Davron Mukhamadiev red cross. Davron Mukhamadiev: Red Cross and Red Crescent in the North Caucasus are moving from post-conflict to more peaceful projects

At the Summer Campus Presidential Academy lectured by the head of the Moscow regional office of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies Davron Mukhamadiev.

Speaking to the participants of the Summer Campus, the expert spoke about the humanitarian consequences of crises and emergencies, as well as the possibilities of assistance in large-scale disasters. A crisis situation is a huge event that goes beyond the ordinary and is very dangerous for those involved in this situation, causing a feeling of defenselessness, fear and horror. The Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies protect people in these situations.

Davron Mukhamadiev gave classifications of emergency situations, highlighting natural and man-made among them. Social incidents include violence, conflict, terrorism, migration, border breaches, poverty, and drug addiction. For the victims the turn is broken ordinary life, one loses everything. A crisis situation is accompanied by disorder and stress. This leads to panic and complete confusion. “People don't know what to do. An emergency is a big sudden misfortune and terrible disaster, which brings great unrest,” the expert added.

Usually people are not ready for such situations either physically or mentally. The poor suffer the most because they are the most vulnerable. “Immediate action is needed here. But who should help people? the speaker addressed the students. For this, special international organizations have been created that have the appropriate resources and powers. NATO, military peacekeepers, non-governmental organizations, the UN and others deal with such issues. However, they all operate under different standards. Organizations must be impartial. For example, they may assess which side is complicating the situation, but do not accept either. The safety of staff and volunteers is important, helping, they also often become victims.

Among the challenges of the modern world are the increase in the number of natural disasters, the acceleration of urbanization, climate change, the growth of poverty, the movement of refugees, migration, violence and others. The behavior of countries during conflicts is regulated by the 4th Geneva Convention.

The organizers of the Summer Campus of the Presidential Academy are the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, the government of the Republic of Tatarstan with the support of ACIG Group of Companies.

Website of the Summer Campus of the Presidential Academy: www.campus4youth.ru

Media accreditation: Dmitry Sokolov, RANEPA Press Secretary (tel. +7 903 788-38-02).

General partner: Coca-Cola. Strategic partner: Johnson & Johnson. Partners: AIRR, Tatneft, AKIG Group.

Strategic media partner: TASS. Main media partner: Lenta.RU. Information Agency campus: Interfax. Campus Internet media: Gazeta.RU. Campus Magazine: Forbes. Campus Newspaper: "Parliamentary Gazette". Main regional information partner: « real time". Regional information partner: IA "Tatar-inform". Media partner for the Republic of Tatarstan: "Expert Tatarstan".

Campus partners: RBC Tatarstan, Russian News Service, Rossiyskaya Gazeta, Polit.ru, State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company Tatarstan, weekly TVNZ”, “Radio Liberty”, TRK “Kazan”, Tatcenter.ru, “Kazanskiye Vedomosti” and the magazine “Strategy”.

Work plans for the next year and coordination in emergency situations were discussed at the annual meeting of representatives of the regional branches of the Russian Red Cross (RKK) of Ingushetia, Dagestan, Chechnya, North Ossetia, Kabardino-Balkaria, representatives of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and the International Federation of Societies of the Red Cross and Red Crescent (IFRC and KP), held on December 11-12 in Nazran at the office of the Ingush branch of the RKK.

"Once a year, here in the North Caucasus, we hold joint meetings with the North Caucasian branches of the Russian Red Cross and the International branches of the Red Cross. At these meetings, we discuss issues of interaction, since we all make up one Red Cross and Red Crescent movement," he said. head of delegation International Federation Societies of the Red Cross and Red Crescent in Russia Davron Mukhamadiev.

He assessed the meeting as "very important." "On the territory of the South of Russia, North Caucasus there are many disasters, in particular, we discussed the flood in Chechnya, the recent flood in Derbent. The role of the Red Cross in helping the victims depends on how we interact with each other, with local authorities and emergency situations. It is very important for us that the branches of the Russian Red Cross are ready to respond quickly, so that at the first moment after the disaster, volunteers and employees are at the scene of the disaster, so that we can provide assistance when necessary," Mukhamadiev said.

As a rule, the government at the regional level provides assistance to the population directly, in some cases it does this through the Red Cross, he recalled.

"For example, if we take the last major flood in Krasnodar (the flood in Krymsk - note by the "Caucasian Knot"), then it was decided there that all charitable assistance, all funds would go through the settlement account of the Russian Red Cross. In Krasnodar, the Russian Red Cross collected more than 900 million rubles. When the state assigns a certain responsibility to the Red Cross, our task is to help them make sure that everything goes according to standards," Mukhamadiev said.

“We have planned for the next year a joint training of employees on how to properly draw up lists of recipients, what kind of assistance to provide, how to make sure that this assistance is timely and necessary, how to provide support to people so that they are ready to continue building their lives after a disaster. It is no secret that people affected by the disaster have a lot of physical problems - this is destroyed housing, and the lack of any material benefits, and what is very important - these are psychological issues.The branch of the Russian Red Cross in the North Caucasus has great experience in providing psychological assistance, I think we should also put this issue in the spotlight," the head of the delegation said.

In general, the Red Cross works throughout Russia, it implements projects in the field of healthcare, in the field of preventing the spread of tuberculosis and HIV infection, Mukhamadiev recalled.

