Sayings of famous personalities about Chechens at different times. Platon of the Janissaries: Russians and Chechens: the number of peoples in the Russian Empire, the USSR and the Russian Federation
The question of the origin of the Chechen people is still debatable. According to one version, the Chechens are the autochthonous people of the Caucasus, a more exotic version connects the appearance of the Chechen ethnic group with the Khazars.
Difficulties in etymology
The emergence of the ethnonym "Chechens" has many explanations. Some scholars suggest that this word is a transliteration of the name of the Chechen people among the Kabardians - "shashan", which may have come from the name of the village of Big Chechen. Presumably, it was there in the 17th century that the Russians first met with the Chechens. According to another hypothesis, the word "Chechen" has Nogai roots and is translated as "robber, dashing, thieving person."
The Chechens themselves call themselves "Nokhchi". This word has no less complex etymological nature. The Caucasian scholar of the late XIX - early XX century Bashir Dalgat wrote that the name "Nokhchi" can be used as a common tribal name for both the Ingush and the Chechens. However, in modern Caucasian studies, it is customary to use the term “Vainakhs” (“our people”) in the designation of the Ingush and Chechens.
AT recent times scientists pay attention to another variant of the ethnonym "Nokhchi" - "Nakhchmatians". The term is first encountered in the “Armenian Geography” of the 7th century. According to the Armenian orientalist Kerope Patkanov, the ethnonym "Nakhchmatians" is compared with the medieval ancestors of the Chechens.
ethnic diversity
Vainakh oral tradition tells that their ancestors came from beyond the mountains. Many scientists agree that the ancestors of the Caucasian peoples formed in Western Asia about 5 thousand years BC and over the next several thousand years actively migrated towards the Caucasian Isthmus, settling on the shores of the Black and Caspian Seas. Some of the settlers moved outside Caucasian ridge along the Argun Gorge and settled in the mountainous part of modern Chechnya.
According to most modern Caucasian scholars, all subsequent time there was a complex process of ethnic consolidation of the Vainakh ethnos, in which neighboring peoples periodically intervened. Doctor of Philology Katy Chokaev notes that the arguments about the ethnic "purity" of the Chechens and Ingush are erroneous. According to the scientist, in their development, both peoples have done long haul, as a result of which they both absorbed the features of other ethnic groups and lost some of their features.
In the composition of modern Chechens and Ingush, ethnographers find a significant proportion of representatives of the Turkic, Dagestan, Ossetian, Georgian, Mongolian, and Russian peoples. This, in particular, is evidenced by the Chechen and Ingush languages, in which there is a noticeable percentage of borrowed words and grammatical forms. But we can also safely talk about the influence of the Vainakh ethnic group on neighboring peoples. For example, the orientalist Nikolai Marr wrote: “I will not hide the fact that in the highlanders of Georgia, together with them in Khevsurs, Pshavs, I see Chechen tribes that have become Georgianized.”
Ancient Caucasians
Doctor historical sciences Professor Georgy Anchabadze is sure that the Chechens are the oldest of the indigenous peoples of the Caucasus. He adheres to the Georgian historiographic tradition, according to which the brothers Kavkaz and Lek laid the foundation for two peoples: the first is Chechen-Ingush, the second is Dagestan. The descendants of the brothers subsequently settled the deserted territories of the North Caucasus from the mountains to the mouth of the Volga. This opinion is largely consistent with the statement of the German scientist Friedrich Blubenbach, who wrote that the Chechens have a Caucasian anthropological type, reflecting the appearance of the very first Caucasoid Cro-Magnons. Archaeological data also indicate that ancient tribes lived in the mountains of the North Caucasus as early as the Bronze Age.
The British historian Charles Rekherton in one of his works departs from the autochthonous nature of the Chechens and makes a bold statement that the origins of Chechen culture are the Hurrian and Urartian civilizations. The related, albeit distant, connections between the Hurrian and modern Vainakh languages are indicated, in particular, by the Russian linguist Sergei Starostin.
