How to decline the names of settlements. Rosenthal place names

The question of the admissibility of declension of names ending in - about has long been discussed at various levels, in particular on the Internet. Considering that the toponym "Kupchino" is a bright representative of this kind of toponyms, I certainly could not pass by and not reveal my vision of the issue. Below are a number of articles found on the net with links to sources, in which, in my opinion, this topic is fully reflected.

It seems that the time has come, armed with modern reference books and dictionaries, to finally deal with the forms of declensiongeographical names . We have already published material on this issue in the article "There is hardly another capital like Moscow... " However, we continue to receive questions from our readers.

So, options inflected and indeclinable forms of geographical names.

Let's deal first with toponyms on -ov(o), -yov(o), ev(o), -in(o), -un(o), or, more simply, ending in-O. These are nouns - geographical names such as Sheremetyevo, Domodedovo, Ostankino, Priyutino, Medvedkovo, Abramtsevo, Peredelkino, Tsaritsyno, Pushkino, Kemerovo, Chudovo, Avtovo, Perovo, Komarovo, Murino and others. What is the right way to say: in Kemerovo or in Kemerovo, to Avtovo or to Avtov, from Perov or from Perovo?

place names settlements, stations, cities on-Oin modern Russian, they gradually move into the category of nouns, case-invariant. This is probably due to the fact that in recent decades in colloquial and everyday speech, these toponyms are increasingly used as indeclinable. Reference books of seven to ten years ago strictly required changing these words by case, while modern publications note a trend towardsinclination of geographical names on -O, which is now especially widespread. From oral speech the unchangeable form also penetrated into written sources, in particular into journalism.

The stylistic dictionary of variants by L. K. Graudina, V. A. Itskovich and L. P. Katlinskaya gives such examples of newspaper headlines: "The Tragedy of Kosovo", "From Pushchino to Colorado". Recall that initially indeclinable forms were used only in the professional speech of geographers , military and in a formal business style of speech.

The norm of the use of Russian geographical names on -aboutin an indeclinable form is also registered in the academic "Grammar of the modern Russian literary language" (M., 1970): "AT modern language find a tendency to replenish the group of words of zero declension words - toponyms with endings-ov(o), -ev(o), -ev(o) and -in(o), for example: Ivanovo, Biryulyovo, Knyazevo, Boldino, Lyublino, Golitsyno, etc..".

Perhaps, only the requirements for the declension of the names of settlements, if they are used as generic name applications(city, village, town, etc.) and have options: in the village of Pushkino (with the original form of Pushkino) and in the city of Pushkin (with the original form of Pushkin).

Now - the most important. How is it right after all: in Kemerovo or in Kemerovo, to Avtovo or to Avtov, from Perov or from Perovo?

Currently, both options are in free use - inflected and non-inclined, therefore, both can be considered normative..

However, it should be remembered that there are several cases when toponyms on -aboutare used in immutable form:

· when gender of place name and generic name do not match: in the village of Bosovo, at the Sinevo station, from the village of Likhovo. Here the words are generic names female(village, station, village), but with them the names retain the form of the middle one; another example:on the shore of Lake Kaftino, in the village of Sinyavino, from the port of Vanino- words - geographical names retain the form of the nominative case, while generic names change according to cases;

· when called little-known settlements along with the wordsvillage, settlement, settlement, as a rule, in order to avoid coincidence with the identical name of cities in the masculine gender:in the village of Buyanovo, but in Buyanov; in the village of Pushkino, but in the city of Pushkin;

· when the name is enclosed in quotation marks. In this case, it is acceptable to use it as a non-inflected: the stud farm in "Kashino" was one of the best in the Tver region; near the farm "Golovlevo" launched the construction of a new camp site etc.

For those visitors to the site who found our material far from complete, we recommend that you refer to the reference books:

1. Graudina L. K., Itskovich V. A., Katlinskaya L. P. Grammatical correctness of Russian speech. Stylistic dictionary of variants. M., 2001

2. Rosenthal D. E. Handbook of spelling and style. SPb., 1997

3. Grammar of the modern Russian literary language. M., 1970

Myth No. 1. Geographical names in -ovo, -evo, -ino, -yon do not decline and never declined. Options in Boldin, from Ostankino, in Pulkovo - "Newspeak", illiteracy, spoiling the language.

Question from " Help Desk"GRAMOTY.RU: Recent times the announcers of our television began to decline the names: in Ostankino, in Konkovo, etc. Have we changed the rules of the Russian language or made an indulgence for the announcers so that they do not bother themselves?

Quote from the blog: "It infuriates me when they talk about Lublin in the news, while all my life I thought that it was not inclined ..." (blogger marinkafriend)

Actually: place names Slavic origin, ending in -ovo, -evo, -ino, -yno, traditionally inclined: in Ostankino, in Peredelkino, to Boldin, to Pulkovo, from Kosovo. The trend towards the use of the non-declining variant has developed only in recent decades. In other words, the new norm is not in Lublin, but in Lublin.

From history: Initially, all such names were declined (remember from Pushkin: "History of the village of Goryukhina", from Lermontov: "It is not without reason that all Russia remembers Borodin's day!", Recall soviet film"It was in Penkovo"). Initially, indeclinable forms were used only in the speech of geographers and military men, because it was very important to give names in their original form so that there was no confusion: Kirov and Kirovo, Pushkin and Pushkino, etc. But gradually indeclinable forms began to penetrate into written speech. So, in the "Grammar of the Modern Russian Literary Language" of 1970, it was indicated that in the modern Russian literary language there is a tendency to replenish the group of zero-declension words with toponyms with finals -ov (o), -ev (o), -ev (o), - in(o). In other words, the inflexibility was just beginning to spread.

Quote in the subject: "The habit of not inflecting the names of the area originates, apparently, from military reports. But is it good that the newspaper distributes, rooting this habit? "I live in Odintsovo, in Kratovo," and not "in Odintsovo, in Kratov "- the habit of not inflecting names gives lively speech some kind of official character" (L. K. Chukovskaya. In the editor's laboratory).

