Treaty on the Union of Soviet Sovereign Republics. Confederation - Union of sovereign states All-Union referendum on the preservation of the USSR

The signatory states to this treaty, on the basis of their declared declarations of sovereignty and recognizing the right of nations to self-determination;

taking into account the closeness of the historical destinies of their peoples and expressing their will to live in friendship and harmony, developing equal and mutually beneficial cooperation;

taking care of their material well-being and spiritual development, mutual enrichment of national cultures, ensuring common security;

wishing to create reliable guarantees of the rights and freedoms of citizens,

Decided on a new basis to create a Union of Sovereign States and agreed on the following.

I. Basic principles

First. Each republic - party to the treaty is a sovereign state. The Union of Sovereign States (USS) is a confederal democratic state exercising power within the limits of the powers voluntarily conferred on it by the parties to the treaty.

Second. The states that form the Union reserve the right to independently resolve all issues of their development, guaranteeing equal political rights and opportunities for socio-economic and cultural progress to all peoples living on their territory. The parties to the treaty will proceed from a combination of universal and national values, resolutely oppose racism, chauvinism, nationalism, and any attempts to limit the rights of peoples.

Third. The states that form the Union consider the priority of human rights in accordance with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other generally recognized norms to be the most important principle international law. All citizens are guaranteed the opportunity to learn and use their native language, unimpeded access to information, freedom of religion, other political, socio-economic, personal rights and freedoms.

Fourth. The states forming the Union see essential condition freedom and well-being of their peoples and of every person in the formation civil society. They will strive to meet the needs of people on the basis of a free choice of forms of ownership and methods of management, the development of an all-Union market, the implementation of the principles of social justice and security.

Fifth. The states forming the Union independently determine their national-state and administrative-territorial structure, the system of authorities and administration. They recognize as a common fundamental principle democracy based on popular representation and the direct will of the peoples, they strive to create a state of law that would serve as a guarantor against any tendencies towards totalitarianism and arbitrariness.

Sixth. The states forming the Union consider one of the most important tasks the preservation and development of national traditions, state support education, health care, science and culture. They will promote an intensive exchange and mutual enrichment of humanistic spiritual values ​​and achievements of the peoples of the Union and the whole world.

Seventh. Union of Sovereign States acts in international relations as a sovereign state, a subject of international law - the successor to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Its main goals in the international arena are lasting peace, disarmament, elimination of nuclear and other weapons of mass destruction, cooperation of states and solidarity of peoples in resolving global problems humanity.

The states forming the Union are subjects of international law. They have the right to establish direct diplomatic, consular relations, trade and other relations with foreign states, exchange plenipotentiary representations with them, conclude international treaties and participate in the activities international organizations, without prejudice to the interests of each of the states forming the Union, and their common interests, without violating the international obligations of the Union.

II. Union device

Article 1. Membership in the Union

Membership of states in the Union is voluntary.

The parties to this treaty are the states that directly form the Union.

The Union is open for accession to it by other democratic states recognizing the treaty. Admission to the Union of new states is carried out with the consent of all participants in this Treaty.

The states forming the Union retain the right to freely withdraw from it in the manner established by the parties to the treaty.

Article 2 Citizenship of the Union

A citizen of a state that is a member of the Union is at the same time a citizen of the Union of Sovereign States.

Citizens of the Union have equal rights, freedoms and obligations, enshrined in the laws and international treaties of the Union.

Article 3 Territory of the Union

The territory of the Union consists of the territories of all states parties to the treaty.

The Union guarantees the inviolability of the borders of the states that are its members.

Article 4. Relations between the states forming the Union

Relations between the states forming the Union are governed by this treaty, as well as other treaties and agreements that do not contradict it.

The States Parties to the Treaty build their relations within the Union on the basis of equality, respect for sovereignty, non-interference in internal affairs, settlement of disputes by peaceful means, cooperation, mutual assistance, conscientious performance obligations under this agreement and inter-republican agreements.

The states forming the Union undertake: not to resort in their relations to force and threat of force; do not encroach on territorial integrity each other; not to conclude agreements that are contrary to the goals of the Union or directed against other states - parties to the treaty.

The obligations listed in this article apply to allied (interstate) bodies.

