Alek grapes fundamentals of the theory of wars. Fundamentals of the general theory of war and the foundations of a new geopolitical ethics

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The monograph by General Alexander Vladimirov is the only work of its kind that directly announces that it was not written "about war" or "the art of war", but represents precisely the "theory of war", which is a unique example in the history of military thought.

The work gives a fairly complete and systematic idea of ​​war as a social phenomenon, as an important part of national life and state practice.

In the scale of "theories of wars", the works of Alexander Vladimirov can be compared with the "unified field theory" in physics, since war and the actual armed struggle are not only part of the existence of mankind, which has its own philosophy, but also an obligatory part national strategy power, understood by the author as the theory, practice and art of government.

The understanding of war as interpreted by Sun Tzu, the theory of war according to Carl von Clausewitz, Liddell B. Hart and the modern conclusions of military science fit into his theory of war and do not contradict each other. The war is described by the author as, perhaps, the main social phenomenon human existence, which has its own general civil (social) and actually military (armed) parts, which, in turn, also have their own philosophy, dialectics, laws, principles and methods of preparation and conduct, and which do not contradict each other, but explain the phenomenon of war and reveal its tools.

For the first time in the history of military thought, the author managed to introduce a relative order into the sum of the ideas accumulated by her and give the theory of war scientific harmony and solidity, moreover, General Alexander Vladimirov’s own ideas are his independent contribution to the treasury of world military thought, and an impulse capable of bringing it out. new level.

Of particular importance are the new basic foundations of national military thought developed by the author, which create the prerequisites for a creative breakthrough in military science and the emergence of new effective state practices in the military construction of Russia, in the management of the state and the army.

The monograph is not only an unparalleled textbook on the theory of war, but also a textbook on national strategy and the philosophy of Russian politics, and even an "instruction" on the practical application of strategic axioms and methods of governing the country. Practically, the modern theory of war by Alexander Vladimirov is a modern theory of state administration.

Thus, in the area political science a new direction of scientific thought has appeared, the foundations of a new scientific school have been created, which has the most important practical value, and Russia can be proud to be its motherland.

It seems that the study of the course of the theory of war and the foundations of national strategy should become an obligatory component of professional training in the civil service system of Russia and in the system of professional military education.

The monograph is recommended for study: as a mandatory course for the training of leaders of the highest state authorities; as an independent course of study in educational institutions high school; in magistracy (postgraduate) political (political science) and higher management specialties; in the preparation of a political asset in party building.

Vladimirov Alexander Ivanovich

Major General of the Reserve, President of the Collegium of Military Experts of Russia, Honorary Chairman of the All-Russian Union of Cadet Associations "Open Commonwealth of Suvorovites, Nakhimovites and Cadets of Russia", Member of the National Strategy Council, Senior Researcher of the IE RAS.

Born on April 17, 1945 in the family of a military man, graduated from the Moscow Suvorov Military School, the Moscow Higher Combined Arms Command School (diploma with honors and a gold medal), military academy them. M.V. Frunze (diploma with honors), Military Academy of the General Staff of the USSR Armed Forces (diploma with honors).

Served in the USSR Armed Forces in command and staff positions in the Far East, in the Group Soviet troops in Germany, Belarus, Vietnam. Awarded with 30 state, departmental and foreign awards.

Participated in the development of the "Basics military doctrine of the Russian Federation”, Laws of the Russian Federation “On Defense”, “On Security”, “On the Status of Servicemen”, “On Conversion”, “On Veterans”, Messages of the President of the Russian Federation to the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation on National Security, the Concept of National Security of the Russian Federation, “Fundamentals of the National Strategy security and development of Russia 2050”. Author of more than 150 works and publications on the problems of the national state idea, military reform, civilian control over the power structures of the state, international and national security, and national strategy. Author of six monographs: “On the National State Idea of ​​Russia”, “Military Reform in Russia”, “Strategic Studies”, “Abstracts for the Strategy of Russia”, “Conceptual Foundations of the National Strategy of Russia. Political aspect”, “Fundamentals general theory war."

Summary of the monograph "FOUNDATIONS of the General Theory of War"

Preamble. Civilization factor

1. The World Today: A General Assessment of the Strategic Environment

1.2 The main civilizational factors of the modern existence of mankind

1.3 Geostrategic background for the development of Russia and the world in the near foreseeable future up to 2050 and the main trends in its development

2. Background and a brief outline of the status of the problem

2.1 Periodization and general outline of the historical development of military affairs and the theory of war

2.2 The main schools in the field of the theory of war, their authors and main works

Chapter Conclusions

Preamble. On General Approaches to the Development of the Theory of War

1. The essential foundations of the theory of war

1.1 War and its nature

1.2 General concepts theories of war and military science

1.3 Basic postulates of the theory of war

2.2 Economics of war

3. Typology of wars

3.1 Types of wars

3.2 Value typology of wars (wars "fair", "unfair")

3.3 Geopolitical technologies as new operational means of war

4. Principles, laws, law and psychology of war

4.1 On the principles of war

4.2 On the laws of war

4.3 On the law of war

4.4 On the psychology of war

Chapter Conclusions

Preamble. War, strategy and politics: a new hierarchy

1. Fundamentals of the general theory of national strategy

1.2 General provisions and main categories of the theory of national strategy

2. Kinds, types and "plans" of strategy

2.1 Types of strategies

2.2 Types of strategies

2.3 Positive and negative plans of the national strategy. The dialectic of "contrition" and "starvation"

3. Management of the war

3.1 Theory of the question and basic approaches

3.2 Strategic direction and strategic management

3.3 Supreme Commander

3.4 Making strategic decisions

3.5 Strategic planning

Chapter Conclusions

Preamble. The theory of war as a philosophical, theoretical and methodological basis and the basis of the national strategy, as the basis of the life order of the state.

