Sochi National Park. Sochi National Park: structure Take an imaginary trip to Sochi National Park

Krasnodar region

Founding history
Sochi national park- one of the very first parks created in our country. It was founded in 1983 with the aim of preserving and restoring natural complexes and objects of high environmental, scientific and recreational value. Its area is about 194 thousand hectares.
Sochi National Park - perfect place for ecotourism thanks to unique for our country climatic conditions, biological and landscape diversity, the uniqueness of many natural objects.

Physical and geographical features
The national park is located in the northwestern part of the Greater Caucasus, on its Black Sea slope. The relief of the territory is mountainous, strongly dissected.
Total for the territory national park 40 rivers and streams flow, the longest are Mzymta, Shakhe, Psou. Rivers and streams have a large number of waterfalls and canyons: Bezymyanny (72 m) on the Psou River, Orekhovsky (33 m) on the right tributary of the Sochi River at the confluence of the Bezumenka stream.
Interesting karst formations are located in the park - the famous Vorontsov and Akhun caves.
The subtropical climate of the territory is characterized by warm and mild winters and hot summers. average temperature air changes with altitude and movement from north to south. Average temperatures in the northern part of the coast in January are about +5ºС, in July +23ºС, and at an altitude of 2000 m (Cherkess Pass) -5ºС and +12ºС.

Diversity of flora and fauna
In the park, the most widespread forests are dominated by oriental beech. Its silver-gray trunks reach a height of 50 meters! Oak plantations occupy about a quarter of the forested area and are located mainly on the dry and warm southern slopes of the mountains. Only in the Caucasus vivo sowing chestnut (European) grows, which is a relic species.
Boxwood plantings are very picturesque: a lace of small, black-green, glossy foliage of boxwood and everywhere hanging from trunks and branches fluffy, long, like beards fairytale heroes, moss gives the forest a fantastic view of a green kingdom.
This territory, like the entire Caucasus, is rich in very rare and valuable species. Common figs, Caucasian lily, Caucasian kandyk, Lipsky tulip, species of orchids found here are listed in the Red Book of Russia: water-bearing ophrys, pyramidal anacamptis, purple orchis and many others.
Animal world The national park has about 70 species of mammals: brown bear, deer, lynx, Caucasian and European roe deer, marten, otter and others.
The most rare and valuable species animals are listed in the International Red Book. This is the Caucasian krestovka, the Aesculapian snake and the Caucasian viper.

What to watch
Dozens of tourist routes pass through the territory of the national park, many of which have a long history. They include visits to the Agur and Orekhovsky waterfalls, Mount Akhun, Vorontsov caves, Akhshtyrsky and Khostinsky canyons.
And you can’t help but visit the Narzan springs, the Mamedov Gorge, archaeological site"Dolmen", Volokonskoye gorge, speleological routes through numerous caves.

According to oopt.info and zapoved.ru

Sochi National Park is a huge territory, one of the first in our country that was taken under state protection. Today here you can meet impassable rainforests, and alluring snow-capped peaks, and mysterious caves, and rapid waterfalls. In general, this is a real paradise for lovers of natural beauty and those who want to diversify their lazy beach vacation.

On the territory of the national park laid great amount routes of varying difficulty. Some of them can be overcome on foot, others on horseback, and some can only be conquered by climbers and climbers. In any case, no matter which option the guests choose, there will probably be a lot of things waiting for them on the way. interesting places and natural attractions.

One of the main, which has become calling card not only the national park, but the entire resort city of Sochi - Mount Akhun. She gained fame primarily due to the observation tower located at the top. From the site you have a stunning view of the surroundings.

Another peak that is popular among tourists is Fisht. It is in her honor that one of the popular Olympic stadiums is named. The landscapes here are simply wonderful - green meadows, a snow-capped peak - many believe that this place is very similar to the Alps. Tourists living in Adler boarding houses with a swimming pool are attracted not only by the opportunity to enjoy the beautiful scenery, but also by the chance to get a dose of adrenaline by climbing using climbing equipment.

Sochi National Park is amazing place, with beautiful nature. Those who are in Sochi and nearby should definitely visit this amazing place, because you can admire the Agursky waterfall or the Volkonsky gorge. Coming here you can feel yourself in wild nature, the truth is you can not be afraid that you will be attacked wild boars or bears.

By the way, this fact is very encouraging. On the territory of the park itself, a huge number of rivers flow, which turn into waterfalls, both large and very modest in size.

It is also important to pay attention to the flora of the Sochi park. Well, that's where you will still see a large cluster of beeches, each of which reaches 50 meters in height.

What is also interesting is that massive oaks grow on the slopes of the mountains and sometimes it seems that they are falling into the abyss. But the massive roots of these trees keep them in the soil.

By the way, moss grows there. Lots of moss. Therefore, the surface of the earth there is soft, like a blanket, which creates a kind of fabulous impression from visiting this place.