Article 5. Armed Forces of the Union

The Union of Sovereign States has a single Armed Forces with centralized control.

The goals, purpose and procedure for using the unified Armed Forces, as well as the competence of the states - parties to the treaty in the field of defense are regulated by the agreement provided for by this treaty.

The states parties to the agreement have the right to create republican armed formations, the functions and number of which are determined by the said agreement.

It is not allowed to use the Armed Forces of the Union inside the country, with the exception of their participation in the elimination of consequences natural Disasters, environmental disasters, as well as cases provided for by the legislation on the state of emergency.

Article 6

The states parties to the agreement form a single political and economic space and base their relations on the principles enshrined in this agreement and the benefits provided by it. Relations with states that are not members of the Union of Sovereign States are based on generally recognized norms of international law.

In order to ensure the common interests of the states parties to the treaty, areas of joint jurisdiction are established and relevant multilateral treaties and agreements are concluded:

- about economic community;

about joint defense and collective security;

– on the development and coordination foreign policy;

– on the coordination of general scientific and technical programs;

– on the protection of human rights and national minorities;

– on the coordination of common environmental programs;

– in the field of energy, transport, communications and space;

– on cooperation in the field of education and culture;

- to combat crime.

Article 7. Powers of Union (interstate) bodies

To implement the common tasks arising from the treaty and multilateral agreements, the states that form the Union delegate the necessary powers to the Union bodies.

The states that form the Union participate in the exercise of the powers of the Union bodies through their joint formation, as well as special procedures for coordinating decisions and their implementation.

Each party to the treaty may, by concluding an agreement with the Union, additionally delegate to it the exercise of its individual powers, and the Union, with the consent of all the parties, transfer to one or more of them the exercise of its individual powers on their territory.

Article 8. Property

States parties to the treaty shall ensure the free development and protection of all forms of ownership.

The States Parties to the Treaty shall place at the disposal of the bodies of the Union the property necessary for the exercise of the powers vested in them. This property is jointly owned by the states that form the Union and is used exclusively for their common interests, including the accelerated development of lagging regions.

The use of land, its subsoil and other natural resources states-participants of the treaty for the implementation of the powers of the union bodies is carried out in accordance with the legislation of these states.

Article 9 Budget of the Union

The procedure for financing the Union budget and controlling its expenditure side is established by a special agreement.

Article 10 Laws of the Union

The constitutional basis of the Union of Sovereign States is the present treaty and the Declaration of Human Rights and Freedoms.

Laws of the Union are adopted on issues within the jurisdiction of the Union, and within the limits of the powers transferred to it by this agreement. They are binding on the territory of all states parties to the treaty.

The state party to the treaty, represented by its supreme authorities, has the right to protest and suspend the operation of the law of the Union on its territory if it violates this treaty.

The Union, represented by its supreme authorities, has the right to challenge and suspend the operation of the law of the state party to the treaty if it violates this treaty. Disputes are resolved through conciliation procedures or referred to the Supreme Court of the Union, which makes a final decision within one month

III. Union bodies

Article 11. Formation of the bodies of the Union

The bodies of the Union of Sovereign States, provided for by this Treaty, are formed on the basis of the free expression of the will of the peoples and the full representation of the states that form the Union.

The organization, powers and procedure for the activities of authorities, administration and justice are established by the relevant laws that do not contradict this agreement.

Article 12

The legislative power of the Union is exercised by the Supreme Soviet of the Union, which consists of two chambers: the Council of the Republics and the Council of the Union.

The Council of the Republics includes 20 deputies from each state forming the Union, delegated by its supreme authority.

The RSFSR has 52 deputies in the Council of the Republics. Other states - parties to the treaty, which include republics and autonomous formations, additionally delegate to the Council of Republics one deputy from each republic and autonomous formation. In order to ensure the sovereignty of the states - parties to the treaty and their equality - when voting in the Council of the Republics, the rule of consensus is applied.

The Council of the Union is elected by the population of the Union in constituencies with an equal number of voters. At the same time, the representation in the Council of the Union of all states-participants of the treaty is guaranteed.

The Chambers of the Supreme Council of the Union jointly accept new states into the Union, hear the President of the Union on the most important issues of the internal and foreign policy of the Union, approve the Union budget and a report on its implementation, declare war and make peace.

