High-speed railways in Russia. How China is taking over the world with railroads

The high-speed train is one of the most popular modes of transport in China. High speed of movement helps to significantly save travel time between cities. The price policy for high-speed trains in China is much lower than in other countries. If in 2008 high-speed lines in China accounted for only 6% of trips, then in 2013 - 79%.

Today, high-speed rail lines have covered all of China. The high-speed network in China is the largest in the world and occupies 66.7% of the world's high-speed railway network. She covers everything big cities, as well as stations of small towns along the train route. High-speed railways compete with road transport and air transport, especially at medium distances of 300–800 km.

In China, the development of high-speed rail communication is developing at a rapid pace, despite the lack of payback. High-speed communication helps to connect all regions of a huge country with each other in a short time availability. The construction of high-speed railroads helps solve social problems and problems of labor migration in China.

This type of transport is relevant for travelers who want to visit several major cities and save time. For example, from Shanghai to Beijing by high-speed train can be reached in just 5 hours from average speed 330 km/h

Photo: Ed Jones/AFP/Getty Images

There is a lot of talk about the safety of highways in China. “The laying of such railways abroad takes a long time, they cannot be used immediately. After laying, they must settle down, reach a stable state, and only then can they be exploited. And in these two years, we have carried out a real “Great Leap Forward” in the field high-speed trains. Everything is done in a hurry, the deadlines for work are being reduced, the work is done mainly by migrant workers from the villages, and here you need to have quite high qualifications,” Feng Pei-en said earlier.

high speed communication

Most often, high-speed rail is used to travel 200–500 km within a 2–4 ​​hour reach. The speed of modern trains exceeds 350 km/h, and in some sections it can reach 486 km/h, as, for example, on the Beijing-Shanghai highway.

High-speed lines according to the speed of trains are divided into:

On high-speed highways, as a rule, no freight traffic. There are isolated cases of light cargo transportation, for example, mail and parcels.

The fastest train in the world on rails in 2007 was the train of the French National railway. On a demonstration run from Paris to Strasbourg, the train accelerated to 575 km / h. On this line, only daytime passenger train services are carried out.

On May 3, China announced the development of a train that can reach a cruising speed of 400 km/h. Trains will run at this speed on most routes, speeding up to 470 km/h in some sections. The first such trains will be presented to the public in 2020, according to the China Railway Corporation.

A high-speed train in Anshun, southwest China's Guizhou province, March 16, 2017. Photo: STR/AFP/Getty Images

Currently, the cruising speed of trains is generally limited to 350 km/h. The Chinese will achieve an increase in speed, including with the help of lighter materials.

How did high-speed rail traffic develop in the world?

The history of high-speed rail began in the 1970s in Japan, which remained a leader in the field of high-speed lines until the 21st century. The Japanese found that when installing a special canvas and more powerful engines, the train can reach speeds of up to 270 km / h. So on the Tokyo-Osaka line, travel time was reduced from 6 hours 40 minutes to 2 hours 25 minutes. The railway communication, which has already lost its former popularity in the world, has again become competitive.

By the end of the 20th century, the experience of Japan was adopted by 5 more countries: Italy, Spain, France, Germany and Belgium. By the beginning of the 21st century, the speed of trains had already increased to 380 km/h.

At the beginning of the century, the construction of high-speed networks in China began. Despite the fact that China began to build high-speed rail lines later than other countries, in just 10 years the country was able to become a world leader. The peak of the development of high-speed lines in the PRC occurred in the period 2010–2012, when the government allocated about $355 billion for the development of railways.

If in 2008 almost all high-speed trains were purchased in Japan, Germany and France, then by 2011 China had already established own production based on these samples. Now Chinese factories produce hundreds of their trains every year, some of which are exported.

According to the plans of the PRC, by 2020 the length of high-speed railway lines in China will reach 30,000 kilometers, covering all cities with a population of 500,000 or more.

The creators of the idea of ​​high-speed construction - the Japanese, gave way to China in the world rankings. By the end of 2016, Japan's share of the global high-speed rail network had dropped from 47% (in 2000) to 8%. In Europe, until 2010, France was in the lead, and then it was overtaken by Spain, which came close to 3rd place in the world after China and Japan.

China plans to sponsor high-speed roads in Russia

The Russian high-speed rail development strategy includes the Moscow-Kazan route, which could eventually extend to Yekaterinburg and then through Kazakhstan to Beijing, becoming the new Silk Road. The Moscow-Beijing project is designed to be implemented over a period of 8-10 years. From one capital to another, a high-speed train will be able to cover 7,000 km in 2 days. On Russian territory, this road will connect the central region, the Volga region and the Urals.