1. On the national strategy of Russia

1.1 About the national strategic culture and national strategy of Russia

1.2 The national strategy of Russia in the logic of ethnogenesis

2. Fundamentals of Russia's national strategy

2.1 Strategic matrix of the nation

2.2 The people as a position

2.3 The ideal, as the image of the future of Russia desired by the nation, as the goal of the national strategy and the basis of the position of the people

2.4 A nation's own higher internal and external determinations as the basis of its strategic position

2.5 Strategic line of conduct of the nation

2.6 Maximum expansion line

2.7 "Peace" and "war" time

2.8 The information sphere of the nation and its security

2.9 About national space

2.10 The factor of connectivity as the basis of the strategy for the formation of the national space of Russia

2.11 "National Interest" and "National Security"

2.12 Russia as a new empire: the ABC of imperial principles

2.13 Eurasian Union(EURAS), as a project and as the basic geostrategy of Russia

2.14 Some questions of the nation's survival in global catastrophes: the Adam's Ark project

3. Personnel decide everything

3.1 Fundamentals of the state personnel policy

3.2 On the formation of national elites: cadet education as the basis of the system of education of national elites

4. State, war and armed forces: main trends

4.1 State and war

4.2 State and military

5. State and army: main approaches, aspects and theses

5.1 Army: encyclopedic interpretations and doctrinal provisions

5.2 Russia's national strategy in the military-political sphere: some doctrinal guidelines in the author's interpretation

5.3 Some issues of the foundations of national military construction

6. Army: the genetics of the army, as its basic and professional (corporate) foundations

6.1 The concept of "genetics" of the army and the priorities of its formation

6.2 Army as a system

6.3 The mission philosophy of the army

6.4 The basic archetype of the Russian warrior

6.5 About the state ideology of military service

6.6 On military professionalism

6.7 About the corporate professional ethics of the Army

7. Armies and Society

7.1 Army and politics

7.2 Place and role of the army in society

7.3 Civil-military relations

7.4 Control over the power sphere of the state

8. On the new geopolitical ethics

8.1 About world order

8.2 On the systems of international and regional security, their development and Russia's participation in them

8.3 From human rights to human duties and human rights

8.4 Transition to a new geopolitical ethics in relations between powers and nations

Chapter Conclusions

Conclusion

Strategic axiom

At the request of the editors, AI Vladimirov's monograph "Fundamentals of the General Theory of War" was read by specialists in the field of geopolitics and military affairs. Next, we present the opinion of the candidate of military sciences, professor P. N. Kryazhev.

The structure proposed by the author and the content of his work, which he classifies as a monograph, is based on the results of his many years of creative research on many relevant and interrelated areas, sections and problems.

Even a simple acquaintance with the proposed structure of the monograph speaks volumes. Thus, we can conclude that the author approaches the development of his work not from a highly specialized, departmental focus, but on the basis of a deep and comprehensive analysis of many related and mutually influencing areas and areas of activity and society as a whole and its individual groups, constituent components.

The author has great amount analytical developments, generalizations on various problems of the widest range of problems from ensuring the life of an individual, to issues covering many areas of society, geopolitical issues, an analytical assessment of the place and role of the state in the world community, the place, role and significance of the consequences of the activities of the ruling elite of the state and many, many more. A simple enumeration of just a few of them: “On the National State Idea of ​​Russia”, “Military Reform in Russia”, “Strategic Studies”, “Theses for the Strategy of Russia”, “Conceptual Foundations of the National Strategy of Russia. The political aspect" - speaks of the importance of these works in planning, organizing and implementing state building, ensuring Russia's national security in modern conditions, about the versatility of the author's interests and his civic position.

And the collection of these developments in the form of a single purposeful work seems to be very significant and timely.

Probably, many will agree with me that the absence of a modern theory of war hinders the development of Russia and makes it external and internal politics insufficiently flexible, and state activity inefficient and uncompetitive.

One of the main objectives of this work is an attempt to give harmony and scientific validity to the outstanding achievements of military thought, scattered today over the centuries and the works of great commanders, strategists, politicians and scientists, and the creation on this basis of a relatively complete, modern theory of war.

Urgent Relevance research work This trend is driven by the following factors:

• the absence in the state as a whole and in its military department of a coherent theory of war (the theory of war is not included in the list of military theories as such and is not taught as a subject of instruction even in the system of professional military education);
• the manifestation of new trends in the development of mankind and significant new factors of its modern existence;
• current military events of our time, requiring a new understanding;
• the need to create on the basis of the theory of war an independent theory of national strategy and the theory of state administration;
• the need to generalize the practical and scientific experience of mankind in the field of preparing and waging wars, identifying new trends in political life and the development of military affairs, and their presentation in the interpretation of the concepts of the new theory of war;
• a certain stagnation of domestic military thought in recent decades.

This means that there is an objective law of development - ignorance of both the laws of evolution of nature, society, and the laws of war and strategy, as well as their arbitrary interpretation and application, always leads the nation to collapse and does not relieve national elites, governments and societies from their responsibility for the historical fate of their own nations and peoples.