"Russian Grammar" of 1980 indicated: "Geographical names in -ovo, -evo and -ino, -yno: Ivanovo, Biryulyovo, Kuntsevo, Sarajevo, Boldino, Borodino, Golitsyno, etc. in modern colloquial, professional, newspaper speech are found tendency towards immutability.Despite this, in writing, in accordance with the current grammatical rules, place names in -ov (o), -ev (o), -ev (o), -in (o), -yn (o) are inclined: In the sky over Tushin (gaz.) ; We are talking about the airport in Sheremetyevo (Gas.). The inflexibility of geographical names is normal in the following cases: 1) If such a name is an attachment to one of the following generalizing words: village, village, settlement, station, camp, less often - a city: in the village of Vasilkovo, in the village of Pushkino, in the village of Belkino, at the station Gogolevo. 2) If the settlement is named after a well-known person by its own name: near Repino (name of a village near Leningrad), not far from Lermontovo (name of a small town near Penza).

Since then, 30 years have passed - and non-inclined options have become so widespread that initially the only correct inflected option is today perceived by many as erroneous (see the blogger's words above). Once upon a time, A. A. Akhmatova was indignant if they said we live in Kratovo instead of we live in Kratovo, and the writer V. I. Belov sarcastically suggested that speakers live in Kemerovo in the same way to pronounce from the window. In our days, however, many consider this use to be a corruption of the language - in Kratovo, in Strogino, in Pulkovo - i.e., corresponding to a strict literary norm.

However, the inflexibility of the names in question gradually became normative, as modern dictionaries say (albeit with caution). Here is a quote from the "Grammar Dictionary of the Russian Language" by A. A. Zaliznyak: "... It is very common - both in oral speech and in print - the use of this word (toponym in -ovo, -ino - V.P.) as unchangeable, for example: lives in Kuntsevo, we drive up to Ostankino, a kilometer from Borodino instead of literary lives in Kuntsevo, we drive up to Ostankino, a kilometer from Borodino.The degree of spread of this phenomenon is so significant that, apparently, it is already approaching the status acceptable option."

Thus, today both options can be considered normative - declinable and non-declining. We also note that over the past decades, the tendency noted by the Russian Grammar to not change the original form of the names of settlements, if they are used as an application, along with the generic name, has finally taken hold.

So, remember the elementary truth number 1.

Alphabetical truth No. 1. Geographical names of Slavic origin ending in -ovo, -evo, -ino, -yno, do not decline in combination with a generic word: from the Lyublino region, towards the Strogino region, towards the Mitino region, in the city of Ivanovo, from the village of Prostokvashino, to the edge of Kosovo. If there is no generic word, then both options are normative, inflected (old) and non-inclined (new): in Lublin and in Lublin, towards Strogino and towards Strogino, in Ivanovo and Ivanovo, from Prostokvashino and from Prostokvashino, to Kosovo and to Kosovo, to Mitin and to Mitino, the 8th microdistrict of Mitin and the 8th microdistrict of Mitino. At the same time, the inflected variant corresponds to a strict literary norm (and is recommended, for example, for the speech of announcers).

Literature:

1. Grammar of the modern Russian literary language. M., 1970.

2. Russian grammar. M., 1980.

3. Graudina L. K., Itskovich V. A., Katlinskaya L. P. Grammatical correctness of Russian speech. Stylistic dictionary of variants. M., 2004.

4. Zaliznyak A. A. Grammar Dictionary of the Russian Language: Inflection. - 5th ed., Rev. M., 2008.

V. Pakhomov, candidate of philological sciences, editor-in-chief of the Gramota.RU portal

Tell me, uncle, it's not for nothing

Moscow burned by fire

given to the French?

After all, there were fighting battles,

Yes, they say, what else!

All of Russia remembers not for nothing

About the day of Borodin!

M. Yu. Lermontov. Borodino

The names of settlements in -o, such as Roschino, Pershino, Poletaevo (for Chelyabinsk residents) or Orekhovo, Maryino, Altufyevo (for Muscovites), are declined.

There are not very many such places in Chelyabinsk and its environs, they are rarely mentioned. In Moscow, every third metro station has a similar name in honor of the corresponding place, so you hear their names from people all the time.

In the overwhelming majority of cases, Muscovites do not decline these names: he lives in Tsaritsyno, he came from Strogino. On the "Echo of Moscow", on the other hand, these names are always declined: in Tsaritsyn, from Strogino. Gramota.ru, on the other hand, says that non-inclination has become more frequent recently, and on this one basis, as far as I can see, it recognizes both options as acceptable.

Even if you believe "Literacy", and consider that these options are equal today, then you need, nevertheless, to decide, at least for yourself, how to speak. After all, almost any rule that recognizes two versions of something as true, nevertheless, does not imply the possibility of absolutely random use of them. (I am ready to forgive some publications capitalizing the word "Internet", but when in different materials one edition is written differently - this is definitely unacceptable.)

I think I will not be mistaken if I say that many of the readers do not inflect these names and even experience a certain feeling of "incorrect" declension, and therefore immediately decide for themselves this question in favor of non-declension. I note, however, that it is easiest to continue speaking in the way you are used to, even if it suddenly turns out to be wrong. But as soon as you get used to correctly placing stresses in words like: casing, apostrophe, blinds, you immediately stop paying any attention to the fact that someone around says otherwise.

To determine my own point of view on this issue, I decided to turn to common sense and some other credible sources.

Common sense says: there is absolutely no grammatical reason not to decline these words. In Russian, there are no Russian words that would not decline: metro, coffee and other coats are borrowed words, and, more importantly, it is specifically said about them that these are such amazing words that do not decline. And there are no words that one could choose to incline or not incline at all, even among borrowed ones.

Children distort indeclinable words in any way (“they handed them over by radiv”) just to decline, because they have already managed to feel the language and simply do not expect that there are such words that they didn’t care about this language.

Here is what Dahl writes about the coat:

Coat, cf. unwilling. French the name of the upper dress, which is very inconvenient for us, male and female in the genus of a wide frock coat; chapan.
And about the blinds even like this:

Blinds, blinds pl. unwilling. French window bars, in which, sometimes, transverse planks are placed, arbitrarily, flat and on edge, for light and shadow. The people are talking. blinds, kind blinds; inflexible words are not good for us; gaps? zatinniks?

Convinced of the naturalness and necessity of declension for the Russian language, let's return to the settlements. Not declining them, like any other words, makes them alien, non-Russian. But Lyublino and Strogino are not San Marino and Nagano.

I’ll tell you (for a secret) that I wrote in Boldin, as I haven’t written for a long time ... (from a letter from A. S. Pushkin to P. A. Pletnev).

