How to spell the Eurasian Economic Union. Eurasian Economic Union of the Republic of Armenia, the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic and the Russian Federation

The Customs Union is an organization that has legal personality obtained in accordance with the agreement on the economic union of the states of Eurasia. The document was signed on May 29, 2014.

Members Customs Union

The creation of the Union is aimed at ensuring the solution of the following issues:

To help coordinate, harmonize, develop a unified policy regarding all sectors of the economy.
Ensure the free movement of both labor and finance, services, goods.

The following countries are currently members of the Customs Union:

Russia,
Kyrgyzstan,
Kazakhstan,
Armenia,
Belarus.

Tunisia, Syria and Turkey also stated that they intend to join the CU. But so far, these countries have not taken any concrete steps for this.

The evolution of the process will help to better understand the prerequisites and goals of creating a TS.

The first treaty, which became the basis for the creation of the Union, was signed by Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia in 1995. Later, the agreement was signed by representatives of Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Kyrgyzstan.
2007 Russia, Kazakhstan and Belarus signed the following agreement. It said that the listed countries agreed to build a Customs Union with a single customs territory.
year 2009. The previously signed document was supplemented by many additional international treaties, there were more than forty of them. In addition, it was decided that from the first days of 2010 a single customs area is being formed. It will include the territory of Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan.
2010 A common code was adopted for the listed states. At the same time, a single tariff begins to operate.
In 2011, the removal of customs control between the countries of the Union. It was moved to the outer borders.
From 2011 to 2013. Development and adoption of common legislative norms for the CU countries. In addition, the development of a unified law on product safety was carried out.
In 2014, the CU was replenished with one more country, Armenia, and the following year, Kyrgyzstan becomes a member of the Union.

In other words, integration processes were developed throughout the period. As a result, general norms of legislation and customs tariffs should be developed so that it would be possible to carry out trade operations with those states that were not included in the CU.

The main goal pursued by the powers that signed the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union is to strengthen economic ties. First of all, the strengthening of ties was implied between the participating countries, and then with those states that were part of Soviet Union. And also the task is to restore the technological and economic chains that once existed. But this will have to happen taking into account what the economic and political situation of each state will be at the current moment.

Who controls the EEC?

The following structures coordinate and manage the work of the EAEU bodies:

Higher Eurasian ES. This is the name given to the supranational body. It consists of the heads of countries that have become members of the CU. The meeting of the Supreme Council takes place annually. It makes the next decisions that must be implemented by all participating countries. In addition, the council is engaged in determining the composition and powers of various structures of the CU.
Eurasian Commission on Economics. This is the regulatory body of the Union, which works constantly. In addition to general issues, the commission also decides those related to customs regulation and international trade. It also develops and provides conditions for the development of the vehicle and its normal operation.

The powers of the commission are quite extensive, it is authorized to resolve almost all issues:

Technical regulation.
Customs administration.
Trade statistics.
Procurement.
Monetary policy.
macroeconomic policy.
Concerning transportation, transport.
Subsidies for agricultural or industrial enterprises.
financial markets.
Migration policy.
Trade regime with third countries.
Competition policy, energy.
Copyright Compliance.
Measures regarding sanitary/veterinary norms.
Natural monopoly and other areas.

Governing bodies of the Eurasian Economic Union

In addition, the duties of the commission include ensuring the implementation of the international treaties included in the legal basis of the Union.

The Commission is competent to approve documents and make decisions that the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union will be required to comply with.

TC goals and their implementation

The first goal of the CU concerned issues related to the expansion of markets where the members of the Union could sell the goods and services they produce. So that first of all it is within it that sales grow.

For this, the following was suggested:

Cancel internal customs payments. Thanks to this, the price attractiveness of products produced by the member countries of the Union could increase.
Cancel customs control and paperwork for the movement of products. This helped speed up the circulation of goods within the Union.
To accept General requirements on veterinary safety standards and sanitary and epidemiological issues. It was proposed to obtain this on the basis of the results of joint tests.