Unfortunately, in modern history the national strategy, as a rule, is shaped not by those representatives of the national elites who “have risen to the heights of knowledge, understanding and responsibility”, but by those who, guided by the “instinct of power”, rely on the fact that in “their time” they are not threatened with collapse and they will be able to survive in it, which is just another example of a delusion that only exacerbates strategic mistakes and worsens the chances of their nations for survival and a worthy history. This provision directly applies to the state of affairs in modern Russia.

At the same time, even a superficial analysis of the existence of mankind in relation to the main issues of the survival of our earthly civilization, namely the issues of war and peace, confuses modern political science and military thought, since these problems do not find their systemic explanation today, and, moreover, do not have a visible intelligible solution.

These problems are increasingly blurred by the manifestation of new trends in the development of mankind, despite the fact that there are practically no positive and clear development trends, or they have not been identified as such.

Today, political science and military thought is actively and anxiously rushing about in search of explainable (or at least acceptable) forecasts and pictures of the future and is trying to see the fabric of times, but all these searches are still unsystematic and cannot be reduced to at least somehow understandable model.

The author explains this fact not so much by the complexity of the problem raised, but by the lack of a systematic basis for searches. And as an alternative, he offers the results of his many years of research, combined in such a work as a monograph dedicated to the creation of the foundations of a general theory of war.

Modern researchers today are vigorously discussing the works of military historians and theorists, including the creative heritage of Karl von Clausewitz, either agreeing with his interpretations of the war, or actively and reasonably protesting against them (Israeli historian Martin van Creveld), but the strangest thing in this process it is that none of them offer anything fundamentally new.

At the same time, all modern experts agree that the wars of the XX-XXI centuries are of a different nature than the war in the time of Clausewitz.

Analyzing the military-theoretical works of Clausewitz and the works of his modern opponents, the author brings us to the conclusion that the nature of war is violence, and this is its absolute constant, which always remains unchanged, but at the same time, the very content of war, its goals, criteria, management technologies and operational means.

In our opinion, the research carried out by the author of such areas and sections of the theory of war as the content of war as a whole and in relation to the modern era, its goals, criteria, technologies of warfare and operational means deserve attention.

The undoubted merit of the author is that, on the basis of the research carried out, they are offered a new interpretation of a number of categories related to the issues under consideration. We consider the most significant of them to be research in such areas as:

• categories related to the assessment of the state of national existence - "challenges", "risks", "dangers", "threats", "crisis", "catastrophe", "collapse";
• definitions of the main categories of war as a social phenomenon and part of the existence of society, such as “theory of war”, “war”, “peace”, “victory in war”; "niches of war";
• concepts that determine the nature and specifics of the phenomenon of war as a process of organized violence - "aggression", "theaters of war", "position", "connectivity", "maneuver", "tempo of action" and others.

Very interesting and relevant is the typology of wars carried out by the author with a detailed analysis of the types of wars, where the main attention is paid to the analysis of wars of the 21st century, including such as asymmetric wars, information and network-centric wars, swarm (network) warfare.

A significant contribution to science is the results of the research conducted by the author of new technologies of warfare conducted in peacetime (information technologies) applied to Russia by the main geopolitical players of the 21st century, its civilizational opponents-enemies. Alexander Ivanovich is one of the first researchers who saw the close relationship between modern geopolitical technologies and military affairs.

New information technologies are, according to the author, new operational means of war, which provide new opportunities for managing the world. The war is waged by new operational means that look like modern geopolitical technologies that are informational in nature.

The main of these peacetime warfare technologies are: the strategy of "organized chaos"; technology of "terror"; technology of "freedom of human rights"; technology of "permanent reforms"; technology of "formation of national consciousness" and technology of "competition". The author paid considerable attention to the study of these technologies and methods of their application to Russia.

Obviously, under the influence of new technologies, the world will change irresistibly and rapidly in all forms of social life. And at the same time, today, perhaps, few people know what, in the name of what, in exchange for what, and at what cost will change.

We should agree with the author that the panacea for the harmful effects of geopolitical technologies as new operating means of war is the own immune system of the nation-state and civilization, the basis of which has always been, is and will be their own system of shrines, ideals and values, the originality of their culture and way of life. .

It seems important to understand the fact that the state power of our geopolitical rival and his national interests always stand and act behind democratic demagoguery.

Interesting and original is the author's approach to the analysis of the principles, laws, law and psychology of war. Unlike previous studies of domestic military theorists, Vladimirov A.I. chose the path not narrowly specific, party-dogmatic, but the path of generalization and analysis of the world military heritage and the work of modern military researchers (Suvorova A.V., Klado N.L., Sergei Pereslegin, Sun Tzu, Clausewitz, E.J. Kingston-McClory, Liddell Garth, Martin van Creveld and others).

This allowed the author, on the basis of a deep and comprehensive analysis and generalization of the world military heritage, to express several original and at the same time relevant and fully implemented laws and principles of war in military affairs. I will give just a few of them:

• a nation can win only when it knows and skillfully uses the laws of war, and prepares itself in advance for it;
• a nation can only win when it has the will to win;
• today Russia is in a position in which: when there is a chance to win, we must fight; if there is no chance, we must win!

