Pavlov's house summary for children. The myth of Sergeant Pavlov

Pavlov's house - by the fall of 1942, the only house that had survived the bombing in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe square named after. January 9. On the night of September 27, he was captured by a reconnaissance group (3 soldiers led by Sergeant Ya.F. Pavlov), the group held him for almost three days. Then reinforcements arrived under the command of Lieutenant I.F. Afanasiev, only 24 fighters. For 58 days, the garrison of Pavlov's house repelled enemy attacks, and on November 24, 1942, as part of the regiment, it went on the offensive ...

From the encyclopedia "The Great Patriotic War"

Her fate should be included in textbooks and encyclopedias. But, alas, you will not find the name of Zinaida Petrovna Selezneva (after Andreeva's husband) there. And without it, the history of the defense of Pavlov's house remains incomplete.

Zina was born in this house on July 11, 1942. It is hard to imagine what our fighters experienced when they looked at a baby swaddled in a footcloth who ended up on the front line. What were they thinking when they heard a child's cry between the explosions of shells. They did not tell anyone about this even after the Victory.

Only the dry result of the battle for the house near the Volga is known, which is still incomprehensible to Western historians: a handful of not very armed fighters (one heavy machine gun, three anti-tank rifles, two mortars and seven machine guns) held back the onslaught of enemy infantry, tanks and aircraft for almost two months !..

For a long time it was not possible to smuggle the mother and baby across the Volga, the house was under round-the-clock dense fire. The girl with her mother and several other women lived in the basement almost until the end of October.

The story of Zinaida Petrovna Andreeva, which I wrote back in 1990, did not find a place on the newspaper page at that time, only a few lines came out. Perhaps he seemed too ordinary in the editorial office ...

Zinaida Petrovna Selezneva (Andreeva) tells:

My grandfather and grandmother lived in this house. They had a service room there - they worked as janitors. And when the bombing started, my mother ran to them. My father was taken to the defense of Stalingrad back in the spring, he was a worker at Red October. His name was Pyotr Pavlovich Seleznev. He didn't see me. So he died, not knowing that I was born ... There were no doctors, my mother's sisters helped in childbirth. The soldiers gave footcloths for diapers. The dysentery was terrible, and as soon as I was born, I began to die. They had already dug a grave for me in the earthen floor, and when they were digging, they came across an icon-medallion. As soon as it was shaken off the ground, I returned to life. But in this house there were still older children - five, six, seven years old ... Then we were transported across the Volga, and in 1943 we returned to the city. Mom went to the factory, lived in a dugout. Only in 1949 did they receive a room with a shared room. I remember the destroyed Stalingrad. I was about seven years old, my girlfriend went to music, and I went with her, I loved to carry her music folder. We lived very poorly, and I was so happy with this folder. Everything is destroyed, and we go to a music school.

After the eighth grade, she went to work, at the same time she studied at an evening school. He was elected secretary of the Komsomol committee. The first of those who defended our house, after the war, was Ivan Filippovich Afanasyev, lieutenant, commander of the garrison. Moreover, he remained blind after being wounded. He had two children, they lived very poorly, but he wanted to help us with something. I was eighteen years old, I studied at a technical school. Ivan Filippovich came to us with a stick, and my mother said: "We have guests ..."

Then Voronov, Ramazanov, Zhukov and Turgunov found out our address and began to send parcels. They all called me daughter. Turgunov sent me a certificate, in the village council he assured me that I was really born in Pavlov's house. This was for the benefit. Last letter here from him. He did not recognize periods, commas, but everything is clear anyway.

"Hello dear daughter Petrovna! First of all, let me greet you and your family, my warm, sincere, fiery greetings; Goodbye hugs and kisses with respect to you, your dear respected father. April 15, 1992 ... "

The last defender of the Pavlov House, Kamoljon Turgunov, died in March 2015 at the age of 92. 14 of his children, 62 grandchildren and 85 great-grandchildren live in Uzbekistan.

Saying goodbye to Zinaida Andreeva, I suddenly saw a photograph of Yuri Vizbor in her room. "Do you love Vizbor?" I rejoiced. “If it weren’t for him,” Zinaida Petrovna sighed, “my mother and I would still huddle in a communal apartment for a long time. Yuri came to Volgograd on a business trip from the audio magazine Krugozor. It seems he was preparing a report. We had a very short conversation, but he guessed how we live. He didn’t tell us anything, but he went to the regional committee himself. A month later we received a one-room apartment ... "

Yuri Vizbor

STALINGRAD MEDAL

Stalingrad medal, simple medal.
There are higher than this award.
But this steel shines with something special,
Circle of war - medal of Stalingrad.

Still to be through mud and ice
Pass half of Europe through bullets, shells.
But it shines already in the forty-third year
The star of victory is the medal of Stalingrad. From heaven it rains, then a cheerful snowball,

And life goes on, imagine how it should be.
I silently take this white circle
And silently kiss the medal of Stalingrad.
Drops of blood fell on the lush green grass.

Two colors converged, the steppe became world
crossroads.
No wonder the two great colors of this medal -
Green field with a thin red stripe.

Pavlov's house in Volgograd. Photo from www.wikipedia.org

It just so happened that during the year a private (by the standards of war) object of defense and its defenders became the object of attention of two creative teams at once. Directed by Sergei Ursulyak, he staged a wonderful multi-part television film "Life and Fate" based on the novel of the same name by Vasily Grossman. Its premiere took place in October 2012. And in February of this year, a television film is shown on the Kultura TV channel. As for the blockbuster "Stalingrad" by Fyodor Bondarchuk, which was released last fall, this is a completely different creation, with a different concept and approach. About his artistic merits and fidelity to historical truth (or rather, the absence of such) is hardly worth spreading. Enough has been said about this, including in a very sensible publication “Stalingrad without Stalingrad” (“NVO” No. 37, 10/11/13).

Grossman's novel, his television version, and Bondarchuk's film show the events that took place in one of the strongholds of the city's defense - albeit to a different extent, albeit not directly. But literature and cinema are one thing, and life is another. Or rather, history.

FORTRESS TO THE ENEMY DOES NOT SURRENDER

In September 1942, fierce battles broke out in the streets and squares of the central and northern parts of Stalingrad. “The fight in the city is a special fight. It is not strength that decides the issue, but skill, dexterity, resourcefulness and surprise. City buildings, like breakwaters, cut battle formations advancing enemy and directed his forces along the streets. Therefore, we firmly held on to especially strong buildings, created in them a few garrisons capable of conducting all-round defense in the event of an encirclement. Especially strong buildings helped us create strongholds, from which the defenders of the city mowed down the advancing fascists with machine guns and machine guns, ”general Vasily Chuikov, commander of the legendary 62nd Army, later noted.

Unparalleled in world history in terms of scale and ferocity, the Battle of Stalingrad, which became a turning point in the course of the entire Second World War, ended victoriously on February 2, 1943. But street fighting continued in Stalingrad until the end of the battle on the banks of the Volga.

One of the strongholds, the importance of which the Commander-62 spoke about, was the legendary Pavlov's House. Its end wall overlooked January 9 Square (later Lenin Square). The 42nd Regiment of the 13th Guards rifle division, which joined the 62nd Army in September 1942 (commander General Alexander Rodimtsev). House occupied important place in the defense system of the Rodimtsev guardsmen on the outskirts of the Volga. It was a four-story brick building. However, he had a very important tactical advantage: from there he controlled the entire surrounding area. It was possible to observe and fire at the part of the city occupied by that time by the enemy: up to 1 km to the west, and even more to the north and south. But the main thing is that from here the paths of a possible breakthrough of the Germans to the Volga were visible: it was within easy reach. Intense fighting here continued for more than two months.

The tactical significance of the house was correctly assessed by the commander of the 42nd Guards Rifle Regiment, Colonel Ivan Yelin. He ordered the commander of the 3rd Infantry Battalion, Captain Alexei Zhukov, to seize the house and turn it into a stronghold. On September 20, 1942, the fighters of the squad, led by Sergeant Yakov Pavlov, made their way there. And on the third day, reinforcements arrived: a machine-gun platoon of Lieutenant Ivan Afanasyev (seven people with one heavy machine gun), a group of armor-piercers of senior sergeant Andrey Sobgaida (six people with three anti-tank rifles), four mortarmen with two mortars under the command of Lieutenant Alexei Chernyshenko and three machine gunners. Lieutenant Ivan Afanasiev was appointed commander of this group.

The Nazis almost all the time conducted massive artillery and mortar shelling around the house, attacked it from the air, and continuously attacked it. But the garrison of the "fortress" - this is how Pavlov's house was marked on the headquarters map of the commander of the 6th German army, Paulus - skillfully prepared him for all-round defense. The soldiers fired from different places through loopholes pierced in bricked up windows and holes in the walls. When the enemy tried to approach the building, he was met by dense machine-gun fire from all firing points. The garrison steadfastly repelled enemy attacks and inflicted significant losses on the Nazis. And most importantly, in operational and tactical terms, the defenders of the house did not allow the enemy to break through to the Volga in this area.

