The most interesting physical experiments. Physical experiments for children at home

Where do real scientists come from? After all, someone makes extraordinary discoveries, invents ingenious devices that we use. Some even receive worldwide recognition in the form of prestigious awards. According to teachers, childhood is the beginning of the path to future discoveries and achievements.

Do younger students need physics

Majority school programs involves the study of physics from the fifth grade. However, parents are well aware of the many questions raised by inquisitive young children. school age and even preschoolers. Experiments in physics will help open the way to the wonderful world of knowledge. For schoolchildren 7-10 years old, they, of course, will be simple. Despite the simplicity of the experiments, but understanding the basic physical principles and laws, children feel like omnipotent wizards. This is wonderful, because a keen interest in science is the key to successful study.

Children's abilities are not always revealed on their own. Often it is required to offer the children a certain scientific activity, only then tendencies to this or that knowledge are shown. Home experiments are an easy way to find out if a child is interested in natural sciences. Little discoverers of the world rarely remain indifferent to "wonderful" actions. Even if the desire to study physics does not manifest itself clearly, lay the foundations physical knowledge still worth it.

The simplest experiments carried out at home are good because even shy, self-doubting children are happy to do home experiments. Achieving the expected result gives rise to confidence in own forces. Peers enthusiastically accept the demonstration of such "tricks", which improves relations between the guys.

Requirements for setting up experiments at home

In order for the study of the laws of physics at home to be safe, precautions must be taken:

Absolutely all experiments are carried out with the participation of adults. Of course, many studies are safe. The trouble is that guys do not always draw a clear line between harmless and dangerous manipulations.
It is necessary to be especially careful if sharp, piercing-cutting objects, open fire are used. Here the presence of elders is mandatory.
The use of poisonous substances is prohibited.
The child needs to describe in detail the procedure to be performed. The purpose of the work must be clearly stated.
Adults must explain the essence of the experiments, the principles of the laws of physics.

The simplest studies

You can start your acquaintance with physics by demonstrating the properties of substances. These should be the simplest experiences for children.

Important! It is advisable to provide possible children's questions in order to answer them in as much detail as possible. It is unpleasant when mom or dad offers to conduct an experiment, vaguely understanding what he confirms. Therefore, it is better to prepare by studying the necessary literature.

different density

Every substance has a density that affects its weight. Different indicators of this parameter have interesting manifestations in the form of a multilayer liquid.

Even preschoolers can perform such simple experiments with liquids and observe their properties.
For the experiment you will need:

sugar syrup;
vegetable oil;
water;
glass jar;
several small items(for example, a coin, a plastic bead, a piece of Styrofoam, a safety pin).

The jar needs to be filled about 1/3 with syrup, add the same amount of water and oil. Liquids will not mix, but form layers. The reason is density, a substance with a lower density is lighter. Then, one by one, you need to lower the objects into the jar. They "hang" at different levels. It all depends on how the densities of liquids and objects correlate with each other. If the density of the material is less than the liquid, the thing will not sink.

floating egg

You will need:

2 glasses;
tablespoon;
salt;
water;
2 eggs.

Both glasses must be filled with water. In one of them, dissolve 2 full tablespoons of salt. Then the eggs should be lowered into the glasses. In ordinary water, it will sink, in salt water it will float on the surface. Salt increases the density of water. This explains the fact that in sea water swimming is easier than in fresh water.

Surface tension of water

Children should be explained that the molecules on the surface of the liquid are attracted, forming the thinnest elastic film. This property of water is called surface tension. This explains, for example, the ability of a water strider to glide across the water surface of a pond.

Non spilling water

Necessary:

glass cup;
water;
paper clips.

The glass is filled to the brim with water. One paperclip seems to be enough for the liquid to spill. It is necessary to carefully immerse the paper clips in the glass one by one. Dropping about a dozen paper clips, you can see that the water does not pour out, but forms a small dome on the surface.

floating matches

Necessary:

Bowl;
water;
4 matches;
liquid soap.

Pour water into the bowl, lower the matches. They will be practically motionless on the surface. If you drop detergent into the center, the matches will instantly spread to the edges of the bowl. Soap reduces the surface tension of water.

Entertaining experiences

It is very spectacular for children to work with light and sound. Teachers say that entertaining experiments are interesting for children different ages. For example, the physical experiments proposed here are suitable for preschoolers.

Glowing "lava"

This experience does not create a real lamp, but beautifully simulates the operation of a lamp with moving particles.
Necessary:

glass jar;
water;
vegetable oil;
salt or any effervescent tablet;
food coloring;
torch.