Some say that it is not necessary to incline, because this is the name. Amazing nonsense. Where did you see that the name does not decline, "to the Euroset"? Do you live in Russia or in Russia? Others say that in general names, of course, are declined, but this is a neuter gender, and that's why there is no need to decline. And again nonsense. Here we have the villages of Dolgoderevenskoye, Kruglenkoye, Kuznetskoye. Residents of Dolgoderevenskoye live in Dolgoderevenskoye, not "in Dolgoderevenskoye". The same, I believe, can be said about the inhabitants of Otradny and Krylatsky. Thus, it is precisely the names on -o that miraculously fall under non-declension.

On the "Charter" they write that if such names are declined, then it will be impossible to distinguish the neuter gender from the masculine. Like, if we say "in Strogino", then it seems that the nominative case is "Strogino", and not Strogino. It is in this that they see the reason for non-inclination.

Cause and effect are confused here. It is precisely because many people stopped inflecting such words that the inflected version began to be perceived in the masculine gender. After all, we incline Krylatskoye, but, by the way, if it were the Krylatsky district, it would incline in the same way. When they say "in Krylatsky", don't you think that this is "Krylatsky"? Maybe, so as not to seem, let's stop inclining him: "I live in Krylatskoye", "I came from Kruglenkoye"? (Hearing cuts? And "from Lublin" - does not cut?)

This, in general, does not only happen in the middle gender. When people talk about Prague, Madrid, Warsaw or Beijing, we don't think it's Prague, Madrid, Warsaw or Beijing. You can, of course, "to avoid confusion" the feminine gender also stop inflecting: "to Prague", in Madrid, "to Warsaw" and in Beijing. (Not in Russian, but the nominative case is immediately obvious!) Fortunately, no one goes for this.

It just so happened that in the Russian language it is not always possible to determine the original form of the word by the indirect form of the word. It is assumed that if you speak Russian, then it is already obvious to you.

One more (seems to be the last) argument in favor of non-declension: sometimes, they say, there is a locality both in the neuter gender and in the masculine, and therefore, if declined, it is not clear which of them is being discussed. But mangling the whole language for the sake of a little more certainty is a more than dubious idea, and there are not so many such pairs of settlements to go for it because of them (and, again, you can find similar pairs not only with settlements on - oh, and that doesn't count as a reason not to incline them.) There are many more places in the country that are generally called exactly the same, and then there is no confusion. Do you know how many civilians are in Russia? In those rare cases when there is both the city of Pushkin and the village of Pushkino, and at the same time we can talk about both, you can always just build the phrase a little differently and avoid ambiguity. (But with this problem, in general, not everyone is destined to face even once in life.)

Of course, the language lives and changes, and this is normal. When coffee becomes a neuter gender, this can at least be justified by the fact that the word coffee says with all its appearance: "I am a neuter gender", and it is more convenient for any Russian-speaking person to perceive it as such. But in the case of Poletaev and his colleagues, the trend, on the contrary, is "anti-Russian" and unnatural.

You just need to accustom yourself to declination and love it.

The telecentre is in Ostankino, the airport is in Domodedovo, and the tunnel is near Lefortovo. If the idea of ​​declining Yasenev or Medvedkov ever seems wrong to us, the problem is not in Yasenev or Medvedkov, but in us.

So, after reading these articles, I made an unambiguous conclusion for myself: it is possible and necessary to incline the toponym "Kupchino". It is possible, because it does not contradict the current rules of the Russian language, given that the name "Kupchino" is of Slavic origin. And it should because it was precisely this form of pronunciation that was used by the inhabitants of the village and the settlement, as well as a significant number of residents who entered Kupchino already as a mass building area.

But in colloquial speech not so simple. I had a frivolous sociological survey among friends and acquaintances. To the question "where do you live?" 90% of respondents, and maybe more, answered - in Kupchino. And then opinions were divided. Approximately half said that they walk along Kupchin and nowhere from Kupchina are not going to leave. It turns out something in between. Separate cases are used.

When setting a search query on Yandex and Google, the following data was received:

Yandex query "in Kupchino" – 1 million pages found

Yandex query "in Kupchyna" – 12 thousand pages found

Google query "in Kupchino" - 530,000 pages found

Google query "in Kupchyna" – 67,700 pages found

It is quite obvious that the indeclinable form is more popular.

Despite this, I remain a staunch supporter of the declension of the toponym "Kupchino" and this is how I write about Kupchino within the framework of this site. Being in the minority does not mean being wrong.

I hasten to send all those who are indignant and indignant about this to the Institute of the Russian Language of the Russian Academy of Sciences, which I currently consider as the last resort in this matter.

The request made to this institution was followed by an answer that did not cause the slightest surprise: it is possible to incline the toponym "Kupchino". As an argumentation, the current standards were proposed, described in the following works:

Brief Russian grammar. Edited by N. Yu. Shvedova and V. V. Lopatin. 2nd edition, stereotypical

Russian Academy Sciences. Institute of the Russian Language. V. V. Vinogradova. Moscow 2002 (pp. 202, 203 § 184, 185) as well as

Grammatical correctness of Russian speech. Stylistic dictionary of variants. L. K. Graudina, V. A. Itskovich, L. P. Katlinskaya; The Russian Academy of Sciences. Institute of the Russian Language. V. V. Vinogradova. Moscow 2001 (pp. 198-200) already mentioned above.

However, as it turned out, the leadership of the Frunzensky district of St. Petersburg adheres to just the more popular, not inclined, version (here we are talking about the long-gone team headed by T. Meshcheryakov). Well, it's their right, their choice. He's perfectly acceptable. The only perplexity is the fact that the leadership of the district allows itself to give recommendations to residents about how they, the residents, should pronounce the name of the district. The administration should make such suggestions, perhaps, to its subordinates, but certainly not to the public. For such recommendations, there are bodies more competent in philological and toponymic issues.

Should cultured people incline Kupchino? Gleb Stashkov's blog City 812 online BezFormat.RU

It's good, you know, to be a merchant's journalist. Our government is very responsive. Two weeks ago, I proposed to rename the streets of Bela Kun and Oleko Dundich. And what would you think? A survey was posted on the website of the district administration: should they be renamed?

In fact, most people don't think it's necessary. So you know what the majority of us are. All sorts of people came. Some, you know, move from Kupchin to the Kremlin, while others, it seems, are the other way around.

