Presentation "natural features of the middle Urals". South Ural Work can be used for lessons and reports on the subject "Geography"

Middle Ural located in the lowlands Ural mountains. It is bounded by Konzhakovsky Kamen and mountains Yurma and Oslyanka. The Middle Urals are more mastered by man than the North.

The sights of the Middle Urals are not only its geographical features. Tourists come here to visit the granite rocks of Peter Gronsky, old mansions and watchtowers.

The city of Kushva is also interesting to people, because it is the center of mining.

The Middle Urals is the place where the famous writer D.N. Mamin-Siberian.

Flora of the Middle Urals

The Middle Urals is a zone of endless forests. Warmer areas are favorable for forest-steppes.

In the forests, pines, spruces and firs are most often found. And deciduous representatives of tree species are birch and aspen. The undergrowth of these zones are juniper, raspberry, alder and currant. And in the undergrowth pine forests honeysuckle, wolf's bast and currant are often found.

The Middle Urals is located between the Northern, where the taiga reigns, and the Southern, where a large number of plant species grow.

The Middle Urals is famous for its folk medicine. Many herbs of these places are used for medicinal purposes, for example, clover, forest balsam, Tibetan lofan, barberry, henbane, wintergreen, cranberry, fragrant chamomile and others.

Many plants are listed in the Red Book of the Middle Urals. Some of them are: alpine aster, solar clausia, Ural yaskola, needle-leaved carnation, Permian astragalus, Ural thyme, northern flax, marsh dremlik and many others. Also, fern species are on the verge of extinction - elegant and Asian woodsia and wall-mounted ossicles. Of the mushrooms in the Red Book of the Middle Urals are listed - northern climacodon, felt tinder fungus, odorous haploporus and others.

Fauna of the Middle Urals

The fauna of the Middle Urals consists mainly of species that can live in conditions coniferous forests. For example, wolverine, sable, weasel, chipmunk, hazel grouse and black grouse.

Wooded areas are the habitat of wolves, foxes, ermines and weasels. Less often here you can meet vipers, snakes, viviparous lizards and grass frogs.

Otters, minks and water voles live along the rivers. Here, on lakes and swamps, you can find mallards, geese, pintails and teals. Also, swamps are a habitat for snipes, great snipes, woodcocks and partridges.

In broad-leaved forests, there are much more inhabitants than in taiga. Hedgehogs, forest polecats, badgers, hare - all these animals are the main species representing the fauna of the Middle Urals. Birds include nightingales, orioles, finches, siskins, goldfinches, starlings and rooks. And from amphibians there are non-poisonous snakes, toads and newts.

Forest-steppe zones are suitable for life and reproduction of various squirrels, capercaillie and white hares. And in the open steppe spaces there are ground squirrels, jerboas and hamsters. Also, these zones are suitable for the life of many birds - larks, partridges, spotted eagles and saker eagles. The quick lizard is the main representative of the reptiles of the forest. steppe zone.

The taiga of the Middle Urals is suitable for the life of game animals - sable, column and martens. It was in the Urals that these animals formed a kind of symbiosis with each other, this species was called kidus. Also game animals are squirrels, chipmunks, foxes and white hares.

There are practically no large animals in the Middle Urals, they live in northern regions where there are no people. It is very rare to see a moose.

Many animals of these places are included in the Red Book of the Middle Urals. Under special supervision are endangered species: muskrat, common hedgehog, mink, ushlan, pond and water bats. Of the representatives of birds, the black stork is protected.

Climate in the Middle Urals

Spring in the Middle Urals passes very quickly. The duration of this season is about 1-1.5 months. Until the summer, night frosts are kept here, while the daytime temperature rises slightly above zero.

The summer of the Middle Urals is quite warm, but rainy. Closer to the south, precipitation is less frequent, and the air temperature can warm up to +20 degrees.

Autumn lasts about 2 months, from September to the end of October. It is characterized by heavy precipitation in the form of rain and a decrease in temperature. In November, the first snow falls in the Middle Urals, and winter sets in.

Winter is the longest and coldest season in the Middle Urals. In January, the average temperature is -15 degrees, and sometimes it drops to -40 degrees. The snow cover falls already at the end of November and lasts until mid-April.

Geographical position The territory of the Urals is located between the great rivers Volga-Kama and Ob-Irtysh. From west to east, the Urals are conditionally divided into three parts. The first part is the Western Urals, or Cis-Urals, Cis-Urals. Here the western foothills of the Ural Mountains gradually pass into the Russian Plain. The second part is the Ural Range, or the Ural Mountains. The Ural Range from north to south is divided into Polar, Subpolar, Northern, Middle and Southern. The third part is the Trans-Urals. The eastern slope of the Ural Range breaks off with a ledge into the West Siberian Lowland.

