has also undergone significant changes over the long centuries on our planet. Let's go back in time for a moment to see a cat that will give you goosebumps. Who is this? The legendary saber-toothed tiger.

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Saber-toothed tigers Saber-toothed tiger, or, in Latin, machairod, is a genus of extinct mammals of the cat family, distinctive feature which had impressive upper fangs that protruded menacingly outward, even when the beast's mouth was closed.

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prehistoric times Giant bones, sometimes found in the ground, in antiquity were considered the remains of the heroes of the era Trojan War, in the Middle Ages and up to the XIX century. - the remains of giants, which are mentioned in the Bible and who died during global flood; in the Far East, they were considered the bones of dragons and attributed to them healing properties.

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Dinosaurs The discovery in 1858 in the United States of a well-preserved hadrosaur skeleton overturned the idea of ​​dinosaurs as quadrupeds, showing that dinosaurs could walk on two legs.

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Callus-footed order Callous-footed order Until recently, these animals were considered as artiodactyls, but latest research brought that callosities are so peculiar that they should stand out in a separate detachment.

Animals are one of the most important components of nature, the most mobile part of it. Plants and animals are closely related to each other plant community corresponds to a certain type of animal world. Animals have adapted to a wide variety of habitat conditions, including such extreme ones as deserts and highlands. About 130 thousand species of animals live in Russia, which is almost 8% of the entire world fauna. The distribution of the animal world is subject to the law of geographical zoning. Russia is a country with a vast territory, and hence a rich wildlife. Animals are one of the most important components of nature, its most mobile part. Plants and animals are closely related to each other - a certain type of animal world corresponds to a specific plant community. Animals have adapted to a wide variety of habitat conditions, including such extreme ones as deserts and highlands. About 130 thousand species of animals live in Russia, which is almost 8% of the entire world fauna. The distribution of the animal world is subject to the law of geographical zoning. Russia is a country with a vast territory, and therefore a rich wildlife.

On the islands of the Arctic Ocean, the vast majority of Arctic animals belong to marine life. These are seals, cetaceans, walruses. Their food is mollusks, crustaceans, fish (cod). In the summer, guillemots, guillemots, auks, cormorants, puffins fly here. Arctic foxes and crows feed on the remains of the prey of polar bears. Musk oxen live on Wrangel Island. Desert landscape. New Earth. Arctic fox Walrus Polar bears Seal cub

The tundra landscape of Taimyr The thick fur of the animals and the dense plumage of the birds inhabiting the tundra allows them to survive the cold winters. These include lemmings, arctic foxes, reindeer, snowy owls, white partridges, and crows. There are rare birds here - pink gull, white crane (Siberian crane), white-headed goose, red-breasted goose. Snowy Partridge Lemming Snowy Owl Reindeer

Sable elk WOLF SQUIRREL CHIPMUNK BEAR ERMINE Taiga GRAY CROW PLANK BLACK BLACK GROWER Brown bear, elk, deer, flying squirrel, chipmunk, capercaillie, hazel grouse, wolf, fox, wolverine, white hare, ermine, sable, raven, titmouse, duck - goldeneye waders, owl - sparrow, hawk owl, nutcracker, titmouse.

under the roof big trees elk and wild boar, roe deer and hare, squirrel, badger, fox, marten, weasel, ermine, ferret find protection and food. There are a lot of birds, but in winter their numbers and species composition are greatly reduced, as many of them fly south. Lynx, wolf, brown bear became rare guests. AT last years the river beaver and the raccoon dog acclimatized here. MIXED, BROAD-LEAVED FORESTS Wild boar Mink FoxRaccoon dog Elk Beaver Hedgehog Blue hareLynxGreat tit

monsoon forests Far East Tiger Marten-harza Sable Amur badger Deer Mole natural conditions monsoon mixed forests The Far East is very favorable for the life of many animals. The abundance of various foods, warm and humid summers attract typical Siberian taiga animals: hazel grouse, squirrel, sable, chipmunk, and species of more southern regions- China and India. They belong to Ussurian tiger, black bear, marten - kharza, Far Eastern forest cat, deer, raccoon dog, pheasant, mandarin duck

