Pioneer history. Pioneers - Heroes of the Great Patriotic War (20 photos)

On February 11, 1930, Valya Kotik was born - the youngest Hero of the Soviet Union, a young reconnaissance partisan. Along with him, many children performed feats in the war. We decided to recall a few more pioneer heroes of the Second World War

Valya Kotik

Petr Klypa

Vilor Chekmak

Arkady Kamanin

Lenya Golikov

Volodya Dubinin

Marat with his sister Ariadna

MUNICIPAL STAGE OF THE ALL-RUSSIAN CHILDREN'S COMPETITION

SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND CREATIVE WORKS

"FIRST STEPS IN SCIENCE"

Section: Cultural heritage

Topic: “From the life of the pioneers. Facts and Events.

Scientific adviser: Yurchenko Galina Ivanovna,

teacher primary school, MOU "Novosadovskaya secondary school"

Place of work: Novosadovy village, Novosadovskaya secondary school

2016

Table of contents

1. Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Purpose, tasks. Relevance.

2. The main part. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6

3. Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6

Annex 1 Search for information

Appendix 2. From the archive of Yurchenko G.I. From the life of the pioneers.

Appendix 3. From the archive of Bredikhina M.V. From the life of the pioneers.

5. List of sources and used literature. . . . . . . . . . . . . ten

We are in 3rd grade. All elementary school students of our school are members of the Spektr children's organization. Once, on the line, which takes place every week, where we discuss school life, the senior counselor Biryukova Elena Vyacheslavna gave our class a task: to collect material about the veteran of the pioneer movement Yurchenko G.I. , our class teacher

We, young researchers, were interested in the questions: “What does the word “pioneer” mean? Who can become a pioneer? What do pioneers do?

We decided to ask not only our teacher, but also our parents. Were they pioneers when they were in school? What kind Interesting Facts And do they remember the events of their pioneer life?

We asked this question to parents, teachers, and employees of our school (people of the older generation).

This is how our research work was born.

The theme of our study is “From the life of pioneers. Facts and Events.

The purpose of the study: to get acquainted with some facts and events from the life of former pioneers.

Tasks

Conduct a survey about pioneers with parents, teachers;

study literature and sources with information on the topic;

collect interesting facts from the life of the pioneers;

Draw conclusions about the research topic.

Relevance of the topic:Pioneer organization is an important stage in the history of our state. The modern generation should know the history of their country.

Hypothesis:Most of our relatives and acquaintances of the older generation speak of their pioneer years with warmth and believe that "an organization similar to the pioneer" would be needed even now.

Turning to Ozhegov's dictionary, we learned that the word "pioneer" has many meanings:

1. 1. A person who was one of the first to come and settle in a new unexplored country, area. (book).

      A person who laid the foundation for something new in the field of science, culture;

3) Member of a children's organization in the USSR and a number of children's organizations in some other countries

The search for literature, documents, photographs, attributes of the pioneer organization and pioneers began. The search was carried out in the archives of our school museum, and parents and the class teacher were asked to bring their photographs of those years. We interviewed our parents, grandparents, teachers, and school staff about the experiences of their time as pioneers.

Our teacher Galina Ivanovna told us that insestudentsThose who studied at school in the lower grades were called Octoberites, then they were accepted as pioneers, and high school students became Komsomol members.The All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. I. Lenin - a mass children's communist organization in the USSR, was formed by the decision of the All-Russian Conference of the Komsomol on May 19, 1922, since then May 19 has been celebrated as Pioneer Day.

The guys joined the pioneer organization voluntarily. Everyone spoke about their desire to become a pioneer to the senior pioneer leader. October at the meeting of the October group discussed who is worthy of becoming a pioneer. This is a very important and serious conversation about friendship and camaraderie, loyalty to one's word, study and discipline of everyone. All those wishing to join the pioneer organization were invited to the general meeting of the pioneer detachment. The pioneers raised their hand, voting for the admission of each entrant. It is considered adopted if the majority of the pioneers voted for it. After that, at the solemn pioneer lines in front of the Red Banner of the squad, everyone who joined the pioneer organization uttered the words of the Solemn Promise.

“I (last name, first name), joining the ranks of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. I. Lenin, solemnly promise in the face of my comrades: to love my Motherland passionately, to live, study and fight, as the great Lenin bequeathed, as the Communist Party teaches, always fulfill the laws of the pioneers of the Soviet Union. These were special moments in the lives of the guys. Communists and Komsomol members, senior pioneers tied a red tie and pinned a pioneer badge. For the first time, to the call: “Pioneer, be ready to fight for the cause of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union!” - you need to answer: “Always ready!” - and raise your hand in a pioneer salute.

Schoolchildren aged 10 to 14 were accepted into the pioneer organization.Joining the pioneers was a joyful event. The status of the student changed: he considered himself an adult, responsible for his actions andaffairs.The title of a pioneer is very importantalo. After joining the pioneersa pioneer detachment was created in the class, the guys chose the name of the pioneer for the detachment– hero, nand who wanted to be like.

The name of the detachment, as Galina Ivanovna told us, was assigned for a reason, it had to be earned, so a lot of work was carried out. So, Matyukhina Valentina Semenovna, now a teacher of the Russian language and literature at our school, and earlier a senior counselor at our school, recalls: At the beginning school year in the 3rd grade, when the pioneer detachment was to be given the name of a hero, the guys collected material about his feat, began to draw up an album. Valentina Semyonovna said thateach detachment had its own motto, slogan, a pioneer corner was formed in the classroom.

We read about the pioneers - the heroes whose names the pioneer detachments and squads were named. These are Valya Kotik, Volodya Dubinin, Marat Kazei, Zoya Portnova, Lenya Golikov, Vitya Korobkov.

We also learned from Lyudmila Ivanovna Chaplina, who was also a senior counselor in our school, and now a teacher of Russian language and literature, that the Council of the Squad was the collective body of pioneer self-government that organized the work of the pioneers. They elected initiative guys to the Council who themselves know how to come up with something interesting. One knew how to attract everyone with sports, the other was a constant entertainer interesting games. On the birthday of the detachment, the pioneers are solemnly awarded the detachment flag, horn and drum. The detachment chooses a detachment pioneer song and chants. He keeps a pioneer chronicle-diary of detachment affairs.

The pioneer detachment operated constantly: on weekdays, on holidays, on vacation days. The council of the detachment or squad, the pioneer leader gave instructions to the pioneers, taking into account their interests, desires and skills. No matter who the detachment chooses you - the chairman of the detachment council, the link leader, the October leader, the editor of the wall newspaper, whoever you appoint - the commander of the Timurov team, the fizorg, the guide of the school museum, you are responsible for the fulfillment of your order to the whole detachment.

And here is what our parents and school staff told us.

Guznarodova Zinaida Aleksandrovna (grandmother of Kosarev Stepan)

“We always went to school in pioneer ties. If there was a holiday, the uniform was full dress, with a white apron. The tie is neatly tied under the collar of the dress. If you forgot it at home, it was scary to go to school - the discipline of the pioneers was strict.

Lyudmila Vasilievna Lyulina, primary school teacher, and in school years pioneer of the Novosadovskaya school, recalled:Pioneers - Timurovites helped pensioners: they carried firewood, coal, weeded weeds in vegetable gardens, watered the beds - they did any other feasible work. This brought up diligence in children, a desire to help another person.

Mom Telysheva Darinatoldaalso about thatm what good achievers guysalways helped the lagging behind in their studies. “Not a single one lagging behind” is the law by which the pioneer detachment lived.

And here is what the mother of Bredikhina Vladislava told us.

Bredikhina Marina Vyacheslavna (nee Chalushkina) studied at Sudzhanskaya high school No. 2, Sudzhansky district of the Kursk region and has been a pioneer since 1981.