In order to unify the approach to safety and quality, the participating countries signed an agreement that all products offered for sale must have a certificate. Its form was specified in one of the documents of the Customs Union.

This agreement contains more than 30 regulations. All of them relate to the quality of services / goods and their safety. Moreover, a certificate issued by one country - a member of the Union, remains valid in other states that are its members.

The following objectives of the TS:

Create all conditions so that the member countries of the Union can, first of all, sell their own products.
Protect the domestic market of the vehicle.

Unfortunately, no mutual understanding has been reached between the states on the above points. Each of them has its own priorities regarding the development of production and intends, first of all, to protect its own interests, and not to take care of the production of its neighbors. Because of this, both importing enterprises and the population suffer.

The Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) is an international integration economic association(union), the agreement on the creation of which was signed on May 29, 2014 and comes into force on January 1, 2015. The union included Russia, Kazakhstan and Belarus. The EAEU was created on the basis of the Customs Union of the Eurasian Economic Community (EurAsEC) to strengthen the economies of the participating countries and "rapprochement with each other", to modernize and increase the competitiveness of the participating countries in the world market. The EAEU member states plan to continue economic integration in the coming years.

The history of the creation of the Eurasian Economic Union

In 1995, the presidents of Belarus, Kazakhstan, Russia and later the acceding states - Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan signed the first agreements on the creation of the Customs Union. Based on these agreements, the Eurasian Economic Community (EurAsEC) was created in 2000.

On October 6, 2007 in Dushanbe (Tajikistan) Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia signed an agreement on the creation of a single customs territory and the Customs Union Commission as a single permanent governing body of the Customs Union.

The Eurasian Customs Union or the Customs Union of Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia was born on January 1, 2010. The customs union was launched as a first step towards the formation of a broader European Union type of economic union of the former Soviet republics.

The establishment of the Eurasian Customs Union was guaranteed by 3 different treaties signed in 1995, 1999 and 2007. The first treaty in 1995 guaranteed its creation, the second in 1999 guaranteed its formation, and the third in 2007 announced the creation of a single customs territory and the formation of a customs union.

Access of products to the territory of the Customs Union was provided after checking these products for compliance with the requirements of the technical regulations of the Customs Union, which are applicable to these products. As of December 2012, 31 Technical Regulations of the Customs Union have been developed, which cover various types of products, some of which have already entered into force, and some will enter into force before 2015. Some technical regulations are yet to be developed.

Before as Technical regulations entered into force, the following rules were the basis for access to the market of the member countries of the Customs Union:

1. National certificate - for product access to the market of the country where this certificate was issued.

2. Certificate of the Customs Union - a certificate issued in accordance with the "List of products subject to mandatory assessment (confirmation) of conformity within the framework of the Customs Union", - such a certificate is valid in all three member countries of the Customs Union.

Since November 19, 2011, the member states have implemented the work of the joint commission (Eurasian Economic Commission) to strengthen closer economic ties to create the Eurasian Economic Union by 2015.

On January 1, 2012, the three states formed the Common Economic Space to promote further economic integration. All three countries have ratified the basic package of 17 agreements governing the launch of the Common Economic Space (CES).

May 29, 2014 in Astana (Kazakhstan) signed an agreement on the establishment of the Eurasian Economic Union.

On January 1, 2015, the EAEU began to function as part of Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan. On January 2, 2015, Armenia became a member of the EAEU. Kyrgyzstan announced its intention to participate in the EAEU.

Economy of the Eurasian Economic Union

The macroeconomic effect of the integration of Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan into the EAEU is created by:

Reducing the prices of goods, due to a decrease in the cost of transporting raw materials or exporting finished products.

Stimulation of "healthy" competition in the common market of the EAEU due to an equal level of economic development.

Increasing competition in the common market of the Customs Union member countries due to the entry of new countries into the market.

Average increase wages by reducing costs and increasing productivity.

Increasing production due to increased demand for goods.

Increasing the well-being of the peoples of the EAEU countries, due to lower food prices and an increase in employment.

Increasing the payback of new technologies and products due to the increased market size.