At the same time, Lieutenants Afanasiev, Chernyshenko and Sergeant Pavlov established fire cooperation with strongholds in neighboring buildings - in the house that was defended by the soldiers of Lieutenant Nikolai Zabolotny, and in the mill building, where the command post of the 42nd Infantry Regiment was located. The interaction was facilitated by the fact that an observation post was equipped on the third floor of Pavlov's house, which the Nazis could not suppress. “A small group, defending one house, destroyed more enemy soldiers than the Nazis lost during the capture of Paris,” said Army Commander-62 Vasily Chuikov.

INTERNATIONAL SQUAD

DEFENDERS

Pavlov's house was defended by fighters different nationalities- Russians Pavlov, Alexandrov and Afanasiev, Ukrainians Sobgaida and Glushchenko, Georgians Mosiashvili and Stepanoshvili, Uzbek Turganov, Kazakh Murzaev, Abkhaz Sukhba, Tajik Turdyev, Tatar Romazanov. According to official figures - 24 fighters. But in reality - up to 30. Someone dropped out due to injury, someone died, but they got a replacement. One way or another, Sergeant Pavlov (he was born on October 17, 1917 in Valdai, Novgorod region) celebrated his 25th birthday in the walls of “his” house along with his fighting friends. True, nothing is written about this anywhere, and Yakov Fedotovich himself and his fighting friends preferred to remain silent on this score.

As a result of continuous shelling, the building was seriously damaged. One end wall was almost completely destroyed. In order to avoid losses from blockages, part of the firepower, by order of the regiment commander, was moved outside the building. But the defenders of the House of Sergeant Pavlov, the House of Lieutenant Zabolotny and the mill, turned into strongholds, continued to steadfastly hold the line, despite the fierce attacks of the enemy.

It is impossible not to ask: how fellow soldiers of Sergeant Pavlov not only managed to survive in fiery hell, but also to defend effectively? Firstly, not only Lieutenant Afanasiev, but also Sergeant Pavlov were experienced fighters. Yakov Pavlov has been in the Red Army since 1938, and this is a solid period. Before Stalingrad, he was the commander of the machine-gun squad, gunner. So he does not need experience. Secondly, the reserve positions they equipped helped a lot. There was a cemented fuel depot in front of the house; underground passage. And about 30 meters from the house there was a water tunnel hatch, to which an underground passage was also made. Ammunition and meager supplies of food came to the defenders of the house through it.

During shelling, everyone, except for observers and outposts, descended into shelters. Including those in the basements civilians who, for various reasons, could not be evacuated immediately. The shelling stopped, and the entire small garrison was again in their positions in the house, again firing at the enemy.

For 58 days and nights the garrison of the house held the defense. The fighters left it on November 24, when the regiment, along with other units, launched a counteroffensive. All of them were awarded government awards. And Sergeant Pavlov was awarded the title of Hero Soviet Union. True, after the war - by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of June 27, 1945 - after he had joined the party by that time.

For the sake of historical truth, we note that most time, the defense of the outpost house was led by Lieutenant Afanasyev. But he was not awarded the title of Hero. In addition, Ivan Filippovich was a man of exceptional modesty and never stuck out his merits. And "above" decided to present to high rank junior commander, who, together with his soldiers, was the first to break through to the house and take up defense there. After the fighting, someone made a corresponding inscription on the wall of the building. She was seen by military leaders, war correspondents. Under the name "Pavlov's House" the object was originally listed in combat reports. One way or another, the building on January 9 Square went down in history as Pavlov's House. Yakov Fedotovich himself, despite being wounded, fought with dignity after Stalingrad - already as an artilleryman. He ended the war on the Oder in the uniform of a foreman. He was later promoted to an officer's rank.

FOLLOWING THE PARTICIPANTS

DEFENSE OF STALINGRAD

Now about 8 thousand participants of the Great Patriotic War remain in the hero city, of which 1200 are direct participants Battle of Stalingrad, as well as 3,420 combat veterans. Yakov Pavlov could rightly be on this list - he could remain in the restored city that he defended. By nature, he was very sociable, many times he met with the inhabitants who survived the war and restored it from the ruins. Yakov Fedotovich lived with the cares and interests of the city on the Volga, participated in events for patriotic education.

The legendary Pavlov's House in the city became the first restored building. And the first was telephoned. Moreover, part of the apartments there were received by those who came to the restoration of Stalingrad from all over the country. Not only Yakov Pavlov, but also other surviving defenders of the house, which went down in history under his name, have always been the dearest guests of the townspeople. In 1980, Yakov Fedotovich was awarded the title of "Honorary Citizen of the Hero City of Volgograd". But...

After demobilization in August 1946, he returned to his native Novgorod region. Was at work in party bodies in the city of Valdai. Received higher education. Three times he was elected a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR from the Novgorod region. Peaceful ones were added to his military awards: the Order of Lenin, the Order of the October Revolution, and medals.

Yakov Fedotovich Pavlov passed away in 1981 - the consequences of front-line wounds affected. But it just so happened that there were many legends and myths around the “House of Sergeant Pavlov” that went down in history and himself. Sometimes their echoes can be heard now. So, for many years the rumor was that Yakov Pavlov did not die at all, but took monastic tonsure and became Archimandrite Kirill. But at the same time, they say, he asked me to convey that he was not alive.

Is it so? The situation was investigated by the staff of the Volgograd State Panorama Museum of the Battle of Stalingrad. And what? Father Kirill in the world really was ... Pavlov. And he really participated in the Battle of Stalingrad. That's just with the name of the problem came out - Ivan. Moreover, Yakov and Ivan Pavlov were sergeants during the battle on the Volga, both ended the war as junior lieutenants. Ivan Pavlov initial period During the war, he served in the Far East, and in October 1941, as part of his unit, he arrived at the Volkhov Front. And then - Stalingrad. In 1942 he was wounded twice. But survived. When the fighting in Stalingrad died down, Ivan accidentally found among the rubble a gospel burnt by fire. He considered this a sign from above, and Ivan's war-scorched heart suggested: keep the volume with you!

In the ranks of the tank corps, Ivan Pavlov fought through Romania, Hungary and Austria. And everywhere with him in a knapsack was a burnt Stalingrad church book. Demobilized in 1946, he went to Moscow. In the Yelokhov Cathedral I asked: how to become a priest? And as it was, military uniform, went to enter the theological seminary. They say that many years later, Archimandrite Kirill was summoned to the military registration and enlistment office of the city of Sergiev Posad near Moscow and asked what to report “upstairs” about the defender of Stalingrad, Sergeant Pavlov. Kirill asked to be told that he was not alive.

But this is not the end of our story. During the search, the employees of the panorama museum (it is located just opposite the Pavlov House, across Sovetskaya Street, and I have been there many times as a student, as I studied at a nearby university) managed to establish the following. Among the participants in the Battle of Stalingrad were three Pavlovs, who became Heroes of the Soviet Union. In addition to Yakov Fedotovich, this is a tankman captain Sergei Mikhailovich Pavlov and an infantryman of the guard senior sergeant Dmitry Ivanovich Pavlov. On the Pavlovs and Afanasievs, as well as on the Ivanovs and Petrovs, Russia is holding on.

Volgograd–Moscow

Know the Soviet people that you are the descendants of fearless warriors!
Know, Soviet people, that the blood of great heroes flows in you,
Those who gave their lives for their Motherland, without thinking about the benefits!
Know and honor the Soviet people the exploits of grandfathers and fathers!

The inconspicuous house of pre-war Stalingrad, which was destined to become one of the symbols of perseverance, heroism, military feat - Pavlov's house.

“... On September 26, a group of scouts of the 42nd Guards Rifle Regiment under the command of Sergeant Ya.F. Pavlov and a platoon of Lieutenant N.E. Zabolotny of the 13th Guards Rifle Division took up defense in 2 residential buildings on January 9 Square. Subsequently, these houses entered the history of the Battle of Stalingrad as "Pavlov's house" and "Zabolotny's house" ... ".

During the days of the Battle of Stalingrad on the square on January 9, the 42nd Guards rifle regiment Colonel I.P. Elina.

The commander of the 3rd battalion, captain A.E. Zhukov was ordered to carry out an operation to capture two residential buildings. For this, two groups were created under the command of Sergeant Pavlov and Lieutenant Zabolotny, who successfully coped with the task assigned to them.

The house, captured by the fighters of Lieutenant Zabolotny, could not withstand the onslaught of the enemy - the advancing German invaders blew up the building together with the Soviet soldiers defending it.

The group of Sergeant Pavlov managed to survive, they stayed in the House of the Regional Consumer Union for three days, after which reinforcements under the command of Lieutenant Afanasyev arrived to help them, delivering ammunition and weapons.