Very significant in this vein is the author's conclusion that the theory of war can take place and become a recognized science only if it has its own set of basic features of science, which necessarily includes such scientific attributes as its own principles and principles. laws, and when the theory of war can be confirmed by already historically existing military law proper.

certain scientific and practical significance have research conducted by the author in such an area of ​​state activity as ensuring national security. The national security of Russia, according to the author's definition, is a system of internal and external conditions for the existence of its society (peoples) formed by the state as a state of existence of the nation, guaranteed to ensure the implementation of its basic strategic goals, that is, its self-preservation, positive development and historical eternity, despite all objectively existing and possible threats to the existence of Russia as a state, a superethnos and a special civilization.

The main object and subject of Russia's national security is itself, as a state (with its system of constitutional institutions), Russian society itself (a superethnos and a special civilization), as well as the personality of each of its citizens with their own way of life and territory.

The reconstruction of the national military power of Russia, adequate to the future challenges of its existence, is possible, as the author argues, only when military construction is carried out in accordance with the new philosophy of military and state building and taking into account a deep knowledge of trends, the latest technologies and war strategy. Russia's national security can only be ensured if its national interests are determined and harmonized with the interests of other powers and, above all, with the interests of the regional leaders.

In our opinion, these conclusions and proposals of the author are very relevant in connection with the processes of transformation of our Armed Forces, understanding their role, forms and methods of action in wars of the 21st century.

Not all conclusions and proposals of the author are axiomatic and indisputable, many are at this stage only the author's ideas, subject to further deep and comprehensive research, starting positions for the development of scientific discussions on the pages of periodicals, special editions, collections, at seminars, conferences, etc. d.

The monograph of General Alexander Vladimirov is the only work of its kind that directly announces that it was not written “about war” or about the “art of war”, but represents precisely the “theory of war”, which is the only and unique in the entire history of military thought. example. The work gives a fairly complete and systematic idea of ​​war as a social phenomenon, as an important part of national life and state practice. In the scale of "theories of wars", the works of General Alexander Vladimirov can be compared with the "unified field theory" in physics, since war and the actual armed struggle are not only part of the existence of mankind that has its own philosophy, but also an obligatory part of the national strategy of the state, understood by the author as a theory , practice and art of government. In his theory of war fit and do not contradict each other as the war in the interpretation of Sun Tzu, the theory of war according to Carl von Clausewitz, B. Liddell Hart and modern delights of military science, and war as (perhaps the main) social phenomenon of human existence, having its own general civil (social) and actually military (armed) parts, which, in turn, also have their own philosophy, dialectics, laws, principles and methods of preparation and conduct, and which do not contradict each other, but explain the phenomenon of war and reveal its tools . For the first time in the history of military thought, the author succeeded in introducing a relative order into the sum of her ideas and giving the theory of war scientific harmony and solidity, despite the fact that General Alexander Vladimirov's own ideas are his independent contribution to the treasury of world military thought and an impulse capable of creating its new stage. Of particular importance are the new basic foundations of national military thought developed by the author, which enable a new creative breakthrough in military science and the emergence of new effective state practices in the military development of Russia and in the management of the state and the Army. The monograph is not only an unparalleled textbook on the theory of war, but also a textbook on national strategy and philosophy of Russian politics, and even a kind of "instruction" on the practical application of strategic axioms and methods of governing the country. Practically, the modern theory of war by Alexander Vladimirov is a modern theory of state administration. Thus, a new direction of scientific thought has appeared in the field of political sciences, the foundations of a new scientific school of great practical importance have been laid, and Russia can be proud of being its homeland. It seems that the study of the course of the theory of war and the foundations of national strategy should become an obligatory component of professional training in the civil service system of Russia and in the system of professional military education. The monograph is recommended for study as a mandatory course for the training of leaders of the highest state authorities; an independent course of study in educational institutions of higher education; in magistracy (postgraduate) political (political science) and higher management specialties; in the preparation of a political asset in party building.

Fundamentals of the General Theory of War

The modern theory of war confirms the correctness of Orwell's paradoxical conclusion that : "Peace is war."

It is believed that “war” is when “planes bomb, tanks shoot, explosions thunder, soldiers kill each other, troops of the sides, sowing death and destruction, “move the front line” and so on, but today this is all completely different .

modern warfare- like radiation: everyone knows about it, and everyone is afraid of it; but no one feels it, it is not visible and not tangible, and it is as if practically non-existent; but the war goes on, because - people are dying, states are collapsing and peoples are disappearing.

First of all, those states and peoples disappear from the history of mankind, which, even dying in it, stubbornly do not notice or do not want to notice the war being waged against them. That is how the USSR perished, and Russia can still perish.

I consider it my duty to recall the strategic axiom, according to which - "With other equal conditions, a state waging war will always defeat its adversary who is not waging war.

Here are just a few basic provisions of the theory of war.

War and Peace- there are only stages (cycles and rhythms) of the existence of mankind (and powers);

WORLD- there is a way to fulfill the roles shaped by the last war, he forms the potential for change, and this is his work and his “cause”;

WAR- there is a way of structuring, that is, a way of transition to a new model of the architecture of the world and its management, a way of redistributing the old and obtaining (conquering) new places, roles and statuses of states. The war redistributes the roles and statuses of its participants, it realizes the potential for change, redistributes it, and this is its “work” and its “business”.

War is the same natural state of civilization as the world, since it is only a phase of the cycle of its existence, a certain result of the world and the procedure for the formation of its new architecture, changing existing paradigms, roles and resources, including the resources of the global (regional, state) management

War is an eternal, objective and permanent process.

War is a social process characterized by a purposeful struggle of subjects of geopolitics for the approval of their victorious part in new role and status (for confirming the old ones), and for the possibility of their formation of a new picture of the world and its subsequent management.