And last summer, a Kupchi spokesman tweeted a response to my text. In Kupchyna, you know, everyone writes on Twitter. They will come in large numbers - and let's write on Twitter. In general, the press secretary accused me of inclining the word "Kupchino". It is impossible, they say, to write “in Kupchino”, but it is necessary, they say, “in Kupchino”.

And on the website of the magazine, too, you know, they accuse me of this. Dullness, they say, is brainless. Not otherwise, they say, like a visitor. And I'm very, you know, offended. It is, of course, I'm a visitor. Came to Kupchino from the Petrograd side. But I wasn't even a year old then. And since then I have become completely Russified and okupchinitsya.

Yes, to be honest, I don’t persuade Kupchino. This corrector inclines. Proofreaders, you know, are also people with ambition. They will come in large numbers to the editorial office - and let's incline whatever hits.

But, apparently, our proofreader offended our district administration in such a way that last week it convened a scientific council. And “with the help of specialists, officials found out that the name of the Kupchino district in Russian is not declined.” Because "historians say that the name Kupchino comes from Finnish-language names."

Well, you never know what historians say. I am also a historian, you know. Began to find out. It turns out that according to the Swedish census of 1619, there were four taxable owners in the village of Kuptzinoua By, three of whom - Ivan Kuzmin, Proshka Lefontiev and Siman Abrahamov - were Orthodox. Very interesting information. "The Four Taxed". That is, they lived and tax-free. That is, it was the Swedes who sent illegal migrants here.

But, to tell the truth, I have no confidence in this census. Where, tell me, could Siman Abrahamov come from in the 17th century? Yes, even Orthodox. And what is this name - Kuptsinoua. It's some kind of Indian name. It turns out that Kamanches lived here. Or some Mohicans. And Siman Abrahamov is the last of the Mohicans. Apart from Proshka Lefontiev.

And according to the scientist Myznikov, kypsi in Old Finnish meant “hare”. Beautiful version. It turns out that Hare Island is Kupchino.

And, as they say,

Here in Kupchino
We are destined
Cut a window to Europe.

True, in modern Finnish the hare will be jänis. It doesn't look like kypsi. Apparently, Finnish hares have evolved greatly since ancient times.

Of course, if Kupchino is a foreign name, then there is no bazaar. Doesn't bend. We do not say: in San Marina, from San Marina. But, as one Kolpino patriot noted on the Internet, Kolpino is not San Marino for you. And Kupchino, believe me, even more so. And not San Marino, and not Rio de Janeiro. And it seems to me that the word "Kupchino" is of domestic production.

And he doesn't remember shit
About the day, your mother, Kupchina, -
I will add from myself.

However, the aforementioned Kolpino patriot gives another option: “It is not without reason that all of Russia remembers the day of Borodin and the defense of Kolpin!” And in support of his "sklonist" theory, he cites the following lines:

We are standing en masse near Kolpino.
Artillery strikes at their own.

Not very convincing, you know. Maybe it's better for us to forget about this defense of Kolpin? Limit yourself to Borodin's day. There, artillery didn’t seem to beat on its own.

If Lermontov was remembered, it would be a sin to forget about Pushkin. Tom, you know, wrote well in Boldin. However, Pushkin seriously argued that in Russian one should speak "Gypsies" and "Tatars", and not "Gypsies" and "Tatars". And his poem, you know, is called "Gypsies", not "Gypsies". Pushkin, to be honest, was also one of the guest workers.

And in general, in those days, it was not Pushkin who was considered a zealot of the Russian language, but Admiral Shishkov. Who attacked Karamzin, who used the word "more humane." That way, according to the admiral, they will say "my horse is more horse than yours, my cow is more cow than yours." And Pushkin had a friend - Prince Vyazemsky. He also wrote some poetry. And right inside out, he was turned inside out by the words "mediocrity" and "talented." These, he says, words from the meadowsmen went. And I doubt something. There is, you know, a meadowsweet in a cap and argues:

“But Pushkin is talented, you son of a bitch. And Vyazemsky, frankly, mediocrity.

Let's return to Kupchino. The fighters for the purity of the language and the opponents of change are precisely the “inclinationists”. Living in Kupchino, not in Kupchino. Do not incline - the fashion of recent years. Bowed before. And now, you see, they feel uncomfortable about it. Come in large numbers - and experience discomfort.

When I worked as a literary editor in a sports newspaper, one hockey correspondent felt discomfort from the name of the Ufa club "Salavat Yulaev". And he wrote like this: SKA is playing with Salavat Yulaev. I explained that Salavat Yulaev is not a pound sterling. That salavat is not a unit of measure for some yulais. The reporter argued. And then he went to the STO channel, where he says that Zenit is playing with Wings of the Soviets.

And before, people were cultured and didn’t even know the word for it - discomfort. And they didn't call. They didn't even call. They didn't talk on the phone at all. “I was just talking on the phone with L. Tolstoy,” Chekhov writes in his diary.

Very, you know, it sounds sublime and noble. Well, imagine Chekhov, who takes out a mobile phone in a minibus and starts yelling.

- Hello, hello, Tolstoy? It's Chekhov calling!

Yes, Tolstoy would immediately cut off:
- Go to ..., Chekhov.

By the way, the cultured people of that time inclined male surnames to “-ko”. Take any memories. At Rodzyanka. To Rodzyanka. From Rodzyanka. And they don't write about anyone. About the speaker of the State Duma.

So I ask you to convey to both the district administration and the governor Poltavchenko: they persuaded Kupchino, we persuade and we will persuade. And if the tongue does not turn or the hand does not rise, the corrector will correct it.

"In Kupchino" vs "In Kupchino" Konstantin Vasilevsky Newspaper "Frunzensky district" No. 8 (326) March 30, 2012

How to say "in Kupchino" or "in Kupchino" correctly? An open discussion on this topic was opened by representatives of the public organization "I love Kupchino" and employees of the administration of the Frunzensky district.