The jar needs to be about 2/3 filled with colored water, then add oil almost to the brim. Sprinkle some salt on top. Then go to a darkened room, illuminate the bottom of the jar with a flashlight. Grains of salt will sink to the bottom, dragging droplets of fat with them. Later, when the salt dissolves, the oil will rise to the surface again.

home rainbow

Sunlight can be decomposed into a spectrum of multi-colored rays.

Necessary:

bright natural light;
cup;
water;
tall box or chair;
large sheet of white paper.

On a sunny day, put paper on the floor in front of a window that lets in bright light. Place a box (chair) next to it, put a glass filled with water on top. A rainbow will appear on the floor. To see the colors in full, just move the paper and catch it. A transparent container with water is a prism that decomposes the beam into parts of the spectrum.

Doctor's stethoscope

Sound travels in waves. sound waves in space can be redirected, strengthened.
You will need:

piece of rubber tube (hose);
2 funnels;
plasticine.

Insert a funnel into both ends of the rubber tube, securing it with plasticine. Now it is enough to put one to your heart, and to the other - to your ear. The heartbeat is clearly audible. The funnel "collects" the waves, inner surface tube does not allow them to dissipate in space.

The doctor's stethoscope works on this principle. In the old days, hearing aids for the hearing impaired people had about the same device.

Important! Do not use loud sound sources as this may damage your hearing.

Experiments

What is the difference between experiment and experience? These are research methods. Usually the experiment is carried out with famous result, demonstrating an already clear axiom. The experiment is designed to confirm or disprove the hypothesis.

For children, the difference between these concepts is almost imperceptible, any action is performed for the first time, without a scientific basis.

However, the awakened interest often pushes the guys to new experiments arising from already known properties materials. Such autonomy should be encouraged.

Freezing liquids

Matter changes properties with a change in temperature. Children are interested in changing the properties of all kinds of liquids when they turn into ice. Different substances have different freezing points. Also, at low temperatures, their density changes.

Note! When freezing liquids, use only plastic containers. Do not use glass containers as they may break. The reason is that liquids, freezing, change their structure. Molecules form crystals, the distance between them increases, the volume of the substance increases.

If you fill different molds with water and orange juice, leave it in the freezer, what happens? The water will already freeze, and the juice will partially remain liquid. The reason is the freezing point of the liquid. Similar experiments can be carried out with different substances.
By pouring water and oil into a transparent container, you can see the already familiar stratification. The oil floats to the surface of the water, as it has a lower density. What can be observed when freezing a container with contents? Water and oil change places. Ice will be on top, oil will now be at the bottom. Freezing, the water became lighter.

Working with a magnet

Great interest in junior schoolchildren causes manifestation magnetic properties various substances. Entertaining physics suggests checking these properties.

Experiment options (you will need magnets):

Checking the ability to attract various objects

You can keep records, indicating the properties of materials (plastic, wood, iron, copper). An interesting material is iron shavings, the movement of which looks bewitching.

The study of the ability of a magnet to act through other materials.

For example, metal object exposed to a magnet through glass, cardboard, wooden surface.

Consider the ability of magnets to attract and repel.

The study of magnetic poles (the same name repel, the opposite attract). A spectacular option is to attach magnets to floating toy boats.

Magnetized needle - analogue of a compass

In the water, it indicates the direction "north - south". The magnetized needle attracts other small objects.

It is advisable not to overload the little researcher with information. The purpose of the experiments is to show how the laws of physics work. It is better to consider one phenomenon in detail than to endlessly change directions for the sake of spectacle.
Before each experiment, it is easy to explain the properties and features of the objects participating in them. Then summarize with your child.
The safety rules deserve special attention. The beginning of each lesson is accompanied by instructions.

Science experiments are fun! Perhaps it will be the same for parents. It is doubly interesting to discover new aspects of ordinary phenomena together. It is worth discarding everyday worries, sharing the childish joy of discovery.

Introduction

Without a doubt, all our knowledge begins with experience.
(Kant Emmanuel. German philosopher 1724-1804)

Physical experiments In an entertaining way, they introduce students to the various applications of the laws of physics. Experiments can be used in the classroom to draw students' attention to the phenomenon being studied, when repeating and consolidating educational material, and at physical evenings. Entertaining experiences deepen and expand the knowledge of students, contribute to the development logical thinking instill interest in the subject.

This paper describes 10 entertaining experiments, 5 demonstration experiments using school equipment. The authors of the works are students of the 10th grade of the MOU secondary school No. 1 of the village of Zabaikalsk, Zabaikalsky Krai - Chuguevsky Artyom, Lavrentiev Arkady, Chipizubov Dmitry. The guys independently did these experiments, summarized the results and presented them in the form of this work.