The ethnographer Konstantin Tumanov in his book "On the Prehistoric Language of Transcaucasia" suggested that the famous "Van inscriptions" - Urartian cuneiform texts - were made by the ancestors of the Vainakhs. As proof of the antiquity of the Chechen people, Tumanov cited great amount toponyms. In particular, the ethnographer noted that in the Urartu language, a protected fortified area or fortress was called "khoi". In the same sense, this word is found in the Chechen-Ingush toponymy: khoi is a village in Cheberloi, which really had a strategic significance, blocking the way to the Cheberloev basin from Dagestan.
Noah's people
Let's return to the self-name of the Chechens "Nokhchi". Some researchers see in it a direct indication of the name of the Old Testament patriarch Noah (in the Koran - Nuh, in the Bible - Noah). They divide the word "nokhchi" into two parts: if the first - "nokh" - means Noah, then the second - "chi" - should be translated as "people" or "people". This, in particular, was pointed out by the German linguist Adolf Dyrr, who said that the element "chi" in any word means "man". You don't have to look far for examples. In order to designate the inhabitants of a city in Russian, in many cases it is enough for us to add the ending “chi” - Muscovites, Omsk.
Are Chechens descendants of the Khazars?
The version that the Chechens are the descendants of the biblical Noah has a continuation. A number of researchers claim that the Jews of the Khazar Khaganate, whom many call the 13th tribe of Israel, did not disappear without a trace. Defeated prince of Kyiv Svyatoslav Igorevich in 964 they went to the mountains of the Caucasus and there laid the foundations of the Chechen ethnos. In particular, some of the refugees after the victorious campaign of Svyatoslav were met in Georgia by the Arab traveler Ibn Khaukal.
A copy of a curious instruction from the NKVD from 1936 has been preserved in the Soviet archives. The document explained that up to 30% of Chechens secretly profess the religion of their ancestors Judaism and consider the rest of the Chechens to be low-born strangers.
It is noteworthy that Khazaria has a translation in the Chechen language - “Beautiful Country”. Boss Archival management under the President and Government Chechen Republic Magomed Muzaev notes on this occasion: “It is quite possible that the capital of Khazaria was on our territory. We must know that Khazaria, which existed on the map for 600 years, was the most powerful state in the east of Europe.”
“Many ancient sources indicate that the Terek valley was inhabited by the Khazars. In the V-VI centuries. this country was called Barsilia, and, according to the Byzantine chroniclers Theophanes and Nicephorus, the homeland of the Khazars was located here, ”wrote the famous orientalist Lev Gumilyov.
Some Chechens are still convinced that they are descendants of the Khazar Jews. So, eyewitnesses say that during the Chechen war, one of the leaders of the militants, Shamil Basayev, said: "This war is revenge for the defeat of the Khazars."
Modern Russian writer- Chechen by nationality - German Sadulaev also believes that some Chechen teips are descendants of the Khazars.
Another curious fact: on the most ancient image of a Chechen warrior, which has survived to this day, two six-pointed stars of the Israeli King David are clearly visible.
The Chechens themselves call themselves Nokhchi. Some translate it as Noah's people. Representatives of this people live not only in Chechnya, but also in some regions of Dagestan, Ingushetia and Georgia. In total, there are more than one and a half million Chechens in the world.
The name "Chechen" appeared long before the revolution. But in the pre-revolutionary era and in the first decades of Soviet power, some other small Caucasian peoples were also often called Chechens - for example, the Ingush, Batsbi, Georgian Kists. There is an opinion that this is essentially one and the same people, separate groups of which, due to historical circumstances, were isolated from each other.
How was the word "Chechen" born?
There are several versions of the origin of the word "Chechen". According to one of them, it is a Russian transliteration of the word "shashan", which was used to denote this people by the Kabardian neighbors. For the first time, it is mentioned as the “Sassan people” in the Persian chronicle of the 13th-14th centuries, authored by Rashid ad-Din, which refers to the war with the Tatar-Mongols.
According to another version, this designation comes from the name of the village of Big Chechen, where at the end of the 17th century Russians first encountered Chechens. As for the name of the village, it goes back to XIII century when the headquarters of the Mongol Khan Sechen was here.
Starting from the 18th century, the ethnonym "Chechens" appeared in official sources in Russian and Georgian, and later it was borrowed by other peoples. Chechnya became part of Russia on January 21, 1781.
Meanwhile, a number of researchers, in particular, A. Vagapov, believe that this ethnonym was used by the neighbors of the Chechens long before the appearance of Russians in the Caucasus.