At the same time, the signed version of the agreement on the creation of the EAEU was of a compromise nature, and therefore a number of planned measures were not implemented in full. In particular, the Eurasian Economic Commission (EEC) and the Eurasian Economic Court have not received broad powers to control compliance with the agreements. If the EEC regulations are not followed, controversial issue considers the Eurasian Economic Court, whose decisions are only advisory in nature, and finally the issue is resolved at the level of the Council of Heads of State. Besides, topical issues on the creation of a single financial regulator, on the policy in the field of energy trade, as well as on the problem of the existence of exemptions and restrictions in trade between the EAEU participants were postponed until 2025 or indefinitely.

Characteristics of the EAEU countries (as of 2014)

Countries	Population, million people	Size of real GDP, billion US dollars	Size of GDP per capita, thousand US dollars	Inflation, %	Unemployment rate, %	Trade balance, USD billion
Russia	142.5	2057.0	14.4	7.8	5.2	189.8
Belarus	9.6	77.2	8.0	18.3	0.7	-2.6
Kazakhstan	17.9	225.6	12.6	6.6	5.0	36.7

Source - CIA World Factbook

Governing bodies of the Eurasian Economic Union

The governing bodies of the EAEU are the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council and the Eurasian Economic Commission.

The Supreme Eurasian Economic Council is the supreme supranational body of the EAEU. The council includes heads of state and government. The Supreme Council meets at the level of heads of state at least once a year, at the level of heads of government - at least twice a year. Decisions are made by consensus. Decisions made become mandatory in all participating States. The Council determines the composition and powers of other regulatory structures.

The Eurasian Economic Commission (EEC) is one permanent regulatory body (supranational governing body) in the EAEU. The main task of the EEC is to provide conditions for the development and functioning of the EAEU, as well as the development of initiatives for economic integration within the EAEU.

The powers of the Eurasian Economic Commission are defined in Article 3 of the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Commission dated November 18, 2010. All rights and functions of the previously existing Commission of the Customs Union have been delegated to the Eurasian Economic Commission.

Within the competence of the Commission:

customs tariffs and non-tariff regulation;
customs administration;
technical regulation;
sanitary, veterinary and phytosanitary measures;
enrollment and distribution of import customs duties;
establishment of trade regimes with third countries;
statistics of foreign and domestic trade;
macroeconomic policy;
competition policy;
industrial and agricultural subsidies;
energy policy;
natural monopolies;
state and municipal purchases;
domestic service trade and investment;
transport and transportation;
monetary policy;
intellectual property and copyright;
migration policy;
financial markets (banking, insurance, currency and stock markets);
and some other areas.

The Commission ensures the implementation of international treaties that make up the legal framework of the Eurasian Economic Union.

The Commission is also the depository of international treaties that formed the legal basis of the CU and CES, and now the EAEU, as well as decisions of the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council.

Within its competence, the Commission adopts non-binding documents, such as recommendations, and can also make decisions that are binding in the EAEU member countries.

The budget of the Commission is made up of the contributions of the Member States and is approved by the Heads of the EAEU Member States.

Possible new members of the Eurasian Economic Union

The main contenders for joining the EAEU are Armenia and Kyrgyzstan. In July 2014, news broke that Armenia would sign an agreement on joining the Eurasian Economic Union before September 10, 2014. There is information that negotiations between Armenia and the founding countries of the EAEU and the Eurasian Economic Commission have been completed. The agreement on the accession of Armenia to the EAEU is in the governments of Russia, Kazakhstan and Belarus, where it is undergoing the necessary bureaucratic stages, and after the decision of the governments, the question of the place where the presidents of Armenia and the EAEU countries will meet to sign the agreement will be raised.

It is also reported that Kyrgyzstan may soon join the EAEU member countries. However, no specific deadlines have been set for this country's accession to the EAEU so far (previously, the date was announced - until the end of 2014). In addition, the population of the country, apparently, is not particularly eager to join the EAEU. This conclusion can be drawn based on civic activity in collecting signatures for a petition in support of Kyrgyzstan's accession to the Customs Union and the EAEU. To date, only 38 people have signed the petition.