The role of experiment in the science of physics

That physics is a young science
Can't say for sure here.
And in ancient times knowing science,
Always strive to reach it.

The purpose of teaching physics is specific,
To be able to apply all knowledge in practice.
And it is important to remember - the role of the experiment
Must be in the first place.

Know how to plan and execute experiments.
Analyze and bring to life.
Build a model, put forward a hypothesis,
Strive to reach new heights

The laws of physics are based on facts established by experience. Moreover, the interpretation of the same facts often changes in the course of the historical development of physics. Facts accumulate as a result of observations. But at the same time, they cannot be limited only to them. This is only the first step towards knowledge. Next comes the experiment, the development of concepts that allow qualitative characteristics. In order to draw general conclusions from observations, to find out the causes of phenomena, it is necessary to establish quantitative relationships between quantities. If such a dependence is obtained, then a physical law is found. If a physical law is found, then there is no need to set up an experiment in each individual case, it is enough to perform the appropriate calculations. Having studied experimentally the quantitative relationships between the quantities, it is possible to identify patterns. Based on these regularities, a general theory of phenomena is developed.

Therefore, without experiment there can be no rational teaching of physics. The study of physics involves the widespread use of the experiment, the discussion of the features of its formulation and the observed results.

Entertaining experiments in physics

The description of the experiments was carried out using the following algorithm:

Name of experience
Instruments and materials necessary for the experiment
Stages of the experiment
Explanation of experience

Experience #1 Four floors

Equipment and materials: glass, paper, scissors, water, salt, red wine, sunflower oil, colored alcohol.

Stages of the experiment

Let's try to pour four different liquids into a glass so that they do not mix and stand one above the other in five floors. However, it will be more convenient for us to take not a glass, but a narrow glass expanding towards the top.

Pour salted tinted water into the bottom of a glass.
Roll out “Funtik” paper and bend its end at a right angle; cut off its tip. The hole in the Funtik should be the size of a pinhead. Pour red wine into this cone; a thin stream should flow out of it horizontally, break against the walls of the glass and flow down it into salt water.
When the layer of red wine is equal in height to the height of the layer of tinted water, stop pouring the wine.
From the second cone, pour sunflower oil into a glass in the same way.
Pour a layer of colored alcohol from the third horn.

Picture 1

So we got four floors of liquids in one glass. All different colors and different densities.

Explanation of experience

The liquids in the groceries were arranged in the following order: tinted water, red wine, sunflower oil, tinted alcohol. The heaviest are at the bottom, the lightest are at the top. Salt water has the highest density, tinted alcohol has the smallest.

Experience #2 Amazing Candlestick

Devices and materials: a candle, a nail, a glass, matches, water.

Stages of the experiment

Isn't it an amazing candlestick - a glass of water? And this candlestick is not bad at all.

Figure 2

Weight the end of the candle with a nail.
Calculate the size of the nail so that the candle is completely immersed in water, only the wick and the very tip of the paraffin should protrude above the water.
Light the fuse.

Explanation of experience

Let me, they will tell you, because in a minute the candle will burn down to water and go out!

That's just the point, - you will answer, - that the candle is getting shorter every minute. And if it's shorter, it's easier. If it's easier, then it will float.

And, true, the candle will gradually float up, and the paraffin cooled by water at the edge of the candle will melt more slowly than the paraffin surrounding the wick. Therefore, a rather deep funnel is formed around the wick. This emptiness, in turn, lightens the candle, and that is why our candle will burn out to the end.

Experience No. 3 Candle behind a bottle

Equipment and materials: candle, bottle, matches

Stages of the experiment

Put a lit candle behind the bottle, and stand yourself so that your face is 20-30 cm away from the bottle.
It is worth now to blow, and the candle will go out, as if there is no barrier between you and the candle.

Figure 3

Explanation of experience

The candle goes out because the bottle is “flown around” with air: the jet of air is broken by the bottle into two streams; one flows around it on the right, and the other on the left; and they meet approximately where the flame of a candle stands.

Experience number 4 Spinning snake

Tools and materials: thick paper, candle, scissors.

Stages of the experiment

Cut a spiral out of thick paper, stretch it a little and put it on the end of the bent wire.
Holding this coil over the candle in an updraft of air will cause the snake to spin.

Explanation of experience

The snake rotates because there is an expansion of air under the action of heat and the transformation of warm energy into motion.

Figure 4

Experience No. 5 Eruption of Vesuvius

Devices and materials: glass vessel, vial, cork, alcohol ink, water.

Stages of the experiment

In a wide glass vessel filled with water, put a vial of alcohol ink.
There should be a small hole in the stopper of the vial.