“When you tie a tie, take care of it.

He's the same color as our banner.

And under this banner, fighters go into battle.

Brothers and fathers fight for their homeland.

This order was given by senior comrades when they accepted us into the ranks of the pioneer organization of the school and tied a red tie around our neck - a symbol of the pioneers of that time. In a solemn atmosphere, we took the oath of the pioneers. How much pride there was when you had a scarlet tie around your neck - a piece of the red banner with which our soldiers went into battle for the Motherland.

It was very honorable to be a pioneer, because the most worthy guys became them. I immediately wanted to live in a new way, to be a useful and necessary person.

Pioneer means the first everywhere and in everything!

We lived a very interesting, fun life, full of exciting ideas. Our pioneer squad was named after our countryman Vasily Volkov, a hero of the USSR who died during the Great Patriotic War.

The pioneer team of the school organized its work in five areas:

Pioneers - Motherland.

The guys helped the collective farms and state farms of the region to harvest onions, apples and sugar beets. AT free time collected waste paper and scrap metal to give new life paper, machines and machine tools, in a word, they learned to treat the riches of their homeland with care.

Pioneers are friends of beauty.

We went on hikes, there we learned to protect nature. Organized excursions to museums where they studied history native land and our great Motherland.

Pioneers are strong, courageous, dexterous.

The children took part in sports competitions with pleasure, between the pioneer detachments of their school and the squads of neighboring schools in the city, they held military Zarnitsa.

Pioneers are heroes.

At this stage, the children studied the biography of young pioneers who, during the Great Patriotic War, accomplished feats in the struggle for the freedom of our Motherland. We really wanted to be like these young pioneers - heroes, because they were our peers.

Pioneers - Patriotsinternationalists.

In our school, a lot of work was done on the patriotic education of children. With the help of teachers and high school students, the Patriot club was organized, where the guys conducted search work for the dead soldiers, organized meetings of WWII veterans of the participants in the Battle of Kursk (180th Tank Brigade and 111th Red Banner Regiment, who liberated our city of Sudzha from Nazi invaders). The dream of every pioneer of our school is to be a member of the Patriot club and it is a great honor to give a tour of the school museum of military glory at least once.

And every summer we went to a pioneer camp; where we learned to be friends, where everyone could reveal their talent and where other guys and pioneer leaders helped each of us to believe in ourselves”

The director of our school, Chaplina Tamara Alekseevna, and earlier a student of this school, said that the best pioneers were awarded vouchers to pioneer camps of All-Union significance - to Artek and Orlyonok. For excellent studies and active work in the pioneer organization of the school, Tamara Alekseevna visited Artek, where children from all over the world rested.

Conclusion:

We believe that every person should know the history of their country. And the children's pioneer movement is one of the pages of Russian history in the 20th century.

It was very interesting for us to find out how our peers lived and what their peers did in the last century. We learned who the pioneers were, why they were called that, who and when they were accepted as pioneers, got acquainted with the laws of the pioneers. When writing the work, we met interesting people from our village. We also learned that the pioneer movement in the USSR was organized by order of the state, the state sought to educate its citizens from early childhood. And the pioneers during the Second World War showed how they love their Motherland, how devoted they are to it.

We also liked the laws of the pioneers and we believe that we can also fulfill some of them. Here, for example: “To be devoted to one’s Motherland”, “To strive to be the best in studies, work and sports”, “To be an honest and faithful comrade”, “To be a comrade and counselor of younger students”.

We conducted a survey of teachers in our school. To the question: - Did you like the pioneer organization? - all answered: - Yes. It was very interesting, because a lot of interesting things were carried out, including the collection of scrap metal, waste paper, sponsorship of Octoberites, the Timur movement, trips, trips to pioneer camps. And don't ask any of the adults, they all sadly said that today's children cannot know what it is to be a pioneer.

And we learned that being a pioneer is very honorable and interesting.

Attachment 1

Appendix 2 From the archive of Yurchenko G.I. From the life of the pioneers.

Informants:

Yurchenko Galina Ivanovna - teacher of the Novosadovskaya secondary school

Lyulina Lyudmila Vasilievna - teacher of the Novosadovskaya secondary school

Matyukhina Valentina Semyonovna - teacher of the municipal educational institution "Novosadovskaya secondary school"

Chaplina Lyudmila Ivanovna - teacher of the Novosadovskaya secondary school

Chaplina Tamara Alekseevna - director of the municipal educational institution "Novosadovskaya secondary school"

Telysheva Marina Vyacheslavna - parent

Bredikhina Marina Vyacheslavna - parent

Guznarodova Zinaida Alexandrovna-parent

At the very beginning of its existence, the Soviet government made efforts to attract young people to its ideology. Already in 1917, the Bolsheviks began to attract scout organizations. However, over time it became obvious that pre-revolutionary organizations, even those sympathetic to socialist ideology, could not become the basis of a mass children's organization. Work began on a new type of children's and youth organization - Pioneer.

Origins of the pioneer movement

In 1917-1919, there were several disparate scout detachments and organizations in Soviet Russia that demonstrated loyalty to the new government. Some of them acted under the patronage of the Komsomol. Companion Vera Bonch-Bruevich proposed to unite all scout organizations into a union of Yukists (young communists). For some time, detachments of Yukists did operate under her patronage, but in 1919 the Komsomol ordered the dissolution of all scout organizations. The decision to liquidate the Scout movement did not mean that the Bolsheviks abandoned the idea of ​​a universal children's organization. However, the new community was to be formed not on the initiative from below, like scouts, but according to a scheme approved in advance by the government.

Preparations for the creation of Pioneer

In 1921, work began on a project for a universal children's organization. This process was coordinated by Nadezhda Krupskaya. It was she who came up with the idea of ​​creating an organization "scout in form and communist in content." Instead of the name scouts, a new one was chosen - pioneers. This word was also borrowed from Scout terminology. Scout pioneering was a special kind of training during which they learned to survive far from civilization with a minimum of equipment.

During 1921 - 1922 the form and greeting of the pioneers were developed. Pioneer motto - "Be ready!" - "Always ready!" - was borrowed from scouts without changes. The uniforms of the pioneers and their colors were slightly changed. Instead of the dominant green color, white and blue colors for clothes and red for a pioneer tie.

The creation of the Pioneer and the first pioneer detachments

On February 2, 1922, the Central Committee of the Komsomol of the RSFSR sent a letter to its local organizations with instructions on the creation of pioneer cells. On February 13 of the same year, Komsomol member Mikhail Stremyakov organized the first pioneer squad in Moscow. In March 1922, the Komsomol developed the charter of the new organization, and on May 18, the 5th Congress of the Komsomol proclaimed the creation all-Russian organization"Young Pioneers named after Spartak". Six months after the formation of Pioneer, it was proclaimed. So the pioneer movement became all-Union. In 1924, the pioneers were named after Lenin.

Pioneer activities

Formally, the pioneer organizations were voluntary associations of children attached to Komsomol cells. In fact, by the mid-20s. Pioneer membership became universal, and pioneer structures merged with the secondary school system. The pioneer detachments coincided with the classes, and the squads coincided with the school. Pioneer leaders became full-time employees of secondary schools. At the same time, the Pioneer Organization had its own property: Pioneer Palaces and recreation camps.