Where did the Chechen people come from?
The early stage of the history of the formation of the Chechen people remains hidden from us by the darkness of history. It is possible that the ancestors of the Vainakhs (this is how native speakers of Nakh languages, for example, Chechens and Ingush are called) migrated from Transcaucasia to the north of the Caucasus, but this is only a hypothesis.
Here is the version put forward by Georgy Anchabadze, Doctor of Historical Sciences:
“Chechens are the most ancient indigenous people of the Caucasus, their ruler bore the name “Kavkaz”, from which the name of the area originated. In the Georgian historiographical tradition, it is also believed that the Caucasus and his brother Lek, the ancestor of the Dagestanis, settled the then deserted territories of the North Caucasus from the mountains to the mouth of the Volga River.
There are also alternative versions. One of them says that the Vainakhs are the descendants of the Hurrian tribes who went to the north, settled Georgia and North Caucasus. This is confirmed by the similarity of languages and culture.
It is also possible that the ancestors of the Vainakhs were tigrids - a people who lived in Mesopotamia (in the region of the Tigris River). If you believe the old Chechen chronicles - Teptars, the point of departure of the Vainakh tribes was in Shemaar (Shemar), from where they settled in the North and North-East of Georgia and the North Caucasus. But, most likely, this applies only to a part of the tukhkums (Chechen communities), since there is evidence of settlement along other routes.
Most modern Caucasian scholars are inclined to believe that the Chechen nation was formed in the 16th-18th centuries as a result of the unification of the Vainakh peoples, mastering the foothills of the Caucasus. The most important unifying factor for them was Islamization, which took place in parallel with the settlement of the Caucasian lands. One way or another, it cannot be denied that the core of the Chechen ethnic group is the eastern Vainakh ethnic groups.
From the Caspian to Western Europe
Chechens did not always live in one place. Thus, their earliest tribes lived in the area that stretched from the mountains near Enderi to the Caspian Sea itself. But, since they often stole cattle and horses from the Grebensky and Don Cossacks, in 1718 they attacked them, chopped many, and drove the rest away.
After the end of the Caucasian war in 1865, about 5,000 Chechen families moved to the area Ottoman Empire. They began to be called Muhajirs. Today their descendants represent the bulk of the Chechen diasporas in Turkey, Syria and Jordan.
In February 1944, more than half a million Chechens were deported by order of Stalin to the regions Central Asia. On January 9, 1957, they received permission to return to former place residence, but a certain number of immigrants remained in their new homeland - in Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan.
First and second Chechen wars led to the fact that a significant number of Chechens moved to the countries Western Europe, Turkey and Arab countries. The Chechen diaspora has grown in Russia as well.
CHECHENS, Nokhchi(self-name), people in Russian Federation, the main population of Chechnya.
According to the 2002 Population Census, 1,361,000 Chechens live in Russia. According to the 2010 Census - 1 million 431 thousand also live in Ingushetia, Dagestan, Stavropol Territory, Volgograd region, Kalmykia, Astrakhan, Saratov, Tyumen region, North Ossetia, Moscow, as well as in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Ukraine, etc.
Ethnonym
In Armenian sources of the 7th century, Chechens are mentioned under the name "nakhcha matyan" ("nokhchi speakers"). In the documents of the 16th-17th centuries there are tribal names of the Chechens ( Ichkerinians, okoks, shubuts, etc..). The name Chechens was a Russian transliteration of Kabardian "sheshei" and came from the name of the village of Big Chechen.
Language
Chechens speak the Chechen language of the Nakh group of the Nakh-Dagestan branch of the North Caucasian language family. Dialects: Planar, Akkin, Cheberloev, Melkhinsky, Itumkalin, Galanchozh, Kist. The Russian language is also widespread. Writing after 1917, first on the basis of Arabic, then Latin graphics, and since 1938 - on the basis of the Russian alphabet.