FOREST-STEPPE Forest-steppe beam. Belgorod region. Here live: beaver, wild boar, hare - hare, elk, wolf, raccoon dog, badger, otter, squirrel, muskrat, fox, weasel, polecat, roe deer, dappled deer. Of the birds - bustard, gray crane, white stork, pheasant, white-tailed eagle, golden eagle. From amphibians - pond and lake frogs, toad, common tree frog, newt. Reptiles: already ordinary, false spindle, lizards. Fish: bream, roach, carp, crucian carp, catfish. toad elk foxwolfbeaver

SEMI-DESERT SEMI-DESERT Fox - FennecGreat Gerbil Saiga Different types jerboas, voles, ground squirrels, ferrets, fennec foxes, wolves, saigas, gazelles. In the reed thickets of river valleys, wild boar is found here and there. Of the birds, there are larks, steppe eagle, harrier, bustard, demoiselle crane. Jeyran

People have learned to protect nature since ancient times. Since ancient times, people have protected "holy" places (springs, lakes, forests), considered them inviolable. For example, in the Northern Trans-Urals, the Khanty and Mansi tribes had many holy places. Only shamans were allowed to hunt there, so many species of animals managed to survive. The first nature reserves in Russia were created back in late XIX century. Many protected areas were located in the places of princely hunting grounds. They were sometimes located near large cities. For example, near Moscow - Kuntsevo, Sokolniki, Moose Island; near St. Petersburg - Hare Island, etc. Modern protected areas vary in area. The largest, such as Taimyr or Kronotsky (in Kamchatka), can be compared with small European states. For example, the territory of the Taimyr Reserve is 1/3 of Switzerland. And some of them are so small that they can be bypassed in a few hours. There are several reasons for this. In the most inhabited regions of the European part of Russia, there are almost no corners of untouched nature left, and therefore they must be protected for our descendants. In addition, the high population density, many factories, factories and buildings do not allow the removal of large areas. But in Siberia and the Far East, until recently, vast spaces remained, the nature of which was practically not affected by human activity. Modern protected areas vary in area. The largest ones, such as Taimyr or Kronotsky (in Kamchatka), can be compared with small European states. For example, the territory of the Taimyr Reserve is 1/3 of Switzerland. And some of them are so small that they can be bypassed in a few hours. There are several reasons for this. In the most inhabited regions of the European part of Russia, there are almost no corners of untouched nature left, and therefore they must be protected for our descendants. In addition, the high population density, the many plants, factories and buildings do not allow large areas to be withdrawn from the economy. But in Siberia and the Far East, until recently, vast spaces remained, the nature of which was practically not affected by human activity. RESERVES

Grebe Karavayka Astrakhan Nature Reserve One of the oldest in Russia (1919) - Astrakhan Nature Reserve. The main territory is occupied by small lakes, shallow bays. 50 species of fish live in shallow waters, most of which are valuable commercial. These are sturgeons (sturgeon, stellate sturgeon, beluga), herring, carp species (catfish, burbot). 250 species of birds live here and 100 species nest: mute swan, gray goose, mallard, dive, coot, pelican, tern, bittern, warbler, cormorant, heron, white-tailed eagle, black kite, long-eared owl, remez, species of ducks, terns, grebes, etc.

Founded in 1916. It is located in the mountainous Baikal taiga. Created to protect sable. Here you can meet wolverine, otter, Siberian weasel, ermine. Reindeer and marals graze in alpine meadows. Barguzinsky Nature Reserve KolonokMaral Caucasian Reserve Located in the mountains of the Greater Caucasus. Here you can meet mountain goat, roe deer, chamois, wild boar. The Caucasian brown bear, lynx, forest cat have become a rarity. Of the birds, there are black grouse, kekliks, snowcocks, golden eagles, bearded vultures. The bear bathes in the river.

On the eastern coast of Kamchatka is the Kronotsky Nature Reserve. Founded in 1934. In terms of the diversity of landscapes, this reserve has no equal in Russia. Very large Kamchatka sables, ermines, wolverines, fire foxes and white hares live in the cedar forests. Rookeries of sea lions, seals and seals are arranged on the shore. Kronotsky Reserve. Far East: Ussuriysky, Kedrovaya Pad, Lazovsky, Sikhote - Alinsky nature reserves. Red deer, wild boars, roe deer, badgers, Siberian weasels, squirrels are found here. Can be found in in large numbers hazel grouses, buntings, flycatchers, thrushes, woodpeckers, tits. The most valuable animals Amur tiger and far eastern leopard. Altai, Zeya, Voronezh, Taimyr, Pinega, etc. In total, there are 95 reserves in Russia. Them total area 30 million hectares.