Pioneer organized the collection of recyclables (scrap metal and waste paper), patronage of the elderly, sports competitions and military sports games. Analogues of the pioneer organization existed in all countries of the socialist camp. And they all disappeared with the collapse of the socialist system. Pioneer existed in the USSR until September 28, 1991. On this day, the extraordinary congress of the Komsomol decided to liquidate the Komsomol and the pioneer organization. Their property was nationalized.

pioneer movement - activities of children's communist organizations in the USSR and in other socialist countries. Having some similarities with the Scouting movement that had arisen earlier, the pioneer movement differed from it in significant aspects: there were no separate organizations for boys and girls, pioneer camps and Pioneer Palaces, which numbered in the thousands, were financed by the government and trade unions, recreation and classes in them were absolutely Pioneer newspapers and magazines were printed free of charge in millions of copies.

In the USSR, the pioneer organization was formed by the decision of the All-Russian Conference of the Komsomol on May 19, 1922. Until 1924, the pioneer organization bore the name of Spartak, and after the death of the leader of the world proletariat, it was renamed the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. I. Lenin.

Origins and birth of the pioneer movement

The pioneer movement arose as a spontaneous self-organization of adults and children in response to homelessness and devastation in Russia after the Civil War. At the place of residence, pioneer detachments began to spontaneously arise, the purpose of which was mutual assistance, the organization of everyday life and leisure, the fight against homelessness and the influence of the street. At that time there was no clear structure of the organization, no hierarchy. The rich experience of the Russian scout movement that had previously been available became the basis for the pioneer organization. Even during the Civil War, scout organizations helped to find homeless children, organized children's militia units and provided social assistance. However, the scout movement under the new government was doomed to leave the historical scene, since scout structures in Russia were born and functioned as monarchist children's organizations. However, having dissolved the scout organizations, the new government nevertheless positively assessed the experience of the scout movement and decided to put it at the service of the interests of both the party and the country as a whole. At the origins of the pioneer movement were a prominent party and public figure N. K. Krupskaya and one of the ideologists of Russian scouting, I. N. Zhukov. It was N. K. Krupskaya in her famous work"RKSM and Boy Scoutism" proposed to the Russian Komsomol to create a children's organization, "scout in form and communist in content", and I. N. Zhukov suggested calling the children's organization pioneer. The leaders of the scout movement, who accepted Soviet power and began working with the pioneers, abandoned the principles of scouting, which were bourgeois from the point of view of the new government, but left in the pioneer organization everything that was most positive from their point of view that was in the scout movement. The pioneer organization preserved game forms educational work with children, organization of children into squads, the institute of leaders, campfire gatherings, symbolic elements (for example, the three lily petals of the scout badge in the pioneer badge replaced the three flames of the fire, the three ends of the red pioneer tie began to mean three generations: pioneers, Komsomol members and communists ). The scout call "Be ready!" with a change in its focus on the struggle for the liberation of the workers and peasants of the whole world. Thus, in the first time after the change in the social formation in Russia, the scout movement was transformed into a pioneer movement, retaining its organizational form, but changing its ideological content and becoming controlled by the highest party and cosmomol bodies. Later, moving further and further away from the cradle of Scouting, the pioneer organization was enriched by its history, its traditions and its unique features.

Structure of the pioneer organization

The All-Union Pioneer Organization in the USSR united republican, regional, regional, district, city, district pioneer organizations. The basis of the All-Union Pioneer Organization was the pioneer squad. Pioneer squads were created in schools, orphanages and boarding schools with at least 3 pioneers. In the pioneer teams, numbering more than 20 pioneers, pioneer teams were created, uniting at least 3 pioneers. At school, the detachment united pioneers who, as a rule, studied in the same class. In orphanages and pioneer camps, at the place of residence, teams of different ages could be created. The detachment, numbering 15 or more pioneers, was divided into links.

Leadership of the All-Union Pioneer Organization

The All-Union Pioneer Organization was led by the All-Union Leninist Communist Youth Union (VLKSM), which in turn was controlled by the CPSU. All councils of pioneer organizations worked under the guidance of the relevant Komsomol committees. Congresses and conferences of the Young Communist League heard reports from the councils of pioneer organizations and evaluated their activities. The chairmen, deputies, and secretaries of the councils of pioneer organizations, from the Central to the district, were approved by the Plenums of the corresponding Komsomol committees. Numerous Palaces and Houses of Pioneers and schoolchildren, and other out-of-school institutions were the basis for organizational-mass and instructive-methodological work with pioneers and pioneer cadres. The committees of the Komsomol provided the pioneer squads with cadres of senior pioneer leaders, carried out their selection, placement, advanced training and education. Primary Komsomol organizations sent detachment leaders to pioneer squads, selected leaders of circles, clubs, sections, and other associations of interest, and helped them organize the life of pioneer groups.

Pioneer Self-Government

The highest body of a squad, detachment, link is a pioneer gathering. The assembly of the detachment accepted schoolchildren into a pioneer organization, suggested that the squad council recommend worthy pioneers to the ranks of the Komsomol, planned work, evaluated the activities of the detachment council, units, each pioneer. The assembly of the squad elected the council of the squad, the assembly of the detachment - the council of the detachment, the assembly of the link - the link. The councils of the squad and detachments elected the Chairman of the council of the squad and detachment. In the All-Union, Republican, Territory, Regional, Okrug, City, District Pioneer organizations, the form of self-government of the pioneers was a Pioneer rally, which was held every 5 years, and the regional, regional, district, city and district - once every 2-3 years. City (district) councils of the pioneer organization created pioneer staffs from representatives of all the pioneer squads of the city. The most active part of the Pioneer organization, its most active elite, gathered at the city headquarters.

The procedure for admission to the pioneer organization

Schoolchildren aged 9 to 14 are accepted into the pioneer organization. Admission is carried out individually, by open voting at a meeting of a pioneer detachment or squad (if it is not divided into detachments), operating in a general education school and a boarding school. The one who joined the pioneer organization on the pioneer line gives the Solemn Promise of the Pioneer of the Soviet Union. A communist, Komsomol member, or senior pioneer gives him a red pioneer tie and a pioneer badge. As a rule, pioneers were accepted in a solemn atmosphere during communist holidays in memorable historical and revolutionary places, most often on April 22 near the monument to V.I. Lenin.

Solemn promise of the pioneer of the Soviet Union

Last revision (1986):

“I, (last name, first name), joining the ranks of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, in the face of my comrades solemnly promise: to passionately love and protect our Motherland, to live as the great Lenin bequeathed, as the Communist Party teaches, as required by the laws of the pioneers Soviet Union".

Solemn reception in the pioneers

Texts of previous editions of the solemn promise

1922 promise

On my word of honor, I promise that I will be faithful to the working class, that I will help my fellow workers every day, that I know the laws of the pioneers and that I will obey them.

1923 promise

I, a young pioneer of the USSR, solemnly promise in the face of my comrades that

one). I will firmly stand for the cause of the working class in its struggle for the liberation of the workers and peasants of the whole world.

2). I will honestly and unswervingly carry out the laws and customs of the young pioneers.

1924 promise

I, a young pioneer of the USSR, solemnly promise before the face of my comrades that I will firmly stand for the cause of the working class in its struggle for the liberation of the workers and peasants of the whole world. I will honestly and unswervingly fulfill Ilyich's precepts, the laws and customs of the young pioneers.

The laws of the pioneers of the Soviet Union

• Pioneer - a young builder of communism - works and studies for the good of the Motherland, preparing to become its defender.
• The Pioneer is an active fighter for peace, a friend of the Pioneers and the children of the working people of all countries.
• The pioneer looks up to the communists, is preparing to become a member of the Komsomol, leads the Octobrists.
• The Pioneer cherishes the honor of his organization, strengthens its authority with his deeds and deeds.
• The Pioneer is a reliable comrade, respects the elders, takes care of the younger ones, and always acts according to his conscience.
• A pioneer has the right: to elect and be elected to pioneer self-government bodies; discuss the work of the pioneer organization at pioneer gatherings, rallies, meetings of councils of detachments and squads, in the press, criticize shortcomings, make proposals to any council of the pioneer organization, up to the Central Council of VPO named after V. I. Lenin; ask for a recommendation from the council of the squad for joining the ranks of the Komsomol.

