Topic. Earth is the provider
Lesson of the world around in grade 4 on the topic:
"Earth-nurse"
Naumenko Natalya Vladimirovna
teacher primary school MBOU secondary school No. 13
Pavlovsky district Krasnodar Territory
Lesson Objectives:
Introduce students to various types soils and their composition;
Contribute to education junior schoolchildren respect for the soil; developing the ability to work in a group;
Promote development logical thinking, observation, the ability to express their opinions.
List of educational and additional literature
Textbook: A. A. Pleshakov "The World Around Us", Grade 4. Part 1., M.: Education, 2010.
Workbook: A. A. Pleshakov "The World Around Us", Grade 4. Part 1., M.: Education, 2010.
N.V. Lobodin. World around us. 4th grade: lesson plans. Volgograd: Teacher, 2006.
O.I. Dmitrieva, O.A. Mokrushin. Lesson developments for the course " The world" , 4th grade. M. : VAKO, 2004
I . Organizing time. Student motivation.
Hello guys!
Are you ready for the lesson?
I hope for you, friends!
We are a good friendly class
Everything will work out for us!
Today we have a regular meeting of the "Researchers" club. Let me introduce the participants of today's meeting.
II . Checking homework
Let's do the crossword puzzle.
(Slide 1)
Group work
1.It is very durable and resilient,
Builders reliable friend:
Houses, steps, pedestals
They will become beautiful and noticeable. (Granite)
5. It was cooked for a long time
In the blast furnace
Got famous
Scissors, keys. (Iron)
6. They cover the roads with them,
Streets in the village
It's also in cement.
He himself is a fertilizer. (Limestone)
8. If you meet on the road,
Then the legs get stuck a lot.
And to make a bowl or vase -
She'll be needed right away. (Clay)
9. He is black, shiny,
He brings warmth to the house,
It is light all around.
Helps to melt steel
Make paints and enamels. (Coal)
2. It is the most on earth.
You know him well.
Won't do without it
No car, no candy
No machines, no rockets. (Aluminum)
7. Will not run without it
No taxi, no motorbike
The rocket will not rise.
Guess what it is? (Oil)
3. He really needs the kids,
He's on the paths in the yard
He is at a construction site and on the beach,
It even melted into glass.
A real helper for people. (Sand)
4. Plants grew in the swamp,
They became fuel and fertilizer. (Peat
Upon completion of the check for slide 1.
Let's check how well you learned the previous topic. Let's do a test. (Slide 2 - select the correct answer by clicking the mouse)
Test "Our underground riches"
1. Mineral deposits are being searched for ...
a) archaeologists;
b) geologists;
c) builders.
2. Minerals include ...
a) brick, concrete, gasoline;
b) machines, vases, scissors;
c) oil, gas, clay.
3. Metals are obtained from ...
a) coal, amber, chalk;
b) pearls, limestone, peat;
c) iron ore copper ore.
4. With the help of drilling rigs, they extract ..
a) oil natural gas;
b) potassium salt, diamonds;
c) marble, granite.
5. Minerals with the property of combustibility ...
a) diamond, limestone, graphite;
b) coal, peat, oil;
c) iron ore, table salt, chalk.
6. Construction uses…
a) peat, iron ore, gems;
b) stone coal, malachite, anthracite;
c) sand, clay, granite.
7. Mines are mined ...
a) coal, anthracite, iron ore;
b) table salt, pearls, granite;
c) limestone, shell rock, granite.
III . Formulation of the topic and objectives of the lesson.
There is a wonderful pantry on earth. If you put a handful of grain in it, you will receive a hundred handfuls in return (slide 4 - on click).
If you hide a potato, you will pull out a lot (slide 5).
A tiny seed turns into a huge watermelon (slide 6).
A thin sprout turns into a beautiful flower(slide 7).
A handful of seeds becomes a large pile of cucumbers, carrots, tomatoes, sweet fragrant fruits and berries.
Is it a fairy tale or not? This is not a fairy tale. There is actually a wonderful pantry.
What is it called? (Earth).
People have long called the earth a breadwinner. And that is what we are going to focus on today. (Slide 8)
IV . Discovery of "new knowledge"
Now open Dictionary, find the words; earth; and read what is written there.
The word earth has several meanings, one of them is soil.
Let's remember what is the soil? (top fertile layer of the earth).
What substances does soil consist of? (Slide 9)
That is main property soil? (Fertility)
The fertility of different soils is different.