"Here, in the South of Russia, we are moving from post-conflict projects to more peaceful ones, because the task of the Federation is to carry out development projects so that the Russian Red Cross finds new ways to raise funds ... A very important place is given to training the population in first aid, so that every volunteer can We are now discussing the issue of road safety, perhaps in the North Caucasus it will be of great importance. federal level if there is interest from the regional branches of the Red Cross, local bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, then we will be happy to support this project," Mukhamadiev said.

At the end of last year, the president of the International Committee of the Red Cross, Jakob Kellenberger, announced in Geneva a fundraiser to help victims of conflicts in the Caucasus.

The ICRC is also working to assist in the search for missing persons in the North Caucasus. It should be noted that in August 2011, the ICRC's North Caucasian office stated that the Committee had received 2,324 requests to search for persons considered missing in the North Caucasus. On the Red Cross lists Chechen Republic More than 2,000 people are listed as missing.

"In 2013 we will try to respond as effectively as possible to all those natural disasters, emergencies that arise in the regions, such as the flood in Derbent," said Baptiste Roll, Regional Delegate for Cooperation of the ICRC Delegation to the Russian Federation.

"We will work together to help people who are victims of the past conflict - these are people who suffered from mines in Chechnya, people who are members of the families of the 'missing' as a result of the conflict," he said.

Also, we will continue to help the Russian Red Cross in helping those people who are, as it were, the core of the Russian Red Cross' activities. In all the republics of the North Caucasus, we support the programs of the Russian Red Cross to help lonely elderly people and children," Roll said, citing as an example the assistance provided in equipping and equipping children's game rooms in Chechnya and Ingushetia, a center for psychosocial support for children in North Ossetia.

The "Caucasian Knot" reported on projects implemented in the North Caucasus with the support of the ICRC.

It should be reminded that in November in Chechnya, under the auspices of the International Committee of the Red Cross, a water pipeline was put into operation in the village of Dachu-Borzoi in the Grozny region.

The ICRC has provided assistance to two hospitals in Makhachkala that are treating the wounded following a twin terrorist attack on May 3 in the capital of Dagestan, in which more than 100 people were injured.

The problems of migrants and refugees have always been at the center of attention of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC). The availability of medical services is one of the main components of successful social adaptation of visitors, the head of the regional office of the IFRC in Russia believes Davron Mukhamadiev. Therefore, in Russia, an important area of ​​activity of this organization in recent years has become programs for migrants' access to medical care, the prevention of HIV and other infectious diseases, and the improvement of the migrants' health insurance system.

On September 1, Davron Mukhamadiev's mission in Russia came to an end. He handed over his powers to the new head of Kari Isomaa (Kari Isomaa), and he went to Budapest - to help migrants now in Europe. “A humanist by vocation”, “a person who has dedicated himself to alleviating the suffering of people”, “who comes to the rescue when others cannot help” - this is what his friends and colleagues say about Davron. This is how the ex-head of the IFRC office in Moscow was remembered by many migrants working in Russia, in solving whose problems he was directly involved.

In a conversation with Ferghana before leaving Moscow, Davron spoke about why in Russia foreign workers try not to go to medical facilities; citizens of which countries are tested for HIV and tuberculosis, and which are not; what should a labor migrant do if he is denied treatment, and much more:

Summing up the 8-year period of your stay in Russia, can you say what changes have taken place during this time in the field of medical care for migrants?

The issues of migrants' health and their access to official health services are of the utmost importance to us, the Red Cross. There are changes in these issues and, unfortunately, not only positive ones. Of the positive changes, first of all, this is that the literacy or awareness of migrants about their rights and obligations in the field of health protection has significantly increased. For example, based on the results of our research on the attitude of migrants to their health, we were pleasantly surprised that more than 80 percent of migrants know what tuberculosis and HIV are, they know the ways of transmission, the symptoms of tuberculosis, but the alertness about these diseases is still suffering. That is, the use of condoms, regular fluorographic examination is still present in a maximum of 45-50 percent of the answers, which means that a significant number of migrants are still at risk.

At the same time, the politicization of the interpretation of migrants' health issues in the press has increased, which of course does not serve positive changes in this area. After all, the more discriminatory controversy there is in society and the media, the more migrants will be wary of early examination, diagnosis and treatment.

In organizational terms, I would note with regret the decision to liquidate the FMS. Yes, at the beginning of this service there was a lot of criticism against it. However, before our eyes, the FMS gradually became a more open structure, actively building a dialogue with civil society and international organizations. The Department for Promoting Integration was created and actively functioned, with the leadership of which we have established close working, partnership and friendly contacts. A number of interesting innovative projects For example, Public Receptions of the Red Cross were established under the FMS departments in Moscow and St. Petersburg. Every year, more than 10,000 migrants had the opportunity to receive professional advice, primarily on health issues.

Was very interesting experience cooperation in Orenburg and Tambov, where, with our support, by the Russian Red Cross, sessions on the prevention of tuberculosis and HIV were held in the Migrant Adaptation Centers, which turned out to be in great demand. During one of my visits to this center, I discovered that the audience of our listeners has noticeably expanded, since the migrants of the center (mostly men) invited their acquaintances, women who worked in the city, to these sessions.

It was with the assistance of the FMS that we gained access to one of largest Centers temporary detention of foreign citizens in Sakharovo, with which we cooperate to this day. That is, in the activities of the FMS, a balance was achieved between their controlling and integrating functions. With the transfer of cases to the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the control functions have noticeably increased, but the integrating component has disappeared. Yes, an Agency for Ethnic Affairs has been created, which is entrusted with introducing issues of integration and adaptation, but they have no real mechanisms of influence. And the negative effect is immediately visible. There were more raids by the Ministry of Internal Affairs, raids, but the integration component did not appear.