Figure 5

Explanation of experience

Water has a higher density than alcohol; it will gradually enter the vial, displacing the mascara from there. Red, blue or black liquid will rise in a thin stream from the bubble upwards.

Experiment No. 6 Fifteen matches on one

Equipment and materials: 15 matches.

Stages of the experiment

Put one match on the table, and 14 matches across it so that their heads stick up and the ends touch the table.
How to lift the first match, holding it by one end, and with it all the other matches?

Explanation of experience

To do this, you only need to put one more, fifteenth match on top of all the matches, in the hollow between them.

Figure 6

Experience No. 7 Pot stand

Equipment and materials: a plate, 3 forks, a napkin ring, a saucepan.

Stages of the experiment

Put three forks in the ring.
To put on this design plate.
Place a pot of water on a stand.

Figure 7

Figure 8

Explanation of experience

This experience is explained by the rule of leverage and stable equilibrium.

Figure 9

Experience No. 8 Paraffin motor

Devices and materials: a candle, a knitting needle, 2 glasses, 2 plates, matches.

Stages of the experiment

To make this motor, we don't need electricity or gasoline. We need only ... a candle for this.

Heat the needle and stick it with their heads into the candle. This will be the axis of our engine.
Place a candle with a knitting needle on the edges of two glasses and balance.
Light the candle at both ends.

Explanation of experience

A drop of paraffin will fall into one of the plates placed under the ends of the candle. The balance will be disturbed, the other end of the candle will pull and fall; at the same time, a few drops of paraffin will drain from it, and it will become lighter than the first end; it rises to the top, the first end will fall, drop a drop, it will become easier, and our motor will start to work with might and main; gradually fluctuations of the candle will increase more and more.

Figure 10

Experience No. 9 Free exchange of fluids

Equipment and materials: orange, glass, red wine or milk, water, 2 toothpicks.

Stages of the experiment

Carefully cut the orange in half, peel so that the skin is removed by a whole cup.
Poke two holes in the bottom of this cup side by side and put it in a glass. The diameter of the cup should be slightly larger than the diameter of the central part of the glass, then the cup will stay on the walls without falling to the bottom.
Lower the orange cup into the vessel one third of the height.
Pour red wine or colored alcohol into an orange peel. It will pass through the hole until the level of the wine reaches the bottom of the cup.
Then pour water almost to the brim. You can see how a stream of wine rises through one of the holes to the level of the water, while the heavier water passes through the other hole and begins to sink to the bottom of the glass. In a few moments the wine will be at the top and the water at the bottom.

Experience No. 10 Singing glass

Equipment and materials: a thin glass, water.

Stages of the experiment

Fill a glass with water and wipe the rim of the glass.
With a moistened finger, rub anywhere in the glass, she will sing.

Figure 11

Demonstration Experiments

1. Diffusion of liquids and gases

Diffusion (from Latin diflusio - spreading, spreading, scattering), the transfer of particles of different nature, due to the chaotic thermal motion of molecules (atoms). Distinguish between diffusion in liquids, gases and solids

Demonstration experiment "Observation of diffusion"

Devices and materials: cotton wool, ammonia, phenolphthalein, a device for observing diffusion.

Stages of the experiment

Take two pieces of cotton wool.
We moisten one piece of cotton wool with phenolphthalein, the other with ammonia.
Let's bring the branches together.
There is a pink staining of the fleece due to the phenomenon of diffusion.

Figure 12

Figure 13

Figure 14

The phenomenon of diffusion can be observed using a special installation

Pour ammonia into one of the cones.
Moisten a piece of cotton wool with phenolphthalein and put it on top in a flask.
After a while, we observe the coloring of the fleece. This experiment demonstrates the phenomenon of diffusion at a distance.

Figure 15

Let us prove that the phenomenon of diffusion depends on temperature. The higher the temperature, the faster diffusion proceeds.

Figure 16

To demonstrate this experiment, let's take two identical glasses. Pour cold water into one glass, hot water into the other. We add copper sulphate to glasses, we observe that copper sulphate dissolves faster in hot water, which proves the dependence of diffusion on temperature.

Figure 17

Figure 18

2. Communicating vessels

To demonstrate communicating vessels, let's take a number of vessels of various shapes, connected at the bottom by tubes.

Figure 19

Figure 20

We will pour liquid into one of them: we will immediately find that the liquid will flow through the tubes into the remaining vessels and will settle in all vessels at the same level.

The explanation for this experience is as follows. The pressure on the free surfaces of the liquid in the vessels is the same; it is equal to atmospheric pressure. Thus, all free surfaces belong to the same level surface and, therefore, must be in the same horizontal plane and the upper edge of the vessel itself: otherwise the kettle cannot be filled to the top.