Today we will learn what soils are.
And we still have to find out why the earth is called the "nurse".
We have already studied the natural areas of our country. So, each natural zone is characterized by its own type of soil.
The science of soils - soil science - was created by the Russian soil scientist Vasily Vasilyevich Dokuchaev. More than 100 years ago, Dokuchaev proved that the main types of soils are located on the earth according to the type of zonality. Each natural zone has its own type of soil. He compiled the first soil maps of Russia, created scientific classification soils.
Now we will consider sections of the main types of soil in our country. (Slides 11-16)
Tundra soils are common in the tundra.
Tundra soil is light, there is little humus in it. Why? (slide 10).
In the taiga, there is grayish podzolic soil (slide 11).
In deciduous forests - gray forest soils, it has a lot of sand (slide 12).
Chernozem soils predominate in the steppes. Chernozem - the soil is very dark in color, it has a granular structure, it is the most fertile (slide 13).
Swamp soil - contains a thick layer of peat (slide 14).
Meadow soil - there is enough humus in it. There is a thick layer of turf, which is formed by intertwining roots (slide 15).
Let's make a production break - rest.
Fizminutka. (Slide 16)
Wow, you seed-grain (arms to the sides)
Lie down in the furrow at the bottom! (squat)
You, do not be afraid, golden (hands to face)
Nothing that is dark there, (squat)
To the light, to the sun, from the earth (hands up in a squat)
You, sprout, let's go, (get up)
Like in the spring, at an early hour (turns)
Seeds sprouted from us (turns)
Came out to the sun from the darkness (stretch)
Hello sun, it's us (wave hands)
Small is still a sprout-child (tilts of the head)
Just out of diapers, (sit down)
Guys, what do you think, what soils prevail in our region? (We live in steppe zone, so we have dominated by chernozem soils)
In our region for the most part chernozem soils predominate. They are dark in color. Chernozem has a powerful upper fertile layer rich in humus. Chernozem soils are the most fertile in the world. Chernozem is the main wealth of our region. During the Great Patriotic War the Nazis drove the civilian population to the fields and forced them to remove about half a meter of black soil. Then they loaded this land onto platforms and took it to Germany.
Do you think soil fertility is infinite or will it ever end?
Yes, fertility must be preserved, but how - we will now learn from the textbook.
To do this, sit down in groups and get a task to speak at the academic council. You are faced with the problem “How to protect the soil?”
1 group- what rules must be followed when building roads, factories, mining? (it is necessary to remove a layer of soil, and then put on former place or use it for landscaping)
2 group– how to protect the soil from the effects of wind and water flows? (Plant shelterbelts, carry out snow retention, properly plow the soil.)
3 group What is the soil afraid of? (Pesticides, too much fertilizer, too much watering)
V . Consolidation of new knowledge.
And now we will make a memo for agricultural workers on soil protection. Look at the slide and remove the wrong actions. (Slide 17)
Match soils and natural area(slides 18-24, you need to click on the correct answer)
Even in the old days, our ancestors called the earth a breadwinner, mother. They took her with them on distant wanderings, because they believed that she gives strength and helps in everything in foreign lands. People have always taken good care of the land. Poems and songs were written about her. Let us love, appreciate the earth, take care of it. Then she will delight us with a rich harvest, dense forests, flowering fields. That is why the remarkable Russian scientist Dokuchaev said that soil is more precious than gold. People could live without gold, but not without soil.
VI . Reflection
Reflection (slide 25):
Today's lesson was interesting...
It was a revelation for me that...
Mine new experience I can use...
Homework (if needed in class)
1) S.171-174, complete task 2 /
2) Be prepared to talk about what you are doing to keep the plants in your area strong, healthy and produce a rich harvest.
We live on earth. " Man is taken from the earth, and feeds on the earth- This truth has been known for a long time.
We call the land "nurse" because it returns us a hundredfold what was sown in a good hour. " Bow to mother earth, she will reward you a hundredfold!”- this wisdom has been proven for centuries.
« Mother-Cheese-Earth feeds everyone, waters everyone, clothes everyone, warms everyone with her warmth!". For all those bounties that the earth sends down to man, the human race has filial feelings for her.
« There is nothing for a person in life holier than maternal feelings. The son of the native land - living and feeding on its bounties, the Russian people-plowman, breathing one breath with nature, is filled with truly filial love and reverence for Mother-Damp-Earth».
“And people all need food,
Don't get it, of course
No hard work.