Proper armed struggle- only an extreme, extremely violent form of war.

The purpose of the world war- not the destruction of the enemy, but the forceful redistribution of the role functions of states.

All goals of the war are exclusively political in nature.

The scale of the war total or limited war) and its severity depend solely on the decisiveness of the political goals of the parties.

War always ends not in peace, but in the victory of one of the parties., while any conflict can be resolved, that is, "removed", since victory in it is optional.

In a modern war, its object is not so much the actual armed or economic components of the state as its national values, since only they make the nation and the state what they are in the history of mankind, their change is the main task of the war.

The main "prize" of the war is the expansion not so much of the geopolitical and economic “resource field”, as the expansion of the complementary (friendly) value area of ​​​​the winner, since only the mutual complementarity of nations (that is, the friendly compatibility of the value bases of their being) gives that benevolent (favorable) internal and external climate of their international (mutual) coexistence, and is the best guarantee against mutual aggression, which, in turn, improves the nation's chances for historical survival, and in the opposite case, worsens them.

In other words, the main "prize" of the war is the national mentality of the defeated side, forcibly changed by the war.

The price of war and victory in it directly depend on our understanding that victory is the salvation of the nation and its future, and defeat is slavery and the death of (at least) Russian civilization.

As a result of the war:

· winners- they will single-handedly manage the whole world (region), that is, all its connections, use all its resources, and build the world architecture they need at will, securing their victory (themselves, in this status and opportunities) for centuries, by creating an appropriate system international law;

· defeated- will be managed by the winners, will become part of the supporting subsystem of the new global governance and will pay with their national interests, resources, territory, historical past, culture and future.

According to the theory of war - war is an eternal form of existence and state of society, which is always resolved by the victory of the stronger and the beginning of the formation of the conditions for the loser to win in new war, which is the motive and prerequisite for development.

Given that, according to the theory of war, the war of civilizations is a war of meanings, in which the winner is not the side that wins space, resources, or even temporarily comes to control the enemy’s country, but the one that captures the future.

The war of meanings and nerves is the war itself, and the basis of geopolitical interactions, the war of forces and means of armed struggle is only part of them.

Thus, today the war is not waged for space and not for resources; today the war is waged for the future of the nation.

The war for the future is a war for:

the very right of a nation to exist in history;

· for its places and role in the world, obtained as a result of victory in the war;

· for the formation of the post-war picture of the world and the participation of the nation in the new system of governance of human society;

· for the right to use the strategic effects of their victory in the war, leading to an improvement in the conditions of national life and the growth of the power of the nation.

We are convinced that geopolitical strategies and technologies are purposefully applied to Russia as new operational means of the world war. Geopolitical technologies - are: system means of global management; a set of coordinated direct and indirect actions of various scales used by a geopolitical aggressor against its geopolitical adversary in order to eliminate him as a rival and an equal subject of planetary geopolitical interactions, up to the complete disintegration of his statehood.

The main principle of their implementation is a direct and open layered expansion, by which the United States sows disbelief in the world in the possibility of an alternative to their eternal leadership.

The conducted studies show that the main technologies of peacetime warfare are: the strategy of "organized chaos"; technology of "terror", "freedom and human rights" and other geopolitical technologies.

An important conclusion of the study is the assertion that a state that does not know about these strategies and technologies and does not recognize the signs of their use against itself is doomed to defeat.

Obviously, in addition to the “military”, the scientific foundations contained in the general theory of national strategy formulated by the author have a general methodological significance.

Theory of National Strategy, is based on the well-known thesis that all (and any) purposeful human activity (the activity of the individual, society and the state) is based on their needs and interests.

These needs and interests can be summarized as follows:

· The main need of a person (humanity) is Life(basic biological context);

· and his main interest is a decent life(basic social context).

The following fundamental conclusion follows from this: the entire social life of a person should be aimed at the realization of these main needs and interests of a person (individual, society and state), which are the main goal of being, and, therefore, the basis of social goal setting.

With regard to the state as the main providing social system, this thesis has the form of a categorical imperative for its functioning.

This categorical imperative, in the form of a sum of national goals, is formulated in the National State Idea of ​​Russia, which, in turn, are achieved by the implementation of its National Strategy.

The national strategy simultaneously acts as a theory, practice and art of government (to achieve national goals) and as a system of private strategies (including as a sum of technologies), that is, strategies pursuing the most important strategic goals within the framework of a common strategic plan.

It relies on its own theoretical and categorical base, and has its own methodology for practical application. .

National Strategy- there is a purposeful activity of the state to manage the existence of the nation, in accordance with the conscious and chosen by the nation Way, which ensures the unconditional preservation and development of Russia as a state, superethnos and civilization, it must be conceived, planned and implemented on the scale of decades, centuries, eras and continents.

It defines and implements a set of strategic (basic) goals, directions of existence and actions of the state, ensuring its civilizational survival and development, as well as the security, development and well-being of the country's population.

The national strategy is determined by the philosophy of the existence of the nation (its national state idea), operates with large political, economic and social blocs, is carried out in the internal and external spheres of the existence of the state and manifests itself (including) in the field and through the system of strategic relations of states.

The National Strategy should pursue such goals that would follow from the National State Idea of ​​Russia, and, in themselves, would serve as a motivation for the constructive activity of the state, peoples and nations to achieve them.