Russians are also suspicious of Kyrgyzstan's possible accession to the Eurasian Economic Union. This is evidenced by the results of a survey conducted All-Russian Center study of public opinion (VTsIOM). According to researchers, only 20% of those polled were in favor of joining the union of Kyrgyzstan, the same number of votes for Moldova. The most desirable country that the Russians would like to see as allies turned out to be Armenia. 45% of respondents voted for it.

Azerbaijan and Moldova are waiting for every fifth person in the EAEU (23% and 20% respectively). Only 17% of survey participants are in favor of joining the EAEU of Uzbekistan, while Tajikistan and Georgia - 14% each. Respondents spoke least of all in favor of attracting Ukraine to the Eurasian Economic Union - 10%. And 13% of respondents believe that the EAEU should not be expanded yet.

Poll of public opinion in the CIS regarding integration

Since 2012, the Eurasian Development Bank (established in Russia and Kazakhstan) has been conducting a regular survey of the opinions of residents of individual states regarding Eurasian integration projects. The following question was asked to residents individual countries: “Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia united in the Customs Union, which freed trade between the three countries from duties, and created the Common Economic Space (in fact, the single market of the three countries). How do you feel about this decision?

The results of the answers "profitable" and "very profitable" are given below:

As can be seen, the idea of creating the Customs Union and the Eurasian Economic Union as a whole is approved and looks “beneficial” in the eyes of the majority of the population of almost everyone, with the exception of Azerbaijan, the CIS countries and even Georgia.

Meanwhile, the US in its foreign policy oppose the Customs Union and the EAEU, arguing that this is an attempt to restore Russian dominance in the post-Soviet space and create a union like the USSR.

The Customs Union, EAEU, is an agreement adopted by the members of the Eurasian Economic Union, the purpose of which is the abolition of customs duties in trade relations. Based on these agreements, common ways implementation economic activity. Let's find out which countries made the list in 2019.

The Customs Union of the Eurasian Economic Union or the Customs Union of the EAEU is the customs union of the member countries of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). Prior to the creation of the EAEU in 2015, it was a customs union of only three countries (Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan) from among the member countries of the Eurasian Economic Community - and thus was a Customs Union based on the Eurasian Economic Community, membership in which was optional for member countries EurAsEC. With the creation of the EAEU (unlike its predecessor, the EurAsEC), the common customs union became an integral integral part EAEU, and all EAEU member countries are automatically included in the Customs Union from the moment they join the EAEU. At the same time, the member countries of the Customs Union applied (before the formation of the EAEU on January 1, 2015) and continue to apply uniform customs tariffs and other regulatory measures in trade with third countries.

EAEU in 2019, list of countries

All countries of the customs area of the EAEU apply a single, coordinated approach to customs procedures and goods imported and exported across the borders of the CU. Also, throughout the territory of the Customs Union, equal rights citizens of the participating countries in employment.

Members of the Customs Union are currently members of the EAEU:

Republic of Armenia;
Republic of Belarus;
The Republic of Kazakhstan;
Republic of Kyrgyzstan;
Russian Federation.

Syria and Tunisia announced their intention to join the CU, and a proposal was made to admit Turkey to the Union. However, nothing is known about specific actions to implement these intentions.

EAEU-2019, who governs

One of the important goals of the Customs Union is the joint protection of the internal market of the Customs Union, as well as the creation of favorable conditions for the production and sale, first of all, of domestic products of the member countries of the Union. At this point, the program of mutual understanding between the states turned out to be somewhat less than in matters of mutual trade. Each country had its own priorities in the development of production, while protecting the interests of neighbors sometimes had a bad effect on importing enterprises and the population.

The governing and coordination bodies in the EAEU are:

The Supreme Eurasian Economic Council is a supranational body consisting of the heads of states of the EAEU members;
The Eurasian Economic Commission (EEC) is a permanent regulatory body of the EAEU. The competence of the EEC includes, among other things, issues of international trade and customs regulation.