The Council of the Republics decides on the organization and operation of the organs of the Union of Sovereign States, considers questions of relations between the republics, ratifies and denounces the international treaties of the Union, and gives consent to the appointment of the government of the Union.

The Council of the Union considers issues of ensuring the rights and freedoms of citizens and makes decisions on all issues within the competence of the Supreme Council, with the exception of those that fall within the competence of the Council of the Republics.

Laws adopted by the Council of the Union come into force after their approval by the Council of the Republics.

Article 13 President of the Union

The President of the Union is the head of the confederate state.

The President of the Union acts as a guarantor of compliance with the Treaty on the Union of Sovereign States and the laws of the Union, is the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Union, represents the Union in relations with foreign states, and exercises control over the fulfillment of the international obligations of the Union.

The President of the Union is elected by the citizens of the Union in the manner prescribed by law for a term of five years and no more than two consecutive terms.

Article 14. Vice President of the Union

The Vice-President of the Union is elected together with the President of the Union. The Vice-President of the Union performs certain functions of the President of the Union under the authority of the President of the Union.

Article 15

The State Council of the Union is created to coordinate the most important issues of domestic and foreign policy affecting the common interests of the states parties to the treaty.

The State Council consists of the President of the Union and higher | officials states parties to the treaty. The work of the State Council is headed by the President of the Union.

Decisions of the State Council are binding on all executive authorities.

Article 16 Government of the Union

The Government of the Union is the executive body of the Union, reports to the President of the Union, and is responsible to the Supreme Council of the Union.

The Union Government is headed by the Prime Minister. The government consists of the heads of governments of the states parties to the treaty. Chairman of the Interstate Economic Committee (First Deputy Prime Minister), Deputy Prime Ministers and heads of departments provided for by the agreements between the states parties to the agreement.

The Government of the Union is formed by the President of the Union in agreement with the Council of the Republics of the Supreme Council of the Union.

Article 17 Supreme Court of the Union

The Supreme Court of the Union decides on the conformity of the laws of the Union and the laws of the States Parties to the Treaty with this Treaty and the Declaration of Human Rights and Freedoms; considers civil and criminal cases of an interstate nature, including cases on the protection of the rights and freedoms of citizens; It is the highest court in relation to the military courts. At the Supreme Court of the Union, a prosecutor's office is being created to supervise the implementation of legislative acts of the Union.

Formation procedure Supreme Court Union is determined by law.

Article 18 court of Arbitration Union

The Supreme Arbitration Court of the Union resolves economic disputes between states parties to the agreement, as well as disputes between enterprises under the jurisdiction of different states parties to the agreement.

The procedure for the formation of the Supreme Arbitration Court is determined by law.

IV. Final provisions

Article 19. Language of interethnic communication in the Union

The parties to the agreement independently determine their state language (languages). The states parties to the treaty recognize Russian as the language of interethnic communication in the Union.

Article 20. Capital of the Union

The capital of the Union is the city of Moscow.

Article 21 State symbols Union

The Union has a state emblem, flag and anthem.

Article 22

This Treaty or its individual provisions may be canceled, amended or supplemented only with the consent of all the states forming the Union.

Article 23. Entry into force of the treaty

This agreement is approved by the highest authorities of the states that form the Union, and enters into force after it is signed by their authorized delegations.

For the states that signed it, from the same date, the Treaty on the Formation of the USSR of 1922 is considered invalid.

Article 24. Liability under a contract

The Union and the states forming it are mutually responsible for the fulfillment of the obligations assumed and compensate for the damage caused by violations of this agreement.

Article 25 Succession of the Union

The Union of Sovereign States is the legal successor of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Succession is subject to the provisions of Articles 6 and 23 of this Agreement.

On the morning of August 18, 1991, the regular issue of the Moskovskie Novosti weekly went on sale in newsstands in many cities of the USSR, in which a draft Treaty on the Union of Sovereign States was published, the signing of which was scheduled for August 20.

In the same issue, an editorial note "Did Sakharov dream about this?" and the address of the chairman of the State Bank of the USSR V. Gerashchenko to the Federation Council and the Supreme Soviets of the republics "The State Bank warns: the Ruble is in danger."