The main thing in the Strategy is its Purpose and “the height of strategic motives”, which, by definition, must be moral and personify the common sense of the nation.

The strategic goal of the state- there is an intended result of the actions of a state on a strategic scale, the achievement of which leads to radical positive changes in the quality (and international status) of the state itself and creates the prerequisites for successful (safe) national development, it is achieved by conducting a system of internal and external strategic actions.

All of the above makes it possible to formulate certain ontological and methodological theses in the field of forming the basic foundations of Russia's national strategy.

The main components of the general scientific methodological structure of the national strategy of Russia, are:

A. The ideological internal foundations of the National Strategy, which are based on the National State Idea of ​​Russia.

B. Military Foundations of the National Strategy of Russia, which make up the General Theory of War as part of the cycle of planetary existence.

B. General scientific foundations of the National Strategy of Russia contained in the General Theory of National Strategy.

D. External civilizational foundations of the National Strategy of Russia, which are based on civilizational, geopolitical and ethnogenetic approaches to the analysis of strategic planetary interactions.

It seems necessary to formulate the main methodological conclusion from the strategic assessment of the situation, stated in the form

Strategic axiom:

· Russia's national strategy should be;

· The national strategy of Russia should be unified, since the national strategy of peacetime is the basis of the national strategy of the state carried out by it in wartime, since the strategy of war is only a continuation of the strategy of peace. The strategy should automatically include all the necessary calculations, structures and mechanisms of various states of power;

· The national strategy of Russia should be continuous, always provide and create conditions for the continuous development and achievement of the basic goals of the nation in its changing existence;

The main task of the current policy is to professionally, accurately and timely build and organize the activities of all institutions of the state and society in such a way that the results of their activities successfully solve the problems of Russia's existence, in accordance with the goals and directions indicated by its national strategy.

Conclusions on the first part

1. Assessment of the strategic planetary situation in the "Peace - War" paradigm allows us to conclude that today Russia is in a state of war. At the same time, all the main geopolitical players - the West-USA, China and the Muslim world are already at war, both with each other and all together against Russia.

The main goal of their war with Russia is the resources of planetary development available in its spaces.

The main reason for the war of these geopolitical subjects against Russia is its obvious state and military weakness, as well as its strategic failure.

2. Since the world is in a state of permanent war, therefore - the presented "general theory of wars" is correct methodological basis formation of the national strategy of Russia.

3. "Peace" and "war" are qualitatively different states of society, and, therefore, they have (should have by definition) different goal-setting, different coordinate systems of being and different algorithms for the functioning of the state.

4. The continuity of war reveals the categorical imperative of the predominance of the military mobilization component of the development of the state and mobilization-regulating state practices .

5. These conclusions are the most important today, since it is known that a state of war implies: strategic planning; all types of mobilization (economic, resource, etc.) tensions; tough public administration, that is, a special mode of functioning of state power, which implies a rigid executive vertical, a special legal field for the activities of all subjects of the state and society, as well as personal responsibility of the leaders of both state and public structures and citizens for their own actions; the presence (possibility) of non-economic coercion, restriction of consumption and freedoms, and so on.

6. Geopolitical technologies, as new operational means of war, are capable of solving independent tasks at the strategic level and achieving strategic goals. For example, to deprive the state, chosen as the object of influence, of national sovereignty.

7. The best strategy for Russia can be - expansion into the world of our civilizational beginnings and the formation of its own geopolitical project.

8. When forming the national strategy of Russia, one must keep in mind the following: the only strategic goal of the state is exclusively and only - the survival of the state and our special Russian civilization in general, and on this path the authorities should not have doubts about the completeness of the measures taken to solve this problem .

9. The lack of development of the national, actually civilian national (state) strategy of Russia, understood as the theory, practice and art of government, and its conceptual apparatus, inevitably leads to the impossibility of its conscious and professional application in the real political life of the nation and state, which negatively affects all spheres of their existence.

Vladimirov A. Monograph “Conceptual foundations of Russia's national strategy.

Political aspect”, M.: “NAUKA” RAS, 2007, p. 28

An illustration of the correctness of the thesis can serve as the US National Security Doctrine of 1992, which stated: "... our strategy should be to prevent the emergence of any potential future global rival." The New York Times, March 8, 1992

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1 candidate of political sciences, author of the fundamental work "Fundamentals of the General Theory of War" 1, retired major general Fundamentals of the general theory of war and the foundations of a new geopolitical ethics I. A few axioms from the general theory of war that everyone should know Modern warfare is not when tanks fire and artillery, air strikes and rocket troops, and the soldiers of the parties to the war move the front line to victory. War is modern, it's like radiation, you don't feel it, but you're gone. Thus, peoples and states quietly disappear from the history of mankind. An example of this is the USSR, a huge empire with a powerful army and nuclear weapons disappeared and no one fired. 1. The existence of Mankind proceeds in the paradigm (basic scheme) of two main (basic) natural states: WAR and PEACE, and there is no third one. "WAR" and "PEACE" are only the stages (cycles and rhythms) of the existence of mankind and society at any level. "Peace" is a way of fulfilling the roles of the subjects of society, formed by the last war, it forms the potential for change. War realizes the potential for change, creates and redistributes new roles and statuses of its participants. 2. There is a war going on in the world, it is permanent (continuous) and universal. Armed struggle is only one of the forms (phases) of war. This means that during the war it is too late to prepare for war, you have to fight. Therefore, the main motive, principle and law of modern life is “If you want peace, fight!”. 3. The goal of the war is not the destruction of the enemy, but the forceful redistribution of the role functions of the subjects of society (for example, states) in favor of a strong one capable of forming their own model of post-war management of society, as well as fully enjoying the strategic effects of their victory 4. The main prize of war is not resources, not territory and not power on it, but a new changed national mentality of the defeated nation, always complementary to the winner, which ensures him the victory of his Meaning, and hence the victory of his future. 5. The war is waged by the parties to the war, each of which pursues its own goals. In a war, there can only be a victory of one of the parties and there are no compromises that are possible only in conflicts. 6. Wars always end not in peace, but in the victory of one of the parties and the conclusion of peace on the terms of the victorious side. Winner: forms the post-war picture of the world; 1 Vladimirov A.I. Fundamentals of the general theory of war: monograph: in 2 hours Part I: Fundamentals of the theory of war. 967 p. / A.I. Vladimirov. - M.: Moscow Financial and Industrial University "Synergy",