Motto of the pioneers

The declared goal of the pioneer organization is to educate young fighters for the cause of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. It is expressed in the motto of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. I. Lenin. To the call: “Pioneer, be ready to fight for the cause of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union!” - the answer follows: "Always ready!"

pioneer badge

Pioneer symbols

• Pioneer tie
• pioneer badge

Pioneer paraphernalia

The most important pioneer attributes were the squad banner, detachment flags, a horn and a drum, which accompanied all solemn pioneer rituals. Each pioneer squad had a pioneer room, where the relevant attributes were stored and meetings of the squad council were held. In the pioneer room, as a rule, a ritual counter with pioneer attributes, a Leninist corner and a corner of international friendship were arranged. At school and in the classes, the pioneers issued and hung out hand-written squad and detachment wall newspapers.

Tying a pioneer tie upon admission to the pioneers

pioneer form

On ordinary days, it coincided with the school uniform, supplemented by pioneer symbols - a red tie and a pioneer badge. On solemn occasions (holidays, greetings at party and Komsomol forums, meetings of foreign delegations, etc.), a dress uniform was worn, which included:

• red caps, pioneer ties and badges;
• boys - white shirts with gilded buttons and sleeve emblems, belted with a light brown belt with a gilded buckle, blue trousers and dark shoes;
• girls wear white blouses, blue skirts, white stockings and white shoes;
• in regions with a hot climate, shoes were replaced with sandals, and trousers could be replaced with shorts, if this did not contradict the spirit of the event and the national traditions of the republic;
• in banner groups, the dress uniform was complemented by a red ribbon over the shoulder and white gloves.

Pioneer editions

The Central Committee of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League, the Central Committee of the Young Communist League of the union republics, regional committees, regional committees of the Komsomol, the Central, Republican, regional and regional councils of pioneer organizations published pioneer newspapers and magazines and literature necessary for children, including the newspaper Pionerskaya Pravda, the magazines Pioneer, Koster ”, “Young Technician”, “Young Naturalist”, etc. Radio and television regularly produced programs for the pioneers, the call signs of the radio newspaper “Pionerskaya Zorka” sounded daily on the air, the Orlyonok television studio worked on Central Television, in cinemas before showing the film they showed a monthly documentary film magazine "Pioneer".

Pioneer practice

• Waste paper collection
• Scrap metal collection
• Help for pensioners (Timurov movement)
• Game "Zarnitsa"
• Pioneerball
• Classes in sports circles and sections

pioneer camps

The vast majority of pioneers spent their school holidays in pioneer camps. Up to 40,000 summer and year-round pioneer camps functioned in the USSR, where about 10 million children spent their holidays annually. There was a kind of unspoken hierarchy. The most famous of them was the All-Union Pioneer Camp of the Central Committee of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League "Artek", which had an international status. The second place in terms of prestige was occupied by the All-Russian Pioneer Camp "Eaglet" (Krasnodar Territory, RSFSR). This was followed by the republican recreation camps "Ocean" (Primorsky Krai, RSFSR), "Young Guard" (Odessa region, Ukrainian SSR) and "Zubrenok" (Minsk region, BSSR).

Countries where pioneer organizations existed

• NRB - Dimitrov Pioneer Organization "Septemvriyche" (1944)
• Hungary - Union of Hungarian Pioneers (1946)
• GDR - Ernst Thalmann Pioneer Organization (1948)
• DRV - Ho Chi Minh Pioneer Organization (1941).
• North Korea - "Songyeongdan" (1946)
• PRC - Pioneer Organization of China (October 13, 1949)
• Mongolian People's Republic - Sukhe-Bator Pioneer Organization (1925)
• Cuba - Union of Cuban Pioneers (1964)
• Poland - Union of Polish Scouts (1950-1956)
• SRR - Pioneer Organization of the SRR (1944)
• USSR - All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. I. Lenin (1922)
• SFRY - Joseph Bros-Tito Pioneer Organization (1942)
• Czechoslovakia - Pioneer organization of the Socialist Youth Union of Czechoslovakia (1945)

• Austria - "Young Guard" (1946)
• Belgium - Union of Belgian Pioneers (1945)
• United Kingdom - Woodcraft Folk
• Guinea - Pioneer Organization of the Republic of Guinea
• ARE - "The Vanguard of the Naserites"
• West Berlin - Pioneer organization of the Union of Free German Youth of West Berlin (1967)
• Netherlands - Uilenspiegelclub (1953-1964)
• Colombia - José Antonio Galán Pioneer Organization
• Congo - "Pioneers of the People's Republic of the Congo"
• Norway - "Young Pioneers" (1952)
• Senegal - "Pioneers of Senegal"
• Finland - Democratic Union of Finnish Pioneers (1945)
• France - "Pioneers of France" (1945)
• Switzerland - "Running Forward" (1961)

Countries where pioneer organizations exist

• Venezuela
• Vietnam - Ho Chi Minh Pioneer Organization (1941)
• North Korea - "Songyeongdan" (1946)
• PRC - Pioneer Organization of China (October 13, 1949) - 130 million pioneers
• Cuba - Jose Marti Pioneer Organization (1964)
• Moldova: Pioneer movement in Moldova was restored in 1997-1998. In the ranks of the pioneers of Moldova in 2005, there were more than 6,000 children. The largest detachments of the pioneer organization operate in the cities of Balti, Comrat, Cahul, Criuleny, Ungheni, and Edinet.
• Russia - the Union of Pioneer Organizations - the Federation of Children's Organizations (SPO-FDO), established in 1990 (registered by the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation in 1992), the assignee of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. I. Lenin. Also in Russia there are many purely pioneer organizations, so in Moscow it is MGPO (Moscow City Pioneer Organization), recreated as an independent children's public organization on March 16, 1992 (registration certificate after re-registration No. 12434 dated September 2, 1999). He has a small page on list.mail.ru and a developing forum designed to unite current and former pioneers of Moscow.

Children's pioneer chants for the camp, school, counselors and games.

Pioneer horror stories - remember your youth

After lights out in the pioneer camps, few immediately packed up. Pioneers fought with pillows, jumped on beds, arranged a royal night, in general, did everything they wanted to stay awake. When the children's organisms got tired, but sleep still did not come, the guys began to tell horror stories. It was on such summer nights in the wards that one could hear heartbreaking stories about a coffin on wheels, glass eyes, red cookies and other horrors. All this folk art made the children tremble with fear, but no one admitted that they were scared. Later, the writer Eduard Uspensky collected such stories in the book "Red Hand, Black Sheet, Green Fingers (terrible stories for fearless children)".

Red tie

One boy did not want to join the pioneers for a long time. Because he did not consider himself worthy. Or he wasn't in the mood. Or some other reason. Basically, I didn't want to. But they persuaded him and accepted him on the line in places of military and labor glory, and solemnly tied a red tie. Well, the boy came home happy, wanted to change into pajamas, but the tie didn’t come loose, but, on the contrary, it tightened tighter and tighter and strangled the boy’s neck. The boy turned blue all over, wheezing, can't do anything. Then the boy's dad jumped up and cut that red tie with scissors! And then black blood poured out of him, and he burned with a blue flame, and then the boy jerked his head for a long time and did not join either the Komsomol or the Communist Party.