And anticipating the text of the Treaty itself, the editors of MN reported:

"The published document is still kept secret.

Nevertheless, it was announced that the initial agreement between the participants in the Novo-Ogarevo negotiations had been reached and in a few days - on August 20 - it would be signed by the first republics. When publishing the treaty, Moskovskiye Novosti proceeds from the main point: public discussion of the document that determines the fate of millions of people should begin as soon as possible. We offer readers the Union Treaty, agreed on July 23, 1991.

AGREEMENT ON THE UNION OF SOVEREIGN STATES

The States that have signed this Treaty, proceeding from the Declarations of State Sovereignty proclaimed by them and recognizing the right of nations to self-determination; considering the closeness of the historical destinies of their peoples and fulfilling their will to preserve and renew the Union, expressed at the referendum on March 17, 1991; striving to live in friendship and harmony, ensuring equal cooperation; desiring to create conditions for the all-round development of each individual and reliable guarantees of his rights and freedoms; taking care of the material well-being and spiritual development of peoples, mutual enrichment of national cultures, ensuring common security; drawing lessons from the past and taking into account the changes in the life of the country and throughout the world, we decided to build our relations in the Union on new principles and agreed on the following.

I
BASIC PRINCIPLES


First. Each republic - a party to the Treaty - is a sovereign state. The Union of Soviet Sovereign Republics (USSR) is a sovereign federal democratic state formed as a result of the unification of equal republics and exercising state power within the limits of the powers that the parties to the Treaty voluntarily vest in it.

Second. The states that form the Union reserve the right to independently decide all issues of their development, guaranteeing equal political rights and opportunities for socio-economic and cultural development to all peoples living on their territory. The parties to the Treaty will proceed from a combination of universal and national values, resolutely oppose racism, chauvinism, nationalism, and any attempts to limit the rights of peoples.

Third. The states that form the Union consider the priority of human rights in accordance with the UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other generally recognized norms of international law to be the most important principle. All citizens are guaranteed the opportunity to study and use their native language, unhindered access to information, freedom of religion, other political, socio-economic, personal rights and freedoms.

Fourth. The states that form the Union see the most important condition for the freedom and well-being of the people and every person in the formation of civil society. They will strive to meet the needs of people on the basis of a free choice of forms of ownership and methods of management, the development of an all-Union market, the implementation of the principles of social justice and security.

Fifth. The states forming the Union shall have full political power, independently determine their national-state and administrative-territorial structure, the system of authorities and administration. They may delegate part of their powers to other States Parties to the Treaty, of which they are members.

The parties to the Treaty recognize democracy based on popular representation and the direct expression of the will of peoples as a common fundamental principle, and strive to create a state of law that would serve as a guarantor against any tendencies towards totalitarianism and arbitrariness.

Sixth. The states forming the Union consider the preservation and development of national traditions, state support for education, health care, science and culture to be one of the most important tasks. They will promote an intensive exchange and mutual enrichment of humanistic spiritual values ​​and achievements of the peoples of the Union and the whole world.

Seventh. The Union of Soviet Sovereign Republics acts in international relations as a sovereign state, a subject of international law - the successor to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Its main goals in the international arena are lasting peace, disarmament, the elimination of nuclear and other weapons of mass destruction, the cooperation of states and the solidarity of peoples in solving the global problems of mankind.

The states forming the Union are full members of the international community. They have the right to establish direct diplomatic, consular and trade relations with foreign states, to exchange plenipotentiary representations with them, to conclude international treaties and participate in the activities of international organizations, without prejudice to the interests of each of the allied states and their common interests, without violating the international obligations of the Union.

II
UNION DEVICE

Article 1. Membership in the Union

Membership of states in the Union is voluntary. The states that form the Union are included in it directly or as part of other states. This does not infringe on their rights and does not relieve them of their obligations under the Agreement. All of them have equal rights and bear equal duties. Relations between states, one of which is part of the other, are regulated by treaties between them, the Constitution of the state in which it is a part, and the Constitution of the USSR. In the RSFSR - by a federal or other agreement, the Constitution of the USSR. The Union is open to other democratic states recognizing the Treaty to join it. The states forming the Union retain the right to freely withdraw from it in the manner established by the parties to the Treaty and enshrined in the Constitution and laws of the Union.