2 draws up the results of his victory in international and national law, according to the Law of the Law of Victory; dictates to the vanquished its conditions for the organization of the post-war world; enjoys the strategic effects of his victory in the war, that is, uncontrollably uses all the resources of the vanquished. 7. Who is our enemy? It seems to us that the main enemy of Russia, even its enemy, is radical liberalism and the states that embody it and the military-political structure of NATO, including political chimeras such as Ukraine, as well as the forces of the internal fifth column; radical political Islam and the states that personify it, non-state formations and chimera states (ISIS), as well as the internal forces of its support. II. General outline of the modern strategic landscape The current moment in the history of mankind is the process of formation of a new architecture of the world that has already begun. The new architecture of the world is formed and acquires its new fundamental forms and outlines only by violence, that is, only by war (remember Talleyrand: "Violence is the midwife of history"). In this regard, it is necessary to state a modern objective reality: war is inevitable; it is impossible to avoid war; the war is already on; a war can only end in the victory of one of the parties to the war; the war will end with the conclusion of peace on the terms of the winner, who will build a new architecture of the world and, exclusively in his own interests, a system for managing it; Russia is a party to the war; Russia cannot rely on the mind and conscience of its geopolitical rivals (opponents and enemies); in this war, Russia has no allies, but only, as always, its Army and Navy. Moreover, the main theater of war is our own consciousness, and the most advanced weapons of war are not nuclear weapons or computer viruses, but human consciousness and psychology, and anthropological flows. The validity of what has been said can be observed daily on the example of the flows of refugees from Syria and Africa to Europe and their behavior, as well as on the quality of its national elites, on the "freaks" in power in Ukraine, Poland, the Baltic states, etc. The general strategic situation is deteriorating every day, there are no chances and options for a peaceful outcome or a peaceful course of the process of this new “world breakdown”. III. War as a War of Meanings We are convinced that a future war, regardless of its physical scale and even theaters of war, will have a civilizational character, which will inevitably give it the level of a war of meanings. It seems to us that the war of meanings is a war for the victory of one or another system of meanings of the civilizational level, which is waged by states, nations and other parts of the human society, identifying themselves with one or another sum of their basic moral values ​​and, on this basis, classifying themselves as one or another another civilization. An important factor of this provision is the obvious mutual non-complimentarity of these civilizations, which determines a new level of the conflict basis of the wars of the future. 2

3 In the context of the “theory of war”, the meaning of national existence acts as a resource for which there is a struggle, which must be protected and protected, because meanings are what forms the national mentality and makes the nation what it is in the history of mankind. Meanings are the cores of national culture, which are not always clear and not always verbalized, but which are manifested in the process of communication styles and forms of interaction familiar to a given culture. When the styles of interaction traditional for a given culture are destroyed, their ability to understand the meanings of their culture is lost, and when the very meanings and interactions of people are destroyed, their life turns into nonsense. The concept of "meaning" shows yet another meaning when considered in the context of the theory of war. In this case, we are talking about the "war of meanings" as a confrontation of meanings, in our plan - the meanings of national existence. The war of meanings is the process of erasing and removing historical authentic national values ​​and meanings from the way of life of the nation, from the bosom of its national culture and replacing them with other alien values ​​and meanings, which leads to a change in the way of existence of the nation and a change in its historical genetic code. If such an operation ends in success, then meanings, national culture, and, in the future, the nation itself perish. We are convinced that, according to the General Theory of War, the meaning of the national existence of Russia is determined by its national genetics, i.e., its historical Mission in the world, a set of its historical national values ​​shaped by the valuable choices of the nation throughout the history of its existence. *** In terms of the Fundamentals of the General Theory of War, the Ninth Postulate defines war in its highest form as a war of meanings, and its Main Goal as the capture (conquest) of the future. The highest form of war is the war of civilizations, it is the war of the Meanings of their existence. In the war of meanings, it is not the side that wins space, resources or even comes to control that wins, but the one that captures the future. IV. The foundations of a new geopolitical ethics In the most general and thesis form, this new geopolitical ethics, understood by us as a kind of synthesis of the rules of being, as a code of mutual behavior and relations between powers and nations, based on a new moral universal message and as an agenda for the 21st century, can be set out in a few principles of peaceful and constructive coexistence. Foundations of the New Geopolitical Ethics Blessed Augustine in the 4th c. AD formulated, as it seems to us, the basic and absolute principles of the ethics of the coexistence of peoples and in general the existence of all members of human society: "In the main unity, in secondary diversity, in all love." In addition to these axioms and in relation to modernity, the basic methodological thesis of geoethics can sound like this: the world is one for all, therefore the geopolitical confrontation between the Powers, "centers of power", Land and Sea, West and East, North and South should be removed by the concept of "Humanity", its purpose, common goal survival and development as a biological species, the general tasks of its well-being, successful story and eternity. The aim of the new geoethics is: 3