It would be fair to say that the Customs Union is one of the stages of the plan to strengthen economic ties between certain states in the territory former USSR. In a certain sense, this can be seen as the restoration of once existing economic and technological chains, taking into account new, political and economic realities.

An important aspect of the activities of the EAEU has become the system of centralized distribution of customs duties paid when crossing the borders of the Common Economic Space.

Russia accounts for 85.33% of the total;
Kazakhstan receives - 7.11%;
Belarus - 4.55%;
Kyrgyzstan - 1.9%;
Armenia - 1.11%.

In addition, the CU has a mechanism for the coordinated collection and distribution of indirect taxes. Thus, in its current state, the Customs Union is a way of economic integration of the states that are members of the EAEU.

Official information about the Customs Union can be obtained from the website of the Eurasian Economic Union - eurasiancommission.org.

Information integration and IT projects

Story

* 2019: Pensions for labor migrants

In June 2019, it became known that Russia would start paying pensions to labor migrants from the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union - Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.

The decision is being prepared as part of an agreement on pension provision within the union.

According to the document, which was prepared in March and must be ratified by the EAEU member countries by the end of 2019, the country in which the migrant worked and made contributions to the pension fund will pay him a pension after returning to his homeland.

The new measures will help restore the influx of labor migrants, which last year collapsed to a minimum in the entire post-Soviet history and no longer covers the natural decline in the population.

2018: China and the EAEU signed an agreement on trade and economic cooperation

An agreement on trade and economic cooperation between the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) and China was signed in May 2018 during the Astana Economic Forum, which takes place on Thursday in the capital of Kazakhstan, RIA Novosti correspondent reports.

According to the EEC press service, the EAEU and China have been negotiating an agreement on trade and economic cooperation over the past two years. Agreements have been reached on large-scale and sectoral cooperation. The agreement sets a high standard for regulation in various fields including protection and protection of intellectual property rights.

Earlier, the Minister of National Economy of Kazakhstan, Timur Suleimenov, said that "the agreement is non-preferential and does not provide for the abolition of duties or the automatic reduction of non-tariff barriers."

2017: Plan for linking transport routes with the Silk Road Belt

As Adamkul Zhunusov noted in 2017, cooperation between the EAEU countries and the People's Republic of China opens up huge opportunities for the development of economic ties, trade, and the creation of new transport routes between Europe and Asia, which will significantly increase economic potential. A significant synergistic effect is expected from the implementation of a joint project with China to link the EAEU and the Silk Road Economic Belt.

Part of the infrastructure projects will be financed at the expense of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank and the Silk Road Fund. As a first step, the Chinese side invited the states along the Silk Road to form a list of pilot projects, taking into account common interests. Such a list of 39 projects has already been prepared by a specially created working group and approved by the ministers of transport of the member states of the Union, Zhunusov recalled. Among the most significant joint initiatives, he noted the construction of new roads within the framework of the international transport route Europe - Western China with a length of 8,445 km, the high-speed highway Moscow - Kazan with a length of 770 km (as part of the Moscow - Beijing high-speed railway), the China - Kyrgyzstan - Uzbekistan railway as a southern branches of the continental bridge of Eurasia, which opens access to the markets of Western Asia and the countries of the Middle East. The EEC Minister made a special emphasis on the implementation of the “Armenia-Iran Southern Railway” project, which connects the existing railway system of Armenia with Iran. For a substantive discussion of these projects, it was decided to invite the Minister of Transport of China Li Xiaopeng to the next Meeting of Ministers of Transport of the Union Member States in December 2017, said Adamkul Zhunusov.

2015: Formation of an alliance

2014: Signing of documents on the creation of the EAEU

On May 29, 2014, in Astana, the presidents of Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan signed documents on the creation of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) in 2015. The Treaty was concluded with the aim of ensuring economic progress through joint action aimed at meeting the common challenges facing Member States for sustainable economic development, comprehensive modernization and strengthening of competitiveness national economies within the global economy.