Walking there, there is a high probability of stumbling upon a Byzantine temple, or rather its ruins. Of course, little is left of it, because it was built in the 12th century. But just imagine, you will have the opportunity to touch the history, the stones that were laid there many centuries ago. This trip is definitely worth it.

At the same time, near the Volkonsky Gorge there is a small waterfall, at the foot of which a lake has formed. As they say, these waters are curative. And it is worth taking at least one sip of them to give strength to the body.

Of course, not everyone believes in this, but the water there is really clean, so you can safely drink without fear of harming the body.

It is worth noting that the park staff very painstakingly approached the protection of its nature. So, on its territory there are 15 forestries, each of which breeds certain types plants.

There is a constant monitoring of the level of soil and water pollution. Most importantly, it is in this park that a system for restoring the leopard population has been developed. There are very few of them left in the wild, so the staff took up this issue.

They constantly control all individuals of this species and, if necessary, intervene, but not often, so that the leopards can lead their "wild" lifestyle.

It is important that the main goal of Sochi Park is to preserve natural look flora and fauna of the Black Sea coast.

studying the world, Grade 4 will now be able to make their imaginary journey to the Sochi National Park and answer the questions: What interesting things can you see there? What are the employees of the national park doing to protect the nature of the Black Sea coast?

"Sochi National Park" - all tourists who traveled to natural objects in the Greater Sochi area. Many of us are perplexed: “What national park? What a feature." So here

1. Sochi State Natural National Park appeared in 1983 and was, in fact, the first national park in Russia. Long before that, since 1870, there was a Sochi forestry. It included the Sochi and partially Velyaminovskoye (now the Tuapse district) departments of the Black Sea District. The forestry was engaged in the collection and planting of seeds, issued permits for hunting, catching birds and animals, was engaged in logging and selling timber.

By 1915, the area of ​​the Sochi forestry was 114,745 acres.

2. In November 1995 Sochi State Natural National Park was renamed Sochi National Park.

3. The area of ​​the park is 93,000 hectares - these are mountains and a narrow strip of foothills.

4. The park includes 15 forestries, the Arboretum and Southern Cultures parks, the leopard reintroduction center and the Priazovsky reserve.

5. About 40 rivers flow, 103 waterfalls are noisy.

6. Grows - 1500 species of native higher plants, and only 164 species are classified as trees, shrubs, semi-shrubs and lianas, and all the rest - to herbaceous plants.

7. 51 species of plants are listed in the Red Book of Russia. The most famous of them are 2 types of snowdrops, yew berry, boxwood Colchis, Caucasian lily.

8. There are 80 species of mammals, about 120 species of birds, 17 species of reptiles, 9 species of amphibians, 21 species of fish.

9. The Red Book of the International Union for Conservation of Nature includes 15 species of animals, including the leopard and the Caucasian viper.

10. On the territory of the park there is a significant number of karst massifs, there are about 200 caves in them. The most famous are the Vorontsovskaya and Nazarovskaya caves.

11. Found 114 monuments of history and culture - these are the sites of ancient people, settlements, dolmen structures, well-shaped tombs, the remains of fortresses, temples, burial mounds, a sacrificial stone.

12. The entire territory of the national park is divided into 5 zones. The most large area regulated recreational use - 86683 hectares, which is 44.7% of the entire territory. The smallest is the economic zone - 3453 hectares (1.8%). But the area, which is called the visitor service area in total - 13,031 hectares (6.7%).

13. There are no activities carried out within the national park. production activity.

14. For the entrance to the park, payment is taken from all tourists.

15. In March 2018, protected areas were to be merged into new structure- FSBI "Reserved Caucasus" ("Joint Directorate of the Caucasian biosphere reserve and Sochi National Park).

Now we can say with confidence that the Sochi National Park is not an invention of bureaucrats. This is a unique territory that needs to be preserved for posterity.

It is interesting

Sochi National Park was established in 1983 and became one of the first national parks in Russia. On a vast territory in the mountains, the size of which reaches 190 thousand hectares, any production activity was stopped. This land was transferred to the citizens of Russia for health and tourism purposes.
Sochi National Park is located in the south Krasnodar Territory, north of Sochi, in the foothills of the Greater Caucasus. Most The territory of the park is occupied by mountains dissected by river valleys. The foothill zone occupies a narrow strip along the Black Sea.
About 40 rivers and streams of the Black Sea basin flow through the territory of the Sochi National Park. Their length is small, only such rivers as Mzymta, Psou and Shahe are more than 50 kilometers long. Rivers and streams have a large number of waterfalls and canyons. The waterfalls are mainly located in the upper reaches of the rivers, 103 waterfalls with a threshold height of 2 to 73 meters are available for visiting.
The territory of the park itself is unique, because nowhere in Russia subtropics and highlands coexist so closely. That is why the mountainous Black Sea is characterized by the most complex spectrum in our country. high-altitude zones- from mountain deciduous forests foothills through mountain beech and coniferous forests to subalpine landscapes and highlands with exposed rocks and snow. The territory of the Sochi National Park belongs to the Colchis forest province with a very rich and diverse flora. In the Sochi National Park there are about 1500 species of native higher plants, of which 164 species are classified as trees, shrubs, semi-shrubs and lianas, and all the rest are classified as herbaceous plants. The number of relict breeds and endemics is large. The yew berry is included in the Red Book of the International Union for Conservation of Nature, which is often found in the Sochi National Park. And 51 species of plants are listed in the Red Book of Russia, including yew berry, Pitsunda pine, 2 species of snowdrops, 3 species of fingerheads, 3 species of ophryses, 9 species of thrushes, Colchis boxwood, Caucasian lily, Caucasian lyon and others.