Relief In the relief of the Urals, two strips of foothills (western and eastern) and a system of mountain ranges located between them, elongated parallel to each other in a submeridional direction, are clearly distinguished, corresponding to the strike of tectonic zones. There may be two or three such ridges, but in some places their number increases, up to six or eight. The ridges are separated from each other by extensive depressions along which rivers flow. As a rule, ridges correspond to anticlinal folds composed of older and more durable rocks, while depressions correspond to synclinal ones.

The Ural Mountains are located in the north-west of Russia. They lie between the East European and West Siberian plains. The length of the Ural Range is more than 2000 kilometers, the width is from 40 to 150 km. The highest point of the Urals is Mount Narodnaya (1895 m.). The Ural Mountains were formed in the late Paleozoic during the era of intensive mountain building (Hercynian folding). The formation of the Ural mountain system began in the late Devonian (about 350 million years ago) and ended in the Triassic (about 200 million years ago). In ancient sources, the Ural Mountains are called the Riphean or Hyperborean mountains. Russian pioneers called it Stone, under the name Ural these mountains were first mentioned in Russian sources at the end of the 17th century.

Climate The climate of the Urals is typical mountainous; Precipitation is unevenly distributed not only over the regions, but also within each region. The West Siberian Plain is a territory with severe continental climate; in the meridional direction, its continentality increases much less sharply than on the Russian Plain. The climate of the mountainous regions of Western Siberia is less continental than the climate of the West Siberian Plain. Interestingly, within the same zone on the plains of the Cis-Urals and Trans-Urals, the natural conditions differ markedly. This is explained by the fact that the Ural Mountains serve as a kind of climatic barrier. To the west of them, more precipitation falls, the climate is more humid and mild; to the east, that is, beyond the Urals, there is less precipitation, the climate is drier, with pronounced continental features. The climate of the Urals is varied. The mountains are stretched for 2000 km in the meridional direction, and the northern part of the Urals is located in the Arctic and receives solar radiation much less than southern part Ural, located south of 55 degrees north latitude.

Northern Urals This region is wider and higher than the Middle Urals (up to 1600 m). The area is located in a mountainous area covered with forests. The climate is more severe. The area is sparsely populated. The Pechoro-Ilychsky and Vishera (the fourth largest in Europe) reserves are located in the Northern Urals. There are a lot of berries and mushrooms in the forests, fish is well caught in the rivers. Tourist routes pass through uninhabited areas in full autonomy.

Central Urals This is the narrowest and lowest (up to 1000 m) part of the Urals. The area is located in the zone of coniferous forests (spruce, pine, larch). The Middle Urals is densely populated, the transport network and industry are developed, and business tourism is widely developed.

Southern Urals This is the widest part of the Urals. The eastern slopes are characterized by forest-steppe with numerous lakes, the western slopes up to a height of 1200 m are covered with forest, in the southern part - the steppe. In July and August, the weather is most clear and warm. Karst phenomena are developed on the western slope. The area is densely populated, with well-developed rail and road communications.

The work can be used for lessons and reports on the subject "Geography"

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Multimedia encyclopedia on the Ural region

Animal world

R vegetation

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Here you can find out about animal world Ural, as well as look at some representatives of this fauna.

figurative

4. Rodents

5. Chiroptera,

or volatile

3. Parnoko-

6. Insectivores

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Lagomorphs.

Pika: This is the smallest form of pika of the fauna of the USSR (less than 20 cm). She has a dark grayish-brown surface of the back. It is found mainly in the shrub-stony steppe.

Hares: There are two species of hares in the Southern Urals - hare and hare. The white hare runs along the outer edge of the ear white stripe, the hare has black. The tail of the hare is rounded, in summer with grayish fur on the upper side, and in winter all white. The hare has an oblong tail, with black fur on the upper side in both winter and summer.

Bears: One species of this family lives in our region - the brown bear, one of the largest representatives of the local fauna. In the strict sense, it cannot be called a predator - the bear feeds on a variety of foods: both animal (moose, roe deer), and in in large numbers vegetable (berries, nuts). Therefore, the bear's predatory tooth is almost not pronounced: it is not sharp, but has a tuberculous surface. In autumn, bears quickly get fat and in September-November they hibernate. The lair is arranged in a dry place.

Canine: The wolf belongs to the most harmful predators. It feeds on wild and domestic ungulates, hares, birds, carrion. The she-wolf arranges a lair under a twisted tree, under the roots, sometimes in the hole of a polar fox, a fox. Since September, the wolves leave the den area and begin a wandering life.

Common fox: The appearance of a red cheat, we are good

sho represent since childhood. From other similar species, a real fox is distinguished by the white end of the tail, the dark color of the ears and the front of the legs. Ural foxes are quite large (60-90 cm). They are found throughout the Urals. The fox lives in burrows. The fox is one of the most important commercial species, its fur is highly valued.