The first high-speed Allegro train in St. Petersburg. Photo: KIRILL KUDRYAVTSEV/AFP/Getty Images

The construction of high-speed lines and all related infrastructure requires huge financial investments. The PRC can provide loans to Russia for construction if Chinese technologies are used. China intends to invest more than 400 billion rubles in the project.

The construction of the Moscow-Kazan strategic line, 770 km long, according to preliminary estimates, will cost 1.068 trillion rubles. At a maximum speed of up to 400 km / h, the travel time should be no more than 3.5 hours. Now this journey by train takes 11.5 hours.

The project is described in the program for the development of high-speed railway communication in Russia until 2020. The start of construction is expected to begin in 2017, and in 2020 the first high-speed train should run along the highway. The operation of the highway is scheduled for 2021. This will be the first specialized railway in Russia for the movement of trains at speeds from 200 to 400 km/h.

China announced the development of a high-speed train for the Moscow-Kazan route, which is scheduled to be tested in 2018. The train will be designed to operate in temperatures down to -50 degrees Celsius. During testing, the functioning of all elements of the composition at low temperatures will be checked. The train will have 12 carriages designed for 720 passengers. It will move at a speed of 360 km/h.

Experts note that the impact of this project on the country's economy will be huge. The mobility of the population will increase, communication between regions will be strengthened, existing railway lines will be unloaded and the speed of freight trains will increase. Fast and comfortable movement of people will lead to an increase in the quality of life of the population and the development of domestic tourism.

Currently, high-speed trains in Russia run on three routes: Moscow - St. Petersburg, Moscow - Nizhny Novgorod, St. Petersburg - Helsinki, with a total length of 1500 km. High-speed trains on Russian roads can reach a maximum speed of up to 250 km/h.

Holding Olympic Games in China in 2007 gave impetus to the development of bullet train traffic in the country. a railway line was opened for high-speed trains at a speed of 330 km per hour.

The line connected the capital Beijing and the port Tiadzhin. And this is not the limit! Benjin and Shanghai are connected by a 350 km/h high-speed train line. To create a high-speed movement, the technologies of the Japanese company Kawasaki were used. Recent times there is a tendency to use Chinese technology in this direction. Chinese companies sell their trains to northern and South America. For comparison: high-speed trains in Europe can reach speeds of up to 270 km per hour, a Japanese bullet train travels at a speed of 234 km per hour.

In 2010, China's high-speed train set a new speed record of 486.1 kilometers per hour, surpassing the previous record by almost 70 kilometers per hour, Chinese media reported on Friday.

The record was set during a test pass of the CRH380A series train on the section between the cities of Zaozhuang and Bengpu on the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway.

The new record greatly surpasses the previous record of 416.6 kilometers per hour, which the Chinese-made train reached at the end of September this year.

Chinese specialists have begun to design a train that will reach speeds of over 500 kilometers per hour.

Speed ​​records are set only as part of research tests. At the same time, according to the Ministry of Railways of China, at present, China has 337 trains capable of reaching speeds of up to 380 kilometers per hour, which are used to transport passengers.

China has 7.55 thousand kilometers of high-speed railways. More than 10,000 kilometers of high-speed railway track are under construction.

In 2011, China opened another high-speed rail line. This time between Wuhan and Guangzhou. It was built in just four years and now it is the longest high-speed railway line in the world - 1068 km.
Trains on it develop a speed of 350 km / h. So you can get from Wuhan to Guangzhou not in ten hours, as usual, but in just 2 hours and 58 minutes. The fare is from 70 to 114 dollars one way. In 2012, about 13,000 km of high-speed railways (200-350 km/h) will be in operation in China.

By 2012, China will have 42 high-speed rail lines, further boosting the economy. The distance that used to take ten hours to cover now is only three. This is a great alternative to traffic jams and planes with pre-registration required. Inside the train is not divided into wagons and represent a single space. Shaking, vibration, shocks when moving are absent. The trains are equipped with soft anatomical chairs, TVs, vending machines with drinks. Hot lunches are also provided, served by well-trained stewards. The cost of meals is included in the ticket.

What does it look like? To a giant airport? To the spaceport? A scene from a movie about the future? No, guys, this is the Chinese station. Giant building. Futuristic architecture. Elevators, escalators, dozens and hundreds of information boards, marble floor, polished to a mirror finish, live palm trees, comfortable temperature, perfect cleanliness. There are several thousand people here at the same time. But they are all so evenly distributed in a common gigantic space that there is no feeling of a crowd, which is characteristic of stations.