Figure 21

3. Pascal's ball

Pascal's ball is a device designed to demonstrate the uniform transfer of pressure exerted on a liquid or gas in a closed vessel, as well as the rise of a liquid behind a piston under the influence of atmospheric pressure.

To demonstrate the uniform transmission of pressure produced on a liquid in a closed vessel, it is necessary, using a piston, to draw water into the vessel and tightly fit a ball onto the nozzle. By pushing the piston into the vessel, demonstrate the outflow of liquid from the holes in the ball, paying attention to the uniform outflow of liquid in all directions.

Many people think that science is boring and dreary. So says the one who has not seen the science shows from "Eureka". What happens in our "lessons"? No cramming, boring formulas and a sour expression on the face of a desk mate. Children like our science, all experiments and experiments, they love our science, our science gives joy and stimulates further knowledge of complex subjects.

Try it yourself, to conduct entertaining experiments in physics for children at home. It will be fun, and most importantly, very informative. your child in game form get acquainted with the laws of physics, and it has been proven that in the game, children quickly and easily learn the material and remember for a long time.

Entertaining experiments in physics that should be shown to children at home

Simple entertaining experiments in physics that children will remember for a lifetime. Everything you need to conduct these experiments is at your fingertips. So, forward to scientific discoveries!

A ball that doesn't burn!

Props: 2 balloons, candle, matches, water.

Interesting experience: We inflate the first balloon and hold it over a candle to demonstrate to the kids that the balloon will burst from the fire.

Pour plain tap water into the second ball, tie it up and bring the candles to the fire again. And about a miracle! What do we see? The ball does not burst!

The water that is in the balloon absorbs the heat generated by the candle, and therefore the balloon does not burn, therefore, does not burst.

Wonder Pencils

Requisites: plastic bag, regular sharpened pencils, water.

Interesting experience: Pour water into a plastic bag - not full, half.

In the place where the bag is filled with water, we pierce the bag through with pencils. What do we see? In places of a puncture - the package does not leak. Why? And, if you do the opposite: first pierce the bag, and then pour water into it, the water will flow through the holes.

How the "miracle" happens: explanation: When polyethylene breaks, its molecules are attracted closer friend to friend. In our experiment, the polyethylene is pulled around the pencils and keeps the water from leaking.

Non-popping ball

Requisites: balloon, wooden skewer and dishwashing liquid.

Interesting experience: Lubricate the top and bottom of the ball with dishwashing liquid, pierce with a skewer, starting from the bottom.

How the "miracle" happens: explanation: And the secret of this “trick” is simple. To save a whole ball, you need to know where to pierce - at the points of least tension, which are located at the bottom and at the top of the ball.

"Cauliflower

Requisites: 4 ordinary glasses of water, bright food coloring, cabbage leaves or white flowers.

Interesting experience: We add food coloring of any color to each glass and put one leaf of cabbage or a flower in colored water. We leave the "bouquet" for the night. And in the morning... we will see that the cabbage leaves or flowers have become different colors.

How the "miracle" happens: explanation: Plants absorb water to nourish their flowers and leaves. This is due to the capillary effect, in which water itself fills the thin tubes inside the plants. By sucking in the tinted water, the leaves and color change their color.

The egg that can swim

Requisites: 2 eggs, 2 cups of water, salt.

Interesting experience: Carefully place the egg in a glass of plain clean water. We see: it drowned, sank to the bottom (if not, the egg is rotten and it is better to throw it away).
And pour into the second glass warm water and stir in it 4-5 tablespoons of salt. We wait until the water cools down, then lower it into salt water second egg. And what do we see now? The egg floats on the surface and does not sink! Why?

How the "miracle" happens: explanation: It's all about density! The average density of an egg is much greater than the density of plain water, so the egg "sinks". And the density of the saline solution is greater, and therefore the egg “floats”.

Delicious Experiment: Crystal Candy

Requisites: 2 cups water, 5 cups sugar, wooden sticks for mini skewers, thick paper, transparent glasses, saucepan, food coloring.

Interesting experience: Take a quarter cup of water, add 2 tablespoons of sugar, boil the syrup. At the same time, pour a little sugar onto thick paper. Then dip a wooden skewer into the syrup and collect sugar with it.

Let the sticks dry overnight.

In the morning we dissolve 5 glasses of sugar in two glasses of water, leave the syrup to cool for 15 minutes, but not much, otherwise the crystals will not “grow”. Then pour the syrup into jars and add multi-colored food coloring. We lower the skewers with sugar into jars so that they do not touch either the walls or the bottom (you can use a clothespin). What's next? And then we observe the process of crystal growth, we are waiting for the result in order to ... eat!