Black gas mask

In one school, the military instructor always came to the NVP lessons in a black gas mask. And no one has ever seen his face. And then one day he came and said: “Children, today we are studying protection against weapons of mass destruction. Put on gas masks." Children and put on, where are you going to go. Here the military instructor again asks: “Do you know why you put them on?” The children are all blue, wheezing - they can't do anything! in gas masks because. And the military instructor laughed, took off the gas mask from his head, the children look - and there is not a head, but a dead skull, teeth out, instead of eyes - holes. Then the military instructor cried green tears and fell and died. Then the children were not at a loss, they quickly began to take off their gas masks, but they did not come off, they stuck to their heads, and the children all suffocated to death. And now, in that school, the CWP has been canceled and the Law of God and an elective in marketing have been introduced.

In a series of issues of Pioneer magazine for the 90s, Eduard Uspensky's "terrible story for fearless schoolchildren" "Red Hand, Black Sheet, Green Fingers" was published. I remember how goosebumps ran down my spine when, as an 11-year-old teenager, I read these scary stories.

In those years, the pioneer camps gave rise to their own folklore and Uspensky decided to create this work on its basis. In 1986, speaking on the Pioneer Dawn radio program, he asked schoolchildren to send in scary stories they knew. The received letters with horror stories recorded by children formed the basis of this story. It is interesting that evil spirits, as a rule, had their own colors, mostly red.

The story starts out pretty creepy.

“Once, at the end of July, a strangled boy was found in a pioneer camp near Golitsyn. He went to bed, like all the other guys, in a ward for twenty-two people. But in the morning he didn’t wake up, didn’t run to exercise, like everyone else, but remained lying in his bed in the corner, quiet and dead."

Young police officer Viktor Rakhmanin starts an investigation mysterious murders. At the same time, he has to collect a lot of terrible children's and non-children's stories about otherworldly forces. He meets with the "witnesses" of these incidents, is sent to different cities, explores mysterious places - cemeteries, mansions.

Some of the stories obtained by Rakhmanin

About the red spot

“The old Nikolsky cemetery in our city has long been notorious. Even in the old chronicles it was reported that sometimes terrible screams are heard from the cemetery, and red lights rush about there.

Recently, the Kryuchkov family received a new apartment in Nikolskaya Sloboda. In an old house, in a house that has undergone major repairs.

The Kryuchkov family consisted of a husband and wife - workers of Bolshekhim. Moreover, the husband was the head of the microfilm section. It was the usual working family, what thousands in our city. They stood in line for housing for many years, and before that they lived in an ordinary communal barracks. They had a girl, Lusya, and a son, Vasya, ten years old.

When the family moved to a new home, Natalya Nikolaevna, the wife of the Kryuchkov family, was the first to notice a large red spot on the wall.

Look! she said to her husband.

Just think, he replied, the builders spilled a bottle of wine.

But one morning, a few days later, Nikolai Nikolaevich was found dead on the bed. He was dead and extremely pale. And the stain on the wall became even brighter.

Many claimed that he drank every day, who knows what, and this brought him to the grave. But what evil tongues will not say about a person who works at a large chemical enterprise and has access to alcohol.

The girl Lucy said that she saw how a hand stuck out of a red spot at night and thought for a long time who to strangle. Then she attacked the head of the family.

After some time, the same fate befell the mother of two orphans. Son Vasya told neighbors:

Mom and dad often drank in the evenings and staggered. One night, a red hand stuck out of the red spot and began to shake my mother. In the morning she died. I am very afraid of the red spot.

The spot, according to the neighbors, has become even brighter since that day.

After some time, this stain migrated to the apartment of the investigative worker Vasilenko, who inspected the Kryuchkovs' apartment. And after some time, he also tragically died in his bed. After his death, the stain disappeared. Neighbors claimed to have seen a red hand flying out of his window."

About green eyes

"The guys were silent for a long time. Suddenly one boy, black, with short hair, about the fourth grade, asked:

Does the Moscow police know about Green Eyes?

What? - Rakhmanin was taken aback.

About Green Eyes?

Yes, said the other boy. And about the Green Gun.

Rakhmanin honestly admitted that the Moscow police did not know anything about Green Eyes.

Tell me and I will make the Moscow police happy.

Are you not afraid? asked the fourth grader.

Not yet, Rakhmanin replied.

The boy began to speak.

A girl lived in a city. She had a grandmother. When the grandmother was dying, she told the girl: "Don't turn on the old green record." She is

closed her eyes and died and was buried. Mom also told the girl: “Look, do not turn on the green record.” But the girl was impatient, and she still turned on the record when no one was at home. And a terrible voice sang:

“The Green Eyes are running, running along the wall ...

Now the girl is being strangled

Yes Yes Yes..."

The girl heard the doorbell ring and turned off the record. The girl's mother entered the apartment. The mother was missing one arm. The next day, the girl put the record back on and her mother came in without two hands.

Wow! Rakhmanin said. Let's go to Auschwitz!

And the boy continued:

Then my mother came without one leg. And then without two legs. When she came for the last time, she said: “You have ruined me, and you yourself will also perish. Don't put on a record." But the girl did not listen to her mother and started the record again. Before the record had time to sing a few words, the doorbell rang. The girl looked through the peephole, but saw no one. The girl nevertheless opened the door, right in front of her stood huge Green Eyes from floor to ceiling. They said: "You did not listen to your mother and you will perish yourself." And the eyes strangled the girl..."

The story of the Master of the Cemetery

"" Near one English cemetery there was a hotel. No one lived in it. Once two French tourists arrived in England. They did not believe in any horrors and, having learned about the hotel in the cemetery, went to live there. At night, opening the window to go in Fresh air, they saw that two red lights were glowing in the passages between the graves. It was evident that these eyes were tired of among the graves, and they wanted to attack the room. The French grabbed their revolvers... They heard the flapping of wings... They started shooting... They called the police. The creature ran away. And in the morning they saw... that the boys in the yard were standing near the monster with wings and were pushing it with sticks near the eyes, which were still glowing... They gave the Master of the Cemetery for research. After the study, they were told that the monster had escaped from geneticists 29 years ago. That this is a very dangerous animal ... A human cell was crossed with a cell bat and left in favorable conditions. The geneticists completely forgot about the cells, as a monster flew out of the box where they lay, grabbed the first person that came across in its teeth ... (Obviously, genetics, Rakhmanin thought to himself) ... broke the window and flew away. And he settled in the cemetery, because it's calm there ... But other monsters remained, his brothers, and they take revenge on the people who fight them.

Recorded the story of Bereket Dima, 6th grade."

The story of the Man with Blue Teeth.

“In one city, there lived a girl. She was very beautiful. Her mother died and only her grandmother remained. One day the girl went to the dance. Grandmother told her: “If a man with blue teeth invites you, don’t dance with him.” She came to the dance, danced with different men, and then a man with blue teeth invited her. The girl went to dance with him. said he was taking her home. They got into the car and drove off. And this girl had an acquaintance with a motorcycle. He always rode behind. The Man with Blue Teeth's car was already moving at a speed of one hundred and fifty kilometers per hour. The acquaintance could hardly keep up The girl was very scared. So they drove out of town on the highway. And they began to go very fast. And then a Black Sheet flew out of the car window of the Man with Blue Teeth and flew to the motorcyclist. She began to choke him. He began to fight with her, lost control, went into a ditch and crashed, and this girl was never seen again.”

The main otherworldly characters of the story:

Red Hand, Black Sheet, Green Fingers, Coffin on Wheels, Graveyard Master, Red Cookie, Yellow Eye, Green Skull, Red Spot, Green Eyes, Red Faced Woman with Red Gloves, Black Tulip, Man with Blue Teeth

Pioneer means first.
The pioneer organization was founded on May 19, 1922 by the decision of the All-Russian Conference of the Komsomol to organize children aged 9 to 14 years. At the Fifth Congress of the Komsomol, laws and customs of young pioneers, a solemn promise, and a regulation on a pioneer organization are adopted. The pioneer organization can be called a school of political activity. The pioneers helped adults build a new, just and happy life.