There are restaurants, and McDonald's, and Starbucks, and branded stores. There are also recreation areas and playgrounds for children. At the box office for buying tickets there is a special window for foreigners. An adult and serious Chinese woman in glasses sells tickets to the "laowais" as if they are her students, and she is an English teacher.

Regular trains do not come to this station. There are high speed trains. The fact is that now China is rebuilding a giant web of high-speed railways throughout the country. This web is already linking dozens of strategic millionaires. And in the next few years, it will cover itself in literally the whole country.

Which trains are a great alternative to two modes of transport at once. First, cars. Previously, to get from one city to another, you had to take a car, stand in city traffic for a long time, take the freeway, pay for the road (roads in China are paid), refuel and drive at a speed of 100 kilometers per hour in the vicinity of crazy Chinese drivers trucks. Now on a high-speed train, this can be done three times faster and three times cheaper. At the same time, you will spend time in comfortable conditions and don't get tired of driving.

And secondly, it is an alternative to aircraft. Because now, from almost any major city to another major city, you can not only fly by plane, but also get there by such a high-speed train. This is often much more convenient. And always cheaper. And it works.

At the station, all passengers are waiting for their train in the common waiting room. And only when the high-speed train is served on the platform and it opens its sealed doors, passengers are invited to board. The landing system here is the same as at airports. That is why the platforms themselves are always deserted and spotlessly clean.

AP Photo/Xinhua, Cheng Min // Wuhan depot and some of the fastest trains in the world.

Buying tickets, finding the right exit to the platform, the way from the waiting room to the train - all this is organized in such a logical and predictable way that anyone can figure it out. Even laowai. And even "laowai", who flew to China for the first time and just now.

Trains arrive on time. And they leave on time. This is a system. Clear and thoughtful matrix.

After the train has been served, passengers through automatic gates enter one of the platforms, of which there are several dozen. And almost immediately find themselves inside the train.

AP Photo // The driver in the cab of the CRH3 train.

Inside the train is a single space. Without partitions and divided wagons. You can walk from the end of the train to the beginning without opening or closing a single door. Soft, comfortable chairs, information boards (where the names of stops, time and speed are displayed), LCD TVs, laptop sockets, coolers with hot and cold water ...

These trains are served by specially sharpened conductors. Cute but strict Chinese women in blue uniforms. It is to them that you can ask your naive question and get a very serious answer to it. They don't flirt at work...

Pay attention to this young man in a red vest. This is a railroad employee. He delivers meals. Rice with meat. Chicken with meat. And sweet donuts.

The new generation of trains in China is not “to be” and not “but we also have it”, and not “blablabla”. This is a thoughtful, convenient and popular project on a federal scale. Focused not on the capital's elite, but on the people. (By the way, like many things in China).

Despite all its futurism and grandiosity, the prices here are not at all high. And a businessman from Shanghai in a suit and tie, and a rice farmer who returns from the capital to his village can easily sit in the neighboring seats. At the same time, they will definitely talk loudly, discuss the weather, politics, the Dow Jones index, agricultural fertilizers and a bunch of other things ...

China needs to move. Move quickly, conveniently and affordable. The speed of movement around the country is very important in order for the economy and business to continue to develop as insanely fast. Everyone is interested in this. And the state that "creates the conditions." And "the people and business", which uses these conditions. And I generally understand why such high-speed railways are being built here, and not somewhere else.

circuit diagram railway and high-speed railway in East China area

Schematic diagram of China's expressways (built, under construction and planned for construction)

Here's what the blogger says imajarov about your trip on this train.

Traffic on the Shanghai-Hangzhou Expressway. Travel time - 45 minutes.
Tickets cost 82 yuan - second class, 131 yuan - first class. There is also a compartment (fenced-off corral for 6 people in a 1st class carriage) - 240 yuan per person.

The first feeling is quite impressive: the train first slowly departs from the station and lazily, at a speed of 120-130 km per hour, "weaves" along the sidings. Then it enters a high-speed overpass, in 10-20 seconds it rapidly accelerates to 220-250 km. And further acceleration to 350 km/h is palpably breathtaking. The houses, cars and pashenkos flying below evoke the thought of the frailty of all things. And for some reason, he immediately begins to think that it is probably right that there are no seat belts in such trains: if something does not help. Especially when the flyover reaches 20 meters in height - there are complete associations of low-level helicopter flight (I flew somehow on the "Hooligan" Ka-26 along the coast).