The management system will be similar to the one that has been in force since 2012 after the transformation of the Customs Union into the Common Economic Space (CES). Members of the Board of the Eurasian Economic Commission (EEC) and its Chairman Viktor Khristenko will retain their positions. The agreement completes the five-year stage of the formation of the union, which began in 2009 with the creation of the Customs Union, Andrey Slepnev, Minister of Trade of the EEC, explains: the union will become an independent entity international law.

Single market for goods and services

The three countries are agreeing on the creation of a single market for goods and services, although it will not fully operate until 2025 - single markets for gas and oil must be created. The trade policy of the EAEU will not change: uniform customs regulation and tariff, free movement of goods. The norms for the distribution of income from import duties will not change: Russia will receive 87.97%, Kazakhstan 7.33%, Belarus 4.7%.

The agreement spells out the mechanisms for protecting the market from imports. Seasonal duties can be set for up to 6 months, protective, anti-dumping and countervailing measures can be applied.

“In critical circumstances,” the EAEU Commission may impose retroactive anti-dumping duties for 200 days until the completion of the investigation. While the anti-dumping investigation is underway, there is a risk that importers will bring in a year's supply of goods, and this damage must be prevented. This is a WTO-sanctioned instrument,” says Slepnev.

Severstal CEO Alexei Mordashov asked Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev about the possibility of introducing such duties back in 2013. Without this, protective investigations are meaningless, he explained.

Single regime for investment

It is planned to unify the regime for investments in the countries of the union. Investors will have the right to compensate at the expense of the state the damage to their investments as a result of unrest, wars and revolutions. On the one hand, the nationalization of private assets is prohibited, on the other hand, the investment protection annex describes a compensation mechanism: it must be market-based, paid quickly, and interest may be charged for delay.

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RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF PEOPLE'S ECONOMY ANDCIVIL SERVICE UNDER THE PRESIDENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

HIGH SCHOOL OF CORPORATE MANAGEMENT

Bachelor's program

Direction 100700.62 "Trading"

ESSAY

Topic: « The History of the Creation of the Eurasian Economic Union»

Completed by: Vanyushina A.A.

Checked by: Romanova M.E.

Moscow - 2015

Introduction

1. History of the creation of the Eurasian Economic Union

2. Governing bodies of the Eurasian Economic Union

3. Functions of the Eurasian Economic Union

4. Organizational structure Eurasian Economic Union

5. Prospective integration agenda of the EAEU with non-CIS countries

Bibliography

Introduction

The Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) is an international integration economic association (union), the agreement on the establishment of which was signed on May 29, 2014 and comes into force on January 1, 2015. The member states of the Eurasian Economic Union are the Republic of Armenia, the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic and the Russian Federation.

The idea of forming the Eurasian Union of States was first put forward by the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Nursultan Nazarbayev, on March 29, 1994, during a speech in the Moscow state university them. M.V. Lomonosov. It was based on a large-scale project developed by the Kazakh leader to integrate new independent states on a qualitatively new, pragmatic and mutually beneficial economic basis. The innovation was to create a new integration structure along with the further improvement of the Commonwealth of Independent States, the purpose of which would be the formation of a coordinated economic policy and the adoption of joint strategic development programs. Integration in the Eurasian Union was ensured, according to the project, by a clearer and more detailed institutional structure of the new integration association and a sufficient amount of its regulatory powers in key sectors of the economy, as well as in political, defense, legal, environmental, cultural, and educational spheres.

The Eurasian Economic Union is the most ambitious and, at the same time, the most realistic, based on clearly calculated economic advantages and mutual benefits, integration project in modern Eurasia. This is quality new level economic interaction between neighboring states, opening up broad prospects for economic growth, forming new competitive advantages for the “integration trio” and additional features in today's global world.

1. History of creation

Before the Technical Regulations entered into force, the following rules were the basis for access to the market of the member countries of the Customs Union:

1. National certificate - for product access to the market of the country where this certificate was issued.

May 29, 2014 in Astana (Kazakhstan) signed an agreement on the establishment of the Eurasian Economic Union.