How the “miracle” happens: explanation: As soon as the water begins to cool, the solubility of sugar decreases and it precipitates, settling on the walls of the vessel and on a skewer with a seed of sugar grains.

"Eureka"! Science without boredom!

There is another option to motivate children to study science - order a science show at the Evrika Development Center. Oh, what's not here!

Show program "Fun Kitchen"

Here the kids are waiting exciting experiments with those things and products that are available in any kitchen. The kids will try to drown the tangerine; make drawings on milk, check the egg for freshness, and also find out why milk is useful.

"Tricks"

This program contains experiments that at first glance seem like real magic tricks, but in fact they are all explained with the help of science. The kids will find out: why the balloon over the candle does not burst; what makes an egg float, why a balloon sticks to a wall... and other interesting experiments.

"Entertaining physics"

Does the air weigh, why does a fur coat warm, what is common between the experiment with a candle and the shape of the wing of birds and airplanes, can a piece of fabric hold water, can an eggshell of a whole elephant withstand these and other questions, the kids will receive an answer by becoming a participant in the show " Entertaining physics" from "Eureka".

These Entertaining experiments in physics for schoolchildren can be carried out in the classroom to draw students' attention to the phenomenon being studied, while repeating and consolidating educational material: they deepen and expand the knowledge of schoolchildren, contribute to the development of logical thinking, instill interest in the subject.

It Matters: Science Show Safety

The main part of the props and consumables is purchased directly from specialized stores of manufacturing companies in the United States, and therefore you can be sure of their quality and safety;
Center child development"Eureka" non-science shows of toxic or other materials harmful to children's health, easily breakable objects, lighters and other "harmful and dangerous";
Before ordering scientific shows, each client can find out detailed description ongoing experiments, and, if necessary, sensible explanations;
Before the start of science shows, the children are instructed on the rules of conduct at the Show, and professional Hosts make sure that these rules are not violated during the show.

We bring to your attention 10 amazing magic tricks, experiments, or science shows that you can do with your own hands at home.
At your child's birthday party, weekend or vacation, make the most of your time and become the center of attention of many eyes! 🙂

An experienced organizer of scientific shows helped us in preparing the post - Professor Nicolas. He explained the principles behind a particular focus.

1 - Lava lamp

1. Surely many of you have seen a lamp that has a liquid inside that imitates hot lava. Looks magical.

2. Water is poured into sunflower oil and food coloring (red or blue) is added.

3. After that, we add effervescent aspirin to the vessel and observe a striking effect.

4. During the reaction, colored water rises and falls through the oil without mixing with it. And if you turn off the light and turn on the flashlight, the "real magic" will begin.

: “Water and oil have different densities, and also have the property of not mixing, no matter how we shake the bottle. When we add effervescent tablets inside the bottle, they dissolve in water and begin to release carbon dioxide and set the liquid in motion.”

Want to put on a real science show? More experiences can be found in the book.

2 - Experience with soda

5. Surely at home or in a nearby store there are several cans of soda for the holiday. Before you drink them, ask the guys the question: “What happens if you submerge soda cans in water?”
Drown? Will they swim? Depends on the soda.
Invite the children to guess in advance what will happen to a particular jar and conduct an experiment.

6. We take the cans and gently lower them into the water.

7. It turns out that despite the same volume, they have different weight. That is why some banks sink and others do not.

Commentary by Professor Nicolas: “All our cans have the same volume, but the mass of each can is different, which means that the density is different. What is density? This is the value of mass divided by volume. Since the volume of all cans is the same, the density will be higher for one of them, whose mass is greater.
Whether a jar will float in a container or sink depends on the ratio of its density to that of water. If the density of the can is less, then it will be on the surface, otherwise the can will go to the bottom.
But what makes a regular cola can denser (heavier) than a diet drink can?
It's all about the sugar! Unlike conventional cola, where it is used as a sweetener granulated sugar, a special sweetener is added to the diet, which weighs much less. So how much sugar is in a typical soda can? The difference in mass between regular soda and its dietary counterpart will give us the answer!”

3 - Paper cover

Ask the audience a question: “What happens if you turn a glass of water over?” Of course it will spill! And if you press the paper to the glass and turn it over? The paper will fall and the water will still spill on the floor? Let's check.

10. Carefully cut out the paper.

11. Put on top of the glass.

12. And carefully turn the glass over. The paper has stuck to the glass, as if magnetized, and the water does not pour out. Miracles!