4 transformation of the geopolitics of the struggle for dominance and domination into the geopolitics of cooperation, joint survival and development, as a joint civilizational effort of great and small, maritime and continental powers, different civilizations. The basis of the new geopolitical ethics of nations should be the fundamental foundations of human existence, which have proven their truth in human history, based on: Respect for Life as such, as the basis of humanism; The moral consensus of all civilizations and great religions of mankind; The main principle of medical ethics (Hippocratic oath): "Do no harm!"; Russian idea of ​​"Justice"; Chinese philosophy "Harmony"; German idea of ​​"Order and legality"; On the principle of respect for other life and foreign sovereignty: "Live and let live!". On the law of "cooperation and mutual co-action"; On the priorities of the duties of people and their societies (families, peoples, states and societies); On the new international law, written on the basis of the new geopolitical ethics (since all modern international law is written only and exclusively in the interests of the US Federal Reserve System); On the voluntary rejection of the "Strategy of domination and domination" ("A power that pursues a policy of domination inevitably suffers defeat and a national catastrophe") 2. These foundations determine the new rules for the life of states and nations. 1. When there is strength, one must be wise so that, even when helping, one does not accidentally harm others and does not “overstrain” oneself; when there is no strength, one must be especially patient and persistent. 2. You cannot impose your values, ideology and way of life on others by force. 3. You need to know, respect each other and be able to negotiate. 4. Try to avoid conflicts of interest, and when this is not possible, then negotiate again, try to harmonize them as much as possible and resolve conflicts on the basis of mutually acceptable compromises. 5. Do not be guided by double standards. 6. Do not dramatize disagreements, but explain and translate them into a field of understanding. 7. Do not oppose oneself to partners, even when there are real opportunities and conditions for imposing one's will. 8. Do not look for one-sided benefits in relationships. 9. Do not form or support mutual antipathies. 10. Do not produce conflicts. 11. Treat issues that affect the historical specifics of the internal sovereignty of partners with particular caution. 12. Limit your own "hawks", the thirst for profit and the greed of your own corporations. 13. Share your abilities to solve common problems. This list goes on and on. The main thing depends only on the mutual good political will, patience and determination of nations that have realized the historical necessity of a new geopolitical existence, to which, in our opinion, there is no reasonable alternative. 2 Dashichev V. I. from Stalin to Putin. Memories and reflections on the past, present and future. / Dashichev V.I.M.: NewChronograph, P.90 4

5 It seems to us that in the world of people, not so much laws, including “international law”, but these ethical principles of existence should become determining in their relations. If we do not follow these rules, then the "struggle for peace" can destroy us all. This means that we must take concrete steps to counteract the fatal consequences of unlimited superpower rivalry, and build our actions in such a way as to try to coexist without prejudice to our own interests and authority, as well as the interests and authority of a partner. The most important statements of the strategic plan 1. It is impossible to win a war by war. 2. Only ethics can win a war. 3. Russia cannot defeat its opponents, that is, the combined West (USA), China and radical Islam, with its military force. 4. In the ongoing war of the Meanings, one can only win with one's own Meaning, that is (including) the new geopolitical ethics that Russia is obliged to formulate and offer to the world. 5. New geoethics should be proposed by Russia as the basis for the formation of a new picture and architecture of the world - the world as a set of equally respected worlds, and not centers of power. 6. The construction of a new world must be accompanied and preceded by new principles of its existence, that is, a new geopolitical ethics. 7. Russian should formulate a new geopolitical ethics Orthodox Church. 8. Representatives can offer a new geopolitical ethics to the world civil society Russia and Germany. Together we must: develop a new ethic, discuss and convince the rest of the world to accept it; hold the necessary conferences in Berlin and Moscow; convene the Parliamentary Conference of the States that signed the Charter of Paris in 1990 (21 states signed the Charter) as the best document adopted in the history of mankind; adopt an Appeal to the peoples of the world and the UN; to make the new ethics the basis for the peaceful coexistence of powers and peoples; it is necessary to make any attempts of forceful domination and interference in the life of other peoples ethically unacceptable and morally impossible, and their initiators unshakeable outcasts of humanity. The new paradigm of the existence of mankind depends only on the mutual good political will of nations that have realized the historical necessity of a new geopolitical existence, to which, in our opinion, there is no reasonable alternative. Without this, Russia and humanity will not have a successful or even simply historical future. The apocalypse of mankind will be generated by the mutual enmity of peoples. The non-occurrence of the Apocalypse is possible only in a new moral atmosphere of human existence, which will give him his new ethics. *** In the ongoing war, Russia can win: By a feat of spirit and an example of the feat of its own internal improvement; Truth of Meanings, thoughts and actions; A series of obvious, visible and convincing successes in the development of one's own being; Being driven by the national strategy of spirit and morality; 5

6 Being led by national leaders and service people, prepared to serve the Fatherland from childhood, in the system of cadet education in Russia. 6

Alexander Vladimirov President of the Collegium of Military Experts of Russia, member of the Council for National Strategy, senior researcher at the Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, candidate of political sciences, graduate of the Moscow SVU, author of the fundamental

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