Korsak: Only in southern regions In the Urals there is a small steppe fox - corsac. Korsak is a typical steppe animal. In the virgin steppe, he digs holes sometimes with 8-11 moves. Korsak is nocturnal, hunting at dusk

Feline: The only member of the cat family

in the Urals - lynx. A typical cat, but large, about a meter long, on very high legs, with magnificent sides on the cheeks and large tassels at the ends of the ears. The lynx is characterized by a short, as if chopped off tail and a very wide paw, densely covered with coarse hair. Such paws play the role of a snowshoe, and the lynx, despite its rather large weight (up to 30 kg), can easily move through deep snow. In the Urals, lynx are widely distributed within the taiga and forest-steppe zones.

European mink: This predatory animal from the weasel family resembles a column and a ferret in body structure. In terms of body size, the mink is also close to these species (28-43 cm). But the paws, especially the hind ones, are equipped with well-developed swimming membranes. The fur is thick and short, brownish-brown in color, and at the end of the muzzle there is a white spot, often it also stands out on the chest. It is found in all regions of the Urals.

Black, or forest ferret: The black ferret got one of its names because of the color of the fur, which has a dark brown tint. On the back, through the sparse guard hairs, a light underfur is clearly visible. On an elongated grayish-white muzzle between the eyes there is a transverse white spot that forms a “mask”. Settled from the European part of the USSR to the south, north and east.

Siberian weasel: The Siberian weasel has average sizes for representatives of the weasel family (body length 25-39 cm). He has short legs, a long fluffy tail (13-18 cm), an elongated head with low wide ears. And of all the representatives of the marten family, the column has the most red hair, only the end of the muzzle of the beast is brown, and the lips and chin are white.

Ermine: It has a peculiar appearance: a thin, very flexible body, a lively rounded muzzle with small ears, a long non-fluffy tail, very short paws with sharp thin claws. The ermine looks especially beautiful in winter, when its skin competes with the whiteness of the snow. Only the black end of the tail, nose and beady eyes stand out clearly on it. In summer, the color of the animal is completely different: the upper part of the body and sides are brownish-brown, and the lower part is white or yellowish. It occurs from the Yamal tundra to the southern tip of the Ural Range.

Weasel: This is the smallest predator (body length 13-23 cm). A slender and flexible body is very similar to an ermine, but differs, in addition to size, in a short tail, the tip of which is pure white in winter, like the entire winter skin of a weasel.

Badger: According to the shape of the body, it does not look like any representative of the weasel family, although it belongs to them. This is a massive, squat animal, with a very short, almost imperceptible neck and a sharply tapering muzzle. The badger has short massive legs resting on the ground with the whole foot, on the fingers there are long blunt claws. The tail is also short, covered with coarse hair, as, indeed, the whole body of the animal. The small ear openings are covered with bristly hairs to prevent soil from getting into them. In autumn they hibernate. It is more common in the southern regions - in the Chelyabinsk, Orenburg regions.

Otters: This major representative mustelid family of the Urals. Appearance characteristic of the inhabitants of water bodies: a flexible elongated body (70-75 cm), a small flattened head with small ears, turning into a thin neck, short legs with well-developed swimming membranes, a tail densely covered with hair (50 cm). Otter fur has always been highly valued: it is strong and beautiful - shiny, dark brown on the back and sides, silvery below.

Hedgehogs: An ordinary hedgehog lives in the Urals. He has a shell of needles

on the head is divided into two parts by a neat parting. The belly and sides are covered with long and coarse fur. And the color of the needles, and the color of the fur Ural hedgehogs it can be different - light, brown and almost dark. Body length - 23.7 - 27.2 centimeters, weight 240 - 350 grams.

Eared hedgehog: Found in the Southern Urals and south of the city of Ufa. This is a resident of the steppes and deserts. The name itself draws attention to a distinctive feature - long ears: if you bend the ear forward, it goes behind the eyes. There is not eared hedgehog on the head and parting - the needles cover the head completely.

artiodactyls

The most characteristic distinguishing feature of these animals is

two fingers on the limbs, the ends of the fingers are dressed in a horn-hoof shoe.

Elk: The largest animal of the Urals: body length up to 3 meters, height at the shoulders - more than 2 meters, weight up to 450 kilograms.

Roe deer: The smallest representative of the deer family in the Urals. This is a slender animal with thin graceful legs and a very short tail hidden in the hair. Males have beautiful small horns up to 40 centimeters long, usually with three processes. In summer, the color of the roe deer is brown or reddish, in winter it is gray, the white “napkin” is clearly visible behind the roe deer.

Common squirrel: The appearance of the squirrel is well known - an elegant animal, with a fluffy tail and long ears with brushes. The fur is red, short and coarse in summer, long and soft, pleasant gray color in winter. But the fact that proteins are distributed on different groups by the color of the tail, few are known. The “darktail” has a black tail and tassels on the ears (10%), while the “browntail” has a brown tail and tassels (90%).