Commentary by Professor Nicolas: “Although this is not so obvious, but in fact we are in the real ocean, only in this ocean there is not water, but air that presses on all objects, including you and me, we just got used to it to this pressure that we do not notice it at all. When we cover a glass of water with a piece of paper and turn it over, water presses on the sheet on one side, and air on the other side (from the very bottom)! The air pressure turned out to be greater than the pressure of the water in the glass, so the leaf does not fall.

4 - Soap Volcano

How to make a small volcano erupt at home?

14. You will need baking soda, vinegar, some dish detergent and cardboard.

16. Dilute vinegar in water, add washing liquid and tint everything with iodine.

17. We wrap everything with dark cardboard - this will be the “body” of the volcano. A pinch of soda falls into the glass, and the volcano begins to erupt.

Commentary by Professor Nicolas: “As a result of the interaction of vinegar with soda, a real chemical reaction with the release of carbon dioxide. A liquid soap and dye, interacting with carbon dioxide, form a colored soap foam - that's the eruption.

5 - Candle pump

Can a candle change the laws of gravity and lift water up?

19. We put a candle on a saucer and light it.

20. Pour tinted water on a saucer.

21. Cover the candle with a glass. After a while, the water will be drawn into the glass against the laws of gravity.

Commentary by Professor Nicolas: What does the pump do? Changes pressure: increases (then water or air begins to “run away”) or, conversely, decreases (then gas or liquid begins to “arrive”). When we covered the burning candle with a glass, the candle went out, the air inside the glass cooled, and therefore the pressure decreased, so the water from the bowl began to be sucked in.

Games and experiments with water and fire are in the book "Experiments of Professor Nicolas".

6 - Water in the sieve

We continue to study the magical properties of water and surrounding objects. Ask someone present to put on a bandage and pour water through it. As we can see, it passes through the holes in the bandage without any difficulty.
Bet with others that you can make it so that water will not pass through the bandage without any additional tricks.

22. Cut off a piece of bandage.

23. Wrap a bandage around a glass or champagne glass.

24. Turn the glass over - the water does not spill out!

Commentary by Professor Nicolas: “Due to such a property of water as surface tension, water molecules want to be together all the time and it is not so easy to separate them (they are such wonderful girlfriends!). And if the size of the holes is small (as in our case), then the film does not tear even under the weight of water!”

7 - Diving bell

And to secure your honorary title of Water Mage and Master of the Elements, promise that you can deliver paper to the bottom of any ocean (or bath or even a basin) without soaking it.

25. Have those present write their names on a piece of paper.

26. We fold the sheet, put it in a glass so that it rests against its walls and does not slide down. Immerse the leaf in an inverted glass to the bottom of the tank.

27. Paper stays dry - water can't get to it! After you pull out the sheet - let the audience make sure that it is really dry.

Entertaining experiences.
extracurricular activity for the middle classes.

Extra-curricular physics event for middle grades "Entertaining experiments"

Event goals:

Develop cognitive interest, interest in physics;
- develop competent monologue speech using physical terms, develop attention, observation, the ability to apply knowledge in a new situation;
- to teach children to benevolent communication.

Teacher: Today we will show you entertaining experiments. Look carefully and try to explain them. The most distinguished in the explanation will receive prizes - good and excellent marks in physics.

(Students in grade 9 show experiments, and students in grades 7-8 explain)

Experience 1 "Without getting your hands wet"

Equipment: plate or saucer, coin, glass, paper, matches.

Conduct: Put a coin on the bottom of a plate or saucer and pour some water. How to get a coin without even getting your fingertips wet?

Solution: Light the paper, put it into the glass for a while. Turn the heated glass upside down and place on a saucer next to the coin.

As the air in the glass is heated, its pressure will increase and some of the air will escape. The remaining air will cool after a while, the pressure will decrease. Under the action of atmospheric pressure, water will enter the glass, freeing the coin.

Experience 2 "Raising a dish of soap"

Equipment: a plate, a piece of laundry soap.

How to do it: Pour water into a bowl and drain immediately. The surface of the plate will be damp. Then a bar of soap, strongly pressing against the plate, turn several times and lift it up. At the same time, the plate will also rise with soap. Why?

Explanation: The rise of the dish of soap is due to the attraction of the molecules of the dish and the soap.

Experience 3 "Magic Water"

Equipment: a glass of water, a sheet of thick paper.

Conduct: This experience is called "Magic Water". Fill a glass with water to the brim and cover with a sheet of paper. Let's turn the glass. Why doesn't water pour out of an overturned glass?

Explanation: Water is held by atmospheric pressure, i.e. Atmosphere pressure more pressure than water.

Notes: Experience is better with a thick-walled vessel.
When turning the glass, a piece of paper must be held by hand.