You have to work on the ground
She is your nurse!”
(Author of the verse: Iris Revue
)
A person cannot live without food. It will just disappear. And the earth feeds man. But a seed thrown into the ground, without good supervision, without invested labor, and a kind word will not give a good harvest. Man works on earth. Ordinary people plow, sow, harrow. Skills and experience are passed on from generation to generation. Each watchman knows a lot of tricks for cultivating the land. " The earth is a nurse, and even then she asks for food and drink". A lot of proverbs, sayings, rhymes, invocations about the native land, the breadwinner of people, have been composed among the people.
"Fertilize the land more - the harvest will be higher."
"What goes around comes around".
"He works well - the bread will be born."
"The earth is not plowed at a gallop."
« Goy, the earth is damp,
dear earth,
Mother is dear to us!
She gave birth to all of us
Raised, raised
And endowed with land;
For us, our children,
Drink clean water
And gave birth to every kind of cereal»…
So the conclusion suggests itself: "The earth is a plate: what you put in, then you take."
“They beat me, beat me, toss me, cut me, And I endure everything and cry well."
IRON ORE
LIMESTONE
SAND
CLAY
PEAT
COAL
OIL
NATURAL GAS
- Lightweight, absorbs moisture, burns well, serves as bedding for livestock, fertilizer.
- It is mined, heavy, strong, malleable, consists of small, densely connected grains.
- Black, with a noticeable luster, hard, sinks in water, combustible.
- Durable heavy breed, it comes in gray, pink, red colors. Consists of grains of several minerals: feldspar, quartz and mica.
5. Usually white or gray stone, formed from the remains of marine organisms.
6. Dark oily liquid, burns, gasoline, kerosene, fuel oil are obtained from it.
7. Formed during the destruction of granite, used in construction and glass production.
8. Plasticity, used in construction and pottery.
- Peat
- Iron ore
- Coal
- Granite
- Limestone
- Oil
- Sand
- Clay
Use arrows to connect the mineral and its properties:
LIQUID
FUEL
gaseous
OILY
WITH PUNGENT SMELL
LIGHTER THAN WATER
HEAVIER THAN WATER
PLASTIC
FUSIBLE
OIL
GAS
IRON ORE
CLAY
a) ARCHAEOLOGISTS
b) GEOLOGISTS
c) BUILDERS
2. Minerals include ...
a) BRICK, CONCRETE, GASOLINE
b) GLASS, VASES, SCISSORS
c) OIL, GAS, CLAY
3. In construction, ...
a) PEAT, IRON ORE, GEM
b) SAND, CLAY, GRANITE
c) MARBLE, COAL, MALACHITE
4. Metals are obtained from ...
a) COAL, AMBER, CHALK
b) PEARLS, LIMESTONE, PEAT
c) IRON ORE, COPPER ORE
5. With the help of drilling rigs, they extract ...
a) OIL, NATURAL GAS
b) POTASSIUM SALT, DIAMONDS
c) MARBLE, GRANITE
6. Mines are mined ...
a) LIMESTONE, SHELL STONE, GRANITE
b) COAL, IRON ORE
c) SALT, PEARLS, GRAPHITE
7. Quarries are mined ...
a) LIMESTONE, SAND, CLAY
b) GOLD, MALAKHITE, MARBLE
c) OIL, PEAT, BROWN COAL
8. Minerals with the property of combustibility are ...
a) DIAMOND, LIMESTONE, GRAPHITE
b) IRON ORE, SALT, CHALK
c) COAL, PEAT
What is soil?
The soil is a special natural body.
It is formed on the surface of the Earth as a result of the interaction of animate and inanimate nature.
The most important property of soil is
fertility . It is due to the presence in the soil humus.
Why is the earth called the "nurse"?
- What is the top layer of the earth called?
- What is soil made of?
- What color is the soil in our area? Why?
Soil composition
SAND
SALT
THE SOIL
CLAY
HUMUS
AIR
WATER
Cycle of matter and soil
Animals
Plants
Dead remains of plants and animals
Humus
salt
Microbes
In the Far North, the soil is almost the whole year
is in a frozen state. For a short
time the top layer thaws for only
several tens of centimeters. Wherein
waterlogging is created in the soil. Here
Are formed tundra soil.
More than half of the country's area is occupied podzolic soils . They form under forests in areas of excessive moisture. More precipitation falls here than can evaporate. The water is like washing the soil. With a small amount of plant residues and with intensive washing in the taiga, podzolic soil. They are poor in humus, so they are not very fertile.