Flying Squirrels: They are squirrel-like in body shape and bushy tail. Flying squirrels differ from them, first of all, it is a leathery, woolly fold along the sides - between the front and hind legs. The color of summer fur is dark gray, winter-ash-gray. flying squirrel big eyes She leads a nocturnal lifestyle. Does not hibernate

Mouse-like: All representatives of this family are characterized by a long - usually equal to the length body or slightly longer - tail, elongated muzzle with large eyes and large ears and molars with three rows of tubercles.

Forest or northern mouse: This is a close relative of the jerboa, however, outwardly it looks more like a mouse, but with a longer and thinner tail (the body length of adult animals is about 6 cm, and the tail is 10 - 11 cm) and very large hind legs. The general coloration of the northern mouse is greyish-brown, and a black stripe runs down the back. In the Urals, it is found throughout the forest zone.

ordinary wood mouse: One of the common types of mice on

Southern Urals. Solid light red or you are the hallmarks of this animal. Wood mouse prefers broad-leaved and mixed forests, clearings, shrubs, and crops.

Yellow-throated wood mouse: It is larger: body length up to 13.5 tail - up to 13 centimeters, more intense ocher-rusty color of the skin, and a large yellow spot on the chest. It feeds on tree seeds.

Baby Mouse: The very name suggests that the animal is small. Indeed, the length of the body of a baby mouse does not exceed 6-7 centimeters. This is the smallest rodent of the Urals. The color of the fur can be different - bright red, brownish, reddish, and the belly is white.

Common hamster: The top of the body is ocher-brown, the belly is black, there are three large light spots on the sides, with the rear ones separated by a black stripe, behind the ears along a light spot. The hamster is a rather large rodent - the body length is up to 30 centimeters, and the tail is very short - about 4 centimeters. Occurs in the Southern Urals, on the Kukshik ridge.

Eversmann's hamster: This small animal with a dark gray back with a brown tint, a white belly and a brownish or yellowish-ocher chest can be found in the Southern Urals and in the adjacent steppe regions of the Trans-Urals.

Rats: Differ from mice in larger size, they have large bare ears and a long scaly tail with sparse bristles.

Chipmunk: Five black-brown stripes stretch along the back on a pale-whitish background, turning into ocher-rusty behind.

Sony: The main feature of this family is a fluffy tail, 16 molars, and from the anatomical features - the complete absence of the caecum and appendix - a feature not found in any other rodents.

Jerboas: Most jerboas live in the south

ny areas of our country. The peculiarity of their movement is jumping on their hind legs, so big jerboa and mouse hind legs are much longer than the front.

Large jerboa: An amazing animal with long hind legs, tiny front, large ears and a long thin tail with a black tassel. The beast is small (18-26 cm, tail 17-30 cm), but for some reason it seems huge at night. It lives in the steppe and forest-steppe regions of the Cis-Urals and Trans-Urals.

bats, or the bats.

Bats: Forelimbs bats modified in wings, this is the only group of mammals adapted for active flight. Like birds, they can fly long distances. They have very developed hearing, however, they see poorly both day and night. They navigate in flight with the help of hearing, emitting ultrasonic signals.

ANIMAL WORLD

At present, zoologists count the globe about 4 thousand species of mammals, on the territory of the USSR more than 300. The growth or decrease, and sometimes the disappearance of one or another species inevitably creates problems. Indeed, in the life of nature, where all processes are interconnected, mammals are the most important link.

All mammals of our country are united in nine orders. Representatives of 6 of them are found in the Southern Urals: insectivores, bats, rodents, lagomorphs, artiodactyls and predators.

Insectivores.

Shrews: These are the smallest mammals of the Southern Urals, and one species of them - a tiny shrew - can be generally called the smallest mammal of the fauna of the USSR: it weighs about 2 grams with an average body length of about 4.5 centimeters.

Moles: One species lives in the Southern Urals - the common mole. Its entire appearance: a cylindrical body, a small head with a muzzle extended into a proboscis, with very small eyes and no auricles, spade-shaped digging forelimbs - speaks of the underground lifestyle that this animal leads. The fur of the mole is thick, velvety, the pile is directed upwards, and not backwards, as in most mammals, so it easily moves both forward and backward. The mole sees poorly, but his sense of touch and smell are well developed. Ural moles are relatively small - body length 11.4 - 15.7 centimeters, weight up to 100 - 130 grams.

Small shrew: can be distinguished by well-developed auricles protruding from the fur, and the absence of brown coloration on the tops of the teeth, which are less in the shrew than in the shrew - 28

Most...Most...Most...

The largest animal of our places is the elk (the weight of the male reaches 600 kg), and the smallest is a shrew, its length without a tail 3 cm, weight 3,5 G.

The most voracious animal is the mole. During the day, he eats more food than he weighs himself. He cannot go without food for more than 8 hours.

The largest bird - the queen of the steppe lands - bustard (weight reaches 16 kg), and the smallest is a three-gram yellow-headed beetle.