RESERVATIONS Reserves are created to preserve valuable natural landscapes (landscape), rare species plants (botanical), animals (zoological), as well as swamps, lakes, rivers, seas (hydrological), etc. Economic activity Human beings have a very strong influence on the nature of wildlife sanctuaries. One of the oldest Russian wildlife preserves, Priazovsky, is located in Krasnodar Territory. On its territory, there are settlements, fish farms, and state farms that grow rice. During the nesting of birds, a two-month silence is held here, therefore it is forbidden to use water transport. Reserves are created to preserve valuable natural landscapes (landscape), rare species of plants (botanical), animals (zoological), as well as swamps, lakes, rivers, seas (hydrological), etc. Human economic activity greatly affects the nature of reserves. One of the oldest Russian wildlife preserves, Priazovsky, is located in the Krasnodar Territory. On its territory, there are settlements, fish farms, and state farms that grow rice. During the nesting of birds, a two-month silence is held here, therefore it is forbidden to use water transport.

RED BOOK Oksky reserve Kulan Vertisheyka. Voronezh Reserve Saker Falcon Red is the color of danger. This book includes animals that are already on the verge of extinction or human activities in the near future may lead to their extinction. From the pages of the Red Book, 247 species of animals are crying out for help.

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The red fox leads a solitary life, but during the breeding season, pairs unite to raise offspring together. The rut occurs from December to March, pregnancy lasts 49-58 days. In a brood there are from 4 to 12 fox cubs covered with dark brown down. Both parents are involved in the upbringing of the young. Foxes exterminate harmful rodents and often become victims of epizootics. This is an object of fur trade and fur farming. With the help of selection red fox Silver-black, platinum and other forms have been bred. FOX genus predatory mammals wolf families; includes about 10 species. Unlike wolves, foxes have a squat body, a head with an elongated sharp muzzle, large pointed ears, and eyes with vertical oval pupils. Foxes are found in Eurasia, North America.

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BEARS are a family of mammals of the predatory order, the largest of modern predatory animals; includes 8 species, including brown bear, sloth bear, polar bear, white-breasted bear, baribal, Malay bear, spectacled bear. Bears are monogamous, but couples do not last long, the male does not take part in caring for the offspring. There are usually 1-3 cubs in a litter. The life expectancy of bears is 30–45 years. Many species are well trained and kept in the zoo. Polar bear, sloth bear, spectacled bear, subspecies brown bear- Mexican and Canadian grizzlies, as well as the white-breasted bear are listed in the International Red Book.

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MONKEYS is a suborder of mammals of the order of primates. Body length from 15 cm (some marmosets) to 1.8 m (gorillas). Five-fingered limbs are characteristic; in most species, the anterior and posterior are almost equal. In most species, the first (thumb) finger is opposed to the rest. Nails on fingers. The hairline is thick and soft, the categories of hair are usually weakly expressed. Females have 1 pair of functioning nipples. The medulla of the skull is strongly developed, the facial one slightly protrudes forward. The hemispheres of the brain are large and large. The tail is of various lengths, in some species it is prehensile. Hearing and vision are well developed. They live in family groups or herds with a hierarchical system of subordination. Cheek pouches and ischial calluses are absent. All are mostly vegetarians, eating insects and small vertebrates. Broad-nosed monkeys in the 18th century appeared in Europe, where they were extremely fashionable.

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The lion is a carnivorous mammal of the cat family. Body length up to 2.4 m, tail up to 1.1 m; weight up to 280 kg. The body is powerful, slender and lean. The head is extremely massive with a rather long muzzle. The paws are very strong. The tail is long, with a brush at the end. Adult males have a characteristic mane covering the neck, shoulders and chest. On the whole body, the hair is short, brownish-yellow, the mane is darker. Once the lion was widespread, until the 8th-10th centuries it could be found in southern Europe, as well as throughout Africa, in Asia Minor and South Asia. Now it is only preserved in Central Africa and in India. The lion lives in open spaces or in sparse thickets, in savannahs, steppes. It is found not only alone, but also in groups. Such a group usually includes 1-2 adult males, several adult females, and young. During the day, lions rest, stretching out in the grass or climbing a low tree, hunting mainly at dusk.