The building of the Regional Consumer Union has become one of the most important strongholds in the defense system of the 42nd Guards Rifle Regiment and the entire 13th Guards Rifle Division ....

Before the war, it was a 4-storey residential building of workers of the regional consumer union. It was considered one of the prestigious houses of Stalingrad: it was surrounded by the elite House of Signalers, the House of NKVD Workers. Specialists from industrial enterprises and party workers lived in Pavlov's house. Pavlov's house was built in such a way that a straight, flat road led from it to the Volga. This fact played an important role during the Battle of Stalingrad.

In mid-September 1942, during the fighting on January 9 Square, Pavlov's house became one of two four-story houses that it was decided to turn into strongholds, since from here it was possible to observe and fire at the part of the city occupied by the enemy to the west up to 1 km, and on north and south are further away. It was for this house that the most fierce battles unfolded.

September 22, 1942 a company of sergeant Yakov Pavlov approached the house and entrenched in it - only four people remained alive at that time. Soon, on the third day, reinforcements arrived: a machine-gun platoon under the command of Lieutenant I.F. Afanasyev, who, as a senior in rank, led the defense of the house. But, nevertheless, for the gunners, the house was named after the person who first entrenched in it. So the house became Pavlov's house.

With the help of sappers, the defense of Pavlov's house was improved - the approaches to it were mined, a trench was dug to communicate with the command located in the Mill building, a telephone with the call sign "Mayak" was installed in the basement of the house. The 25-man garrison held the position for 58 days, repelling endless attacks from vastly superior enemy forces. On the personal map Paulus, this house was marked as a fortress.

“A small group, defending one house, destroyed more enemy soldiers than the Nazis lost during the capture of Paris,” said Army Commander-62 Vasily Chuikov.

Fighters of 10 nationalities defended Pavlov's house - Georgian Masiashvili and Ukrainian Lushchenko, Jew Litzman and Tatar Ramazanov, Abkhaz Sukba and Uzbek Turgunov. So Pavlov's House became a real stronghold of friendship between peoples during the Great Patriotic War. All the heroes were awarded government awards, and Sergeant Ya. F. Pavlov, who was wounded during the storming of the "dairy house", after which he was sent to the hospital, was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

The second house on January 9 Square was occupied by a platoon of Lieutenant N. E. Zabolotny. But at the end of September 1942, German artillery completely destroyed this house, almost the entire platoon and Lieutenant Zabolotny himself died under its ruins.

Pavlov's House:

Defenders of Stalingrad near Pavlov's House

House of Zabolotny:

Yakov Fedotovich Pavlov:

From me.

I consider it important to filter the information from this video material, discarding historical lies aside.

TVC is a Western broadcasting company operating in the Russian telecommunications space. As always, such structures, telling about the exploits of our grandfathers and grandmothers during the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945 will definitely add a spoon "psychological tar" into historical "barrel of honey" heroic battles of the Red Army for our great Soviet Motherland.

Remember that any information, even a feat, emotionally negatively colored, involuntarily leaves a person with a negative aftertaste during perception.

Thus, our psychological enemy gradually convinces us that "The Nazis were people too" and it doesn't matter to them that they considered themselves superhumans and us subhumans, with all the ensuing consequences. and it doesn’t matter to them that there are no cases of atrocities of the Red Army soldiers in history, but the atrocities of the Nazis are known to all mankind and are presented to the Nuremberg Court. Some say that “If Hitler captured us, then we would now drink Bavarian beer and eat Bavarian sausages”, and it doesn’t matter to them that only Belarusians were killed by the Nazis every fourth, which exists, which provides for the disposal (extermination) of extra Slavs and the conversion into slaves of the survivors, "Stalin is the same tyrant and murderer as Hitler", but it doesn’t matter to them that Stalin defended the multinational Soviet people from destruction and enslavement, and it was Hitler who invaded the territory of the USSR, destroying cities, villages, Soviet citizens ... Does anyone know such a case that a Nazi soldier or officer shouting “For Germany! For Hitler! rushed to the embrasure of the Soviet pillbox, covering his body with a machine gun spewing deadly fire, in order to save his colleagues and execute combat mission? When will we stop believing the lies of Western specialists in Psychological Warfare and learn to identify a "spoon of psychological tar" in our historical heroic "barrel of honey"?

After the war, the square on which the Pavlov's House, was named Defense Square. A semicircular colonnade by the architect I.E. Fialko was built near Pavlov's house. It was planned to build a monument to the soldier of Stalingrad in front of the house, but the memory of the soldier's feat was immortalized. In 1965, according to the project of sculptors P.L. Malkov and A.V. Golovanov, on the end wall of the house from the side of the square, a memorial wall-monument was erected in honor of the military feat of the defenders of Stalingrad. The inscription on it reads:

“This house at the end of September 1942 was occupied by Sergeant Pavlov Ya.F. and his comrades Alexandrov A.P., Glushchenko V.S., Chernogolov N.Ya. of the 42nd Guards Rifle Regiment of the 13th Guards Order of Lenin Rifle Division: Alexandrov A.P., Afanasiev I.F., Bondarenko M.S., Voronov I.V., Glushchenko V.S., Gridin T. I., Dovzhenko P. I., Ivashchenko A. I., Kiselev V. M., Mosiashvili N. G., Murzaev T., Pavlov Ya. F., Ramazanov F. 3., Saraev V. K., Svirin I. T., Sobgaida A. A., Torgunov K., Turdyev M., Khait I. Ya., Chernogolov N. Ya., Chernyshchenko A. N., Shapovalov A. E., Yakimenko G. I.

Defenders of Pavlov's house:

Data on the number of defenders range from 24 to 31. (At one time, about 50 people claimed the name of the Unknown Soldier who defended the House of Soldiers' Glory.) There were also more than thirty civilians in the basements, some were seriously injured as a result of the fires that broke out after German artillery attacks and bombardments. Pavlov's house was defended by servicemen of different nationalities:

Among the defenders of the garrison, who were in the building not constantly, but only periodically, it is worth noting the sniper sergeant Chekhov Anatoly Ivanovich and medical instructor Ulyanov Maria Stepanovna, which took up arms during the German attacks.

In the memoirs of A. S. Chuyanov, they still appear in the defenders of the house: Stepanoshvili (Georgian), Sukba (Abkhazian). In his book, the spelling of some surnames is also different: Sabgayda (Ukrainian), Murzuev (Kazakh). -1 -2

Rodimtsev with the heroic garrison "Pavlov's House".

Yakov Fedotovich Pavlov(October 4, 1917 - September 28, 1981) - the hero of the Battle of Stalingrad, the commander of a group of fighters who, in the fall of 1942, defended a four-story residential building on Lenin Square (Pavlov's house) in the center of Stalingrad. This house and its defenders have become a symbol of the heroic defense of the city on the Volga. Hero of the Soviet Union (1945).

Yakov Pavlov was born in the village of Krestovaya, graduated primary school, worked in agriculture. In 1938 he was drafted into the Red Army. He met the Great Patriotic War in combat units in the Kovel region, as part of the troops of the Southwestern Front.

In 1942, Pavlov was sent to the 42nd Guards Rifle Regiment of the 13th Guards Division, General A.I. Rodimtsev. He took part in defensive battles on the outskirts of Stalingrad. In July-August 1942, Senior Sergeant Ya. F. Pavlov was reorganized in the city of Kamyshin, where he was appointed commander of the machine gun section of the 7th company. In September 1942 - in the battles for Stalingrad, he carried out reconnaissance missions.

On the evening of September 27, 1942, Pavlov received a combat mission from the company commander, Lieutenant Naumov, to reconnoiter the situation in a 4-story building overlooking the central square of Stalingrad - January 9th Square. This building occupied an important tactical position. With three fighters (Chernogolov, Glushchenko and Alexandrov), he drove the Germans out of the building and completely captured it. Soon the group received reinforcements, ammunition and telephone communications. Together with the platoon of Lieutenant I. Afanasyev, the number of defenders increased to 26 people. Far from immediately, it was possible to dig a trench and evacuate civilians hiding in the basements of the house.

The Germans constantly attacked the building with artillery and air bombs. But Pavlov avoided heavy losses and for almost two months did not allow the enemy to break through to the Volga.

On November 19, 1942, the troops of the Stalingrad Front launched a counteroffensive. On November 25, during the attack, Pavlov was wounded in the leg, was in the hospital, then was a gunner and commander of the reconnaissance section in the artillery units of the 3rd Ukrainian and 2nd Belorussian fronts, in which he reached Stettin. He was awarded two Orders of the Red Star and many medals.

June 17, 1945 to junior lieutenant Yakov Pavlov was awarded title of Hero of the Soviet Union (medal No. 6775). Pavlov was demobilized from the ranks of the Soviet Army in August 1946.