Under woody vegetation mixed and deciduous forests, annually
shedding their leaves from the soil
gray forest .
The most fertile soils in our country are common in the forest-steppe and northern part of the steppe zones.
There are so many here precipitation how much can evaporate from the surface.
Here, the richest humus soils are formed - chernozems .
They have a granular texture.
It - the best soils our country.
Lugovaya
marsh soils contain a thick layer of peat.
AT meadow a layer of turf formed by intertwining roots of herbaceous plants is clearly visible.
Bolotnaya
Think!
A layer of soil 18 cm thick can be washed away by water
- in the forest for 500000 years
- in the meadow for 3225 years
- where there are no plants - just for 15 years
- What do these calculations of scientists say?
Work in pairs
- Why is the earth a "nurse"?
- Is life possible without soil?
- Why is soil disappearing?
- What will happen to plants, animals, people, if the soil suddenly disappears completely?
- What should be done to save the soil?
Let's check ourselves:
During construction:
On the fields:
1. in the construction of roads, factories,
residential buildings, you must first remove the layer of soil.
2. After use
her when landscaping the territory.
- We need to plant forest belts.
- Properly plow the soil on the slopes.
- In winter, carry out snow retention.
- Apply fertilizers and pesticides in moderation.
- moderately irrigate .
- LANDING FOREST STRIPS
- CARRY OUT SNOW RETENTION
- THE CORRECT POWING OF THE SOIL
- MODERATE FERTILIZER
- MODERATE USE
POISONIC CHEMICALS
It is interesting!
1cm soil for 250 - 300 years
20cm for 5 - 6 thousand years
pp. 160 – 163
retelling,
Class: 4
Presentation for the lesson
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Attention! The slide preview is for informational purposes only and may not represent the full extent of the presentation. If you are interested this work please download the full version.
Textbook: A.A. Pleshakov "The World Around Us" Publisher: Moscow "Prosveshchenie", 2012.
Goals: to acquaint children with various types of soils and their composition, human environmental activities; to promote the education of respect for the land; contribute to the development of logical thinking, observation, the ability to express one's thoughts.
Equipment: laptop, projector, screen, presentation.
Didactic material: soil samples, minerals (oil, peat, coal), explanatory dictionaries (author S.I. Ozhegov), cards with riddles and symbols, textbooks and workbooks, a map of natural areas.
I. Motivation for learning activities.
Hello guys! Are you ready for new discoveries?
We are a good friendly class
Everything will work out for us!
Then let's start working! Let's wish each other good luck!
II. Checking homework.
Today we have a regular meeting of the "Researchers" club. Let me introduce the participants of our meeting. Our class today is divided into groups (representation of captains). Let's remember the rules of working in groups. (Repeat rules).
Task number 1. Let's remember what minerals we talked about in the last lesson.
(Envelopes with three riddles are on the tables of each group. At the teacher's command, work begins. Time is given for discussion - 3 minutes).
Very strong and resilient
Builders reliable friend
Houses, steps, pedestals
Be beautiful and noticeable (granite)(Slide 2).He really needs the kids
He's on the paths in the yard
He is at a construction site and on the beach,
And he's even melted in glass (sand).Flowing through the pipe
Bakes pies (gas).Won't run without her
No bus, no taxi
The rocket won't go up
Guess what it is? (oil).No wonder she boiled
In a blast furnace
Got famous
Scissors, keys... (iron ore).If you meet on the road
Then the legs get bogged down
And make a bowl or vase,
Need it right away (clay).They cover the roads
Streets in villages (limestone).He brings warmth to the house,
Help to melt steel
Making paints and enamels
It's black and shiny
real helper (corner).Plants grew in the swamp,
Became fuel and fertilizer (peat).
Now let's check. (Teaching students read riddles and call a guess, each team).
Task number 2. And now let's talk about some minerals in more detail. Each group should prepare a story about a mineral. But what you will learn about by opening these magic boxes (the Teacher suggests the captains to choose one of the boxes that contain oil, peat, coal).
Teams must determine what kind of mineral it is, name its main property, where it is used, and select a symbol from envelope No. 2. (Slide 3).
And now let's start protecting our projects. (Teams present, others can agree or add something).
What do these minerals have in common?
What other mineral has the same property?
Fizminutka
As in spring, at an early hour (slopes)
Seeds sprouted with us (turns).
We went out, stretched to the sun (reach out),
Turn around and smile!