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The wolf is active at night, feeds on any animals that live in its range. AT winter time the basis of the diet is ungulates, in summer - smaller vertebrates, reptiles, egg laying, insects and berries. Hungry wolf, able to eat up to 10 kg of meat, but the usual daily rate 2-6 kg. In times of famine, it does not disdain carrion, cases of cannibalism are known. Wolves are territorial animals. The site boundaries are marked and strictly guarded. To communicate, wolves use facial expressions, various postures, the position of the tail, howl, which differs in hardened males, she-wolves and young wolves. The wolf is active at night, feeds on any animals that live in its range. In winter, the basis of the diet is ungulates, in summer - smaller vertebrates, reptiles, egg laying, insects and berries. A hungry wolf is able to eat up to 10 kg of meat, but the usual daily allowance is 2-6 kg. In times of famine, it does not disdain carrion, cases of cannibalism are known.

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CAT PREDATORS family of carnivorous mammals; according to various estimates, it is divided into three or four genera: cats, big cats, cheetahs (sometimes a separate genus is isolated and snow leopard), a total of 37 species. Body length from 10 to 114 cm, weight from 1.5 to 275 kg. dental system pronounced carnivorous character. The fangs are long and curved, the molars have sharp, cutting tips. Most cats bring one litter a year. Pregnancy lasts 55-270 days, the cubs are born blind and helpless. Most females become sexually mature after 12-15 months. Life expectancy up to 30 years. 19 species and subspecies of cats are listed in the International Red Book.

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CROCODILES detachment of aquatic reptiles, 21 species. Distributed in the tropics, in rivers, lakes and swamps. Active at night. They feed mainly on fish. They often eat carrion, cannibalism is noted. They hunt from ambush. Terrestrial animals lie in wait at the watering hole and on the shore. They can chase prey, reaching speeds up to 10 km / h. Male crocodiles have individual areas strictly protected by them. Females are more accommodating. They lay eggs covered with calcareous shells. The clutch guarded by the female contains 10-100 eggs. At the gharial, the male guards the clutch. Life expectancy is 80-100 years. 3 families: gharials, alligators and real crocodiles. The number is sharply reduced. 26 species and subspecies in the IUCN Red List. In the USA, Japan, Cuba and a number of other countries, crocodiles are bred on farms. The Nile crocodile is a family of true crocodiles. Body length up to 6 m, weight up to 600 kg. Distributed in Africa, except for the Eastern part and the Sahara. The female lays up to 60 eggs in a hole on the shore. Protects clutch for 3 months and stays with cubs for 1.5.

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HARES are a family of mammals of the order Lagomorphs. About 50 species, including hare, hare, wild rabbit, Manchurian hare. Separate types adapted for fast running, digging, swimming, climbing. They are distributed everywhere, with the exception of the island of Madagascar, the southern regions of South America and Antarctica. Lead an active, solitary lifestyle; do not have permanent shelters. They breed up to 4 times a year. There are 2-8 (up to 15) cubs in a litter. Cubs are born on bare ground, sighted, covered with hair. Already at the age of a few days they can move independently. Rabbits live in burrows in colonies. Cubs are born naked, blind, helpless. Object of trade and sport hunting (wild rabbit, hare, etc.). Acclimatized in Australia, Nov. Zealand. Some species of hares cause great harm to pastures, orchards, and forest plantations. Some species spread carriers of natural focal infections. 4 species in the Red Book of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and natural resources(IUCN).

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DEER is a family of artiodactyl animals of the ruminant suborder. Males (for reindeer and females) have antlers (for most, branched), which are shed annually, growing again in spring. About 30 species, in Eurasia, North. Africa, America, acclimatized in Nov. Zealand and several islands. The most famous red deer, spotted deer, fallow deer, roe deer, musk deer, elk, reindeer. Object of trade (meat, skin, horns). The number of a number of species is declining. 11 species and 20 subspecies in the Red Book of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources.