After demobilization, he worked in the city of Valdai, Novgorod Region, was the third secretary of the district committee, graduated from the Higher Party School under the Central Committee of the CPSU. Three times he was elected a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR from the Novgorod region. After the war, he was also awarded the Order of Lenin, the Order of the October Revolution.

He repeatedly came to Stalingrad (now Volgograd), met with the inhabitants of the city, who survived the war and restored it from ruins. In 1980, Ya. F. Pavlov was awarded the title of "Honorary Citizen of the Hero City of Volgograd."

In Veliky Novgorod, in a boarding school named after him for orphans and children left without parental care, there is a Pavlov Museum (Derevyanitsa microdistrict, Beregovaya Street, 44).

Ya.F. Pavlov was buried on the alley of heroes of the Western cemetery of Veliky Novgorod.

Glushchenko Vasily Sergeevich, corporal, member of the reconnaissance group that captured Pavlov's House.

At the end of October 1942, the squad of Sergeant Yakov Pavlov was ordered to knock out the enemy who had settled there from the four-story House of Specialists and hold the object until reinforcements arrived. There was a daring fight with a clearly outnumbered enemy. Due to the desperate onslaught and courage of a handful of Soviet fighters, the Nazis decided that they were being attacked by a large unit. But the attackers were nothing at all: Sergeant Pavlov, privates Alexandrov, Chernogolov and the Stavropol collective farmer, infantryman Vasily Glushchenko. On the fourth or fifth day, a small reinforcement approached, and the garrison of Pavlov's House, which for 58 days held an unparalleled defense of only one building, went down in history. great battle on the Volga. They stood to the death, the enemy did not manage to knock them out of the fortress house.

After the war, Vasily Glushchenko settled with us in Maryinskaya. On the occasion of the 30th anniversary of the Victory, the Hero of the Soviet Union Yakov Pavlov himself came to the village to meet with him. Some of the old-timers still remember this. They remember how, straightening his mustache with a slight movement, Vasily Sergeevich said:

“There were, however, rarely moments of calm. And then a kind of barking voice was heard from their German shelters:

"Rus, give up."

I give them all the strength in response:

"Don't make a mistake, you fascist bastard! It's not just Russians. If I start listing everyone, you will die without listening.”

Indeed, the defenders of Pavlov's House included representatives of many nationalities. Together with the Russians, Ukrainians, Georgians, Uzbeks, Tajiks, Kazakhs, Jews, and Tatars fought hand in hand. They were hard workers before the war, and in the war, in general, they remained essentially the same workers: they fought as they worked.

Until his death, Glushchenko kept a letter from Marshal Vasily Chuikov, twice Hero of the Soviet Union. The illustrious commander, years after the war, personally greeted and thanked the soldier:

“Dear Vasily Sergeevich, friend on the front, hero of the Stalingrad epic! Your feat is inscribed in golden letters in history. HousePavlova, which you courageously defended for all 58 days, remained an unconquered fortress ... Thank you, soldier and comrade-in-arms.

This year marks the 115th anniversary of the birth of Vasily Glushchenko. In honor of this date, a memorial evening was held at the Maryinsky House of Culture. Lev Sokolov, Chairman of the Council of Veterans of the village, told about the Battle of Stalingrad itself to the audience, among whom there were many students of the village school. And the history teacher and head of the stanitsa museum Alexander Yaroshenko introduced the biography of our heroic countryman.The guests of the meeting saw photographs of Vasily Glushchenko, including front-line ones.

Ivan Filippovich Afanasiev(1916 - August 17, 1975) - lieutenant, veteran of the Great Patriotic War, participant in the Battle of Stalingrad. He led the defense of Pavlov's House.

Born in the village of Voronezhskaya, Ust-Labinsk district Krasnodar Territory. Russian.

October 2, 1942, during street fighting in Stalingrad, lieutenant Ivan Filippovich Afanasiev led the defense of one of the houses, (five days before, the house was occupied by the reconnaissance group of Sergeant Yakov Pavlov. Later this house will become known as Pavlov's House. The defense of the house lasted 58 days.

Despite the continuous attacks of the Nazis and bombing from the air, the garrison of the house held its object until the start of the general offensive of the Soviet troops.

November 4, 1942 Ivan Filippovich Afanasiev led his fighters on the offensive through the area on January 9th. By 11 o'clock, the guards had captured one of the houses on the square, repulsing four enemy attacks. In this battle, Lieutenant Afanasiev was shell-shocked (with loss of hearing and speech) and sent to the hospital. January 17, 1943 in the battle for the factory part of the city, he was again wounded.

By order of the 13th Guards Line Division No.: 17 / n dated: 02/22/1943, the commander of a machine-gun platoon of the 42nd Guards Line Regiment of the 13th Guards Line Division, Lieutenant Afanasyev, was awarded the Order of the Red Star for the fact that in the battles for the city of Stalingrad near the village of Krasny Oktyabr, together with his platoon, he destroyed about 150 enemy soldiers and officers, destroying 18 soldiers with fire from personal weapons, and blocked 4 dugouts, allowing the infantry to conduct a counterattack.

After the Battle of Stalingrad, he took part in the battles on the Orel Kursk Bulge, near Kyiv, Berlin and ended the war in Prague.

By order of the 111th brigade No.: 6 dated: 07/23/1943, the commander of a bullet platoon of a rifle company of the 111th tank brigade of the guard, Lieutenant Afanasyev, was awarded the Order of the Red Star for the fact that, while repelling an enemy counterattack, he destroyed his platoon with machine gun fire up to 3 enemy platoons, personally suppressing one enemy mortar from a machine gun.

By order of the 111th brigade No.: 17 / n dated: 01/15/1944, Lieutenant Afanasyev was awarded the Order of the Red Star for destroying up to 200 enemy soldiers and officers with machine gun fire from his platoon in the battle for Chenovichi station, while Afanasyev himself destroyed about 40 soldiers, replacing a wounded machine gunner.

By order for the 25th Tank Corps: 9 / n dated: 05/09/1944, the party organizer of the battalion of machine gunners of the 111th brigade of the guard, Lieutenant Afanasyev, was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, 2nd degree for selflessness and courage shown in the course of fulfilling his direct duties as a party organizer, directed to maintain the morale of the battalion soldiers.

By order of the ptrb 173 of the 25th Panzer Division, Senior Lieutenant Afanasyev was awarded the medal "For the Liberation of Prague".

By order of the commander of the 25th Panzer Division, Senior Lieutenant Afanasyev was awarded the medal "For the Capture of Berlin".

By order of the 230th AZSP of the 53rd Army of the 2nd Ukrainian Front No.: 3/1074 dated: 10/07/1946, Senior Lieutenant Afanasiev was awarded the medal "For the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945."

As a result of a shell shock received during the war in 1951, Ivan Afanasiev lost his sight, which was partially restored after operations.

Afanasiev settled in Stalingrad after the war. Despite problems with his eyesight, he managed to write his memoirs, as well as correspond with other defenders of the Pavlov House.

On October 15, 1967, at the opening of the monument of the ensemble on Mamayev Kurgan, together with Konstantin Nedorubov, he accompanied a torch with eternal flame from the Square of Fallen Fighters to Mamayev Kurgan. And in 1970, together with Konstantin Nedorubov and Vasily Zaitsev, he laid a capsule with a message to posterity (which will be opened on May 9, 2045, on the centenary of the Victory).

Died Ivan Filippovich Afanasiev August 17, 1975, and was buried in the central cemetery of Volgograd. However, in his will he indicated that he would like to rest with other fighters on Mamaev Kurgan. In 2013, he was reburied at the memorial cemetery of Mamaev Kurgan. There is a memorial plaque on his grave.

Chernyshenko Alexey Nikiforovich member of the defense of Pavlov's House and commanded the department of mortars.Junior Lieutenant Chernyshenko Alexei Nikiforovich was born and lived in the village of Shipunovo, Altai Territory, and from there in 1941, at the age of 18, he was drafted into the ranks of the Red Army and went to the front.

Aleksey Nikiforovich Chernyshenko died in 1942 a heroic death in one of the battles for Stalingrad and was buried in a mass grave in the city of Stalingrad.

Sergeant Khait Idel Yakovlevich was born in the village of Khashchevatoe, Odessa region, in 1914. He was called up to the ranks of the Red Army Gayvoronsky RVC. Red Army soldier, shooter, 273 joint venture, 270 rifle division.

Khait Idel Yakovlevich died heroically on November 25, 1942, on the last 58th day of the defense of the "Pavlov's house" in Stalingrad.

Khait Idel Yakovlevich was buried in a mass grave near the Volga, not far from the Gergart mill, located next to Pavlov's house in the city of Stalingrad.

Red Army soldier of the Red Army Ivan Timofeevich Svirin. The war tore Ivan Timofeevich from peaceful profession. Before the war, he worked on a collective farm with. Mikhailovka, Kharabalinsky district. From there he went to the front. A wife and four children remained at home.