In order to rectify the situation, we held several seminars and master classes for the media on the topic “How to talk about the health of migrants” in various regions of Russia, because it is the media that shape public opinion. After the seminar, journalists from even the most odious publications thanked us with the words: “We never thought before that these phrases and statements of ours had such a negative impact on the situation in society.”

New Head of the IFRC in Russia Kari Isomaa, Chairman of the Russian Red Cross Raisa Lukutsova and Davron Mukhamadiev

At one of the events on migrants' access to tuberculosis treatment, you said that Russia is the only country in the CIS that has a deportation mechanism on medical grounds that does not solve the problem of preventing the spread of HIV, tuberculosis and other infectious diseases. Is this the position of the Red Cross? Did you manage to convey your arguments to your colleagues in government decision-makers?

Yes, unfortunately, the rate of deportation due to HIV and tuberculosis has remained only in Russia, despite the fact that there are scientifically substantiated data that deportation does not affect the epidemiological situation. For example, they discover during medical examination HIV or tuberculosis in a foreign citizen. As soon as the diagnosis is confirmed, the medical institution is obliged to notify Rospotrebnadzor, which, in turn, makes a decision on the so-called "undesirable stay on the territory of Russia." The term for preparing such a decision is from 2 to 6 months, since it is prepared only in the central office of Rospotrebnadzor, regardless of where the disease is detected - in Sakhalin or in Kaliningrad. Then this decision is sent for execution to the Ministry of Internal Affairs (earlier to the FMS) at the place of registration of the migrant. During these six months, a migrant can generally leave for another region - where he can find work.

When asked what the police officers are doing with the decision of Rospotrebnadzor, how they are looking for this migrant, they answer that they do not have such an army of inspectors, and they simply block the entry into Russia for the specified person in the database. It turns out that a migrant is denied entry only after he leaves, and all this time, due to the fear of deportation, he does not receive proper treatment, continues to pose a threat, first of all, to his own health and the health of your loved ones.

According to the Moscow migration center, in 2016 more than 420,000 people applied for a patent, almost 4,000 of them were suspected of having tuberculosis. All of them were sent for a more in-depth examination, but at this stage about 3 thousand people “disappeared”, and only about 1 thousand reached tuberculosis dispensaries. In 100 of them, tuberculosis was confirmed, and only 20 came for treatment. Here is a consequence of deportation - when migrants, in order to avoid deportation from the country, go into the shadow of official healthcare.

Therefore, the position of the Red Cross is to proceed from medical, epidemiological, and not political criteria. This is how we argue our position in the health authorities, and over the past few years it has often met with understanding in official bodies, although, of course, not all officials share it. Recently, another argument has emerged in support of our position.

As you know, for citizens of the EAEU countries, including Belarus, Armenia and Kyrgyzstan, the requirement to undergo a full medical examination has been removed, since they do not need to obtain a patent. We immediately asked the question: “What about tuberculosis and HIV from these countries? Than a tuberculosis patient from Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Moldova is different from the Kyrgyz or Armenian patient? Officials do not answer this question. It turns out that expulsion due to illness threatens only migrants from countries outside the EAEU. Where is the logic?

- That is, it is necessary not to be deported, but to be forced to undergo treatment?

Rather motivate rather than force. We believe that it is more profitable to treat a patient, regardless of his nationality and citizenship, where tuberculosis was detected, than to lose him and complicate the already difficult epidemiological situation.

But from representatives of state bodies in Russia one can sometimes hear that the treatment of migrants is a burden on the federal and local budgets.

On the surface, this is exactly what it looks like. But with a deeper study of the issue, it is obvious that the economic effect from the timely treatment of patients will be much higher than from the deportation of migrants after the fact. The treatment of one patient with an uncomplicated form of tuberculosis costs up to 100 thousand rubles, and with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis - up to 2 million. One patient can infect up to 20 people a year. Our studies have shown that every 100 rubles invested in the treatment of a patient with tuberculosis in current year, save 700 rubles for the next budget - that's the economic alignment for you.

I remember how former head The Federal Migration Service Konstantin Romodanovsky at a session of the CIS Interparliamentary Assembly said that patents from migrants replenished the country's budget by 70 billion rubles or 1 billion euros over the year, and Moscow Mayor Sergei Sobyanin proudly noted that patent revenues exceeded revenues from oil companies to the Moscow budget. And if migrants bring such income Russian economy Why can't they be entitled to their own health care?

- Some officials suggest deporting migrants as soon as they are diagnosed with tuberculosis or HIV.

If a migrant knows that if tuberculosis is detected, he will be immediately deported, then he will not go to get a patent at all, but will immediately go into the shadows. Who will benefit from this - the economy, health care?

With HIV, the situation is even more complicated. By total number number of people with HIV, the number of new cases and the rate of growth of infection Russia ranks first in the CIS and Europe. In Russia, almost 1 million people are living with HIV, which is 50 percent of all HIV-infected people in all European countries. At the same time, according to official data, from 1985 to 2015, that is, for 30 years, in Russian Federation a total of about 24,000 HIV-infected foreign citizens were identified. In other CIS countries, except for Ukraine, the situation with HIV is more favorable, that is, migrants, for example, from Central Asia , arrive in Russia healthy, then pick up the infection and take it home. And they are still being deported.