Religion
Believing Chechens are Sunni Muslims. Sufi teachings of two kinds are widespread - Nakshbandi and Nadiri. The main deities of the pre-Muslim pantheon were the god of the sun and sky Dela, the god of thunder and lightning Sela, the patron of cattle breeding Gal-Erdy, hunting - Elta, the goddess of fertility Tusholi, the god of the underworld Eshtr. Islam penetrated into Chechnya in the 13th century through the Golden Horde and Dagestan. Fully Chechens converted to Islam in the 18th century. An important element Chechen society are Sufi communities-virds along with tribal clans (teips), although the priority social role currently playing regular civic institutions.
Traditional activities
Agriculture and cattle breeding. Chechens bred sheep, large cattle as well as thoroughbred horses for riding. There was economic specialization between the mountainous and lowland regions of Chechnya: receiving bread from the plains, mountain Chechens sold surplus livestock in return. Jewelry and blacksmithing, mining, silk production, bone and horn processing were also developed.
clothing
Chechen traditional men's clothing - shirt, trousers, beshmet, cherkeska. Men's hats are high, widening hats made of valuable fur. The hat was considered the personification of manhood, knocking it down entailed blood feud.
Main elements women's clothing Chechen - shirt and pants. The shirt had a tunic cut, sometimes below the knees, sometimes to the ground. The color of clothes was determined by the status of a woman, it differed among married, unmarried and widows.
Of all the peoples living in the CIS, it was the Chechens who “distinguished themselves” more than others in helping the United States and NATO, who were chosen by the diabolical world government to become an insidious sharp double-edged sword for the mass destruction of the Slavs according to the plan of the international mafia in the current pre-war period and in the future, throughout throughout World War 3.
I often ask questions:
- Why did Perez, the former head of the secret government, and Rasmussen, the chief military strategist and mafia leader in charge of implementing the military and terrorist part of the 3rd World War, focus on the Chechen people?
What are the roots of the Chechen people and who is the ancestor of this people?
And why did the Chechens turn out to be so cruel, two-faced and corrupt #NotPeople, who betrayed and sold all of Russia and the Commonwealth countries to devilish servants from the secret government, exposing them to a crushing blow, thus. 300 million people?!
Many Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian and other military personnel and ordinary locals they simply hate the Chechens for their cruelty, violence and arrogance. Yes, and how can one respect those who so insidiously substitute their own, for the sake of obtaining quick profits and personal privileges? Or do Chechens not consider Russians to be people at all?
I don’t know about you, but when I think about the Chechen people and how they behave towards the inhabitants of our region, delve into their history, I clearly realize that there is something very dark, diabolical in the roots of the Chechen people , as if some very terrible person seriously influenced the creation and formation of this people, which today is expressed in such a terrible attitude of the Chechens to life, in their worldview, some traditions and culture, as well as in their relationship with other peoples!
Well, let’s say that the Chechens have a long conflict with the Russians and they haven’t divided something among themselves, harbored a grudge against each other and are trying to take revenge one on one (although I have my own opinion on this), but the Belarusians don’t do anything to the Chechens have done, and they are preparing against my people a terrible bloody war, a whole series of terrorist acts throughout the country, the massive destruction of our military and civilian population during times of unrest and war, as well as large-scale robberies, looting, seizure of personal property of our citizens, real estate and even entire districts in the capital of Belarus!
Many Chechens, apparently, are proud of the fact that it is the so-called. ancient civilization Ariev, is the progenitor of the Chechen people, as many sources on the Internet say, some of which I will give below. However, from the point of view of Christianity, these Aryans, described in the Bible as "sons of Anakov" or "sons of God", are representatives of demonic spirits, fallen angels and messengers of the devil on Earth, although some "philosophers" try to present them as positive demigods. These are demons in the flesh, who interbred with beautiful female dugouts, who gave birth from them to a stronger generation of demi-devils / demi-humans, stronger, more enduring and taller than ordinary people, more insidious and strong in military affairs!
This explains a lot to me, for example, why among the Chechens there are especially many demons in the flesh, born in our generation, which even fairly strong military personnel around the world are afraid of, although there are demons in human form in every nation, but not so many. And also why the wolf is the image of the Chechens, although the highly spiritual God's people always associate the wolf with werewolf demons, and the Chechens are proud of their image and even set an example for other peoples. Why exactly this people became a hotbed of terrorism and was specially chosen by the world satanic government for this role in our region and why it is the Chechens who are trying to seize power over the entire terrorist world the globe, where Chechens are especially distinguished and valued among militants from other countries, and subjugate him, being controlled by Kadyrov-Avvadnon himself, etc.