"Opinions differ. Surveys of residents show that both in colloquial and written speech, both variants are common - inflected and indeclinable. Experts say that place names of Slavic origin ending in "-ino" do not decline when used with a generic word If there is no generic word, then it is preferable, according to classical literary norms, to use the inflected version.However, the discussion is currently underway about whether the toponym Kupchino, which has survived to this day and gave the name of a significant territory in the south of modern Petersburg," they say in the administration of the Frunzensky district. Recall that at the initiative of the head of the administration of the Frunzensky district Terenty Meshcheryakov and public organizations at the end of 2011, residents were invited to join the discussion of Kupcha toponyms. Yes, on information resources district, a discussion began about the need and expediency of renaming Bela Kun Street, which bears the name of one of the leaders of the communist movement. You can take part in the discussion and express your opinion on the website of the newspaper "Frunzensky District" at the address: gazetafrunz.ru in the "Poll" section.

Declination of geographical names

How to decline geographical names? You can walk along the Arbat, but "along Arbat Street"; along Rozhdestvenka, but - "down the street -?"

What rules regulate such case forms, including those with generic concepts city, village, river, station and the like?

At the words city, river, defining toponyms, simple (consisting of one word) geographical names are inclined: in the city of Moscow, dawn on the Moscow River . It's wrong to say flow into the Moscow River, necessary: "to the Moscow River".

At the words village, village the name should be inclined if its generic indicators (ending, semantic features) coincide with the gender of the designation of the settlement. For example, (village) Goryukhino."Goryukhino" - cf. R. and "village" - cf. R. Generic concepts coincided, therefore, we can say "History of villages a Goryukhin a"(cf.), but if that was the name of the village, then one should say "village history" and Goryukhin about», since the “village” is female, and the generic indicators did not match. Thus, we will say “near the village of Kryukov - near the village of Kryukovo”, “in the village of Olkhovka - in the village of Olkhovka”.

At the word village there is no paradigm. The names of ports, stations, lakes, islands, peninsulas, planets, mountains, bays, etc. also do not have declension forms. (in the city of Moscow - on the Moskva River - from the station Moscow - in the port of Moscow; near Lake Baikal, on the island of Valaam, near Elbrus - near Mount Elbrus; but: on Lake Peipsi name-definition, coinciding in gender with the word being defined.

Now about cities and stations. Where does the train come from? from Chudovo or from Chudov? The name of the city sounded, and it should bow. But in the modern language, the opposite trend is affirmed, due to the fact that trains do not go from cities, but from stations (it is no coincidence that their names often do not coincide with the names of settlements: Naro-Fominsk - Nara station). Therefore, the option from Chudovo to Nakhabino is currently winning, and the former professional preposition “from” is becoming more common: from Monino, from Kryukovo. We are talking about the station, so the preposition "from" is inappropriate. But if we are talking about long-distance trains connecting exactly cities, this pattern does not apply.

In oral speech, the names of nav -ovo, -evo, -ino, -eno have a paradigm: in Penkov, in Kositsyn.

Therefore it is wrong: "In Dorogomilovo behind the hotel" Ukraine "...". Should - in Dorogomilovo.

There are two cases of indeclination:

1) Unwanted homonymy in oblique cases of various names: name Serovo does not bow because there is a city Serov, whose name is inclined (with the city of Serov, in Serov).

2) Names of settlements on - about derived from the names of famous people: live in Pushkino (but in Pushkin near St. Petersburg- in accordance with the above); to go from Golitsyno to Lermontovo. Why?

Names associated with memory prominent people, are called memorial - you can

live in Chertanovo, but - in Tuchkovo, since the second name does not come from the name of the owner, but from the names of the heroes of the Patriotic War of 1812, who took part in the Battle of Borodino. In Sheremetyevo - and to Sheremetyevo(by the name of the owner; cf .: at Sheremetyevo airport)- but only in Repino(memorial name).

Names on -about , derived from well-known surnames or having analogues without this final, do not decline: in the city of Chapaevo, in the village of Kalinino. If both hyphenated parts of a compound name end in -about , only the second is inclined: in Orekhovo-Zuevo, in Odintsovo-Vakhrameevo. At the words city, village, settlement such names are not accepted. That is, it should be said in the city of Orekhovo-Zuyevo.

You should pay attention to compound names, including those with the words city, river, which have zero declension: in the city of Belaya Tserkov, on the Podkamennaya Tunguska River; foreign language ending in - oh, uh, uh: in the city of Helsinki, in Gumri, on the river Spree, in the city of Ploiesti. So you can visit in Helsinki, in Sikoko, in Bordeaux, but in Barcelona, ​​in Athens.

The names of the settlements -about, having a final (final) stress, which sounds distinctly when pronounced as a differentiating factor, in the instrumental case they have an ending -ohm , if declined as nouns: Golovino - under Golovin. The ending th correlates with the possessive adjective and the norm of declension of surnames: Lvov - Lvov, Pushkino - Pushkin - Pushkin. For oral speech, this would be insignificant if it were not for names like Koppino, Strogino with a distinct final accent. Geographical names clearly illustrate the norm of pronunciation, which differs from the norm of declension of surnames.

The rules for declension of a surname cannot depend on the desire or unwillingness of the bearer of the surname.

Don't bow down:

1. female surnames ending in a consonant and a soft sign

(at Anna Zhuk, family of Maria Mickiewicz, appoint Ludmila Koval).

2. Women's names ending in a consonant

(Carmen, Gulchatay, Dolores, Helen, Suok, Edith, Elizabeth).

(Hugo, Bizet, Rossini, Shaw, Nehru, Goethe, Bruno, Dumas, Zola).

4. Male and female names ending in a vowel, excluding -а(-я)

(Sergo, Nelly).

5. Surnames starting with -а(-я) with a preceding vowel and

(sonnets by Heredia, poems by Garcia, stories by Gulia).

6. Russian surnames, which are frozen forms of the genitive case singular with endings: -ovo, -ago, -yago

(Durnovo, Sukhovo, Zhivago, Shambinago, Debyago, Khitrovo);

and plural with endings: -ih, -ih

(Twisted, Ostrovsky, Polish, Long, Gray-haired).

In colloquial speech, surnames in -them, -th can be inclined.

(Sergei Zhivago, Irina Zhivago, Galina Polskikh, Viktor Polskikh).

7. Ukrainian by origin surnames for stressed and unstressed -ko ( Golovko, Lyashko, Franko, Yanko, Shevchenko's anniversary, Makarenko's activities, Korolenko's works).

8. The first part of a double surname, if it is not used as a surname in itself

(in the roles of Skvoznyak-Dmukhanovsky, the research of Grun-Grizhimailo, the sculpture of Demut-Malinovsky).