The greatest master of disguise should be considered the spindle, this lizard has no legs and, painted in bronze, resembles a snake.

second section

Do you know?...

The animal world is one of the most important components environment which is of great importance to scientists.

Currently, zoologists count about 4 thousand species of mammals on the globe, more than 300 on the territory of Russia.

In total, there are more than 60 species of mammals and about 300 species of wild birds in the vastness of the region.

The commercial fauna of the Chelyabinsk region is 33 species of mammals and 70 species of birds.

Reptiles and amphibians are represented in the region by almost 20 species.

second section

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The most... The most... The most...

Herbarium

1. What herbs are "animal" names?

2. What medicinal herbs grow on the head?

3. What grass poisons cows and heals people?

4. What mushroom is poisonous, and curative for animals?

5. Which tree sinks in water and does not rot?

The most common tree in the Chelyabinsk region is birch, it is found everywhere. Forest-steppe forests and steppe groves are almost entirely birch, with the exception of island forests. Of the herbaceous plants, these are: dandelion, shepherd's purse, knotweed.

Our rarest tree is oak. Oak forests are found only in the west of the Ashinsky district. The easternmost oak trees can be found in the forest-steppe of the Nyazepetrovsky district. The rarest plant is the relic plant paradoxical bedstraw, which some researchers consider extinct.

The very south where you can find alder is Karagai forest. Almonds do not grow north of the Bredinsky and Kizilsky districts.

The tallest (more than 2 meters) herbs grow in logs and river valleys in the Ashinsky and Satka regions.

Due to the fact that the Chelyabinsk region is located in three natural zones, its vegetation cover is very diverse. Within its limits, you can find a variety of landscape types, ranging from mountain tundra and dark coniferous taiga, mixed and broad-leaved forests to feather grass steppes. The vegetation of the Chelyabinsk region is no less rich in species composition - from mountain-arctic to semi-desert forms. The number of species reaches almost 1500. In terms of species diversity, the vegetation of the Chelyabinsk region surpasses all other regions of the Urals, second only to Bashkiria. The Ural Mountains are an important climatic frontier. They cause significant differences in the nature of the vegetation of the European and Asian slopes.

More than 2800 thousand hectares are covered with forests in the region. The most valuable are conifers (about 28%).

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The upper parts of the mountains are occupied either by stone placers or tundra vegetation with mountain-tundra soils.

On the slopes of ridges and hills, gravel and gruss podzolized loamy and sandy soils are common.

In the upper part of the forest belt there are sparse grassy forests with mountain-meadow podzolized soils. Mountain gray and dark gray forest soils predominate under coniferous and mixed forests.

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In the mountainous part of the region, the vegetation cover can be traced altitudinal zonality. In the most high-mountainous part of the Southern Urals, the main belt is the belt of mountain-taiga dark coniferous forests, extending to an altitude of 1000-1500 meters above sea level. In its lower belt, fir-spruce forests predominate, among which there are larch-pine forests, sometimes with linden in the undergrowth. Forests in this belt alternate with meadow glades. Above is the under-girdle belt. Wood growth here is slowed down by a more severe climate and a short growing season. The forest in this belt is sparse and stunted (crooked forest of spruce, fir, larch, birch, mountain ash), alternating with wet subalpine meadows.

The tops of mountains with a height of more than 1200 m are occupied by "loaches". The forest does not grow here.

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On the western slopes of the Southern Urals, within the altitudes of 250-650m, there are southern taiga coniferous-broad-leaved forests. From conifers The most common are pine larch-pine and mixed linden-pine forests. In the extreme west of the mountain-forest zone (Ashinsky district), broad-leaved forests are common. The main species are: linden, maple, elm, elm, alder, aspen, birch, oak and others.

The undergrowth in these forests is made up of hazel, mountain ash, willow, euonymus, honeysuckle, bird cherry, in some places raspberries and various types of wild rose. The rich grass cover includes ferns, European hoof, common goatweed, black cohosh, delphinium, manzhetka, and brome.

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The plain Trans-Ural spaces of the Chelyabinsk region are almost equally divided between the forest-steppe and steppe zones. The approximate border between them is the Uy River.

In the northern part of the forest-steppe zone, pine, spruce-pine and birch-pine forests alternate in the vegetation cover.

The southern part of the subzone is the peg forest-steppe. Meadow and forb-cereal steppes alternate here with pine forests and birch groves. .

Pine forests are confined to outcrops of granite rocks, or to sand deposits in river valleys. Bagaryaksky, Kashtaksky, Chelyabinsk, Uysky, Duvankulsky, Varlamovsky and other pine forests are known in the zone.

Birch groves are located mainly in heavily moistened depressions, but often also in watershed areas.

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Almost in the middle of the zone, along the sixtieth meridian, passes the Ural-Tobolsk watershed. On this watershed there are many pine forests and pegs, they give the impression of a forest-steppe landscape. However, their grass cover and undergrowth consists of typically steppe species.