I know that Stalin (although I don’t have a positive attitude towards him), being a native of the same region as the Chechens, somehow hated this people especially strongly and therefore enough most he was once deported to other regions of our planet. And sometimes I catch myself thinking that he understood something very well and knew about the Chechens, but what exactly?
Unfortunately, I didn't find the answer to this question...
Why did Stalin deport Chechens and Ingush?
http://holeclub.ru/news/stalin_i_chechency/2012-03-06-1408
Article: "Chechens"
Theories of the origin of the Chechens
The problem of the origin and the earliest stage in the history of the Chechens remains not completely clarified and debatable, although their deep autochthonism in the North-Eastern Caucasus and a larger area of settlement in antiquity seem quite obvious. It is possible that the mass movement of the Proto-Vainakh tribes from Transcaucasia to the north of the Caucasus, but the time, causes and circumstances of this migration, recognized by a number of scientists, remain at the level of assumptions and hypotheses.
Version of the doctor of historical sciences, professor George Anchabadze about the origin of the Chechens and Ingush:
- The Chechens are the most ancient indigenous people of the Caucasus, their ruler bore the name "Caucasus", from which the name of the area originated. In the Georgian historiographic tradition, it is also believed that the Caucasus and his brother Lek, the ancestor of the Dagestanis, settled the then deserted territories of the North Caucasus from the mountains to the mouth of the Volga River.
Several other versions exist:
- Descendants of the Hurrian tribes (cf. division into teips), who went north (Georgia, the North Caucasus). This is confirmed both by the similarity of the Chechen and Hurrian languages, as well as similar legends, and an almost completely identical pantheon of gods.
- Descendants of the Tigrid population, an autochthonous people who lived in the region of Sumer (R. Tigris). Chechen Teptars call Shemaar (Shemara), then Nakhchuvan, Kagyzman, the North and North-East of Georgia, and finally the North Caucasus, the point of departure of the Chechen tribes. However, most likely, this applies only to a part of the Chechen tukhums, since the route of settlement of other tribes is somewhat different, for example, the Sharoi cultural figures point to the Leninakan (Sharoi) region, the same can be said about some clans of Cheberloi, such as Khoi (“khoi” - guards, patrol) (Khoi in Iran)
Part 7. Who are the ancestors of the Chechens and where do they come from.
Much water has flowed under the bridge after the Great Flood, and Roman (inverted) law and rulers have established themselves in this world, who all with a chok destroyed any mention ofAryan civilization and their special people's government, instead of which the domination of newcomers with an aggressive mentality, with a lower culture and an ugly form of minority power with a whole arsenal of suppression and subjugation, was established.
Only the Vainakhs, apparently due to the military way of life and strict adherence to the laws of their ancestors, were able to preserve until the 19th centurymoral norms and beliefs of the Aryans and the form of social structure inherited from their ancestors with popular rule .
In his previous works, the author was the first to point out that the essence of the Chechen conflict lies in the clash of two different ideologies of public administration and in the special flintiness of the Chechens, who do not completely submit to any losses.
In this unequal and cruel battle that the Chechen people inherited, the Chechens themselves have changed and have lost a lot over the past three centuries from what their ancestors had been protecting for thousands of years.
The sasens have left their marknot only in the North Caucasus . The Sasinid dynasty in Iran, removing the "new aliens" from power, restored the Aryan norms of morality and the religion of Zoroastrianism (Zero - zero, the starting point, aster - a star, i.e. stellar start). In Greater Armenia, the descendants of David of Sasun bravely fought against the troops of the Caliphate in the 8th-9th centuries, and the regular Turkish army and bands of Kurds in the 19th-20th centuries. As part of the Russian corps, the Chechen detachments of Taimiev (1829) and Chermoevs (1877 and 1914) stormed the Armenian city of Erzrum three times, freeing it from the Turks.
One of the modified names of the Chechens is Shashen,in the Karabakh dialect of the Armenian language sounds like "special to the point of madness and brave to the point of madness". And the name Tsatsane already clearly indicates the peculiarity of the Chechens.