Decline:

(institute. S. Ya. Zhuk, poems by Adam Mickiewicz, meet Igor Koval).

2. Female names ending in a soft sign

(Love, Judith).

3. As a rule, surnames tend to be unstressed - and I

(mostly Slavic, Romanesque and some others)

(article by V. M. Ptitsa, works by Jan Neruda, songs performed by Rosita Quintana, conversation with A. Vaida, poems by Okudzhava).

Fluctuations are observed in the use of Georgian and Japanese surnames, where there are cases of inclination and non-inclination:

(Nar game artist of the USSR Harava; \(100\) anniversary of the birth of Sen-Katayama, Kurosawa films; works by A. S. Chikobava (and Chikobava); creativity of Pshavela; a minister in the Ikeda cabinet; Hatoyama's performance; films by Vittorio de Sica (not de Sica).

4. Slavic surnames for drums - and I

(with the writer Mayboroda, with the philosopher Skovoroda, with the director Golovnya).

5. The first part of Russian double surnames, if it is used in itself as a surname

(poems by Lebedev-Kumach, production by Nemirovich-Danchenko, exhibition by Sokolov-Skal).

A foreign name before a surname ending in a consonant is inclined

(novels by Jules Verne, short stories by Mark Twain).

But, according to tradition: novels by Walter (and Walter) Scott, songs about Robin Hood.

6. When declensing foreign surnames and given names, the forms of Russian declensions are used and the features of the declension of words in the original language are not preserved.

(Karel Capek - Karel Capek [not Karl Capek]).

Also Polish names

(Vladek's, Edek's, Janek's [not: Vladek's, Edek's, Yank's]).

7. Polish female surnames on - a inclined according to the model of Russian surnames on - and I

(Bandrovska-Turska - tours of Bandrovska-Turska, Cherni-Stefanska - concerts of Cherni-Stefanska).

At the same time, it is possible to design such surnames according to the model of Russians and in nominative case

(Opulskaya-Danetskaya, Modzelevskaya).

The same is advisable for Czech surnames on - a

(Babitska - Babitskaya, Babitskoy).

8. Slavic male surnames on - and, -s it is advisable to incline according to the model of Russian surnames to - yy, -yy

First, let's deal with place names ending in -ov (o), -ev (o), ev (o), -in (o), -yn (o), or, more simply, ending in -O. These are nouns - geographical names such as Sheremetyevo, Domodedovo, Ostankino, Priyutino, Medvedkovo, Abramtsevo, Peredelkino, Tsaritsyno, Pushkino, Kemerovo, Chudovo, Avtovo, Perovo, Komarovo, Murino and others. How is it correct to say: in Kemerovo or in Kemerovo, to Avtovo or to Avtov, from Perov or from Perovo?

Geographical names of settlements, stations, cities in -O in modern Russian are gradually moving into the category of nouns that do not change in cases. This is probably due to the fact that in recent decades in colloquial speech these toponyms are increasingly used as indeclinable.

Reference books seven to ten years ago strictly demanded that these words be changed according to cases, while modern publications note a tendency towards the inclination of geographical names to -O, which is now especially widespread. From oral speech, the invariable form also penetrated into written sources, in particular into journalism. Stylistic Dictionary of L.K. Graudina, V.A. Itskovich and L.P. Katlinskaya gives examples of newspaper headlines:

"The Tragedy of Kosovo", "From Pushchino to Colorado".

Recall that initially indeclinable forms were used only in the professional speech of geographers, military men and in the official business style of speech. The norm for the use of Russian geographical names in -o in an indeclinable form is also registered in the academic "Grammar of the Modern Russian Literary Language" (M., 1970):

"In the modern language, there is a tendency to replenish the group of words of zero declension words - toponyms with endings -ov (o), -ev (o), -ev (o) and -in (o), for example: Ivanovo, Biryulyovo, Knyazevo, Boldino, Lyublino, Golitsino and others. Perhaps, only the requirements for the declension of the names of settlements remained stringent if they are used as an application with a generic name (city, village, township, etc.) and have options:

in the village of Pushkino (in the original form of Pushkino) and in the city of Pushkin (in the original form of Pushkin).

Now - the most important thing. How is it right after all: in Kemerovo or in Kemerovo, to Avtovo or to Avtov, from Perov or from Perovo?

Currently, both options are in free use - inflected and non-inclined, therefore, both can be considered normative. However, it should be remembered that there are several cases when toponyms in -o are used in an invariable form:

* when the gender of the geographical name and the generic name do not match: in the village of Bosovo, at the Sinevo station, from the village of Likhovo.

Here the words are feminine generic names (village, station, village), but with them the names retain the form of the middle one; another example:

on the shore of Lake Kaftino, in the village of Sinyavino, from the port of Vanino - words - geographical names retain the form of the nominative case, while generic names change according to cases;

* when little-known settlements are called along with the words village, settlement, camp, as a rule, in order to avoid coincidence with the identical name of cities in the masculine gender:

in the village of Buyanovo, but in the city of Buyanov; in the village of Pushkino, but in the city of Pushkin;

* when the name is enclosed in quotation marks. In this case, it is acceptable to use it as a non-inflected:

the stud farm in "Kashino" was one of the best in the Tver region; near the Golovlevo farm, the construction of a new camp site, etc., has been launched.

Russian geographical names used with generic names such as city, farm, village, village, village, village, village, river and acting as applications (standing after the named words) are declined if they are toponyms of Russian (as well as Slavic) origin or represent a name borrowed and mastered by the Russian language for a long time. So to the question "to incline or not to incline?" answer: incline. The normative forms are:

in the city of Suzdal, from the city of Krasnoyarsk, etc.

The authors of the reference book "Grammatical correctness of Russian speech. Stylistic dictionary of variants" (M., 2001) Graudina L.K., Itskovich V.A., Katlinskaya L.P. believe that "it is advisable to observe two basic rules for the use of consistent forms and inconsistent forms."

1. They decline: a) simple (not complex and not expressed in phrases) Russian, Slavic and mastered names of cities, rivers, villages, villages, towns, farms, estates, villages, except for those ending in vowels -o, -e, -i, -s:

in the city of Moscow, in the city of Sofia, from the city of Ufa, near the city of Rybinsk, from the city of Kustanai, in the city of Perm, on the Svetlaya River (but in the city of Sumy, to the village of Dibuny, in the city of Mytishchi, in the village of Gorki).

b) simple foreign language names of capitals, large or famous cities, rivers, except for those ending in vowels -y, -o, -e, -i, -s:

in the capital of England, London, in the cities of Prague and Budapest, in the city of Marseille, on the Seine River (but from the city of Delhi, on the Mississippi River).