More than one generation of guys passed through the pioneer organization. The ability to be friends and help each other, the ability to work and fulfill one's duty to the team, the ability to love the Motherland - all these qualities Soviet people absorbed from the pioneer organization.

"Country of Pioneers" - what it was like in our republic, what kind of deeds pioneers gave their hot hearts, minds and all their strength to different years and generations.

Pioneer devoted to the motherland, party, communism.

Pioneer preparing to become a member of the Komsomol.

Pioneer keeps alignment with the heroes of struggle and labor.

Pioneer honors the memory of the fallen fighters and is preparing to become the defender of the Motherland.

Pioneer persistent in learning, work and sports.

Pioneer- an honest and faithful comrade, always boldly stands for the truth.

Pioneer- comrade and leader of the October.

Pioneer- a friend to the pioneers and children of working people of all countries.

I (last name, first name), joining the ranksAll-Union Pioneer

organization named after Vladimir Ilyich Lenin,

in front of your comradessolemnly promise:

passionately love your homeland,live, learn and fight,

as the great Lenin bequeathed,

as the communist party teaches,

always fulfillLaws of the pioneers of the Soviet Union.

Decree of the Soviet government dated October 29, 1917 child labor was banned. For teenagers from the age of 14, a 6-hour working day is established. Night and overtime work is prohibited. The doors of all educational institutions opened before them.

Summer 1918 young enemies Soviet Republic started a civil war.

In Izhevsk and Votkinsk, children's communist organizations were born - the "House of the Young Proletarian" (DUP).

When the senior comrades united the Communist Youth Union, the attraction of inquisitive, energetic, recklessly brave guys to it turned out to be boundless. But the obstacle to joining the RKSM for 10-12-year-old youths was its Charter. His older brother, the Komsomol, came to the rescue. The Izhevsk residents allocated one of the rooms for the children, and most importantly, they sent a sincere, enterprising and cheerful leader to the children - a Komsomol member Kiryakov. Soon the words of the young proletarians' oath were heard: "Fight for the advice of workers, peasants and soldiers' deputies, be reliable and faithful assistants to the Komsomol and Bolsheviks, always be brave and truthful."

What did the young pioneers do? - Helped adults build a new life.

Children eagerly listened to stories about Lenin, the Red Army, the Komsomol, went on campaigns, participated in subbotniks, military games held by the Komsomol.

November 4, 1920 By decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR, the formation of the Udmurt Autonomous Region was proclaimed. The civil war ended, but the difficulties of the post-war devastation were multiplied by a lean summer, and the 1921 famine year came.

The Party called on the people to fight ruin and hunger, to take paternal care for children. The Vyatka Provincial Committee of the Komsomol appealed: “Young people, do you hear? Little orphans need your help, your support, whose fathers and mothers fell victim on the fronts of the civil war or were buried alive in the ground, burned on barges, shot or hanged by the White Guards on telegraph poles. Now they are the children of the Republic. They need bread, they need shelter. They need light and warmth. They need affection, hello. These children are the future builders of a new life, the creators of the future Commune. But they need to be educated, nurtured, nurtured.” (Pioneer chronicle. Kirov, 1972, p. 20.)

Thousands of youngsters filled the labor exchanges. 137 orphanages were opened for orphans. 1181 teenagers were accepted to the factories of Izhevsk. A special dining room was opened for them. Thanks to the efforts of the Izhevsk Komsomol members, 150 children became the first students of the Factory Apprenticeship School (FZU).

May 17, 1923 the date of the decision of the presidium of the regional executive committee on the recognition of the organization of detachments of young pioneers as necessary and deserving of any encouragement.

The date of the decision was the birthday of the Udmurt Regional Pioneer Organization.

A memorable event took place in a picturesque corner near Vazhnina Klyuch, near Izhevsk. Here everything was first - and the pioneer camp in huts, where 45 pioneers had already lived all July, and the ruler lined up around the pioneer fire, and for the first time the words of a solemn promise were heard in the face of senior comrades - communists, Komsomol members, factory workers.

Pioneer! Fight homelessness! Appeals, concerts, demonstrations, mass holidays, evenings, camping trips played scouts, they loved to compete for the best runner, cook, doctor.

Teaching was the password of those years! Learned and taught others. One got tired, another one sat down to take his place at the primer with his grandmother. What our students did not reward - pies, apples, jam, tears.

By the mid-20s, the country's economy was restored. The results of the medical examination of children showed: 60% of children are anemic, 70% have suffered measles, scarlet fever and other contagious diseases. The participants of the regional meeting of pioneer workers in 1926 decided: health promotion, physical education, problems of everyday life and education - the first place in the work.

In the 20s the craze started sports. The Komsomol put forward the slogan "Give physical education!". But the leader had nothing to give to the pioneers. He had neither the material base nor coaching skills.

Since 1926 the hobby for pyramids and floor exercises began. At all holidays and rallies one could hear a call like this:

Fool - drop it! Smoke - drop it!

Physical culture build!

In 1932 The Central Bank of the DKO proposed to begin preparations for mass sports holidays on the basis of the TRP complex. Began a systematic all-encompassing work to master the secrets of sportsmanship.

Pioneer history 20's captured numerous hut towns in the picturesque places of Udmurtia. But the romance of camp life had difficulties. Fir spruce branches served as a bed and a roof. Homemade products were delivered by boat. Lunches were cooked in a makeshift oven dug into the side of a cliff. Potatoes were baked on a fire. There were not enough products. Gathered berries, mushrooms, sorrel, wild rose.

Since 1926 code favorite "potato" becomes a song of pioneer history.

The most enthusiastic response to the Motherland's care for the health of children was given by the first Artek residents. The All-Union camp opened in 1925, and the next summer it hosts 70 Ural pioneers.

The struggle on the health front was integral part the cultural revolution that began in the country. Its scale was expanded by the front of enlightenment of the masses.

Campaign against illiteracy was the central issue of the Cultural Revolution. In the reading huts they wrote in large letters:

It's time, comrade grandfather,

It's time, comrade grandmother,

Sit down at the primer.

The older pioneers taught literacy in circles for the elimination of illiteracy (literacy programs), while the younger ones taught at home. They had one more duty - to make sure that the illiterate did not miss classes, to prepare chalk, a rag, chairs for the beginning of them. Often we had to make benches ourselves. The pioneer received a task: if there is an illiterate person in his family, teach him to write and read, help a neighbor.

The 1st All-Union Gathering of Pioneers “Forward, Constricted Detachments!” The rally assessed the work of the pioneers during the years of the first five-year plan.

The pioneers of the 30s comprehended the letter according to the words "five-year plan", "drummer", "collective farm", "industry". The delegates of the regional gathering of pioneer shock workers (1932) remembered for the rest of their lives an excursion to the Izhevsk Arms Plant. The power of the industry was imprinted in my memory: huge workshops, fountains of flaming metal sparks, the bed of a fiery river and breathing rolled metal. The guys really realized that the end of the economic difficulties of the state is near. There will be, soon there will be sugar, and tea, and white bread, and home-made canvas slippers with hemp rope soles will go down in history.

These were the years of giant new buildings, the Bolshevik Party needed financial resources and an accelerated pace of work. Social competition, Stakhanov movement. Campaigning for the purchase of government bonds.

The Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, in its resolution of 1932 "On the Work of the Pioneer Organization", suggested that the detachments resolutely reorganize their work. The activities of the pioneers should be concentrated in the school in order to lead the children's collective in the struggle for knowledge and conscious discipline, to help rebuild the school on a polytechnical basis, and to develop children's interest in science, technology, production, and broad creativity.