Article 2 Citizenship of the Union

A citizen of a state that is a member of the Union is at the same time a citizen of the Union. Citizens of the USSR have equal rights, freedoms and duties, enshrined in the Constitution, laws and international treaties of the Union.

Article 3. Territory of the Union The territory of the Union consists of the territory of all states forming it. The Parties to the Treaty recognize the boundaries existing between them at the time of signing the Treaty. The boundaries between the states forming the Union may be changed only by agreement between them, which does not violate the interests of other parties to the Treaty.

Article 4. Relations between the states forming the Union

Relations between the states forming the Union are governed by this Treaty, the Constitution of the USSR, and treaties and agreements that do not contradict them. The parties to the Treaty build their relations within the Union on the basis of equality, respect for sovereignty, territorial integrity, non-interference in internal affairs, settlement of disputes by peaceful means, cooperation, mutual assistance, conscientious fulfillment of obligations under the Union Treaty and inter-republican agreements. The states forming the Union undertake: not to resort in their relations to force and threat of force; not encroach on the territorial integrity of each other; not to conclude agreements that are contrary to the goals of the Union or directed against the states forming it. It is not allowed to use the troops of the USSR Ministry of Defense inside the country, except for their participation in solving urgent national economic tasks in exceptional cases, in eliminating the consequences of natural disasters and environmental disasters, as well as in cases provided for by the legislation on the state of emergency.

Article 5

The parties to the Treaty endow the USSR with the following powers:

Protection of the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Union and its subjects; declaration of war and conclusion of peace; ensuring defense and leadership of the Armed Forces, border, special (government communications, engineering and other), internal, railway troops of the Union; organization of the development and production of weapons and military equipment.

Ensuring the state security of the Union; establishment of the regime and protection of the state border, economic zone, maritime and air space of the Union; leadership* and coordination of the activities of the security agencies of the republics.

* Comrade V. A. Kryuchkov's proposal was agreed with the leadership of the republics.

Implementation of the foreign policy of the Union and coordination of the foreign policy activities of the republics; representation of the Union in relations with foreign states and international organizations; conclusion of international treaties of the Union.

Implementation of the foreign economic activity of the Union and coordination of the foreign economic activity of the republics; representation of the Union in international economic and financial organizations, conclusion of foreign economic agreements of the Union.

Approval and execution of the Union budget, the implementation of money emission; storage of gold reserves, diamond and foreign exchange funds of the Union; management of space research; control air traffic, all-Union systems of communication and information, geodesy and cartography, metrology, standardization, meteorology; nuclear power management.

Adoption of the Constitution of the Union, introduction of amendments and additions to it; the adoption of laws within the powers of the Union and the establishment of the foundations of legislation on issues agreed with the -republics; supreme constitutional control.

Management of federal law enforcement and coordination of the activities of the law enforcement agencies of the Union and the republics in the fight against crime.

Article 6

The bodies of state power and administration of the Union and the republics jointly exercise the following powers:

Defense of the constitutional order of the Union, based on the present Treaty and the Constitution of the USSR; ensuring the rights and freedoms of citizens of the USSR.

Definition military policy Union, the implementation of measures to organize and ensure defense; establishment of a unified procedure for conscription and passage military service; establishment of a border zone regime; resolving issues related to the activities of troops and the deployment of military facilities on the territory of the republics; organization of mobilization training National economy; management of enterprises of the defense complex.

Determination of the strategy of the state security of the Union and ensuring the state security of the republics; change state border the Union with the consent of the relevant party to the Treaty; protection of state secrets; determination of the list of strategic resources and products not subject to export outside the Union" establishment general principles and standards in the field of environmental safety; establishing the procedure for obtaining, storing and using fissile and radioactive materials.

Determining the foreign policy of the USSR and monitoring its implementation; protection of the rights and interests of citizens of the USSR, the rights and interests of the republics in international relations; establishing the foundations of foreign economic activity; conclusion of agreements on international loans and loans, regulation of the external public debt of the Union; unified customs business; security and rational use natural resources of the economic zone and the continental shelf of the Union.