As it becomes clear from the documents, Ivan Timofeevich was a machine gunner in the garrison of Pavlov's House. He, along with everyone else, repulsed enemy attacks, went to the command post of a rifle company with combat reports, equipped positions for firing points, and stood at his post. By age, Ivan Timofeevich was the oldest, then he was 42 years old. He had years of civil war behind him. Often, in between battles, he talked with newcomers, helped them understand much that was happening in the garrison.

In January 1943, he died in the battles for the workers' settlement "Red October". In the Svirins' house, as a memory of her husband and father, books are kept that tell about the heroes of the immortal garrison.

Sobgaida Andrey Alekseevich was born in 1914 in the village of Politotdelskoe, Nikolaevsky district, Stalingrad region. At the age of 27, he went to the front. Behind him were already several months of front-line life, he participated in the battles near Kharkov. He was wounded, was treated in the Kamyshin hospital. Only two days were given to the fighter Sobgaide to visit his family.

In the morning he was already on his way. On the way to the burning Stalingrad. There were fights here for every meter of land, for every house.

Sobgaida Andrei Alekseevich was one of the defenders of Pavlov's house. In one of the defensive Andrey was wounded. Only he did not leave the garrison, he tried to help his comrades. He dug trenches with other fighters from the house to the mill. The last, most fierce attack was repulsed in mid-November. Company commander Naumov was killed, many were wounded, including Pavlov. Attack ahead. Andrey Alekseevich Sobgaida died in one of the offensive battles.

Corporal, armor-piercer Ramazanov Faizrakhman Zulbukarovich, born in 1906. Born in Astrakhan.

Ramazanov Faizrakhman Zulbukarovich, a participant in the Battle of Stalingrad, including the defense of Pavlov's house, liberated Hungary and took Berlin.

He was seriously wounded, but to the evil of all deaths he survived. He was awarded the Order of Military Glory, medals "For Stalingrad", "For Kharkov", "For Balaton" and other awards.

From Pavlov's House, one of the best snipers 13th Guards Sergeant Anatoly Ivanovich Chekhov, which destroyed more than 200 Nazis.

General Rodimtsev, right on the front line, presented nineteen-year-old Anatoly Chekhov with the Order of the Red Banner.

The Nazis managed to destroy one of the walls of the house. To which the fighters jokingly replied:

“We have three more walls. A house is like a house, only with a little ventilation.”

Gridin Terenty Illarionovich was born on May 15, 1910 in the village of Blizhneosinovsky of the Second Don District of the Don Cossack Region.

In 1933 he graduated from the Nizhne-Chirsky Agricultural College. Worked as an agronomist.

Called to the Red Army on March 24, 1942. Kaganovichi district military registration and enlistment office (now Surovikinsky) and was sent to the Astrakhan military school. After that, he was assigned to the 13th Guards Rifle Division.

After the Red Army soldiers were fixed in Pavlov's house, mortars arrived there with junior lieutenant A.N. Chernyshenko, among them Gridin T.I.

A copy of the book "House of Soldier's Glory" is stored in the funds of the Surovikinsky Museum of Local Lore. title page with which the author made a dedicatory inscription:

“To a fighting friend in the Stalingrad battles T.I. Gridin from the commander and author, May 9, 1971, Afanasiev.

Terenty Illarionovich read the book with a pencil in his hands and underlined the brightest episodes, made notes in the margins. For example:

“I was with mortarmen in the house at a time when the 8th company of the 3rd battalion was also in the building of the military department” (p. 46)

“The entire western end wall of our House of Soldiers' Glory collapsed from the explosion. At this time, our company commander was standing in the basement window. During a strong explosion of a heavy shell, I was shell-shocked, hit my head with rubble and tore off the door to the basement” (p. 54).

“We witnessed how the building of the military department turned into a pile of ruins. During the day, an L-shaped house stood, and in the morning only smoke came out of the ruins” (p. 57).

“Mortar gunners were in the House at the head of senior sergeant Gridin, and at that time they sent us the commander of a platoon of company mortars, Comrade Alexei Chernyshenko, a young Siberian who had just graduated from 10 classes and the command staff school” (p. 60).

December 2, 1942 Gridin T. I. was seriously wounded in right hand and sent to the hospital. After being seriously wounded, he did not take part in hostilities.

After the war, Terenty Illarionovich lived in Surovikino Volgograd region, worked at the plant protection station as an agronomist, kept active correspondence with comrades in arms, came to the city of Volgograd to meet with fellow soldiers.

Died Gridin Terenty Illarionovich April 23, 1987, buried in Surovikino.

Art. sergeant of the Red Army machine-gun crew commander Voronov Ilya Vasilievich. The Stalingrad epic of the machine gunner Voronov began like this. After being seriously wounded on the Don coast in May 1942, Ilya Voronov fought off the doctors as best he could, who tried to send him to recover in the warm rear, away from the battles. In September, from the hospital evacuated to Astrakhan, undertreated soldiers, among whom was twenty-year-old Ilya, went to fight in the burning Stalingrad. Machine gunners were worth their weight in gold, and even such aces as Voronov, who treated thirty-kilogram "maxims" like toys, even more so.

Guards Sergeant Yakov Pavlov, who was instructed by the command of the 3rd Battalion of the 42nd Infantry Regiment of the 13th Guards Division to hold the most important strategic object of access to the Volga - Pavlov's house, asked Voronov for help.

The peasant son Ilya Voronov - about ninety meters tall, with pood fists - could choose the best position for his machine gun to attack, and the most inconspicuous place to dig in and wait out if the combat situation required it. He was not only a machine-gun crew commander, an assistant platoon commander, but also a real ringleader. Voronov taught his machine gunners the song “Forward, we are dashing Stalinists” and he himself was the leader.

“Yasha, if it’s difficult, I’ll be at the mill,” he said to Pavlov before he went to the house.

At that time, the Voronov machine gun was working at the same mill, which still stands in Volgograd as a destroyed reminder of the Battle of Stalingrad.

“Send me Voronov,” Pavlov asked and demanded from his command.

And in the end, the battalion commander called Voronov and ordered:

"You are going to Pavlov's house."

“At first I did not understand: in which house? - Ilya Vasilyevich recalls.

- This house was then officially called the House of Specialists. It turns out that the messenger is “guilty”. Yasha told him:

"Tell Voronov to come to Pavlov's house."

And the messenger to the commanders said:

"To Pavlov's House". That's how it's been since then."

“Well, now you can fight,” Pavlov hugged Voronov, who finally arrived.

Few people know that when the house was in the hands of the Nazis, 34 civilians remained in it and drank grief in full.

Having seized the house, the Germans mocked people: they beat the elderly, raped women. And when Sergeant Pavlov and his comrades kicked out the invaders, they told him so:

"If you leave us here, we will not forgive you."

They could not leave this house after such words! This is tantamount to betrayal. How then to look into the eyes of children who have become almost family. One of the elders, ten-year-old Vanya, brought cartridges, water, and helped bandage the fighters.

And once Voronov went into one of the rooms, and there a naked woman was sitting and wrapping a baby in her dress.

“Why naked? Why are you embarrassing my fighters?" machine gunner Ilya Voronov was surprised.

“I have nothing to swaddle a child with,” the woman replied. "Get dressed, I'm going now," the machine gunner replied.

And he brought new changeable footcloths to the woman for diapers.

After many, many years, that child turned, according to Ilya Vasilyevich, into beautiful woman. She set the table and met the defenders of Pavlov's House in her Volgograd apartment. She knew perfectly well that she was alive because the machine-gunner Voronov, sergeants Pavlov and Ramazanov, and Private Glushchenko gave her mother their rations, while they themselves climbed to the wheat warehouse located between the house and the mill. There were problems with food and ammunition: the command would send 10-12 boats, but only two or three would arrive. So the soldiers chewed the wheat they got under shelling. For water, they made their way to the Volga, overflowing with oil from tanks bombed by the Nazis. Then, through rags and footcloths, the water was filtered six times. She still smelled like kerosene. They drank themselves, and cleaned it for a machine gun.

What the Nazis did to take this house: they fired at it from machine guns, bombed it with planes, and threw grenades at it. And ours, as if from the ashes, rose: they “patched” the broken windows and doorways with bags of earth - and answered. They did not sleep for several days - and therefore the Nazis lost count. They imagined that the house was not a wounded platoon, but almost a regiment.

The moment came when the Nazis could not stand it. "Hey Rus, how many of you are there?" - came from the fascist loudspeaker, which was installed a few meters from Pavlov's house.

“A full battalion and a makeweight,” answered the Pavlovtsy.

When the general offensive began, five people survived in a dilapidated house.