The meeting raised high the problem of deep and solid knowledge. The first-born of industry and the collective farm system needed ideologically mature, educated, cultural graduates of schools, universities and technical schools were waiting for them. To lead the children's team to perform one of the critical tasks socialist construction, the pioneer organization was completely transferred to the school.

We are the children of the proletariat

We are given an order by the country:

In the plan of the great five years

Our curriculum is included...

Gathering all the squads

Blow, bugler, into your trumpet!

Bully and lazy

We declare a fight.

The main order of the rally sounded succinctly: for knowledge!

The pioneer organization actively entered school life, groups for the training of counselors were organized at the Glazov Pedagogical School, Yak-Body, Multan.

Pioneer mentors study, and in 1940 they pass an exam for the certificate "Senior counselor of young pioneers." So the senior counselor came to the school.

The forms of pioneer work are deepened and improved. Circles, research, experiments, scripts, literary evenings in libraries became indispensable companions of study.

Nikolai Nikolaevich Osipov is associated with the history of the creation of the first children's technical stations. The beginning in 1932 was laid by the Izhevsk DTS. Headed by educators-masters N.N. Yuminov, V.L. Fetzer, the pupils became participants in the All-Union Agricultural Exhibition more than once, and future Heroes of the Soviet Union A. Zarovnyaev, L. Rykov and twice Hero of the Soviet Union E. Kungurtsev determined their calling in the aircraft modeling circle. the boys were also lucky with the bosses - they became factories. The young technicians of Izhevsk set out to speed up the creation of DTS in the cities and regions of the republic. Models of gliders became the assistants of the guys. Their flight at parades and demonstrations or in the halls of party and Komsomol conferences was an excellent agitation, an appeal to promote the development of children's technical creativity. On the day of aviation, the sky of Izhevsk was filled with box kites, air postmen, models of airplanes with a gasoline engine soared. The campaign was a success. In 1935, young technicians from Izhevsk, Glazov, Kez, Sharkan, and Alnasha arrived at the modeling competition.

Youth was in a hurry to live and dream, to know and to be able.

Artistic creativity of children at the beginning In the 30s, only counselors and some teachers led. But then, in 1933, the call signs of the children's radio studio sounded. The children were introduced to the works of classical and Soviet music, literature, helped to learn pioneer songs. The first radio points were only in the clubs of regional centers. The pioneers carried their impressions, new songs, poems, stories to the detachments and native villages. The guys not only listened to the weekly radio broadcast, but also prepared it, accompanying it with a performance by the choir, orchestra, drama club; sent letters of inquiry.

A big step in the development of young talents was the opening of the House of Artistic Education of Children in Izhevsk (DHVD), replacing the kids club. It worked 16 circles of artistic creativity. The house became the center of methodological training of counselors and pioneer activists of the republic. The year of his birth (1935) DKhVD marked the first Olympiad of children's creativity and a gathering of young entertainers.

1937 was a true celebration of young talents. For three days it sparkled with a scattering of nuggets the first republican festival. Resounding folk melodies, fervent dances, virtuoso playing on the balalaika, artistic whistling, sonorous songs freely and beautifully filled the theater hall.

Terrible clouds were advancing from the west and the East in the early 1930s. These years have given rise to the motto of preparation not only for work, but also for defense. It became an integral part of the new system of education and upbringing of schools and detachments.

“Let every pioneer have three defense badges!”

this means,

That I can shoot like Voroshilov,

Ready for sanitary defense

and passed all the standards for a young athlete.

I am proud of my badges and, when necessary, I will apply this knowledge in practice.

The craze has begun war game. The fighters studied defense, studied a gas mask and a small-caliber rifle. Everyone wanted to be heroes.

On December 28, 1934, by a decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, the autonomous region was transformed into a republic.

The right of children to education, to rest, the right to participate in the work of public organizations was approved by the flame of the lines of the Constitution of 1936 on the victory of socialism in a country of free and equal rights. In 1936, Spain became the bastion of the first international battle against fascism.

War…

In the country martial law was introduced. Mobilization announced. The hour of courage has struck.

“Our cause is right. The enemy will be defeated. Victory will be ours!"

From everywhere, anxious children fled to home school. At rallies, they declared: “The fate of the motherland is our fate! - and determined their place among the defenders.

Now everyone, young and old, must consider himself mobilized. We, the pioneers, Komsomol members, all students of school No. 27, decided to go to work together, where our work can be useful ... ". Helping adults at work, in the household, caring for young children whose fathers went to the front, helping collective farms in the fields.

Echelons with the wounded began to arrive. The hospitals were housed in school buildings. There was a word - evacuated. They went to meet the whole detachment and were placed in apartments.

Gaidar's Timur actively entered the family of Udmurt children. His commands were born along with the release of the book. Timurovets is a very necessary and very honorary title. They learned how to use an ax and a saw, collected cones and brushwood, caressed children, looked after the wounded, carried water, chopped firewood, cleared the roof of snow. During the war years, pioneers and schoolchildren of Udmurtia gave 5,000 concerts in hospitals, glued and sewed tens of thousands of envelopes and packages for medicines. Lovingly, with great desire, the guys collected parcels for the front-line soldiers. They themselves knitted woolen socks, mittens, embroidered pouches, bought presents with the money they earned. In total, during the war, the pioneers and schoolchildren of Udmurtia sent 4,000 parcels.

By November 1, 1941, the guys collected tank "Pioneer of Udmurtia" 150,000 rubles.

During the war years, the Central Committee of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League rebuilt the structure of the pioneer organization. Pioneer detachments united into a school team with a headquarters at the head. There were 919 of them in Udmurtia. Pioneer activists were not elected, but appointed. The badge of the young Leninist was an asterisk, like that of a fighter. They made it themselves. The new text of the pioneer's solemn promise read: “... I hate the fascist invaders with all my heart and will tirelessly prepare myself to defend the Motherland. I swear this by the name of the fighters who gave their lives for our happiness. I will always remember that their blood burns on my pioneer tie and on our red banner.

Teenagers of the villages provided great assistance to the elders in logging work.

The timber was transported to Izhevsk by horse-drawn vehicles, mostly on horseback. The needs of the front demanded the connection of the Volga and the Northern Urals.

During the war, people's construction began railway stretching 146 kilometers from Izhevsk to Balezino. It was built mainly by women and teenagers aged 13-16.

During the years of the Great Patriotic War, pioneers and schoolchildren contributed 924,000 rubles for the construction of the Soviet Schoolchild tank column. Teachers and schoolchildren of Udmurtia contributed 1 million 47 thousand 767 rubles to the country's defense fund. They received thanks from the Headquarters of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief twice.

The war was coming to an end, leaving devastated war-scorched territories. The fate of the children of the liberated regions worried the children of distant Udmurtia. “We, the pioneers, know that the Nazi beasts, forced to retreat under the powerful blows of the Soviet Army, destroy everything in their path: school clubs, teaching aids. We ... really want to help our comrades - the guys from the liberated regions. We organized a collection school supplies and have already collected 400 pens, 5000 pencils, 6 boxes of pens, fiction, paper, dishes, box teaching aids. Join us guys!" (Newspaper "Leninsky Way" Glazov, 1942, March 18)

From all over the country came echelons of Friendship. 130 wagons with grain, cattle, agricultural tools, gifts from workers and children of Udmurtia went to Belarus. Cities were rebuilt, wastelands were plowed up, schools were restored, the country was strengthened. And the long-awaited day came when, instead of explosions of war, explosions of the Victory salute were heard. Together with the people of the country, his change rejoiced. In step with the fathers, his shift took place. In step with her fathers, she went through all the hardships of the war, caught up with them in heroism, valor, having passed the test of maturity.