There is a good precedent that gives hope that deportation for people with HIV will be lifted, and proves once again that deportation is not based on medical, but rather political aspects. Two years ago, the Russian Constitutional Court ruled not to apply the deportation (expulsion) procedure to people living with HIV and having close relatives in Russia. Accordingly, a certain proportion of HIV-infected people is already under the protection of this legal norm.

I note that for several years now we have been proposing to the CIS states to introduce a single medical document for a migrant - something like a medical passport, which would contain all the information about his examinations and diagnoses. At the meetings of the CIS health ministers, the Russian delegation brings up a lot of arguments against, as it understands that migrants for the most part come healthy and get sick more often here in Russia due to stress, difficult living and material conditions, and the absence of a permanent sexual partner. Apparently, someone is interested in the Russians thinking differently - that all dangerous diseases come from migrants.

Migrants often complain about the refusal to provide emergency medical care by individual doctors or medical institutions in Russia. What would you advise the patient or his relatives to do in this case?

Unfortunately, violations by medical institutions in terms of providing medical care foreign citizens becomes not less, but even more. Heads of hospitals, under any pretext, refuse to provide migrants with medical services, including emergency ambulance, grossly violating the laws of the country. Recently, we received information that a patient with a severe form of renal failure was denied emergency care: an ambulance came three times and refused to pick up the patient, referring to the fact that he did not have a migration card. Is it the function of doctors to check the presence of a migratory woman? In another case, a patient who was on a ventilator was billed for a million rubles.

When we receive such appeals, we have to intervene, and in a rather persistent form explain the norms of the law to the chief doctors, and often enough reputable medical institutions (I will not detail, based on the principles of medical ethics). And after our interventions, as a rule, they begin to provide assistance in full.

I recommend that all visitors have at hand the "Rules for the provision of medical care to foreign citizens on the territory of the Russian Federation", approved by the Decree of the Government of Russia dated March 6, 2013 No. 186, where paragraph 3 clearly states: "Emergency medical assistance in case of sudden acute diseases, conditions, exacerbation of chronic diseases that pose a threat to the patient's life is provided to foreign citizens by medical organizations free of charge".

At the same time, in paragraph 5 of these "Rules", it is emphasized that “Ambulance, including emergency specialized medical care, is provided to foreign citizens in case of diseases, accidents, injuries, poisoning and other conditions requiring urgent medical intervention. Medical organizations state and municipal systems health care, this medical assistance is provided to foreign citizens free of charge”.

And if they still refuse to help, you need to immediately make public every such case.

I witnessed how you gave your number mobile phone migrants and asked them to call if there were any problems. How did you, the regional head of such a large international organization, have enough time to participate in the fate of individuals?

For me, it is not something unusual and supernatural when I personally, and the whole organization, take part in the fate of every needy. After all, this is the essence of the Red Cross. We try to help not some abstract masses of people, but a specific person who finds himself in a difficult, sometimes hopeless, situation. This is our duty, our responsibility, and I never thought about whether to help this or that person, whether to leave my phone number.

- Tell us the most poignant incident related to migrants that you remember.

There are many cases, but I remember one dramatic situation in particular. Colleagues from the Uzbek diaspora called and said that a citizen of Uzbekistan, aged 19-20, gave birth in the maternity hospital of the city of Lyubertsy. The child was born heavy, was in an incubator on an artificial respiration apparatus. And the doctors told the woman that until you pay, we will not give up the child and we will not issue a birth certificate. The young mother sobbed into the phone, she was very worried about the baby - that without money they would not take care of him, sent us a photo - the baby is pale, with a breathing tube in her nose.

We requested a detailed statement and an invoice for 30,000 rubles issued by the maternity hospital. They sent a request there, I personally called the head physician - she tried to explain something, and after our arguments she said that they did not demand any money from the woman in labor, they say, the mother herself wanted to be treated for a fee. We were assured that all measures for nursing the baby will be carried out in full. What was my surprise when, literally a week later, a joyful mother called and sent a photo of the child in her arms at discharge - with rosy cheeks, strong. When you see the results of your work and the happy faces of your relatives, this is the highest award for me as a doctor and an employee of the Red Cross.

Davron Mukhamadiev has been working for the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement for 25 years. Graduate of the Tajik State Medical Institute named after Abuali ibn Sino. From 1992 to 2005 he worked in the Red Crescent Society of Tajikistan, where he coordinated large-scale operations to provide humanitarian aid internally displaced persons and refugees as a result of the civil war in Tajikistan and the armed conflict in Afghanistan. Then he led CC programs in Sudan, Central Asian countries, and Hungary. In September 2009, he was appointed Program Manager and then Head of the IFRC Regional Office in Moscow. Doctor medical sciences, member of the New York Academy of Sciences, laureate of the State Prize of Tajikistan in the field of science named after Ismoili Somoni

A couple of years ago, you spoke about plans to open a clinic in the Moscow Region, where migrants would be treated. Did these plans remain unfulfilled? In general, do you think it is necessary to create some kind of specialized medical facilities for migrants - would such an approach contribute to the segregation of society into friends and foes?

Of course, under no circumstances should schools, hospitals and other institutions be allowed to be separate for migrants. The idea of ​​the medical institution that was discussed was different: to create a clinic that would serve everyone, regardless of skin color, status and passport. The Iranian Red Crescent Society, for example, has 22 such clinics around the world, and we hope that the negotiations of the Russian Red Cross with the authorities on this issue will be successful.

Based on your experience of dealing with migrants, how would you rank the countries of Central Asia - Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan - in terms of the level of pre-migration preparation of citizens? From which countries do people come more savvy, particularly in medical matters?