Experience 4 "Tearable paper"

Equipment: two tripods with clutches and paws, two paper rings, rail, meter.

Conduct: We hang the paper rings on tripods at the same level. We put a rail on them. With a sharp blow with a meter or a metal rod in the middle of the rail, it breaks, and the rings remain intact. Why?

Explanation: The interaction time is very short. Therefore, the rail does not have time to transfer the received impulse to the paper rings.

Notes: The width of the rings is 3 cm. The rail is 1 meter long, 15-20 cm wide and 0.5 cm thick.

Experience 5 "Heavy Newspaper"

Equipment: rail 50-70 cm long, newspaper, meter.

Conduct: Put a rail on the table, a fully unfolded newspaper on it. If you slowly put pressure on the hanging end of the ruler, then it falls, and the opposite one rises along with the newspaper. If you sharply hit the end of the rail with a meter or hammer, then it breaks, and the opposite end with the newspaper does not even rise. How to explain it?

Explanation: The paper is under pressure from above. atmospheric air. By slowly pressing the end of the ruler, air penetrates under the newspaper and partially balances the pressure on it. With a sharp blow, due to inertia, air does not have time to instantly penetrate under the newspaper. The air pressure on the newspaper from above is greater than from below, and the rail breaks.

Notes: The rail must be laid so that its end of 10 cm hangs. The newspaper should fit snugly against the rail and the table.

Experience 6

Equipment: tripod with two clutches and legs, two demonstration dynamometers.

Conduct: We will fix two dynamometers on a tripod - a device for measuring force. Why are their readings the same? What does this mean?

Explanation: bodies act on each other with forces equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. (Newton's third law).

Experience 7

Equipment: two sheets of paper of the same size and weight (one of them is crumpled).

Implementation: Release both sheets at the same time from the same height. Why does a crumpled sheet of paper fall faster?

Explanation: A crumpled sheet of paper falls faster because there is less air resistance acting on it.

But in a vacuum, they would fall at the same time.

Experience 8 "How quickly the candle goes out"

Equipment: a glass vessel with water, a stearin candle, a nail, matches.

Conduct: Light a candle and lower it into a vessel of water. How fast will the candle go out?

Explanation: It seems that the flame will be filled with water as soon as the segment of the candle that protrudes above the water burns out and the candle goes out.

But, burning down, the candle decreases in weight and under the influence of Archimedean strength pops up.

Note: Attach a small weight (nail) to the bottom of the candle so that it floats in the water.

Experience 9 "Fireproof paper"

Equipment: metal rod, strip of paper, matches, candle (spirit lamp)

Conduct: Wrap the rod tightly with a strip of paper and bring it into the flame of a candle or spirit lamp. Why doesn't paper burn?

Explanation: Iron, being a good conductor of heat, removes heat from paper so it does not catch fire.

Experience 10 "Fireproof scarf"

Equipment: tripod with clutch and foot, alcohol, handkerchief, matches.

Implementation: Clamp a handkerchief (previously moistened with water and wrung out) in the foot of the tripod, douse it with alcohol and set it on fire. Despite the flame engulfing the handkerchief, it will not burn. Why?

Explanation: The heat released during the combustion of alcohol completely went to the evaporation of water, so it cannot ignite the fabric.

Experience 11 "Fireproof thread"

Equipment: tripod with clutch and foot, feather, ordinary thread and thread soaked in saturated solution table salt.

Conduct: We hang a feather on a thread and set it on fire. The thread burns out, and the feather falls. And now let's hang a feather on a magic thread and set it on fire. As you can see, the magic thread burns out, but the feather remains hanging. Explain the secret of the magic thread.

Explanation: The magic thread was soaked in a salt solution. When the thread is burned, the feather is held on by fused salt crystals.

Note: The thread should be soaked 3-4 times in a saturated salt solution.

Experience 12 "Water boils in a paper pot"

Equipment: a tripod with a clutch and a foot, a paper saucepan on threads, a spirit lamp, matches.

Conduct: Hang a paper pan on a tripod.

Can you boil water in this pot?

Explanation: All the heat released during combustion goes to heat the water. In addition, the temperature of the paper pot does not reach the ignition temperature.

Interesting questions.

Teacher: While the water boils, you can ask the audience questions:

What grows upside down? (icicle)

Bathed in water, but remained dry. (Goose, duck)

Why waterfowl do not get wet in water? (The surface of their feathers is covered with a thin layer of fat, and water does not wet the oily surface.)

From the ground and the child will lift, but over the fence and the strongman will not throw. (Fluff)

During the day the window is broken, at night it is inserted. (hole)

The results of the experiments are summed up.

Grading.

2015-