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RED DEER is an artiodactyl mammal of the deer family; has many subspecies, previously considered independent species, and differing in the structure and length of the body, horns, as well as color details (European deer, deer, red deer, wapiti, tugai deer, Kashmir deer). The red deer is distributed in Europe (excluding the northeast), Asia (excluding the north), temperate zone North America and in North Africa, acclimatized in Australia, New Zealand and South America. It lives mainly in broad-leaved, taiga and subtropical forests, where it adheres to clearings and clearings with young undergrowth and rich herbage; climbs the mountains to the alpine belt. AT different parts range deer are distinguished by their size: in Siberia, they can have a height at the withers of more than 1.5 m and reach a weight of 340 kg, and in Central Asia deer are 60–80 cm high and weigh no more than 70–100 kg. The male has branched horns, summer animal fur without spots.

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BOAR (wild pig) is a non-ruminant artiodactyl mammal of the pig family; forms more than 25 subspecies. Length 130-175 cm, weight 60-150 kg. The wild boar is unusually variable in size and proportions. The head is large, wedge-shaped extended forward. The ears are long and wide, the eyes are small, the snout is with a snout. The body is covered with elastic bristles, longer and denser in winter, with underfur. On the back, the bristles form a comb, which bristles when the animal is excited. Coloration from light brown to almost black. Piglets are striped. The wild boar is common in North Africa (almost exterminated) and in Eurasia - from Western Europe to the Far East, south of the latitude of St. Petersburg. The animal is acclimatized in a number of countries in America. Its habitats are diverse - from the dark coniferous taiga and mountains, to rainforest and deserts. The main factor limiting the distribution of the wild boar in the north and in Siberia is the depth of the snow cover and the duration of the snow period. Snow limits the movement of wild boars, making them vulnerable to predators and making it difficult to find food.

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musk deer is a species of artiodactyl ruminant mammals of the musk deer family; forms six subspecies. Body length up to 1 m, height 70 cm, weight 15-17 kg. Males have long upper canine teeth and a musk-secreting gland on their abdomen (used in the perfume industry). On the inner surface the tail has glands with a sharp goat smell. Has no horns. Her hind legs are much longer than her front legs. The musk deer is also interesting in that the males have long upper fangs, which are clearly visible from the outside. General color tone brown or brownish various shades. From the corners of the lower jaw, blond hair stretches down the neck through the chest. The favorite habitats of this cautious and secretive animal are dark coniferous areas of the taiga with an abundance of deadwood near the reservoir. The settlement areas are scattered in a mosaic pattern. Musk deer is a great jumper. At a swift gallop, she is able to abruptly change direction, instantly extinguish speed or rush in the opposite direction.

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BROWN BEAR is a predatory mammal of the Bear family. It includes 7 subspecies that differ in size, color and habitat. Body length 1.7-2.2 meters, weight 100-340 kg. These are densely built animals, with an elongated facial region, small eyes and ears, a sloping back and a short tail. The fur is thick, brown, of various shades. Young animals have a light collar on the neck. The fangs are powerful, the crowns of the molars are wide and flat. This is due mixed type nutrition. The protruding nose has a well-developed olfactory mucosa. The paws are powerful, five-fingered, the claws are strong, strongly curved. Unlike other predatory mammals, bears have practically no facial expressions. In Europe, where there were no lions, the bear was considered the "king of animals", many fairy tales are associated with it, its images can be seen on the coats of arms of many cities. Bears are perfectly trained, perform in circuses of the world.

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Slides captions:

Diversity of the animal world Completed by Goreva A.A., primary school teacher

Insects

Insects Have six legs Have notches on the body Live everywhere: on the ground, in the ground, in the water

Birds They have two legs The body is covered with feathers They lay eggs

mammals

mammals They have four legs The body is covered with hair The young are fed with milk

reptiles

Reptiles Move by crawling Have smooth or scaly skin Live on land

FISH Live in oceans, seas, rivers and lakes Body covered with slippery scales Eat animal food Breathe through gills

Amphibians

They have smooth, shiny skin. They feed on insects, snails, worms. Amphibians live on land and in water

animals mammals birds reptiles insects fish amphibians

Animals Breathe Eat Move Breed

Animal - living being

Animals are living beings And our care is so important to them, To be able to fly, breathe, raise children And live peacefully on our planet!

Burrows of animals, bird's nest We will never ruin! Let the chicks and small animals live well with us!

Thank you for your attention!

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