The main places for tourists to visit in the Sochi National Park

33 Waterfalls- the Dzhegosh stream is located in the lower reaches of the Shakhe River, 11 km from the mouth and is the right tributary of this river. In the picturesque gorge there are numerous small waterfalls, rapids, waterfalls, which attract tourists and sightseers with their beauty. There are 33 waterfalls, 7 waterfalls and 13 rapids on the Dzhegosh stream. At a distance of 750 m from the mouth, a significant part of the Dzhegosh stream, 500 meters long, is a cascade of many low waterfalls, rapids and water slopes. The height of the upper waterfall is 2m, the lower one is 7m. Above the topmost waterfall there is a spring that gives water to the Dzhegosh stream.

Vorontsovsky karst complex- The Vorontsov cave system is located on the ridge of the same name near the city of Sochi, 18 - 20 km from the village of Khosta at an absolute height of 419 - 680 m above sea level. Vorontsovskaya cave is the longest karst cavity in Krasnodar Territory and takes 6th place in the classification of the longest caves in Russia. The length of the Vorontsovskaya cave is 11720 m, the height difference is 240 m. It is located in the upper reaches of the Kudepsta River, 3 km from the village of Vorontsovka, Khostinsky district. The system of Vorontsov caves consists of three parts: Vorontsovskaya, Labyrinth and Kabanya, which are interconnected by siphons - narrow passages filled with water. These labyrinths can be entered through 12 entrances, some of which were known to primitive people. The cave is not only a geological monument. Conducted archaeological excavations have found material evidence of the settlement of the cave by primitive man 15-20 thousand years ago. Stone and bone tools, animal bones, remains of dishes were found. The bones of a cave bear were found in the Bear and Hearth Halls. Next to the cave are interesting statues guardians, as well as a neo-Buddhist head spewing water.

Viewpoint Eagle's Nest- Arriving in Lazarevskoye, tourists tend to see all the beauties of this resort village. And they have a great opportunity to see them all at once. To do this, they should visit the observation deck "Eagle's Nest", which offers a magnificent panorama of Lazarevsky. The observation deck "Eagle's Nest" is not called so by chance. On its territory there is a real eagle's nest, which everyone can also see. Its size is impressive, it is a huge structure, consisting of tree branches and grass.

Agur Gorge- located in the bed of the Agura River in the Khostinsky district of the city, four kilometers from its confluence with the Black Sea. Here, for several hundred meters, there are three waterfalls with a height of 21 m - the upper one, 23 m - the middle one and 30 meters - the lower one. Since Agura feeds only on water that falls to the surface in the form of snow and rain, in summer time it often dries up completely, and waterfalls also disappear. Best time visiting this object is autumn-spring, when powerful rains fill the bed of Agura. Waterfalls then look menacing and majestic.

The fauna of the Sochi National Park includes about 80 species of mammals, about 120 species of birds, 17 species of reptiles, 9 species of amphibians, 21 species of fish. 15 species of animals are included in the Red Book of the International Union for Conservation of Nature, including leopard, corncrake, quail, Caucasian viper, Colchis snake, Colchis toad and others. Of those species of animals that are listed in the Red Book of Russia, 10 species of mammals, 9 species of birds, 4 species of reptiles, 5 species of amphibians, 3 species of annelids, from fish - trout and Ukrainian lamprey.
On the territory of the Sochi National Park there is a significant number of karst massifs - Alek, Akhun, Akhtsu, Akhshtyr, Dzykhra. There are about 200 caves on these massifs, of which 50 caves are the largest karst cavities that are of interest for scientific purposes and for speleotourism. The longest karst cavities in the country include the famous Vorontsovskaya cave on the Akhtsu massif, 12 kilometers long, and the Nazarovskaya cave on the Alek massif, 7 kilometers long. On the territory of the Sochi National Park there are 114 monuments of history and culture - these are the sites of ancient people, settlements, dolmen structures, well-shaped tombs, the remains of fortresses, temples, burial mounds, a sacrificial stone, obelisks and military monuments.
Priority The work of the park is connected with environmental education. For this purpose, centers environmental education with small museum displays.
After the creation of the Sochi National Park, its employees laid forest roads here, landscaped paths and bridges, and opened 50 natural sites for guests to visit. These were unique canyons, waterfalls, caves, dolmens, forest parks. And the guests did not keep themselves waiting - they poured on excursions to the Sochi National Park as part of numerous excursion groups.