Nokhchi Chechens consider (apparently, at the call of blood)Nakhchevannamed by their ancestors as the settlement of Nokhchi, although the Armenians understand this name as a beautiful village. Slender, white, blue-eyed warriors on horseback among swarthy and undersized peasants were really beautiful.
There are traces of Nokhchi in southeastern Armenia in the region of Khoy (in Iran) and Akka in western Armenia in the interfluve of the Greater and Lesser Zab south of Erzrum. It should be noted that the Chechen people and the Vainakh communities that make it up are heterogeneous and include a dozen separate branches, with different dialects.
When studying Chechen society it seems that you are dealing with the descendants of the last defenders of the fortress, gathered in the citadel from different places. Moving in force different reasons, the great-ancestors of the Chechens did not go further than a thousand kilometers from Mount Ararat, i.e. they practically remained within the region.
And the great-ancestors of the Vainakhs came from different places - some quickly and with heavy losses, while others gradually and more safely, for example, like Nokhchi fromMitanni. Let those times (more than three thousand years ago) be long and stretch for tens and hundreds of years. Along the way, they left the settlements they founded, and some of them went further, moving north for a reason that is now inexplicable to us, and the rest merged with the local population.
Finding traces of the ancestors of the Chechens is difficult because they really did not come from one place. There were no searches in the past,the Chechens themselves were content with an oral retelling of the path of their ancestors , but with Islamization, there were no Vainakh storytellers left either.
Today, the search for traces of the great-ancestors of the Vainakhs and archaeological excavations must be carried out on the territory of as many as 8 states during the period of the end of the second millennium BC.
The arrival of the former Aryan guards separate detachments with families and households in the Galanchozh district laid the foundationChechen tukhums and taips (tai - share). The main taipas still distinguish their plots (share) on the land of Galanchozh, since it was then first divided by the great-ancestors thousands of years ago.
Gala among many peoples means to come, i.e. Galanchozh can mean the place of arrival or settlement from it, which is true either way.
Both the name of the great-ancestors of the Chechens (Sasen) and the current name of their descendants (Chechens), and their whole history are special.The development of Chechen society differed in many features and in many respects has no analogues.
The Chechens turned out to be very refractory and difficult to change from their ancestors, and for many centuries they retained their language and way of life, and social structure theirfree communities ruled by councils, without the admission of hereditary power . Legendary Turpal Nokhcho, who coped with the bull, harnessed it and taught the Nokhchi how to plow, overcame evil and bequeathed to keep the lake, from which the Nokhchi settled, clean, i.e. keep clean the foundations, language, laws and beliefs received from the ancestors (without polluting them with alien customs). As long as Turpal's commandments were respected, the Chechens were lucky in history.
Despite all the talk about repressions, the number of Chechens and Ingush in the USSR increased very quickly. Soviet authority created almost ideal conditions for their life. The number of Russians did not grow so fast, but still grew until 1989. Then the demographic collapse began.
In the Russian Empire, Chechens and Ingush, as well as other peoples of the Caucasus, also became more numerous. But the number of these peoples increased under the tsars not faster, but more slowly than the number of Orthodox Slavs. That is, in the Empire, the Slavs felt much better than later in the USSR.
The most “problematic” years for the Chechens and Ingush were the years of the Caucasian War (1830s, 40s, 50s, 60s), when they not only died during hostilities and famine, but were evicted en masse to Turkey from “ the power of the infidels. And two decades after World War II, when some of them were evicted to Kazakhstan.
Russians and Chechens, as it were, symbolize directly opposite tendencies of development.
In 1861 there were 140,000 Chechens in Russia. In 1867 - 116 thousand, in 1875 - 139.2 thousand, in 1889 - 186,618 thousand, in 1897 - 226.5 thousand, and finally, in 1913 - 245.5 thousand people.
During the 1960s, Chechens were ahead of even the peoples of Central Asia in terms of birth rates. From 1959 to 1970 their number increased by 46.3 percent and amounted to 612.7 thousand people.
According to the 1979 census, the number of Chechens grew to 756,000. Compared to the previous census, their growth was 23.4 percent. In the next decade, the number of Chechens increased by 26.8 percent and in 1989 reached 958,309 people.