As for the level of pre-migration training of migrants, I think that, taking into account the knowledge of the Russian language and other preferences, Kyrgyz migrants are more adapted. Then come Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. Health awareness, as I have already noted, has increased somewhat, although it still leaves room for improvement. But there are not enough migrant training centers in donor countries.

The Red Cross is always actively involved in informing migrants. I would like to cite as an example our joint initiative with the Russian AIDS Infosvyaz Foundation. Within the framework of the project of assistance to the countries of Central Asia and the Caucasus in Tajikistan with the participation of Russian funding, 2 pre-migration training centers have been created and are functioning on the basis of the branches of the Red Crescent Society of Tajikistan - in the city of Dushanbe and Kurgan-Tube. There should be at least 20 or 30 such centers in each country of origin of migrants.

Today, migrants in Russia are more often spoken of as a source of problems, a threat to security, and so on. It is less common to hear about migration as a positive phenomenon. To what extent is this approach true?

As I have already noted, even officials do not hide the economic benefits of migration. Another issue is that the topic of migration is too politicized: for the sake of the political situation, it is either overdramatized or, on the contrary, hushed up. If we remove this politicization, then the best ways to solve migration problems will be found very quickly. We call it political will - nothing else is needed.

- With what feelings do you leave Russia? What did your experience in this country give you?

Concluding my mission in Russia, I would like to express my gratitude to all colleagues, employees and volunteers of the Russian Red Cross, partners in state and public organizations. I leave Russia with a sense of satisfaction that my work was in demand, necessary for specific people. Unfortunately, over the 8 years of my work, there have been many emergencies that required from me, from our entire team, a huge mobilization of efforts to provide assistance to the victims, in particular, during an accident on Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP, large-scale floods in the Far East, Siberia, southern Russia and the North Caucasus. The long-term crisis in Syria and neighboring Ukraine and the associated mass flows of internally displaced persons became a big test of the Red Cross's strength.

Over the years, our dialogue with the Russian government has risen to a qualitatively new level, which has made it possible to develop our cooperation in various areas - not only on Russian issues, but also on the global humanitarian agenda, in which Russia is an important player. During the period of my work, we organized 5 visits of our leadership: the visit of the President of the Federation, 4 visits of our general secretaries- current and previous, during which a number of high-level meetings were held.

- What was the biggest difficulty for you in working here, and what helped you overcome difficulties?

In geographical terms, at the very beginning of the mission, it was not easy for me to perceive the scale of Russia and its administrative structure. For me - a native of Tajikistan, a small country compared to Russia, whose population is less than the population of Moscow, and the entire territory can be crossed by car in a day - the decision-making mechanism and the peculiarities of the social situation in each region were difficult.

During my work, I visited 51 regions of Russia, in some of them I was several times, which gave me a unique opportunity to get acquainted with the nature, culture and characteristics of each region. Russia is a unique country in all respects, and its main asset - its multinational composition, abundance of cultures, traditions and customs - is important and must be preserved and strengthened. Probably, this interest in knowing this vast country helped me overcome objective difficulties.

Ever since my school days, I really liked Tyutchev's poem:

Russia cannot be understood with the mind,

Do not measure with a common yardstick:

She has a special become -

One can only believe in Russia.

But only when you get to Russia, live in this country, you begin to understand the meaning of these lines. I have many friends and colleagues here, so in my mind I do not leave Russia and I am sure that we will continue our work for the benefit of those who need our help.

- Thanks for the conversation. Good luck in your new place.

Interviewed by Nigora Bukharizade

Member of the encyclopedia "Famous Scientists"

Mukhamadiev Davron Mansurovich was born on December 23, 1970 in Dushanbe, Tajik SSR. After graduating from high school, he entered the pediatric faculty of the Tajik State Medical Institute. Abuali ibn Sino.

He is the founder and the first President of the Association of Students and Young Professionals of Physicians of Tajikistan (1991-1996).

In 1992, after graduating from TSMI, he was hired as an assistant to the department of forensic medicine. In 1993, he entered graduate school at the Department of Psychiatry at the Medical University, from which he graduated in 1997 with a successful defense PhD thesis on the topic: "Socio-demographic, ethnic and clinical characteristics of Tajik women who committed auto-aggressive actions by self-immolation" at the State Scientific Center for Social and Forensic Psychiatry named after V.P. Serbsky (Moscow) in 1998. Pupil of the well-known psychiatric school in the USSR, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Professor Minkhozh Gulyamovich Gulyamov. According to the results scientific research was awarded the title of Laureate of the Prize of the Union of Youth of Tajikistan in the field of science and technology. In 1994-1996, he was a forensic medical expert, and later deputy head of the forensic medical examination center of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Tajikistan. He took an active part in the organization of the military forensic service of the armed forces: he participated in the formation of forensic medical examination structures in all regions of Tajikistan, for which he was awarded the Honorary Diploma of the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Tajikistan. In the period 1992-2005 he was an assistant and later an associate professor at the Department of Forensic Medicine of the Tajik State Medical University.