On January 1, 2015, the EAEU began to function as part of Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan. Since January 2, 2015, Armenia and Kyrgyzstan have become members of the EAEU.

2. Governing bodies of the Eurasian Economic Union

The governing bodies of the EAEU are the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council and the Eurasian Economic Commission.

The Supreme Eurasian Economic Council is the supreme supranational body of the EAEU. The council includes heads of state and government. The Supreme Council meets at the level of heads of state at least once a year, at the level of heads of government - at least twice a year. Decisions are made by consensus. The adopted decisions become binding for implementation in all participating States. The Council determines the composition and powers of other regulatory structures.

Within the competence of the Commission:

· customs tariffs and non-tariff regulation;

· customs administration;

· technical regulation;

sanitary, veterinary and phytosanitary measures;

· enrollment and distribution of import customs duties;

establishment of trade regimes with third countries;

· statistics of foreign and domestic trade;

· macroeconomic policy;

· competition policy;

• industrial and agricultural subsidies;

· energy policy;

natural monopolies;

· state and municipal purchases;

internal trade in services and investment;

transport and transportation;

· monetary policy;

· migration policy;

financial markets (banking, insurance, currency and stock markets);

and some other areas.

The Commission ensures the implementation of international treaties that make up the legal framework of the Eurasian Economic Union.

The Commission is also the depository of international treaties that formed the legal basis of the CU and CES, and now the EAEU, as well as decisions of the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council.

Within its competence, the Commission adopts non-binding documents, such as recommendations, and can also make decisions that are binding in the EAEU member countries.

The budget of the Commission is made up of the contributions of the Member States and is approved by the Heads of the EAEU Member States.

3. FfunctionsEurasian Economic Union

The Eurasian Economic Union is an international organization of regional economic integration with international legal personality and established by the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union, signed by the heads of state of Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia in Astana on May 29, 2014. The EAEU ensures the freedom of movement of goods, services, capital and labor, the conduct of a coordinated, coordinated or unified policy in the sectors of the economy defined by the Treaty and international treaties within the Union. The Union operates on the basis of following principles: - respect for the universally recognized principles of international law, including the principles sovereign equality member states and their territorial integrity; - respect for features political structure Member States; - ensuring mutually beneficial cooperation, equality and consideration of the national interests of the Parties; - observance of the principles of market economy and fair competition;

The functioning of the customs union without exceptions and restrictions after the end of the transitional periods.

The main goals of the Union are:

Creating conditions for sustainable development economies of the member states in the interests of raising the living standards of their population;

Striving for the formation of a single market for goods, services, capital and labor resources within the Union;

Comprehensive modernization, cooperation and increasing the competitiveness of national economies in the global economy.

The Union is vested with competence within the limits and scope established by the Treaty and international treaties within the Union. The Member States shall implement a coordinated or coordinated policy within the limits and volumes established by the Treaty and international treaties within the Union. In other areas of the economy, the Member States strive to implement a coordinated or coordinated policy in accordance with the basic principles and objectives of the Union.

4. Organizational structureEurasian Economic Union

eurasian economic international union

The bodies of the Eurasian Economic Union are:

Supreme Eurasian Economic Council;

Eurasian Intergovernmental Council;

Eurasian Economic Commission;

Court of the Eurasian Economic Union.

Higher Eurasian economic advice(Supreme Council, SEEC) is the supreme body of the Union, consisting of the heads of the member states of the Union. The Supreme Council considers the fundamental issues of the Union's activities, determines the strategy, directions and prospects for the development of integration and makes decisions aimed at realizing the goals of the Union.

Decisions and orders of the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council are adopted by consensus. The decisions of the Supreme Council are subject to execution by the Member States in the manner prescribed by their national legislation. Meetings of the Supreme Council are held at least once a year. Extraordinary meetings of the Supreme Council may be convened at the initiative of any of the Member States or the Chairman of the Supreme Council to resolve urgent issues of the Union's activities.