During recent decades the Chechen population steadily increased in the Sunzha region and in the city of Grozny. In 1970, 9,452 Chechens lived in the Sunzha region (15.5 percent of the population of this region), in 1979 - 11,240 (18.8 percent), and in 1989 - 13,047 (21.4 percent) . According to other sources, there are about 17,000 Chechens in the Sunzha region.
If in 1970 only 59,279 Chechens lived in Grozny and their share in the population of the city did not exceed 17.4 percent, then in 1989 there were already 121,350 of them. In other words, every third inhabitant of Grozny was a Chechen.
According to the All-Union Population Census of 1989, 1,270,429 people lived on the territory of the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, of which 734,501 were Chechens, 293,771 Russians, 163,762 Ingush, 14,824 Armenians, 14,824 Tatars, and 12 Nogais. 637. At the same time, about 1,100 thousand people lived on the territory of Chechnya.
In 2010, 24,382 Russians (1.9%) remained in Chechnya. For comparison: in 1989, there were 210,000 Russians in Grozny alone.
The permanent population of the Chechen Republic as of December 1, 2013 amounted to 1,344,900 people and increased compared to the same period in 2012 by 21.7 thousand people or by 1.6%. This is the highest population growth in Russia.
Over the past 25 years, not only Russians, but also the entire Russian-speaking population (Ukrainians, Belarusians, Armenians and Jews) have suffered from the policy of genocide in Chechnya over the past 25 years. In 1989, there were 326.5 thousand of them in Chechnya and Ingushetia. According to the 2002 census, only 48 thousand remained - 278.5 thousand less.
half of the Russian-speaking population (24.6 thousand people) in Chechnya and Ingushetia were Russian soldiers.
In the middle of the 19th century, the Chechen society consisted of 135 teips. Currently, they are divided into mountainous (about 100 teips) and plains (about 70 teips). Teips within themselves are divided into "gars" (branches) and "nekyi" - surnames. Chechen teips are united in nine tukhums, a kind of territorial unions.
In the twentieth century, the number of Chechens and Ingush increased rapidly. According to censuses, it was in thousands of people: in 1926 - 393, in 1939 - 500, in 1959 - 525, in 1970 - 770, in 1979 - 942, in 1989 - 1.114 thousand.
The number of Chechens and Ingush for the years 1926-1959 increased by 33.6%, much stronger than that of other peoples of the USSR (for example, among the Kazakhs over the same period it fell by 9%, among the Kalmyks - by 20%, among the Abkhazians it increased by fifteen%)
According to our estimates, the number of Chechens and Ingush in Russia in 2002 amounted to 1232 thousand people (within the borders of former USSR about 1300 thousand).
In 2010, the Ingush (Galga, Galgai, Kalgai, Karabulak, Melkhi (with the Ingush language), Orstkhoi, Orstkhoi, Ortskhoi, Ortskho, Ershkhoi) in Russia were
444.833 people.
Chechens (Benois, Vainakhs, Gekhins, Ichkerians, Melkhs, Nakhchos, Nokhchis, Nokhchos, Orstkhoys (with the Chechen language), Orstkhoy, Orstkhoys (with the Chechen language), Chechens-Akkins, Akins, Akkiy, Akkins, Akkoy, Akkhy, Aukhovtsy, Chechens-Akins, Ekins) - 1.431.360 people.
And here are the statistics of growth and (or) decrease in the number of the Russian population in Russia:
1898 - 55.667.469
1926 - 74.072.096
1939 - 90.306.276 +21,92%
1959 - 97.863.579 +8,37%
1970 - 107.747.630 +10,10%
1979 - 113.521.881 +5,36%
1989 - 119.865.946 +5,59%
2002 - 115.889.107 -3,32%
2010 - 111.016.896 -4,20%
This statistic speaks for itself. It is all the more sad because after 1991 the Russian population of the Russian Federation has been constantly increasing due to the resettlement of Russians from the breakaway territories of the former USSR to Russia. Despite this, total strength Russians in the last 25 years has been continuously falling.
Reader Comments (2)
Do you also have no data after 2010? one could also add that it is strange that the birth and death rates were classified after 2010.