Close cooperation with Russian and European scientists occupies an important place in the activities of D.M. Mukhamadiev. Having started during the postgraduate studies of D.M. Mukhamadiev, it later developed into serious joint scientific research. In 2003, at a meeting of the dissertation council of the State Scientific Center for Social and Forensic Psychiatry. V.P.Serbsky (Moscow), under the guidance of Academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Professor T.B.Dmitrieva, he successfully defended his doctoral dissertation on the topic: “Sociocultural characteristics, clinical and psychopathological characteristics and medical and social rehabilitation of repatriated Tajik refugee women.” Academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Professor T.B. Dmitrieva highly appreciated the level of scientific research by D.M. Mukhamadiev, noted that the studies carried out are of great importance not only for Tajik psychiatry, but also for Russian science and practical psychiatry in connection with the high urgency of the problem of providing psychiatric care to the population in emergency situations.

In 2005, according to the results of scientific research, D.M. Mukhamadiev was awarded the State Prize in the field of science and technology named after. Ismoili Somoni. Author of over 120 scientific works published in international, Russian and Tajik scientific publications, including 3 monographs, 4 teaching aids and guidelines for psychiatrists and forensic experts. During the period 2006-2008, under his scientific supervision at the universities of Sweden, Russia and Uzbekistan, three dissertations were prepared and defended for the degree of candidate of medical sciences. D. M. Mukhamadiev is a member of the editorial board of the International Scientific Journal "Bulletin of Psychiatry and Psychology" (Russia).

At the invitation of various learned societies, D. M. Mukhamadiev makes presentations at international scientific conferences in many countries of the world. The Letter of Appreciation from the Leadership of the Swedish National Institute of Psychosocial Medicine noted: "Rich experience and high professionalism allowed us to obtain unique and interesting data on the prevalence of long-term clinical outcomes of post-traumatic stress disorders in the population affected by armed conflict."

In 2002, he successfully completed an internship in psychiatry organized by the American-Austrian Foundation (AAF) and the Welsh medical college Cornell University (USA). In 2010, he was accepted as a foreign member of the New York Academy of Sciences within the framework of the program: "Scientists Without Borders" in the section "Neuropsychiatry and behavioral sciences". In the letter of welcome from the President of the Academy, John Saxton, to D.M. Mukhamadiev, it was noted that: “....membership in the Academy provides a unique opportunity for active scientific cooperation with scientists from around the world, allowing you to generalize the experience of science and culture in various countries of the world.”

Davron Mukhamadiev is a recognized specialist in the field of studying the features of the formation of mental disorders caused by stress. His research interests include the problem of human response to emergencies, disasters, armed conflicts and mass population movements. Gender issues related to the socio-cultural characteristics of microsocial stress in Tajik women occupies a special place in the scientific research of D. M. Mukhamadiev.

Since 1996, D.M. Mukhamadiev has been combining scientific research with humanitarian activities as an employee of the Red Cross. From 1996 to 2005, he was Vice President of the Red Crescent Society of Tajikistan and coordinated assistance to the most vulnerable categories of the population. As a specialist in social and psychological assistance in emergencies, he actively participated in the program for the return of Tajik refugees from Afghanistan, and later in 2005-2006, as a health delegate of the Netherlands Red Cross, led programs for medical assistance to internally displaced persons as a result of the armed conflict in Sudan . For active participation in disaster preparedness and response programs, he was awarded the honorary badge of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Tajikistan.

Since 2009, D.M. Mukhamadiev has been the Head of Health Programs of the Representative Office of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies in Russia, Belarus, Moldova and Ukraine

Scientific publications:

Monographs

1. Tajik women: psychology and rehabilitation of stress. / Monograph. For psychiatrists, psychologists and specialists in the field of gender relations. Dushanbe, 2006. 160 p.

2. Suicides in Tajikistan: international methods of accounting, evaluation

and research criteria./

Practical guide for forensic experts, psychiatrists, sociologists and demographers. UN Women's Fund, Dushanbe, 2008. 36 p.

3. Borderline mental disorders and quality of life

victims of mine-explosive trauma./ Monograph. For psychiatrists, psychologists and social rehabilitation specialists. 167 p. (.R.Kh.Muminova).

4. Forensic and medical and social issues of suicidology. / for forensic experts, psychiatrists, sociologists and demographers. Dushanbe, 2009.121 p. (F.I. Ganiev).

5.Domestic violence as an obstacle to equality and

development./ Gender equality: Tajikistan. Guide for specialists in the field of gender studies. Series of publications. 2007 UNIFEM/SIDA.

1. Preliminary data on the formation of psychogenic depression in internally displaced persons // Ross. psychiatrist. magazine –2000.- No. 5.- P.15-17 (co-author Dmitrieva T.B., Immerman K.L.)

2. On the factors of socio-psychological maladaptation of refugees in places of their temporary stay // Ross. psychiatrist. Journal.-2000.- No. 6.-53-56. (co-authored by Dmitrieva T.B., Immerman K.L.).

3. Socio-psychological problems of persons in forced migration // Health and Population, UNFPA, 2000.-№1.- P.20-22

4. Some clinical features of protracted depressive states in the female contingent of repatriated refugees // Ross. psychiatrist. journal-2003.- No. 3.-C 23-25.

5. Features of depression in repatriated refugee women // J. Nevrol. and a psychiatrist. them. S.S.Korsakov. 2003.- Vol. 103.- No. 1.-S.21-23.

6. Pathocharacterological development of personality in the picture of mental disorders of repatriated female refugees.// J. Proceedings of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan.-2003 P.

7. Features of the formation of neurotic disorders associated with stress in repatriated refugee women / / J. Payomi Sino (Avicenna Bulletin). - 2003. - No. 1-2. - P.