2. Do not bow:

a) names of stations, towns, resorts, auls, villages, outposts:

near the Terek village, at the Bologoe station;

b) the names of lakes, tracts, islands, mountains, deserts:

to Cape Chelyuskin, on Lake Baikal, in the Sahara Desert, to Mount Beshtau. However, in colloquial speech, agreed forms can be used, especially if these are Russian names that represent full forms adjectives: on Mount Zheleznaya, to Kamenny Island, at Vysokaya Hill, to Lake Shchuchye, at Tikhoretskaya station.

c) foreign-language names of principalities, kingdoms, duchies, states, provinces, little-known cities, rivers, settlements:

in the Principality of Liechtenstein, in the Kingdom of Nepal, in the state of California. d) compound names-applications and toponyms expressed in phrases:

in the town of Santa Barbara, to the village of Upper Balkaria, in the town of Velikiye Luki, in the village of Bolshiye Drynduny (since the external form of the name corresponds to the plural form, such toponyms are used in an invariable form. Without a generic word, it is necessary to say: in Velikiye Luki, in Big Dryndunakh).

The exception is the names in the construction "toponym on the river": from the city of Frankfurt am Main.

It is also necessary to pay attention to the fact that in compound toponyms and toponyms expressed by combinations of words, parts of the name are usually declined:

in the city of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, in the city of Rostov-on-Don, in the city of Vyshny Volochek.

However, in colloquial and professional speech, as well as in the official business style, the indeclinable version of the toponym has spread and strengthened:

in the city of Leninsk-Kuznetsky, in the city of Vyshny Volochek, in the village of Dolgie Beards. In conclusion, we recall that for a number of compound names, the first part does not decline at all:

Ust-Kamensk, Gus-Khrustalny, Korsun-Shevchenkovsky.

Letterer

Names and titles

How to decline geographical names?

In the city of Moscow or in the city of Moscow? Names combined with a generic word

Place name used with generic names city, village, village, farm, river etc., acting as an application, is consistent with the word being defined, that is, it is inclined if the toponym is of Russian, Slavic origin or is a long-borrowed and mastered name.

Correctly: in the city of Moscow, in the city of St. Petersburg, from the city of Kyiv; to the village of Ivanovka, from the village of Olkhovka, in the village of Shushenskoye, under the Mikhailovsky farm;near the Volga River, the valley of the Sukhoi stream.

Decline both parts in the name Moskva River: Moskva River, on the Moskva River etc. In colloquial speech, there are cases of indeclination of the first part: beyond the Moskva River, on the Moskva River etc. But such usage does not correspond to the strict literary norm.

Place names in combination with a generic word are usually not declined in the following cases:

when the external form of the name corresponds to the form of the plural. numbers: in the city of Velikiye Luki, in the city of Mytishchi;

when the gender of the generalizing common word and toponym do not match: on the Yenisei River, near the Khoper River, in the village of Parfyonok(however, this remark does not apply to combinations with the word city, so it's correct: in the city of Tula, from the city of Moscow; about the appropriateness of using the word itself here city see below).

In addition, there is a tendency towards non-inclination of neuter toponyms ending in -e, -o: between the villages of Molodechno and Dorozhno, in the town of Vidnoye(this name is not declined, because when declining it will be difficult to restore the original form: in the city of Vidnoe this is Vidny city or city ​​of Vidnoye).

In the "Dictionary of Geographical Names" by A.V. Superanskaya (M., 2013) it is indicated that toponyms are usually not declined in combination with the following geographical terms: swamp, bay, mountains, state, valley, bay, outpost, land kishlak, key, well, kingdom, town, deposit, cape, region, lake, district, island, pass, plateau, plateau, dam, square, peninsula, settlement, province, strait, fishery, district(as an administrative-territorial unit), village, station, tract, ridge, state. The exception is when the name is expressed by an adjective: on the lake Ritsa, but: on Lake Onega, in the Bay of Kotor, but: in Sydney Harbour.

In the city of Stary Oskol or in the city of Stary Oskol? Compound names combined with a generic word

Is it necessary to inflect compound names of cities and other settlements in combination with a generic word? The manuals answer this question in different ways. Everywhere it is indicated that such names are not declined if their external form corresponds to the plural form: in the city of Velikiye Luki, from the city Mineral water (see above). And if it corresponds to the singular form? Stary Oskol, Vyshny Volochek, Nizhny Novgorod, Krivoy Rog...

In the "Handbook of Spelling and Literary Editing" by D. E. Rozental, in the manual by Yu. A. Belchikov "Practical Style of the Modern Russian Language", as well as in the "Dictionary of Geographical Names" by A. V. Superanskaya, it is indicated that such names do not decline combined with a generic word: in the city of Stary Krym, from the city of Veliky Ustyug, in the city of Stary Oskol, above the city of Lodeynoye Pole. At the same time, the “Dictionary of grammatical variants of the Russian language” by L. K. Graudina, V. A. Itskovich, L. P. Katlinskaya indicates that in toponyms expressed by word combinations, parts of the name should decline: in the city of Vyshny Volochek, however, in colloquial and professional speech, the indeclinable version has spread and taken root: near the town of Vyshny Volochek, in the settlement of Dolgiy Most.

In Moscow or in the city of Moscow?

A. E. Milchin, L. K. Cheltsova’s “Reference book of the publisher and author” states that “reduction G.(city), like full word, it is recommended to use it in a limited way, mainly before the names of cities formed from surnames ( Kirov)».

Thus, in common use: in Moscow. Options in Moscow, in the city of Moscow should be characterized as specifically clerical (i.e., used mainly in official business speech). Options in Moscow, in the city of Moscow do not comply with the literary norm.

In Peredelkino or in Peredelkino?