They lasted 58 days! What are the components of heroism? Sergeant Voronov knows them. Here, the Nazis shot a simple Russian girl in the arm and sent her to ours for data on the location of parts, and took her mother hostage. Heroism was made up of fearlessness: when you leaned out of the house almost to the waist and poured fire on the Nazis, revenged yourself for breaking a fragile Russian girl, forcing you to choose at the age of ten: life or Motherland, mother or soldiers-liberators.

This is how the defense of Pavlov's House ended for Voronov.

“Once during a battle in the city center, an enemy grenade fell at my feet,” the veteran said. - I quickly threw it back, but then another one exploded, and I was wounded in the face and stomach. I felt no pain and continued to fight, wiping the blood from my eyes. During the next counterattack of the enemy, I was wounded again, but I was in such an evil passion that, even when the cartridges ran out, I tore out the rings from the grenades with my teeth and threw them towards the Fritz. When a nurse crawled up, while bandaging, she counted more than twenty shrapnel and machine-gun wounds on the body.

He lay in hospital beds for no less than 15 and a half months, underwent dozens of operations. He returned to his native village of Glinka in 1944, and his mother and sisters live in a dugout. It was as if his heart was pinched with ticks: it was necessary to rebuild the village, build a house for the family, and he was on one leg. Harnessed. He worked as a storekeeper, head of a milk farm, a security guard at a grain stock, so much so that others could not keep up even on two legs. Didn't let anyone down.

After the war, Ilya Vasilievich cried only once, in the eighty-first. A telegram came from Nizhny Novgorod from Pavlov's son:

"Dad is dead".

Natalya Alexandrovna is the daughter of the legendary commander of the 13th Guards Rifle Division A.I. Rodimtseva - in her book about the war and about her father she wrote about the Russian soldier Ilya Voronov:

"This man is a diamond of the highest standard."

For three years he has not traveled to the city on the Volga. He was younger - every year he was there. I sat at the same table with Marshal Chuikov, and he repeated:

"If it were not for you, the defenders of the house, it is not yet known how the war would have turned."

Afanasiev I. F., Voronov I. V., Ulyanova M. S.

LADYCHENKO (ULYANOVA) Maria Stepanovna "Chizhik".

"AT ce 58 days of defense of Pavlov's House from the first to last day Masha, an affectionate and skillful nurse, was part of our garrison. And if the enemy was advancing? .. Masha took a machine gun and grenades, stood next to her, fought and shouted:

"Beat, guys, filthy, fascist - the enemy!".

L. I. SAVELYEV "PAVLOV'S HOUSE". Tale-tale about Soldier's glory:

“... the Nazis started another “concert” and now everyone is at the firing points. There is Naumov, who brought the artillerymen to the house ... the medical officer Chizhik - commanders, prudently took her with him when he equipped the expedition for a gun ... everyone was sure that when needed, Chizhik would definitely be there ... Chizhik hurried - the medical instructor Marusya Ulyanova, who provided Dronov with the first help.... But the platoon commander Ivan Filippovich Afanasyev had the most guest-soldiers, ... and Maria Stepanovna Ulyanova-Ladychenko - after all, she also lives in Volgograd. For her front-line friends, she remained so: MARUSYA - CHIZHIK. (S. 136-138, 144, 206).

"STALINGRAD. 1942-1943. Stalingrad battle in documents. Moscow. 1995. P. 412. VGMP funds, folder No. 198, inv. No. 9846, original:

“FROM THE POLITICAL REPORT OF THE 62nd ARMY ON THE INCLUSION OF THE ARMED WORKING TEAM OF STALINGRAD FACTORIES INTO THE ARMY.

... Ulyanova Maria Stepanovna, an employee of the Krasny Oktyabr plant, is considered to be in the 42nd joint venture of the 13th guards. with the best nurse. Under any fire, she coolly performs her duties. She was recently awarded the Medal for Courage...

The head of the political department of the 62nd Army, Brigadier Commissar Vasiliev. TsAMO, f. 48, op. 486, d. 35, l. 319a-321. (S. 321-323. KP).

Ulyanova Maria Stepanovna: Medal for Courage fund 33 inventory 686044 case 1200 l. 2 I am sending a piece of the award order:

"fourteen. Medical instructor of the 3rd rifle battalion of the Guards of the Red Army ULYANOVA Maria Stepanovna for the fact that in the battles for the city of Stalingrad from November 22 to November 26, 1942 she carried 15 wounded soldiers and commanders and 15 rifles from the battlefield and provided first aid to 20 wounded commanders and soldiers. Born in 1919, Russian member of the Komsomol, in the Patriotic War since December 1941, has 2 wounds, in the spacecraft since 1941 ..., has no awards ... ".

Volgograd Regional Committee of the CPSU, Institute Military History MO USSR. "HISTORICAL FEAT OF STALINGRAD". Moscow. 1985. S. 219:

“In the legendary house of Sergeant Ya. F. Pavlov, TOGETHER WITH HIS DEFENDERS FROM THE BEGINNING TO THE END OF THE FIGHTS, Maria ULYANOVA WAS RESIDING, providing medical care many warriors.

The museum of the HISTORY OF THE KIROV DISTRICT has a record about a participant in the Great Patriotic War and the Battle of Stalingrad, a participant in the battles of the legendary garrison of the House of Soldiers' Glory ("Pavlov's House") Ladychenko (Ulyanova) Maria Stepanovna:

“Ulyanova had three combat medals:

- "For courage";

- "For the defense of Stalingrad";

- "For the victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945."

Battle path Gary Badmaevich Khokholov started in 1941. 1941 - when the war began, Garya worked at a fish cannery:

“... I had armor, and all my comrades went to the front. Well, I think everyone is at war, and I will catch carp?

Before I had time to leave Kalmykia, they turned me back - I didn’t fit for health reasons. On the second attempt, he nevertheless broke through to the front, ”the veteran later recalled.

IN 1 942, as an 18-year-old boy, Garya leaves for the army. Gets into the training battalion of the 139th Infantry Division, located in Astrakhan region(Kharabali). I managed to study for a mortar for 1.5 months. Undergraduate recruits are sent on a 5-day forced march (on foot at night) and young mortar cadets find themselves on the left bank of the Volga.

Meanwhile, fierce battles are going on in the very center of Stalingrad. For more than two months, the fighters of the 42nd regiment of the 13th Guards Division have been holding back the onslaught of the enemy. Stone buildings - the House of Sergeant Y. Pavlov, the House of Lieutenant N. Zabolotny and Mill No. 4 - were turned into strong positions. "Not one step back!"- Following this order and the dictates of the soul, the guards did not want to retreat.

Pavlov's House or, as many today call it, the House of Soldier's Glory, had a favorable, dominant position in this area (the territory occupied by the enemy was well shot through). That is why the commander of the 42nd Guards Rifle Regiment I.P. Yelin orders the commander of the 3rd Infantry Battalion, Captain A.E. Zhukov to seize the house and turn it into a stronghold. Warriors of the 7th rifle company, commanded by senior lieutenant I.P., were sent to carry out this task. Naumov. At the end of September 1942, this house was captured by Sergeant Ya.F. Pavlov with his squad (3 fighters).

At the same time:

“On September 20 we crossed the Volga ...” - the entry was made with a simple pencil by the hand of G. Khokholov himself on 1 sheet of a Red Army book.

Reinforcements arrived at the House on the third day of Pavlov's stay with his comrades: a machine-gun platoon of 7 people, led by Lieutenant I.F. Afanasiev, a group of armor-piercers of 6 people under the command of senior sergeant A.A. Subgaida, four mortarmen under the command of Lieutenant A.N. Chernushenko and three machine gunners. I.F. was appointed commander of the group. Afanasiev.

In the book "Guards fought to the death" General A.I. Rodimtsev recalls:

“Jokely, Afanasiev called his assault group an international brigade. If the machine gunners represented only three nationalities - Russians, Ukrainians and Uzbeks, then an even more complex national family represented by armor-piercers of the A.A. Subguides".

It was in this group that G. Khokholov was also listed.This is how Khokholov himself describes his appearance in the battalion.

“On the night of September 20, we crossed on a barge to a burning city. And immediately into battle. Then they stopped. They took us to the basement of a house. An oil lamp burned and by its light they wrote down by name. I spoke Russian poorly, but I still have a Red Army book with the personal signature of commander-7 I.I. Naumov: 13th GSD, 42nd GSP, 3rd GSB, 7th rifle company, date - September 20, 1942. After a short clerical procedure, we were taken further - bullets were already whistling here, rockets were flashing, a front line was felt ... About twenty of us gathered. The platoon commander explained that almost the entire city belongs to the Germans, but we will stay in this house.

From the memoirs of G. Khokholov:

“I remember the endless fascist attacks: german planes, artillery, mortar and machine-gun fire did not subside. The Germans stormed the house several times a day. For the rest of my life I remember the smell of burning, lime dust that corrodes the eyes. And also the piercing autumn wind and burnt wheat, which he chewed to satisfy his hunger.