8. Some aspects of the socio-psychological assessment of the quality of life among various groups of the population of Tajikistan / / Journal of Medical and Social Expertise and Rehabilitation / Moscow. 2005, No. 4, pp. 53-55. (R.Kh. Muminova).

9. The validity of Sscreening instruments for posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and other anxiety symptoms in Tajikistan// American Journal of nervous and mental disease. Nov 2007; 195(11): 955-958. (Anna Clara Hollander).

10. Socio-psychiatric assessment of the quality of life civilians, victims of mine-explosive trauma// Ross.psikhiatr. magazine - 2010.-№1 - С 63-67 (R.Kh. Muminova)

Materials of scientific and practical conferences

1 TO current state the issue of psychogenic disorders in persons who have undergone extreme psychotraumatic

situation //Materials scientific conference dedicated to the 70th anniversary of the birth of Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Professor M.G. Gulyamov, Dushanbe.- 1999.- P.42-45

2. On the issue of organizing socio-psychological psychiatric care for refugees // Proceedings of the 1st scientific conference of young medical scientists in Tajikistan, "New in the diagnosis and prevention of human diseases." Dushanbe. - 2000. - P.36-38.

3. Influence of social and environmental factors on the formation of psychogenic depression in women. // Collection of scientific works of the Taj. Research Institute of Prof. Medicine Dushanbe. - 2000. - P. 173-177 (Co-author N.M. Sharopova, K.L. Immerman).

4. Some aspects of family diagnostics of reactive states in refugees // Sat. articles YI scientific and practical conference» Modern methods diagnostics and treatment of diseases” TIPPMK, Dushanbe.- 2000.- P.349-353

5. On the issue of clinical varieties of post-traumatic stress disorders in refugees // Sat. scientific articles of the 49th scientific-practical conference of the Tajik State Medical University named after Abuali ibn Sino "Adaptation, stress, health", Dushanbe.- 2001.- P.110-114

6. Influence of premorbid personality traits on the outcomes of socio-psychological maladaptation of repatriated female refugees. // Sat. scientific articles of the 49th scientific-practical conference of the Tajik State Medical University named after Abuali ibn Sino "Adaptation, stress, health". - Dushanbe. - 2001. - P. 686-690

7. Problems of socio-psychological maladaptation of refugees in their places of temporary residence.// Proceedings of the scientific-practical conference, dedicated to the day memory corresponding member. RAMS, prof. M.G. Gulyamova, and the 60th anniversary of the RCPB No. 1, pos. Leninsky.- 2001.- S.25-28.

8. On the question of the influence of certain socio-cultural factors on the duration of the socio-psychological maladaptation of repatriated refugees. // Proceedings of the scientific-practical conference dedicated to the day of memory of Corresponding Member. RAMS, prof. M.G. Gulyamova, and the 60th anniversary of the RCPB No. 1 pos. Leninsky, 2001.- S.28-32.

9. The effectiveness of the method of individual interviews in the study of sociocultural factors of maladaptation in repatriated refugees / / Proceedings of the scientific-practical conference dedicated to the day of memory corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, prof. M.G. Gulyamov, and the 60th anniversary of the RCPB No. 1 settlement. Leninsky, 2001.- S.32-35.

10. Issues of medical and social rehabilitation of repatriated refugees // Proceedings of the scientific-practical conference dedicated to the day of memory corresponding member. RAMS, prof. M.G. Gulyamova, and the 60th anniversary of the RCPB No. 1 pos. Leninsky, 2001.- P.32-40 (Co-author N.M. Sharopova).

11. On the issue of social and psychological maladaptation of repatriated refugee children of Tajikistan // Materials of the republican conference with international participation, dedicated to the 15th anniversary of the Republican Psychoneurological Dispensary, Cheboksary, Russia.- 2002.- P.70-73

12. Some data on the clinical course and outcomes of socio-psychological maladjustment of refugee children // Materials of the republican conference with international participation dedicated to the 15th anniversary of the Republican Psychoneurological Dispensary, Cheboksary, Russia, 2002 .- P. 163-165

13. The concept of psychosocial assistance of the Red Cross as a model of public support in emergency situations / / Proceedings of the scientific-practical conference "Legal and ethical problems of psychiatric care", Moscow 2009, pp. 127-128.

14. Analysis of the socio-psychological problems of the population affected by the accident at the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP.// Materials of the IV Congress of psychiatrists, narcologists, psychotherapists, medical psychologists of Chuvashia. Cheboksary, 2010. P 138-140 (L.V.Chibisenkova).

15. Some features of the formation of chronic personality changes in people who have experienced an extreme psychotraumatic situation in childhood and adolescence.// Materials of the IV Congress of psychiatrists, narcologists, psychotherapists, medical psychologists of Chuvashia. Cheboksary, 2010. P. 82-84.

1. Socio-clinical aspects of diagnosing mental disorders in refugees. //Methodological recommendations for psychiatrists. Dushanbe. - 2002. - 29 p.

2.Organization of socio-psychological assistance to refugees in their places of temporary residence.// Methodological recommendations for doctors. - Dushanbe. - 2003. - 21 p.

3. Organization of social and psychological assistance to repatriated refugees in places of their compact residence.// Methodological recommendations for doctors. - Dushanbe. - 2003. - 11p.

4.Features of forensic diagnosis of suicide by hanging.// Methodological developments for forensic experts. Methodological Council of the Center for Forensic Medical Examination of the Republic of Tajikistan. - Dushanbe. - 2007. - 24 p.