AP Photo/Xinhua, Cheng Min // Station in Wuhan, central China.

REUTERS/Stringer // Max speed trains 350 km/h.

REUTERS/Stringer // Passengers board one of the fastest trains in the world.

High-speed railways in Russia

High-speed rail service in Russia began in 2009 and has a history in the form of a limitedly organized high-speed service in the USSR. Initially, high-speed rail service was launched using the reconstructed existing rail lines, and then the creation of a national high-speed traffic system (NSTS) was started on the basis of newly built high-speed rail lines (HSR).

First VSNT projects

As one of the alternative possibilities for high-speed rail traffic and for practicing high speeds on railway tracks, in the 1970s, a prototype jet train car was tested that did not have motor traction from wheel-pair bogies.

In the summer of 2010, a high-speed service was opened on the Sapsan train on the route Moscow - Nizhny Novgorod (minimum travel time 3 hours 55 minutes).

Railway communication in China is one of the priority modes of transport for both short and long distances. The track infrastructure is very developed and of high quality. It took many years and finances to build and improve it. The railway from China has connections with the transport systems of Russia, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Vietnam, and North Korea.

Railroad history

In various historical periods The construction of railways in China was carried out in different ways. In 1876, the first line was laid, which connected Shanghai with Wusun.

In 1881, it was decided to build a ten-kilometer road from the Zitang Shanquan area to the Suige settlement. In the period from 1876 to 1911, the country was building roads, the length of which was 9100 km. In 1912, the first concept of building a railway was proposed. By 1949, the length of the canvas in the country had reached 26,200 km.

In Old China, construction was carried out at a slow pace, in small quantities and with low quality. Cloths were laid mainly along the coast. There were no railways in the southwest and northwest of the country. The paths were divided into sections and controlled by different institutions.

Under New China, the Ministry of Railways appeared, which took over all railway communications. A program of work was created for the construction and restoration of roads and bridges. China was developing, the railway had grown by 1996, and its length reached 64,900 km. Stations were built and restored, the production of diesel locomotives, electric locomotives, and passenger cars increased.

By 2013, the length of railway lines was 103,144 km. As a result of the transformation, increased throughput and train speed. The volume of freight and passenger traffic has increased, and the density of train traffic has increased.

By 2020, it is planned to build more than 120,000 km of tracks in the state. A railway from China is being built towards Khabarovsk. In addition, a project is being developed that will connect the Chinese South Xinjiang line with Kyrgyzstan.

Railroad map

Now the railway infrastructure of China is one of the most developed. The length of the roads in the country today is more than 110,000 km. Much attention is paid to the development railway construction in port areas and to the west, deep into the continental part.

The population in the territory of the PRC is distributed unevenly, and the Chinese railway scheme has the highest density in the southwest and east of the country. To cover the entire territory of the Republic, the network of roads is expanding, new technologies are being introduced.

Train classification

In China, the train number is indicated capital letter and numbers. The letter indicates the category of the train. The train category is affected by speed, service, number of stops.

• Train type "G" - high-speed, can reach speeds of up to 350 km / h.
• The D-type train is a high-speed train, its speed is more than 200 km/h, it stops only at the main stations along the way. The trains include carriages of the first, second class, there are sleeping places.
• Train type "Z" - travels without stops, the speed develops 160 km / h, stops at major stations. As a rule, this is a night train, it consists of reserved seats and compartments.
• Train type "T" - express, its speed reaches 140 km / h, stops at big cities and transport stations. The train has seating, reserved seat and compartment carriages.
• Train type "K" - develops a speed of 120 km / h, stops both in large cities and in villages. It has seating cars and reserved seats.
• Trains without a letter - No Prefix, these include old trains with a very low speed.

Classes on trains

Cars in Chinese trains can be divided into 4 types (classes).

• Soft sleeping is a double or four-seater compartment.
• The hard sleeper is a compartment with six shelves.
• Soft sitting.
• Hard seated.

In trains of type "D" there is the concept of "seat of the first and second class", their difference lies in the comfort of the seats.

high speed trains

China, in order to continue to develop dynamically, needs to move quickly and conveniently. For this, the government of the country is doing everything possible. One of China's largest infrastructure projects is the construction of a high-speed rail network. It has a wide scope, covers a large territory of the country and is one of the most grandiose in the world. Also, the impetus for the construction of such lines was the Olympics in 2007.