These are the statistics of Russians in Russia
I will make a reservation again: RUSSIAN -
not Caucasians, not Turkmens, not never-existing “Russians”
(year - number - dynamics) :
1896 = 55.667469
1926 = 74.072096
1939 = 90.306276 +21,92%
1959 = 97.863579 +8,37%
1970 = 107.747630 +10,10%
1979 = 113.521881 +5,36%
1989 = 119.865946 +5,59%
2002 = 115.889107 -3,32%
2010 = 111.016896 -4,20%
With the "southern Muslims" - the Caucasus and Central Asians -
the dynamics are OPPOSITE!
the number of Chechens:
for 100 years - from 1889 to 1989 - increased FIVE times
from 186.618 to 958.309
over 20 years - from 1989 to 2010 - increased by 66 percent
from 958.309 to 1.431.360
the number of "VAINAKH" - Chechens and Ingush -
over 80 years - from 1897 to 1979 - increased by almost THREE AND A HALF times
from 272 thousand (226.500 + 45.500) – to 942.000 (756.000 + 186.000)
from 1979 to 2010 - about DOUBLE
from 942.000 (756.000 + 186.000) – to 1.876.200 (1.431.360 + 444.833)
(doubling in 30 years is EIGHT times in 100 years)
From 1861 to 1913, an increase of 105.5 thousand people, or 75.4 percent
(from 140 to 245.5)
from 1913 to 1926 an increase of 73 thousand people, or 29.9 percent
(from 245.5 to 318.5)
1861 - 140 thousand people.
1867 - 116 thousand
1875 - 139.2 thousand
1889 - 186,618 people
1897 - 226.5 thousand (and according to other reports - 187,635 people)
Chechens and Ingush - 272 thousand people.
1913 - 245.5 thousand people.
1926 - 318.5 thousand people.
Chechens and Ingush - 393 thousand people.
1939 - 408.5 thousand people.
On the eve of the war - approximately 433 thousand people
Chechens and Ingush - about 500 thousand people.
1959 - 418.8 thousand people.
from 1939 to 1959 an increase of 2.6 percent
Chechens and Ingush - 525 thousand people.
1970 - 612.7 thousand people
From 1959 to 1970, an increase of 46.3 percent
Chechens and Ingush - 770 thousand people.
1979 - 756 thousand people
an increase of 23.4 percent
Chechens and Ingush - 942 thousand people.
1989 - 958 309 people
increase 26.8 percent
Chechens and Ingush - 1114 thousand people.
the number of Chechens and Ingush for 1926-1959 increased by 33.6%
(for the Kazakhs over the same period, it fell by 9%, for the Kalmyks - by 20%,
Abkhazians, although it has grown, but only by 15%)
in Grozny
1970 - 59,279 Chechens - 17.4 percent
1989 - 121,350 people - almost a third
397 thousand people lived in Grozny before the war
Russians - 210 thousand people.
1989, 1,270,429 people lived on the territory of the Chechen-Ingush ASSR,
of these, Chechens - 734,501, Russians - 293,771, Ingush - 163,762, Armenians - 14,824, Tatars - 14,824, Nogais - 12,637, etc.
about 1,100 thousand people lived on the territory of Chechnya
Russian-speaking population
In 1989 - 326.5 thousand people
in the Chechen-Ingush ASSR
in 1989 - 269130 Russians (24.8% of the population)
in the Chechen Republic
in 2002 - 48 thousand - 278.5 thousand less.
(of which 24.6 thousand people are Russian soldiers)
in 2010 - 24382 Russians (1.9%)
Permanent population of the Chechen Republic
2013 - 1344.9 thousand people
2002 census - in the whole "Rossiania"
Chechens and Ingush
1773 thousand people,
expert review -
1232 thousand people,
in 2010 - in all "Rossiyania"
Chechens and Ingush
1.876.200
Ingush - 444.833
Chechens - 1.431.360
Since 1979 - approximately DOUBLE
(doubling in 30 years - in 100 years it will give EIGHT times -
over the previous 90 years - from 1889 to 1979 - FOUR times)
In the middle of the 19th century, the Chechen society consisted of 135 teips. Currently, they are divided into mountainous (about 100 teips) and plains (about 70 teips).
Teips within themselves are divided into "gars" (branches) and "nekyi" - surnames. Chechen teips are united in nine tukhums, a kind of territorial unions.
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