5.Some aspects of medical and social prevention of suicide.// Methodological developments for forensic experts. Methodological Council of the Center for Forensic Medical Examination of the Republic of Tajikistan. - Dushanbe. - 2007.-18 p.

Rationalization proposals

1. A method for assessing the quality of life of patients and disabled people in

Republic of Tajikistan on the basis of ethno-cultural adaptation of the international questionnaire SF-36. // TSMU im. Abuali ibn Sino. (R.Kh. Muminova)

2. A method of clinical and psychopathological assessment of the quality of life based on ethno-cultural adaptation of the express method. // TSMU im. Abuali ibn Sino. (R.Kh. Muminova)

The program is designed to support government initiatives in the field of tuberculosis treatment and improve a comprehensive approach to the prevention and detection of cases among labor migrants.

The Lilly Partnership to Combat Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) was formed in 2003 with the goal of effectively combating this dangerous infectious disease. Today it is active in many regions of the world, including Russia, which is one of the states with the largest number cases of MDR-TB. Various Russian and international organizations, including the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies and the Russian Red Cross, take part in the implementation of the Partnership programs. With the support of the Partnership, they organized one of the largest social campaigns aimed at raising the level of awareness of tuberculosis among the general population - the photo project "Your health is in your hands."

Mikhail Volik, Project Manager, Lilly MDR-TB Partnership in Russia: « The key objectives of our activities are not only to increase public access to high-quality, safe and effective drugs for the treatment of MDR-TB and transfer professional knowledge in the field of their use and production, but also to attract public attention to the problem of the spread of tuberculosis and the importance of its prevention. Our alliance with our Red Cross colleagues clearly demonstrates that joining forces and being creative can really work. The photo exhibition “Your health is in your hands” is a large-scale project that speaks in the language of art about the need to be responsible for one’s own health and the health of others, and which turned out to be very popular in a society that has made prevention and a healthy lifestyle its priorities».

The successful experience of cooperation, which began in 2009, allowed both parties to continue working on new initiatives and address the next spectrum of medical and social problems associated with the spread of tuberculosis. In cooperation with the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC and RC), the Russian Red Cross and the Center for Migration Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, with the active participation of the Red Crescent Societies of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, a new joint project is being launched aimed at strengthening measures to prevent the spread of tuberculosis and ensuring access to TB care among labor migrants arriving in Russia from neighboring countries.

Davron Mukhamadiev, Head of the Regional Representation of the IFRC and the KP in Russia: « Our collaboration with the Lilly MDR-TB Partnership aims to ensure timely detection, diagnosis and follow-up treatment of the various categories of migrants most vulnerable to TB. As part of this joint project, we, together with the Russian Red Cross, specialists from the Center for Migration Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, with the active participation of the Red Crescent Societies of the Central Asian countries, have planned a number of activities to increase the effectiveness of informing migrants about their health and significantly improve their access to early detection of tuberculosis».

The first phase of the project, which will last until February 2015, involves, first of all, a special study aimed at understanding the existing barriers to providing migrants with anti-tuberculosis care. The study will be carried out simultaneously in four Russian regions and three Central Asian countries. In addition, it is planned to develop special information and educational materials in national languages, as well as holding cycle meetings with the participation of representatives of national diasporas, the Federal Migration Service and the TB Service. These meetings will make it possible to develop mechanisms that encourage labor migrants to undergo appropriate examinations and thereby contribute to improving the indicators of diagnosis and prevention of the disease in society as a whole.

The first workshop under the new joint project was held in Moscow on June 17-18 and was dedicated to the training of consultants who are supposed to be involved in the sociological survey among migrants.

For reference:

The Lilly Partnership to Fight Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) works in the following areas: development educational programs both for medical workers (doctors, nurses), and for people who do not have a medical education; expanding access to high-quality, safe and effective drugs for the treatment of MDR-TB, including the transfer of technology for the production of two antibiotics for the treatment of MDR-TB; raising public awareness about tuberculosis; promotion of scientific research; social support, advocacy for patients and combating the stigma associated with this disease. Since 2003, Lilly has donated US$170 million to expand access to treatment and focus the international community's efforts on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of patients with MDR-TB.

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies founded in 1919 and is an integral part of the International Red Cross Movement. The Federation provides all kinds of support 189 National Societies which are its members, and contributes to the implementation of all types of their activities aimed at improving the situation of the most socially vulnerable groups of the population. The Federation coordinates the work of the International Relief Movement for Refugees and Victims natural Disasters and man-made disasters, and also manages the activities of the Movement in emergency situations caused by the aggravation of the sanitary and epidemiological situation. As part of this strategy, the Regional Office of the IFRC in Russia is implementing a number of initiatives to develop cooperation with Russian and interstate structures in the CIS in the field of tuberculosis prevention and HIV infection, information-legal and medical-social support of migrant workers.

Russian Red Cross founded in 1867 and is the oldest charitable organization in Russia and a member of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. Currently, the Russian Red Cross has an extensive network of regional branches in more than 87 regions of the Russian Federation. The primary task of the organization was and remains to alleviate human suffering and take measures to prevent it. In addition to the Russian state TB service, the Russian Red Cross provides psycho-social support to TB patients from socially disadvantaged groups. The long-term activity of the RRC is aimed at improving the early detection of tuberculosis, its correct diagnosis, patient compliance with doctor's prescriptions and public participation in decision-making. The Russian Red Cross, with the support of the IFRC, carries out TB and HIV prevention activities in the penitentiary system: providing psychological assistance to prisoners with TB and HIV, as well as stimulating effective interaction between the penitentiary system and civil society.