Hello sun! This is us! (we spread our arms to the sides)
They only came out of the ground (we walk).
III. Formulation of the topic and objectives of the lesson.
A word was lost in the title of the topic of our lesson, find it by solving the riddle. (Slide 4).
“......................- nurse”
They beat me, beat me, toss me, cut me,
And I endure everything and cry good (earth).
Today we have to find out why the earth is called the “nurse” and whether it needs protection.
So what is the purpose of our lesson? (Students repeat the purpose of the lesson.)
IV. Discovery of "new knowledge".
Soil and its composition.
Does anyone know what the top layer of the earth is called? (the soil)
Try to look up the meaning of the word "soil" in the dictionary now. (Working with explanatory dictionaries, the meaning of the word is clarified).
Let's remember the composition of the soil? (Slide 5).
Introduction to soil samples.
The science of soils - soil science was created by the Russian scientist - soil scientist Vasily Vasilyevich Dokuchaev. More than 100 years ago, he proved that the main types of soils are located on the earth according to the type of zonality. Each nature zone corresponds to its own type of soil. He compiled the first soil maps of Russia, created a scientific classification of soils. Now let's get acquainted with different types of soils.
AT different places Our country's soils are not the same. Soil scientists distinguish 6 main types of soils. Consider the sections of the main types of soils (Slides 6,7).
In the tundra, tundra soils are common, in the taiga and mixed forests- podzolic soils, in deciduous forests - gray forest soils, in the steppes - chernozem soils. Swamp soils are typical for marshes, meadow soils for meadows. (Working with a map of natural areas).
The most common soils in our country are podzolic, the most fertile chernozems. (Consideration of samples of podzolic and chernozem soils). These soils are rich in humus. The darker the soil, the more fertile it is. During the Second World War, the Nazis exported our black soil to Germany.
Bog soils contain a layer of peat. And in meadow soils, a thick layer of turf is clearly visible, formed by intertwining roots of herbaceous plants.
We got acquainted with various types soils, but did not answer the question “Why is our land called the nurse?”
Let's listen to the fairy tale about the magic pantry (student's story) (Slide 8).
“I'll tell you a fairy tale about a magical pantry. If you put a handful of grain in it, you will receive a hundred handfuls in return. If you hide a potato, you will pull out a lot. She is under our feet. And it is called the earth. Yes, only then she is kind and generous when people are kind to her, and when they skillfully cultivate the land: they plow, fertilize, water. And rightly so. How is it possible to take everything from the earth and give nothing in return? Yes, any pantry will be empty in an instant. So it is with the magic pantry. Since ancient times, mother earth feeds people. But not always people guessed what wealth it conceals in itself. At a time when people did not yet know how to plow and sow, they took only what the earth itself had in store for them: berries, mushrooms, juicy stalks. Then people realized that they could specially bring grain from the fields and plant it near their homes. The first spikelets of bread grew. First barley, then wheat, rye. This is how the land became kind and generous, giving rich harvests to people.”
Continue the saying: What you sow, you will reap. (Slide 9) How do you understand its meaning?
So why is the earth called the nurse? (The earth feeds people, plants grow on it that a person eats).
But not only the earth feeds man, but also insects, birds, animals.
Soil protection (Slide 10).
But she - our breadwinner - needs protection. After all, one centimeter of soil is formed in nature in 250-300 years! Therefore, our soil needs to be protected and caring attitude. But what you need to do for this you will learn by reading in the textbook on pages 32-34. (Checking the read by conventional signs).
Consider conventional signs in workbook and tell them what to do to protect the soil.
Drawing up a memo on soil protection (work in groups). Compare with the standard. (Slide 11).
V. Reflection.
The meeting of the Explorers Club is coming to an end. Let's summarize our research work. The answers of the students are built according to the following principle:
Today's lesson was interesting...
It was a revelation for me...
I can use my experience...
Even in the old days, our ancestors called our land a breadwinner. She was taken with them to distant lands as a talisman. They wrote poems and songs about her. So let's also love, appreciate and protect our nurse!
The great Russian scientist V.V. Dokuchaev said that land is more valuable than pearls and gold. People can live without gold, but without land...? (Slide 12).
Self-assessment of activities with the help of the Knowledge Ladder, assessment of work by the teacher.
VI. Homework. (Slide 13).
Textbook p.31-34, work. notebook p.53 No. 2,3.
Find proverbs and riddles about the earth (optional).
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