To the west of the watershed, along the Ural River basin, the vegetation cover is heterogeneous. In the north, in the Verkhneuralsk region, are common meadow steppes with rich forbs, to the south it is represented by feather grass-forb steppes. To the east is an area of ​​forb-turf-cereal steppe. Alkaline meadows are widespread here.

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The wild flora of the region contains about 130 species. There is a large fund of fodder lands. There are more than 500 thousand hectares of hayfields and more than 1 million hectares of pastures here.

There are many types of honey plants: linden, maple, almond, caragana (yellow acacia), hawthorn, wild rose, bird cherry, mountain ash, clover and many others.

In the flora of the region there are about 150 species of medicinal plants used in the official and traditional medicine(table.)

The development of industry and agriculture has led to negative consequences: the stocks of plant resources are declining, the conditions for the existence of entire communities and individual species are deteriorating. Many of them are becoming rare, some are threatened complete disappearance(table.)

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The most common medicinal plants in the area

1. Spring Adonis (starodubka) Forest-steppe and northern part of the steppe zone: edges, forest clearings, woodlands, hillsides.

2. Downy birch, warty Mostly in the mountain forest zone.

3. Blood-red hawthorn In the forest-steppe zone, along the edges. Cultivated

4. Common lingonberry In the mountain forest zone, in coniferous and mixed forests; in the forest-steppe - in pine-birch forests.

5. Valeriana officinalis Mainly in the mountain forest zone up to the upper border of the forest belt; in the forest-steppe - the banks of rivers, swamps, edges.

6. Highlander snake (crayfish necks) Very widespread in the mountain forest zone and adjacent areas of the forest-steppe, in damp meadows and forest edges, and on the outskirts of swamps.

7. Knotweed (knotweed) In all natural areas - along roads, waste places.

8. Origanum vulgaris Throughout the region on forest edges and clearings, in sparse forests and shrubs.

9. St. John's wort Often in the mountain forest zone and adjacent areas of the forest-steppe zone, in forest clearings and edges, in upland meadows

10. Wild strawberry green Very widely in all areas of the region, in light

(strawberries) sparse forests, clearings, clearings.

11. Dioecious nettle Everywhere: near housing, in vegetable gardens, in forest glades

and edges, along the banks of rivers.

Name of plants Distribution, habitat

12. Burnet officinalis In all areas of the region: in wet meadows, forest clearings and edges, along river banks.

13. Common raspberry Found in all areas: in forests, clearings and burnt areas, along river banks and in ravines.

14. Mother and stepmother Very widely throughout the region along ravines, banks of rivers and streams, in construction pits and quarries.

fifteen . Dandelion officinalis Grows everywhere, a malicious weed.

16. Common shepherd's purse - A very common weed in all regions of the region.

17. Large plantain Found in all areas of the region.

18. Common yarrow - Very common in all natural areas - in meadows, fields, slopes, forests, wastelands.

19. Common bird cherry Grows along river banks, along ravines, in floodplain meadows, mainly in the mountain forest zone.

20. Common blueberry Mostly in the mountain forest zone and adjacent areas of the forest-steppe, in coniferous and mixed forests, in meadows, along river banks.

21. Brown rosehip More common in the northern steppe regions and southern forest-steppe, in birch and mixed forests, in meadows, along river banks.

22. Rose hips Usually in the mountain-forest zone, in mixed forests, along the banks of rivers, swamps, lakes.

rare plants

Name of plants Distribution, habitat

Slipper real Mountain-forest zone and adjacent areas of the forest-steppe

Lady's slipper spot - Coniferous, mixed and birch forests mountain-forest zone

Lady's slipper large - Broad-leaved, mixed and dark coniferous, less often flowering light coniferous and birch forests of the mountain forest zone

Altai anemone broadleaf forests, floodplains of rivers, streams

Butterfly anemone Shaded slopes of mountains, floodplains of rivers, streams, in birch, aspen and alder woodlands of Nyazepetrovsky, Katav-Ivanovsky districts, foot of the ridge. Urenga and Taganay

Needle-leaved carnation It is confined to rocks, stony steppes: Ilmensky mountains, Sugomak, Egozinskaya; Cherry and other mountains

Carnation Ural On rocky outcrops in the steppe and forest-steppe zones

Pure white water lily Lakes, oxbow lakes, ponds, backwaters of rivers

Yellow capsule Lakes, oxbow lakes, ponds, backwaters of rivers

European bathing suit Mountain-forest belt

Lily curly (saranka) Forests, edges and glades in the mountain-forest and forest-steppe zones

Lyubka dvuhlistnaya Moist pine forests, birch forests, wet mixed forests

Krylov's fescue Moss-lichen stony tundra: Zigalga Ridge

Name of plants Distribution, habitat

Rhodiola rosea Mountain tundra and subalpine belt on the ridges (golden root) Urenga, Zigalga, Taganay

Russian hazel grouse Stony slopes and ravines of the steppe zone: the interfluve of the Ural and Bolshaya Karaganka rivers

Hazel grouse Solonetzic meadows, beams

Tulip of Bieberstein Steppes, river valleys, steppe meadows

Siberian phlox Steppe rocky slopes: Borzovskiye mountains, district of Miass

Yaskolka Krylov Moss-lichen mountain tundra: Zigalga ridge

Orchis slam-bearing Marsh shores, wet meadows, forest clearings and edges in the mountain forest zone.