The meetings of the Supreme Council are held under the leadership of the Chairman of the Supreme Council. Members of the Council of the Commission, the Chairman of the Collegium of the Commission and other invited persons may participate in the meetings of the Supreme Council at the invitation of the Chairman of the Supreme Council.

Eurasian intergovernmental advice(Intergovernmental Council) is the organ of the Union, consisting of the heads of government of the Member States. The Intergovernmental Council ensures the implementation and control over the implementation of the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union, international treaties within the Union and decisions of the Supreme Council; considers, at the proposal of the Council of the Commission, issues on which no consensus has been reached; gives instructions to the Commission, and also exercises other powers provided for by the Treaty on the EAEU and international treaties within the Union. Decisions and orders of the Eurasian Intergovernmental Council are adopted by consensus and are subject to execution by the Member States in the manner prescribed by their national legislation. Meetings of the Intergovernmental Council are held as needed, but at least 2 times a year. To resolve urgent issues of the Union's activities, on the initiative of any of the Member States or the Chairman of the Intergovernmental Council, extraordinary meetings of the Intergovernmental Council may be convened.

Eurasian Economic Commission- permanent regulatory body of the Union. The Commission consists of the Council and the Collegium. The Commission adopts decisions of a regulatory nature and binding on the Member States, orders of an organizational and administrative nature, and recommendations that are not binding. Decisions of the Commission are included in the law of the Union and are subject to direct application in the territories of the Member States.

Decisions, orders and recommendations of the Council of the Eurasian Economic Commission are adopted by consensus. Decisions, orders and recommendations of the EEC Board are adopted by a qualified majority (2/3 votes from total number members of the Board) or consensus (on sensitive issues, the list of which is determined by the SEEC).

The commission is located in Moscow.

Court of the Eurasian Economic Union(hereinafter referred to as the Court) is a permanent judicial body of the Eurasian Economic Union, the status, composition, competence and procedure for the functioning and formation of which are determined by the Statute of the Court of the Eurasian Economic Union.

The purpose of the Court's activities is to ensure the uniform application by the Member States and Union bodies of the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union, international treaties within the Union, international treaties of the Union with a third party and decisions of the Union bodies. The Court considers disputes arising from the implementation of the Treaty on the EAEU, international treaties within the Union and (or) decisions of the Union bodies at the request of a Member State or at the request of an economic entity. Based on the results of consideration of disputes at the request of a Member State, the Court issues a decision that is binding on the parties to the dispute. Based on the results of consideration of disputes at the request of an economic entity, the Court issues a decision that is binding on the Commission.

The Court consists of two judges from each Member State, appointed by the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council on the proposal of the Member States for a period of nine years. The Court considers cases as part of the Grand Collegium of the Court, the Collegium of the Court and the Court of Appeal. The EAEU Court is located in Minsk.

5. The prospective integration agenda of the EAEUwith foreign countries

Discussion of the possible integration of Russia as a member of the EAEU with third countries intensified in 2011-2012, when they began to consider the prospects for signing agreements on free trade zones (FTAs) with New Zealand, Vietnam and the ASEAN countries. Later, negotiations began on signing a trade agreement with the European Free Trade Association (Norway, Switzerland, Iceland, Liechtenstein), and in 2014 with Israel. The possibility of creating free trade zones with India and the United States was discussed. Trade and economic integration with the EU has been discussed since the Russia-EU summit in 2005. So far, none of these agreements has been signed, and some negotiations (with Norway, Switzerland, New Zealand, the US, the EU) have either been suspended or have not even begun for political reasons.

Literature

1. Eurasian Economic Union. Questions and answers. Figures and facts. -M., 2014. - 216 p.

2. A. Knobel Eurasian Economic Union: development prospects and possible obstacles.

3. Libman A. (2005). Economic Integration in the Post-Soviet Space: Institutional Aspect // Issues of Economics. No. 3. S. 142--156.

4. Mau V.??A., Kovalev G.??S., Novikov V.??V., Yanovsky K.??E. (2004). Problems of Russia's integration into the single European space ( Scientific works No. 71P). Moscow: Institute for the Economy in Transition.

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