Toponyms of Slavic origin ending in -ovo, -evo, -ino, -eno, do not decline in combination with a generic word: from the Lyublino district, towards the Strogino district, towards the Mitino district, in the city of Ivanovo, from the village of Prostokvashino, to the edge of Kosovo. If there is no generic word, then both options are possible, inflected and indeclinable: in Lublin and in Lublin, towards Strogino and towards Strogino, in Ivanovo and to Ivanovo, from Prostokvashino and from Prostokvashino to Kosovo and to Kosovo, to Mitin and to Mitino, the 8th microdistrict of Mitin and the 8th microdistrict of Mitino. At the same time, the declined version corresponds to a strict literary norm. The dictionary of L. K. Graudina, V. A. Itskovich, L. P. Katlinskaya “Grammatical correctness of Russian speech” indicates: “In an exemplary literary style(from the stage, from the TV screen, in radio speech) these forms should be declined.

More about titles at -ovo, -evo, -ino, -eno see under the heading " ABC truths".

Pushkin or Pushkin?

Place names for -ov (-ev), -ovo (-evo), -in, -ino (-no) have an ending in the instrumental -ohm, for example: Lvov - Lvov, Kanev - Kanev, Kryukovo - Kryukov, Kamyshin - Kamyshin, Maryino - Maryin, Golitsino - Golitsyn.

Unlike the names of cities, Russian surnames on -in (-yn) and on -ov (-ev) have the instrumental singular ending th, compare: Pushkin(surname) - Pushkin and Pushkin(city) - Pushkin; Alexandrov(surname) - Alexandrov and Alexandrov(city) - Alexandrov.

In Kamen-Kashirsky or in Kamen-Kashirsky?

If a compound toponym is a Russian or a long-established name, in indirect case forms its first part should decline: from Stone-Kashirsky, in Pereslavl-Zalessky, in Mogilev-Podolsky, in Rostov-on-Don.

All toponyms, in which the first part of the name has a morphological sign of the middle gender, are covered by a tendency towards immutability: from Likino-Dulev, to Sobolevo-on-Kamchatka.

How to decline foreign geographical names?

Names ending in -a

many borrowed geographical names mastered by the Russian language are declined according to the type of noun. female sort of on -a, for example: Bukhara - in Bukhara, Ankara - to Ankara;

place names ending in French in origin are not inclined -a in source language: Gras, Spa, Le Dora, Jura etc. However, the names to which the ending was added in Russian -a, tend to: Toulouse, Geneva, Lausanne - in Toulouse, Geneva, Lausanne(cf.: Toulouse, Geneve, Lausanne);

decline Japanese place names ending in -a unstressed: Osaka - in Osaka, Fukushima - from Fukushima;

Estonian and Finnish names do not decline: from Jyväskylä to Saaremaa;

Abkhaz and Georgian toponyms ending in unstressed experience fluctuations in declension -a. However, many of these names are inflected: Ochamchira - in Ochamchira, Gudauta - to Gudauta, Pitsunda - from Pitsunda;

complex geographical names are not inclined to - a unstressed, borrowed from Spanish and other Romance languages: to Bahia Blanca, to Bahia Laypa, from Jerez de la Frontera, to Santiago de Cuba, from Pola de Lena, from Santiago de Compostela;

complex Slavic names are declined, which are nouns in the presence of derivational signs of adjectives, for example: Biala Podlaska - from Biala Podlaska, Banska Bystrica - to Banska Bystrica.

Names ending in -about and -e

Such names are not inclined in the Russian literary language: in Oslo, Tokyo, Bordeaux, Mexico City, Santiago, Calais, Grodno, Vilna, Kovno.

Names ending in -i, -s

Toponyms on -s: in Katowice, Thebes, Tatras, Cannes, Cheboksary.

Names are usually not inclined to -and: from Chile, Tbilisi, Nagasaki.

Names ending in a consonant

Foreign names ending in a consonant usually do not decline in the application function: in the city of Louisville, in the city of Maubeuge, in the city of Niamet, in the province of Zyadin, near the city of Manston. (The exception is the names that have long been borrowed and mastered by the Russian language: in the city of Washington.)

If such names are not used in the application function, they are usually declined: in the city of Mantasas, but 70 kilometers from Mantasas, near the town of Manston, but near Manston.

Latin American names depart from this group by - os: to Fuentos.

Compound type names are not inflected Pere Lachaise, Mine Mill, Puerto Montt.

Compound names with the second part do not decline -street, -square, -park, -palace: Alvin Street, Union Square, Friedrichstadt Palace, Enmore Park.

In Frankfurt am Main or in Frankfurt am Main?

The first part of complex foreign toponyms, as a rule, does not decline: in Alma-Ata, near Buenos Aires, from Yoshkar-Ola. The exception is the first part in the construction “toponym on the river”: in Frankfurt am Main, to Schwedt an der Oder, from Stratford an der Avon.

If any foreign compound name is used in the application function with common nouns like city, town, capital, port etc., it is left in the second part in an unchanged form: in the city of Santa Cruz, in the Bolivian capital of La Paz(with the exception of long-borrowed names mastered by the Russian language: in New York City).

QUESTION TO THE "INFORMATION BUREAU"

What about the combination municipality Usinsk city district

I have a question of the following nature. Our municipality is officially called Municipal formation of the urban district "Usinsk". However, I have doubts about the correct use of the phrase in this case urban district in genitive case. In my opinion, according to the rules of the Russian language, the correct name should be used in the nominative case: Municipal formation urban district "Usinsk".

There is also a question about the placement of quotes: they should be before and after the word Usinsk or the expression must be quoted "Usinsk City District"?

Answer help desk Russian language

Combinations municipality and urban district must agree in case (in other words, be used in the same case), because urban district in terms of syntax, this is an application. Wed: bird oriole.

As for quotation marks and other signs. The following design options are possible here:

municipal formation - urban district Usinsk;

Municipality "Usinsk City District"

Moreover, when using quotation marks, the part of the name enclosed in them will not be declined: Administration of the Municipal Formation "City District of Usinsk".

Sources:

Ageenko F. L. Dictionary of proper names of the Russian language. M., 2010.

Graudina L. K., Itskovich V. A., Katlinskaya L. P. Dictionary of grammatical variants of the Russian language. 3rd ed., ster. M., 2008.

Milchin A. E., Cheltsova L. K. Reference book of the publisher and author. M., 2003.

Rosenthal D. E. Handbook of spelling and literary editing. M., 2003.

Russian grammar / Ch. ed. N. Yu. Shvedova. In 2 vol. M., 1980.

Superanskaya A.V. Dictionary of geographical names. M., 2013.