Basically, high-speed railways in China are built on overpasses - they are in the form of bridges hundreds of kilometers long. The average train speed is 200 km/h. The length of such routes in China at the end of 2013 amounted to 15,400 km. There are sections on the railway where the train can develop up to 350 km / h.

In China, there is the following classification of lines by speed:

• Normal (100-120 km / h).
• Medium speed (120-160 km/h).
• High-speed (160-200 km / h).
• High-speed (200-400 km/h).
• Ultra-high-speed (more than 400 km/h).

Alpine lines

Construction of the high-mountain railway in China began in 1984. At first, an easy section was mastered, and since 2001, they began to develop a difficult segment. In the summer of 2006, the highest mountain railway in the world, the Qinghai-Tibet, was opened. It connects China with Tibet, its length is 1956 km. A 1142 km long section of the path passes through the mountains. About 550 km of the railway line is laid in the alpine tundra zone, the highest mark of the road reaches 5072 meters above sea level.

Passengers during the trip do not suffer from symptoms of altitude sickness, since the cars are airtight, and the air in the cars is enriched with oxygen, there is protection from solar radiation.

In the alpine tundra zone, the train moves at a speed of 100 km/h; on the remaining sections of the track, the train moves at a speed of 120 km/h.

The railway from China to Tibet provides stable communication between the states. Ease and quick access ensured its popularity not only for residents of these countries, but also for tourists.

Railways on Hainan Island

China's high-speed railways are developed not only on the mainland, but also on the islands. Their construction on the island of Hainan is interesting and unique. The railway on this piece of land is a ring, which is conditionally divided into western and eastern half. The length of the ring is 308 km. Its construction in the western part of the island took place during the difficult period of World War II. It was built piecemeal. The work was finally completed in 2004. In 2006-2007, it underwent modernization, and now it serves trains with a speed capacity of 120-160 km/h. In 2007, the connection of the island's railway with the mainland using a ferry appears.

The construction of the line in the eastern part of the island began at the end of 2007, ended in 2010, and in the same year the second part of the ring was put into operation.

Features of Chinese Railways

In China, there is a special regime for admission to the platform. You can get to the train only at the time of its delivery. At the stations that he passes without stopping, only employees of the station can be observed.

China has poor transport links with neighboring states. Despite the fact that there is a through route and functioning infrastructure, the railway from China is closed, and the border has to be crossed on foot.

Buying a train ticket also has its own characteristics. All tickets in China are sold only with identification documents. A guest of the country can purchase a ticket only at the box office. When buying through a machine, a Chinese ID card is required.

There are practically no suburban transportation in the country.

Railway stations in cities

Chinese railway stations have a typical architecture and are similar to each other. The only exceptions are old platforms in small villages or cities with a historical past.

New stations are mainly built on the outskirts settlements. Existing railroad tracks are moved from the center, old buildings are demolished or reconstructed. Chinese train stations can be compared to airports - they are large-scale, equipped with infrastructure and have many levels.

In China, it is impossible to get to the train station without a ticket, only to some very limited sectors. But at old stations, you can get on the platform before boarding; for this, you need to purchase a special ticket at the box office. It gives the right to be on the platform, but not to board the train.

Russia-China

The laying of paths in China is historically connected with Russia. In 1897, the construction of the Chinese Eastern Railway (CER) began, which is the southern branch. In the period from 1917 to 1950, as a result of military and political actions, it was transferred to China and ceased to exist. It happened in 1952. Instead, the Chinese Changchun Railway appeared on the world map.

In the near future, the China-Russia railway will gain popularity. A project is being developed for the Eurasian High-Speed ​​Transport Corridor, which will connect Beijing with Moscow. The paths will pass through the territory of Kazakhstan, the travel time on them will take two days.

A high-speed railway line (HSR) is a specialized dedicated railway line that provides train traffic at a speed of over 250 km/h. As part of the implementation of the Program for the organization of high-speed and high-speed railway communication in Russian Federation Until 2030, 20 projects are planned to be implemented, which will make it possible to organize more than 50 high-speed routes with a total length of more than 7,000 km. Main promising projects High-speed lines in Russia are the lines Moscow - Kazan - Yekaterinburg with the connection of Ufa and Chelyabinsk, Moscow - St. Petersburg and Moscow - Sochi.