Adonis. Latin name: Adonis vernalis Distribution zone: forest-steppe

Perennial plant of the buttercup family. The leaves are strongly dissected. Flowers solitary, yellow, large. Stems 15-70 cm high with a short rhizome, blooms in May-early July (first flowering at 10-20 years). The fruit is a polynutlet that ripens in June-July. It reproduces mainly by seeds, which are carried by ants. Grows in forest, steppe, forest-steppe zones. Usually forms groups and sparse thickets. Prefers chernozems and dark gray forest soils. Photophilous. Poisonous but valuable medicinal plant. The grass contains cardiac glycosides (the harvesting period is from the beginning of flowering to shedding of fruits), the stocks of raw materials are rapidly decreasing due to improper harvesting - damage to rhizomes, harvesting in the same places and more. To preserve the population, reserves are organized, especially in the forest-steppe regions of Western Siberia. The plant has been cultivated since the 17th century, widely used as an ornamental.

Highlander snake or crayfish necks. Latin name: Polygonum bistorta. Distribution zone: Meadows and swamps

A genus of plants in the buckwheat family. One- or perennial herbs, less often shrubs, shrubs and lianas. Flowers are bisexual, often protandrous, in spicate or paniculate inflorescences, sometimes axillary. Pollinated by insects, often self-pollinated. The fruits are trihedral or lenticular, enclosed in an overgrown perianth. Highlander serpentine or serpentine is a medicinal plant.

Coltsfoot. Latin name: Tussilago farfara. Distribution zone: Forest-steppe

Already in early spring, on slightly thawed hillocks and southern slopes of ditches, even among the snow, the medicine you need grows. On short plump greenish-gray stems, yellow flower baskets bloom, resembling a dandelion, but much smaller. When the flowers fade, large, toothed leaves grow. From above they are bright green, glossy and cold to the touch, and from below they are white, covered with soft, delicate felt. A cold stepmother and a tender mother.

European swimsuit. Latin name: Trollius europaeus. Distribution zone: Gornolesnaya

The genus name is from the German word "trollblume", i.e. troll flower. Perennial herbaceous plant with a straight stem 15-20 cm tall with one or less often several flowers. Stem leaves three to seven lower on petioles, upper sessile with blades, shallower upwards. The flowers are large, up to 5 cm in diameter. Sepals sulphurous-yellow, broadly oval, strongly concave, overlapping and covering inner part flower. Orange petals - nectaries shorter than stamens, about 7 mm long. Fruit from numerous leaflets collected with a spherical head. Boreal European view. It grows in the mountain-forest belt of the Urals in forests, glades. ornamental plant. Intensively collected by the population.

Lily locust. Latin name: Lilium martagon. Distribution zone: Gornolesnaya

Perennial plant with a high (50-120 cm) straight stem and whorled lanceolate leaves. top leaves the inflorescence has alternate ones. The bulb is golden-yellow, 2-4 cm in diameter, consists of imbricate overlapping fleshy scales. The flowers are white, yellow, red, orange on arcuate peduncles, 3-10 are located at the top of the stem with a sparse raceme 10-30 cm long. The perianth is six-leaved, meat-red in color, with dark purple speckles inside, sparsely covered with cobweb hairs on the outside. The tepals are oblong, strongly curled back, about 4 cm long and 1 cm wide. Capsule hexagonal, with sharp ribs, obovate, 26-30 cm long, three-celled, with numerous seeds. Grows in forests, forest meadows and clearings.

Description of the presentation on individual slides:

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Natural conditions largely determine the direct impact on the resettlement of people, their lives, occupations, health, and the location of production. Due to its large meridional extent, the Urals are distinguished by contrasting natural conditions. The degree of favorable natural conditions

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Element Hurricane winds Return of frosts Avalanches and landslides The contrasting nature of the Urals contributes to the occurrence of various natural disasters on its territory. Fires Severe frosts Stormy floods Drought Exit 1. Happen annually in summer in forests and steppes 2. Happen almost everywhere in winter 3. Spring element on rivers 4. Often in summer in the Southern steppe Urals 5. This element blows roofs and breaks trees 6. Can happen in summer , when no one is waiting anymore 7. Possible in the highlands of the Urals Determine the natural phenomena in the Urals according to the prompts: Students are asked to determine what natural phenomena are possible in different regions of the Urals. To do this, alternately click on the hint rectangles. Pictures and clues will open