In the book of Alexander Samsonov "The Battle of Stalingrad" there are lines:

“Often, the famous sniper of the division A.I. came to Pavlov’s House. Chekhov and conducted well-aimed fire at the enemy from the attic.

And Khokholov, in his letter, tells how exactly Chekhov taught him sniper art in a besieged house. Lessons, apparently, were not in vain. Proof of this is an entry in the book of a Red Army soldier, especially dear to a veteran:

“Awarded with the “Excellent Sniper” badge.

The date of delivery - November 7, 1942 - clearly indicates that for the first time Khokholov used his marksmanship skills in defending the house that later became famous.

In one of his last interviews, the veteran said:

“One day the company commander handed me sniper rifle and ordered to shoot at the gas tanks of enemy vehicles and drivers, but not to impersonate. He took up his post in the northwest side of the house. At another observation post, a second soldier was on duty. I extended a wire to him in order to keep the connection in this way. When one of us took a break, the second took aim at the enemy. One of us should have been killed. I live. Unfortunately, I don’t remember the name of that Ukrainian guy.”

The brave Soviet soldiers held out for 58 days and nights. They left the building on November 24, when the regiment launched a counteroffensive.November 21-24 were the most bloody battles in the defense of Stalingrad.Morning of November 25 - attack on the enemy. In the battle, G. Khokholov was wounded, crawling to the shelter. At night, the wounded are taken to the Volga to be transported to the other side. Here is how he himself recalls it:

“The last fight was early in the morning on November 25th. Komroty spent the night with us, explained the task. He was the first to attack - jumped out the window and shouted:

"Follow me, forward!"

The Germans opened heavy mortar fire. A few steps from the house, a machine gun slashed my legs, and I fell like a sheaf. It felt like a lot of us were killed.

We, the wounded, were taken to the Volga. But the crossing did not work - there was broken ice on the river. No one bandaged us, I experienced terrible torment for five days. Thought it was the end. And only in the hospital EG-3638 in the city of Ershov Saratov region I believed in my salvation."

After a hospital in the Saratov city of Ershov, Khokholov falls into the 15th Airborne Division, in which he takes part in the battles on the Kursk Bulge. In the terrible battles on the Kursk Bulge, 8 thousand people fought, of which 400 people survived. Garya Khokholov receives a second wound in these battles. A bomb explodes next to him - he receives severe injuries to both arms and legs. The unconscious soldier is sent by train to the Chita region, to the Trans-Baikal-Petrovsky hospital. And inIn 1943, after treatment with a certificate of the 2nd group of disability on 2 crutches, he returned home to restore the post-war Motherland.

Kamoljon Turgunov was called to the front at the end of 1941, where he mastered the specialty of an anti-tank gunner (armor-piercer). After the Battle of Stalingrad, he took part in the liberation of Ukraine, Belarus, Romania, and Hungary.

I met the victory in the German Magdeburg. Returning home with two wounds, he worked as a tractor driver in his native collective farm in the village of Bardankul, Turakurgan district, Namangan region, where he lived with his family - his wife and 16 children. A documentary is dedicated to him in Uzbekistan « Long road home" filmed by a well-known cinematographer and director Davran Salimov in the country.

On March 17, 2015, the last defender of the Pavlov House, Kamoljon Turgunov, passed away at the age of 92 in Namangan.

Pavlov's house has become a symbol of not only military, but also labor prowess. It is from the restoration of this house - and Pavlov's House became the first home of the restored Stalingrad - the famous Cherkasov movement began to restore the city in his spare time. Women's brigade of builders A.M. Cherkasova restored Pavlov's house immediately after the end of the Battle of Stalingrad, in 1943-44 (the beginning of the restoration is June 9, 1943).

The Cherkasov movement quickly expanded among the masses: by the end of 1943, over 820 Cherkasov brigades worked in Stalingrad, in 1944 - 1192 brigades, in 1945 - 1227 brigades. This is told by the memorial wall-monument, opened on May 4, 1985 on the end wall of the house from the side of Sovetskaya Street. Authors: architect V. E. Maslyaev and sculptor V. G. Fetisov. The inscription on the memorial wall reads:

"In this house, the feat of arms and labor merged".

For those who are unfamiliar with the history of the Great Patriotic War, a standard four-story residential building, standing in the center of the city of Volgograd (formerly Stalingrad) at 39 Sovetskaya Street, will seem like an unremarkable building. However, it was he who became a symbol of the inflexibility and unparalleled courage of the soldiers and officers of the Red Army in the difficult years of the Nazi invasion.

Pavlov's house in Volgograd - history and photos.

Two elite houses, which had four entrances each, were built in Stalingrad according to the project of the architect S. Voloshinov in the mid-30s of the XX century. They were called the House of Sovkontrol and the House of the Regional Consumer Union. Between them was a railway line leading to the mill. The building of the Regional Consumer Union was intended for the families of party workers and engineering and technical specialists of heavy industry enterprises. The house was notable for the fact that a straight wide road led from it to the Volga.

During the Great Patriotic War, the defense of the central part of Stalingrad was led by the 42nd Guards Rifle Regiment under the command of Colonel Yelin. Both Voloshinov buildings were of great strategic importance, so the command instructed Captain Zhukov to organize their capture and set up defensive points there. The assault groups were led by Sergeant Pavlov and Lieutenant Zabolotny. They successfully coped with the task and on September 22, 1942, they entrenched themselves in the captured houses, despite the fact that only 4 people remained in Pavlov's group at that time.

At the end of September, as a result of heavy fire from German artillery, the building defended by Lieutenant Zabolotny was completely destroyed, and all the defenders died under its rubble.

The last bastion of defense remained, headed by Lieutenant Afanasiev, who approached with reinforcements. Sergeant Pavlov Yakov Fedotovich himself was wounded and sent to the rear. Despite the fact that another person commanded the defense of this stronghold, the building was forever called "Pavlov's House", or "House of Soldier's Glory".

The fighters who came to the rescue delivered machine guns, mortars, anti-tank rifles and ammunition, and sappers organized mining of approaches to the building, thus turning a simple residential building into an insurmountable frontier for the enemy. The third floor was used as an observation post, so the enemy was always met by a flurry of fire through the loopholes punched in the walls. Attacks followed one after another, but not once did the Nazis manage to even come close to Pavlov's house in Stalingrad.

A trench led to the building of the Gerhardt mill, in which the command was located. Ammunition and food were delivered to the garrison along it, wounded soldiers were taken out, and a communication line was laid. And today, the ruined mill stands in the city of Volgograd as a sad and eerie giant, reminiscent of those terrible times soaked in the blood of Soviet soldiers.

There is still no exact data on the number of defenders of the house-fortress. It is believed that they numbered from 24 to 31 people. The defense of this building is an example of the friendship of the peoples of the Soviet Union. No matter where the fighters were from, from Georgia or Abkhazia, Ukraine or Uzbekistan, here the Tatar fought alongside the Russian and the Jew. In total, among the defenders were representatives of 11 nationalities. All of them were awarded high military awards, and Sergeant Pavlov was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Among the defenders of the impregnable house was medical instructor Maria Ulyanova, who, during the Nazi attacks, put aside her first-aid kit and picked up a machine gun. A frequent "guest" in the garrison was the sniper Chekhov, who found a convenient position here and smashed the enemy.

The heroic defense of Pavlov's house in Volgograd lasted 58 long days and nights. During this time, the defenders lost only 3 people killed. The death toll from the German side, according to Marshal Chuikov, exceeded the losses received by the enemy during the capture of Paris.

After the liberation of Stalingrad from the Nazi invaders, the restoration of the destroyed city began. One of the first houses that ordinary citizens restored in their free time was the legendary Pavlov's House. Such a voluntary movement arose thanks to a team of builders led by A. M. Cherkasova. The initiative was taken up by other work teams, and by the end of 1945, more than 1,220 repair teams were working in Stalingrad. To perpetuate this labor feat on the wall overlooking Sovetskaya Street, on May 4, 1985, a memorial was opened in the form of the remains of a destroyed brick wall, on which is inscribed "We will rebuild your native Stalingrad." And the inscription of bronze letters, built into the masonry, glorifies both feats Soviet people- military and labor.

After the end of the Second World War, a semicircular colonnade was erected near one of the ends of the house and an obelisk was placed with the image of the collective image of the defender of the city.

And on the wall facing Lenin Square, they fixed a memorial plaque, which lists the names of the soldiers who participated in the defense of this house. Not far from Pavlov's house-fortress is the Museum of the Battle of Stalingrad.