The goal of the Program is to accelerate economic growth and improve the quality of life of the Russian population by creating a network of high-speed and high-speed rail links that provide passengers with the best balance of speed, comfort and cost of travel. The Program focuses on projects for the creation of new dedicated high-speed lines, or the reconstruction of existing tracks that provide route speeds of more than 100 km/h. The HSR is also called the regional metro because, thanks to its speed, high tact of movement and the availability of train stations and stations, it connects regions and makes intercity trips available, including daily ones. The construction of high-speed rail lines stimulates economic development- each ruble invested in high-speed lines gives 1.43 rubles of investments in other industries.

Implementation stages

Russia has unique prerequisites for the development of high-speed and high-speed rail communication. Since the launch of Sapsan trains between Moscow and St. Petersburg in 2009, they have transported more than 16 million people. Compared to the same period last year, 40% more passengers used the service, and the demand for high speed movement continues to be unsatisfied.

When developing the Program, an approach was used that allows minimizing public investment in projects. Costs that are nevertheless required will be carried over to the life of the project when the budgetary effects exceed the budgeted costs. In total, the increase in income of the consolidated budget of the Russian Federation from the implementation of the program is estimated at 7.8 trillion. rubles in 2015 prices.

The program is divided into three stages. The first stage (2015-2020) involves the design and implementation of the first lines of high-speed highways, the most effective for the state and other project participants.

The key project of the first stage will be the construction of the Moscow-Nizhny Novgorod-Kazan high-speed line, which is currently at the design stage. In parallel with this, it is planned to start implementing other large-scale projects for the development of high-speed lines, in particular, the construction of the first section of high-speed line 3 (Center - South) from Moscow to Tula. In addition to creating a high-speed connection between Moscow and Tula, it will significantly speed up communication with Orel, Kursk and Belgorod.

On the territory of the Ural test site, it is planned to implement a project for the construction of the Ekaterinburg-Chelyabinsk high-speed line. The highway will connect the two largest and rather close cities of the Urals with a high-speed railroad track. Currently, they are connected by a railway with a complex profile and low speed. It is also proposed to modernize the existing Yekaterinburg-Nizhny Tagil railway line on the territory of the Ural test site. On the territory of the Siberian test site, it is planned to launch a high-speed communication on the Novosibirsk-Barnaul section.

At the second stage, a significant expansion of the HSR network and high-speed communication is proposed. In the period from 2020 to 2025, it is planned to implement 9 projects:

• Extension of HSR-2 from Kazan to Yelabuga station, in the zone of influence of which are large cities - Naberezhnye Chelny and Nizhnekamsk.
• Extension of the High-speed Line Center - South from Tula to Voronezh, as well as the construction of a section from Rostov-on-Don to Adler.
• Organization on the territory of the Central polygon of high-speed communication on the route Moscow - Yaroslavl. This will require the construction of a new high-speed track in the section from Pushkino to Yaroslavl, and the launch of a high-speed line in the existing profile by upgrading the infrastructure in the Moscow-Krasnoye section. It is also proposed to build a high-speed double-track highway in a new profile from Vladimir to Ivanovo on the territory of the Central Polygon.
• Design and build a high-speed highway Yekaterinburg - Tyumen on the territory of the Ural test site.
• To organize high-speed traffic on the territory of the Siberian test site in the sections Novosibirsk-Kemerovo, Yurga-Tomsk and Kemerovo-Novokuznetsk. This includes the construction of tracks in a new profile, and the modernization of the existing infrastructure.

In the period up to 2030, the formation of the supporting framework of the network will be completed:

• The largest project at this stage will be the Moscow-Yekaterinburg high-speed line. VSM-2 will be extended from Yelabuga to Yekaterinburg.
• The construction of the Voronezh-Rostov-on-Don section will make it possible to connect the previously constructed sections of the VSM-3 Center-South into a single highway.
• A major project will be the construction of a high-speed line from HSR-2 Cheboksary-Samara, which will connect such large cities as Ulyanovsk, Samara and Tolyatti with the supporting frame of the HSR.
• A separate project will make it possible to link Stavropol and the resorts of the Black Sea coast by high-speed rail.

Eliminate bottlenecks

The implementation of high-speed and high-speed traffic projects will make a significant contribution to eliminating bottlenecks in the Russian transport system by switching part of the long-distance passenger traffic from existing lines to high-speed ones. Such a transfer will free the busy lines for the transport of goods. In addition, this will remove a number of restrictions on economic growth by increasing budget revenues and gross regional product, developing engineering, tourism and other sectors of the economy.

The implementation of high-speed rail projects will create the basis for dynamic economic growth. Such projects, along with their own efficiency, act as a catalyst for the development of industries, small and medium-sized businesses, and the development of regions.