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Description of the slide:

exit Resources http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/UralOb.png - map of the Ural Mountains http://www.gazetairkutsk.ru/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/holodno.jpg - photo of severe frost http://foto-runeta.ucoz.ru/_ph/22/113260687.jpg - photo of fire http://channel.nationalgeographic.com/staticfiles/NGC/StaticFiles/Images/Show/25xx/254x/ 2540_Most_Extreme_Jobs-2_04700300.jpg - avalanche photo http://lib.a-grande.ru/navig/inzer1/in9.jpg - Ural mountain photo http://www.alpclub.ur.ru/alp/uvk/2009/tag /gg.jpg - photo of climbers at the top http://www.photocity.ru/Album147/00006.jpg - photo of Ural Mountain http://www.contreinfo.info/IMG/arton1662.jpg - photo of drought http:// wroom.ru/userimg/forum/1278273100.jpg - photo squally wind http://img-fotki.yandex.ru/get/3006/tatianatr.b/0_2496c_1a045047_XL - photo return of frosts http://zstore.zman.com/ images/2008/03/16/9fd827703845db588e70e4f0e9e6c4fc.jpg - flood photo http://selhozpostavka.com.ua/pic/catalog/catalog_info_3_473.jpg - harvester photo http://g eo-ural.narod.ru/IMG_4.JPG - photo mountain river http://www.naftan.by/img2/gallery/15.jpg - photo Ural plant http://pregions.od.ua/upload/images/ img_1238494807.jpg - photo in the mine http://www.southural.ru/photos/photos/3549.jpg - photo of the meander of the river http://img-2006-12.photosight.ru/01/1794666.jpg - photo of the south Ural http://www.polarural.narod.ru/ural/mount/m15.jpg - photo of Cis-Ural http://festival.1september.ru/files/articles/55/5598/559823/f_clip_image002.jpg - photo of Trans-Ural http:// ://img-2003-10.photosight.ru/06/316340.jpg - photo northern Ural Atlas Physical Geography of Russia Grade 8. - M .: "AST-Press", 2001

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Nature of the Urals Presentation for a geography lesson Grade 8

The Urals is a geographical region in Russia and Kazakhstan, stretching between the East European and West Siberian plains. The main part of this region is the Ural mountain system. The Urals is located at the crossroads of Europe and Asia and is the border between these regions. The stone belt of the Urals and the adjacent elevated plains of the Urals stretch from the shores of the Arctic Ocean in the north to the semi-desert regions of Kazakhstan in the south: for more than 2500 km they separate the East European and West Siberian plains.

From natural resources of the Urals, it is of paramount importance mineral resources. Ural has long been the largest mining and metallurgical base countries. And in the extraction of some mineral ores, the Urals ranks first in the world. Placers of gold and deposits of platinum were found in the mountains, and precious stones were found on the eastern slope.

A couple of centuries ago, the animal world was richer than it is now. Plowing, hunting, deforestation have displaced and destroyed the habitats of many animals. Disappeared (hamsters, field mice) In the north you can meet the inhabitants of the tundra - reindeer, and in the south of the typical inhabitants of the steppes - marmots, shrews, snakes and lizards. Forests are inhabited by predators: brown bears, wolves, wolverines, foxes, sables, ermines, lynxes. Ungulates (moose, deer, roe deer, etc.) and birds of various species are found in them. Otters and beavers are found along the river valleys. In the Ilmensky Reserve, the acclimatization of the sika deer was successfully carried out, and the muskrat, beaver, deer, muskrat, raccoon dog, American mink, and Barguzin sable were also settled.

The Ural Mountains consist of low ranges and massifs. The highest of them, rising above 1200-1500 m, are located in the Subpolar (Mount Narodnaya - 1895 m), Northern (Mount Telposiz - 1617 m) and Southern (Mount Yamantau - 1640 m) Urals. The massifs of the Middle Urals are much lower, usually not higher than 600-800 m. The western and eastern foothills of the Urals and the foothill plains are often dissected by deep river valleys, there are many rivers in the Urals and in the Urals.

Rivers and Lakes Rivers belong to the basins of the Arctic Ocean (on the western slope - Pechora with Usa, on the east - Tobol, Iset, Tura, Lozva, Northern Sosva, belonging to the Ob system) and the Caspian Sea (Kama with Chusovaya and Belaya; Ural River) .

Cities of the Urals There are many versions of the origin of the toponym "Ural". An analysis of the language contacts of the first Russian settlers in the region indicates that the toponym, in all likelihood, was acquired from the Bashkir language. Indeed, of all the peoples of the Urals, this name has existed since ancient times only among the Bashkirs, and is supported at the level of the language, legends and traditions of this people (epos Ural-batyr). Other indigenous peoples of the Urals (Khanty, Mansi, Udmurts, Komi) have other traditional names for the Ural Mountains, assimilating the name "Ural" only in the 19th-20th centuries from the Russian language.