Interesting facts about Pavlov's house in Volgograd:

• On the personal operational map of Colonel Friedrich Paulus, commander of the Wehrmacht troops in the Battle of Stalingrad, Pavlov's impregnable house had symbol"fortress".
• During the defense, about 30 civilians hid in the basement of Pavlov's House, many of whom were injured during constant shelling or were burned due to frequent fires. All of them were gradually evacuated to a safer place.
• On the panorama depicting the defeat of the Nazi group near Stalingrad, there is a model of Pavlov's House.
• Lieutenant Afanasiev, who led the defense, was seriously shell-shocked in early December 1942, but soon returned to duty and was again wounded. He took part in the Battle of Kursk, in the liberation of Kyiv and fought near Berlin. The concussion suffered was not in vain, and in 1951 Afanasyev went blind. At this time, he dictated the text of the later published book "House of Soldier's Glory".
• In early 1980, Yakov Pavlov became an honorary citizen of Volgograd.
• On March 3, 2015, Kamoljon Turgunov, the last of the heroes who defended the impregnable fortress house, died in Uzbekistan.

Zinaida Petrovna Selezneva is a man of amazing fate, the same age as the Battle of Stalingrad. Her life began in the summer of 1942 in the legendary Pavlov House. After the war, the surviving defenders of the House will call her daughter, will gather in her small apartment in Volgograd. Everyone will come, except for the Hero of the Soviet Union Yakov Pavlov.

Rejoicing at the bright Easter day and the first warmth, we slowly descend to the Volga. In 1942, the incomprehensible happened here: having easily traveled thousands of kilometers across Russian soil, the Nazis in Stalingrad could not overcome the last tens of meters to the Volga. And, as Vasily Grossman wrote, “a feeling of superstitious fear seized the enemy: were people going on the attack, were they mortal?” The fact that Soviet soldiers were mortal is reminiscent of the many mass graves throughout Volgograd and on Mamaev Kurgan.

Through the Alley of Heroes, our path leads to the three dancing girls of the Art fountain, a beautiful embankment with snow-white columns in the Stalinist Empire style. The cool breath of the Volga embraces us: it easily and willfully carries its sapphire waters, swinging one and a half kilometers wide. 75 years ago, dark waves boiled here from explosions.
We are escorted to the legendary Pavlov's House by Zinaida Petrovna Selezneva, Chairman public organization"Children of military Stalingrad" - a man whose fate was forever connected with the house-fortress.

In the summer of 1942, the mother of Zinaida Petrovna, Evdokia Grigoryevna Selezneva, was expecting a child and, during one of the first German air raids, ran into the house on the street. Penza, 61 ( future house Pavlova), where her parents had a service room - they worked as janitors. Fortunately, a Ukrainian surgeon named Gomelev was in one of the apartments, and he delivered the baby: on July 16, Zinochka was born.

At the end of September, Pavlov's House became a fortress on the last frontier of Soviet troops before the Volga - only the Gerhardt Mill separates the building from the river, the eerie ruins of which are preserved to this day as a monument to the war. For 58 days and nights, the soldiers of the 13th Guards Rifle Division of General Rodimtsev held the heroic defense of the house - first the four of Sergeant Pavlov, then they were joined by a detachment of Lieutenant Ivan Afanasyev.

All this time, civilians were hiding in the basement, including tiny Zina and her mother. They miraculously survived - as miraculously, most of the defenders survived and the injured, but not destroyed, Pavlov's House, which became a symbol of the unconquered Stalingrad, survived.

General Rodimtsev after the war will call Zinochka his goddaughter, Ivan Afanasiev and Komaldzhan Turgunov, participants in the defense of the Pavlov House, will consider him their daughter. Veterans will come to her apartment on Nevsky Street - to remember, cry, sing and thank fate for being alive.
Everyone will gather, except for the hero of the Soviet Union, Yakov Filippovich Pavlov.

Miracle of life

- Zinaida Petrovna, what did your mother tell about the defense of Pavlov's House? Were the Germans in the house before the arrival of our soldiers - Sergeant Pavlov and other guardsmen Rodimtsev?

- No, there were no Germans, but we lived like in hell: there was nothing to eat and drink, the remains of water with blood flowed down the pipes. At night, the soldiers made their way along the trench to the Gerhardt mill and brought grain from there along with sand, they made cakes from it ...

Mom, talking about these days, usually cried - her husband, my father Pyotr Pavlovich Seleznev, died in Stalingrad, was buried on Mamaev Kurgan. Dad worked as a folder operator at Red October, but, despite the reservation, he went as a militia to defend his native city ...

During the defense of the house, I fell ill with diphtheria, none of the defenders hoped that I would survive. At some point, it seemed that I had already died, and they began to dig a grave for me - right here, in the basement. Ivan Filippovich, lieutenant Afanasiev, sighed: “Adults are dying, and this is a child ...” Suddenly, the shovel touched metal object- it turned out that this is a small icon of the Mother of God "The Sign". They put her in my "diapers" - soldier's footcloths. And I suddenly began to come to life ... This medallion still hangs over my bed.
And when we were leaving, Nikolai Ugodnik probably saved us - with his icon we crossed the Volga. We reached the river at night on foot. And then my mother said: “Our barge is sailing - the German shoots: either the shell will not reach, then it will fly over, the waves are overflowing ...”

– The 9th of January Square (the current Lenin Square), on which Pavlov’s house overlooks, was called Nikolskaya before the revolution. On it stood the church of St. Nicholas ...

- Yes. And our icon of St. Nicholas the Pleasant is now kept by my brother Victor.

- How did you meet with the defenders of Pavlov's House after the war?

“Ivan Filippovich Afanasiev tracked me down. During the war he was shell-shocked, then blind, after the war he worked in the Society of the Blind, they knocked down boxes. And it so happened that a man who also worked in the Society of the Blind lived in our house, and he told Afanasyev about us.

And now Ivan Filippovich comes to our house with a boy - and he, a blind man, was led by his son. They found my mother at home, I was in the classroom (after all, I first graduated from a technical school, and then from the Polytechnic Institute). Mom says: “Zina is alive. She is my student. Coming soon". There was joy, of course...

In 1969, our Volgograd professor Vodovozov performed an operation on Ivan Filippovich's eyes, and Afanasiev was able to see. The first place he went was to my house. And he said: “As long as I am alive, you will always walk with me.” And no matter what events were held, no matter who came to us, I was always with him.

- What kind of relationship did the defenders of Pavlov's House have with each other?

- Good ones. Ivan Filippovich found them all, invited them every year on May 9, wrote a book about them - "The House of Soldiers' Glory". Everyone gathered at his house or in my apartment - Turgunov, Voronov, Gridin, 12 people in total.

Uzbek Turgunov, who has 12 children of his own, treated me very warmly, saying: “And you will be my 13th.” He called me daughter, he sent parcels to Volgograd all the time - apricots, dried apricots, nuts. And in 1985 I was invited to shoot the film “The Earth is One for Everyone” by Vera Fedorchenko, and we went to see him in a village in Uzbekistan. We were warmly welcomed there. His wife brought us pilaf every morning.

Turgunov was a very modest man, his family lived in a dugout, then they built a house for him - Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Kozak was busy ... Well, now Turgunov is no longer alive - he, the last of the defenders, died in 2015.

- Did Yakov Pavlov come to Volgograd?

- Yakov Pavlov came to Volgograd, but never met with us. The defenders never talked about Pavlov. I asked: “Ivan Filippovich, he is coming, why doesn’t he meet with you? Okay, I'm nobody. And why not see you?” He says, “There is a reason for this. Let's not talk about this." So he didn't say anything.

- Even during the war, an inscription appeared on the house: “This house was defended by Guards. sergeant Yakov Fedotovich Pavlov”, next to it are four names. Yakov Pavlov himself said that he did not write this. Maybe one of the defenders? They didn't tell?

- No, none of the defenders wrote this. They all wanted the house to be called the "House of Soldiers' Glory", so that there would be no Pavlovs, Afanasievs and others in the name. The defenders often recalled their commander, Captain Aleksey Efimovich Zhukov, about whom no one ever said or wrote anything. After the war, he served in one economic unit, something was missing there, some sheets. And he was condemned as an enemy of the people was expelled from the party, then, however, restored, but his exploits were no longer remembered.

- What is in Pavlov's House today?

- This is an ordinary residential four-story building, in good location, downtown. Now - apparently, for the World Cup - the house is being renovated. In one of the entrances in the basement there is a closed club "Veteran" - veterans meet, share their problems, meet with youth, patriotic events.

On the facade of the house there is a plaque in memory of the captain, battalion commander Alexei Efimovich Zhukov. And a little further, on Sovetskaya Street, there is a memorial plaque in honor of Ivan Afanasyev, where he lived in Volgograd. All this is due to the efforts of the well-known Volgograd journalist and writer, who for many years was engaged in the history of the Pavlov House - Yuri Beledin.

- Did Yuri Beledin tell you something about Yakov Pavlov, whom he met many times?

- He said that Pavlov had a bad attitude towards Ivan Afanasyevich Filippov. And why - in spite of all his knowledge - he did not know. Or didn't speak. Yuri Beledin died in 2014.