Victory! The fighters returned to their native lands. The country was rebuilding its economy. Buildings temporarily occupied by hospitals were returned to schools, but classes were still going on in 2-3 shifts. There were not enough textbooks, visual aids. The Komsomol called on the pioneers to direct their efforts towards the struggle for deep and solid knowledge, towards the implementation of universal seven-year education, and the involvement of students in socially useful work. Young Pioneer affairs were led by a Council of Pioneers. The Central Committee of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League again introduced the election of the pioneer activists. He established pioneer banners in organizations, and red flags in detachments.

Accepting the banner, the pioneers swore an oath to keep it sacred and to multiply the traditions of the Komsomol shift to serve the Fatherland.

Pioneer the call "Let's decorate the Motherland with gardens!" gave rise to the months of the forest and garden. Each pioneer will plant 3 trees, and there will be a garden republic.

At the regional 4th rally (1956), the first competitions of youth voluntary fire brigades of Udmurtia were held (UDPD).

The Central Council of the Pioneer Organization named after V.I. Lenin (TsS VPO) developed new "Laws of young pioneers", "An approximate list of skills and abilities" (steps of a young pioneer).

"Satellite of the Seven Year Plan" - the title has become a pioneer symbol of the best detachments and organizations dedicated to the 90th anniversary of the birth of V.I. Lenin.

Komsomol-pioneer construction is a very responsible business.

All-Union competition of pioneer detachments 1963-1964 dedicated 40th anniversary assigning pioneers and Komsomol named after V.I. Lenin.

Its start was successful. By order of Timur, published in Pionerskaya Pravda, the detachments became crews in this game, the chairmen of the councils - commanders, linkmen - helmsmen and set sail on the "Ocean of useful deeds".

For the pioneers, the 1st front of action is the school. Since 1959, in Udmurtia, instead of seven years, universal eight-year polytechnic education has been introduced. The country is heading towards a gradual transition to a universal secondary with a desk system of education.

FROM 1961 year, republican Olympiads in mathematics and physics became traditional.

From year to year, the creativity of children is expanding. from the first republican rally of young technicians in 1962 to the second in 1965, the number of participants in exhibitions of technical creativity increased by 6,000. First of all, their models replenished the classrooms of schools. The starting point of children's creativity and acquaintance with the basics modern production became training workshops.

The role of the workshops of the 28th school is great in the development of children's creativity. Many pioneer crews of Izhevsk started and finished from them. The start of the starts was put in 1960 year teacher of plumbing Anatoly Vasilyevich Novikov. Soon an amateur PAMK was born ( pioneer car club). They learned motor driving on A.V. Novikov's car, and the rules of the street - on self-made electrified stands. There was a council of assistance. It included employees of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League, DOSAAF, veterans of the motor industry, Stakhanovites who made a women's run along the route Izhevsk - Moscow - Izhevsk on the first Izh-7 motorcycles, motorcycle racers.

In 1965 opened young sailors club with real sailing and service. The All-Union Pioneer Zarnitsa will soon lead the enthusiasm for detachments of all branches of the armed forces, and sports fans will become members of the Golden Puck and Leather Ball clubs.

Pioneer-experimenters of the Baiteryakovskaya seven-year school of the Alnashsky district. Under the guidance of a tireless enthusiast, honored school teacher of the RSFSR, owner of the bronze and silver medals of VDNKh L.D. Belousov, they turned the school site into a "green laboratory" of the Iskra collective farm. An orchard was planted near the school, plots for experiments were laid out.

1962 - the first Russian Federation school forestry was created in Udmurtia.

The young foresters of the Sharkan school received an array of 500 hectares, elected a council and a forester, made a map and divided it into five forest bypasses. And winter cold, and in the summer heat they are checked by foresters and inspectors with their links. They conduct observations and treat pest-infested areas, hang feeders, artificial bird nests, register and breed anthills, and boldly fight poachers. On the way, they read the "forest book" - a living organism of the forest with traces and habits of its inhabitants. And in the spring, new crops of seeds of tree species are being planted in the nursery.

New All-Union Operations Multiplied the Romance of Pioneer Affairs.

Operation participants "Green Arrow" by the end of 1973, a forest was planted on an area of ​​8248 hectares.

The result of the operation "Bird City" there were 52,428 artificial nests.

In operation "Ant" 1121 anthills were registered and propagated.

And the participants in the operation "Spring" during the five-year plan, 712 springs were landscaped and 1,176 springs were registered.

April 22, 1967 The attention of the regional pioneer organization was riveted to open-hearth furnace No. 2. the best steelmaker of Udmurtia, holder of the Order of Lenin, Evgeny Chernykh and his henchmen had 19 young assistants from schools No. 18 of Sarapul, No. 9 and 12 of Glazov, No. 9, 30, 32, 54, 56 of Izhevsk; Kezskaya and Syurekskaya. Here was pioneer melting. Steel from 6852 tons of scrap metal went to construction Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP. Dozens of tractors, hundreds of vehicles, BAM - pioneer rails

Operation "Million Motherland!"- it is not easy to count the pioneer contribution to the heritage of the people.

An important milestone in the development of tourism was the decision of the XII Congress of the Komsomol (1954). tourist and local history work turned into one of effective methods strengthening the connection between school and life. Children from different schools went on hikes, the first to be led by teachers of geography, history, biology, and physical education. Their activities were directed by the Republican children's excursion and tourist station (RDETS). It was headed by a veteran of tourism and sports Alexey Vladimirovich Yemelyanov. The huge desire of children to hike was confirmed by the gathering of travelers. The decision to hold it was made by the bureau of the regional committee of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League in 1955. The secretary of the regional committee Yu.K.Shibanov was approved as the head, and A.V.Emelyanov was appointed the chief of staff. the first rally… Where to hold it? And the choice fell on the banks of the Kama, where another energy giant was being created. A few years will pass, and the picturesque Nosok Peninsula will flood the new sea. So let the first gathering of travelers perpetuate its beauty. For the first time, the arriving teams experienced the excitement of the tourist relay, the fortress of friendship, the romance of life in nature. Fighting spirit permeated all the work: he was in the relay race, in the amateur competition, at the stake of the meeting with the builders of the Votkinsk giant.

“To the Soviet Motherland, born in October, all our discoveries, all our love!” - urged "Pionerskaya Pravda" in the year of the 40th anniversary of October. The motto marked a new stage in tourism. Announced 1st All-Union Expedition of Pioneers and Schoolchildren 1956-1957.

The increased passion for tourism and excitement at the Sletov relay races have given rise to a new, youngest type of competition - sports orienteering. The first All-Russian competitions for schoolchildren were held in 1970.“Judges work quickly, posting the control cards of the participants. Strange words are heard: “binding”, “got screwed up on the 5th”, “clung to No. 44 and slipped through the first checkpoint”. There are downcast faces. But the more complex the program and the more stubborn the struggle, the stronger the camaraderie and friendship.

And from the first rally held at the future hydroelectric power station, the chronicle of the great tourism of the Udmurt children began.

Tourism is courage, the will to win and friendship. He combined pride for the land, for his people, childlike inquisitiveness, breadth of knowledge and sportsmanship into one whole.

The noble deeds of the followers of Genka the orderly and Timur are subject to fulfillment principles:

Humane relations and mutual respect between people;

Man to man is a friend, comrade and brother;

Honesty and truthfulness, moral purity, simplicity and modesty in public and private life...

Interesting job young internationalists Izhevsk. They are headed by the city club "Globe". The Globe Council includes the presidents of 34 school KIDs. He organized 6 city festivals of Peace and Friendship, initiated a review of the work of school clubs. In 1976 they held the first republican rally.