Defining a strategy for the socio-economic development of the Union and creating conditions for the formation of an all-Union market; conducting a unified financial, credit, monetary, tax, insurance and pricing policy based on a common currency; creation and use of gold reserves, diamond and foreign exchange funds of the Union; development and implementation of all-Union programs; control over the execution of the Union budget and the agreed emission of money; creation of all-union funds regional development and elimination of consequences of natural disasters and catastrophes; creation of strategic reserves; maintaining unified all-Union statistics.

Development of a unified policy and balance in the field of fuel and energy resources, management of the country's energy system, main gas and oil pipelines, all-Union rail, air and sea transport; establishing the foundations for nature management and protection environment, veterinary medicine, epizootics and plant quarantine; coordination of actions in the field of water management and resources of inter-republican significance.

Determination of the foundations of social policy on employment, migration, working conditions, its payment and protection, social security and insurance, public education, healthcare, physical education and sports; establishing the foundations for pension provision and maintaining other social guarantees - including when citizens move from one republic to another; establishing a unified procedure for indexing income and a guaranteed subsistence minimum.

Organization of fundamental scientific research and stimulation of scientific and technological progress, the establishment of general principles and criteria for the preparation and certification of scientific and teaching staff; definition general order the use of therapeutic agents and techniques; promoting the development and mutual enrichment of national cultures; preservation of the original habitat small peoples, creating conditions for their economic and cultural development.

Control over observance of the Constitution and laws of the Union, decrees of the President, decisions made within the framework of Union competence; creation of an all-Union forensic accounting and information system; organizing the fight against crimes committed on the territory of several republics; determination of a unified regime for the organization of correctional institutions.

Article 7

Issues related to the joint competence are resolved by the authorities and administrations of the Union and its constituent states through coordination, special agreements, adoption of the fundamentals of the legislation of the Union and the republics and the republican laws corresponding to them. Questions referred to the competence of the Union bodies are resolved by them directly.

Powers not expressly assigned by Articles 5 and 6 to the exclusive jurisdiction of the bodies of power and administration of the Union or to the sphere of joint competence of the bodies of the Union and the republics remain under the jurisdiction of the republics and are exercised by them independently or on the basis of bilateral and multilateral agreements between them. After the signing of the Treaty, a corresponding change in the powers of the governing bodies of the Union and the republics is carried out.

The parties to the Treaty proceed from the fact that as the all-Union market develops, the sphere of direct government controlled economy. The necessary redistribution or change in the scope of powers of the governing bodies will be carried out with the consent of the states that make up the Union.

Disputes on issues of exercising the powers of union bodies or the exercise of rights and performance of duties in the field of joint powers of bodies of the Union and the republics are resolved through conciliation procedures. If no agreement is reached, disputes are submitted to the Constitutional Court of the Union.

The states that form the Union participate in the exercise of the powers of the Union bodies through the joint formation of the latter, as well as special procedures for coordinating decisions and their implementation,

Each republic may, by concluding an agreement with the Union, additionally delegate to it the exercise of its individual powers, and the Union, with the consent of all the republics, may transfer to one or more of them the exercise of its individual powers on their territory.

Article 8 animal world are the property of the republics and the inalienable property of their peoples. The order of possession, use and disposal of them (property right) is established by the legislation of the republics. The right of ownership in relation to resources located on the territory of several republics is established by the legislation of the Union. The states that form the Union assign to it the objects of state property necessary for the exercise of the powers vested in the Union bodies of power and administration. The property owned by the Union is used in the common interests of its constituent states, including in the interests of the accelerated development of lagging regions. The states forming the Union are entitled to their share in the gold reserves, diamond and currency funds Union, available at the time of the conclusion of this Agreement. Their participation in the further accumulation and use of treasures is determined by special agreements.

Article 9 Union taxes and dues

To finance Union budget expenditures related to the implementation of the powers transferred to the Union, uniform Union taxes and fees are established at fixed interest rates, determined in agreement with the republics, on the basis of items of expenditure presented by the Union. Control over the expenditures of the Union budget is carried out by the parties to the Treaty. All-Union programs are financed by share contributions from the interested republics and the Union budget. The scope and purpose of all-Union programs are regulated by agreements between the Union and the republics, taking into account the indicators of their socio-economic development.

Article 10. Constitution of the Union

The Constitution of the Union is based on this Treaty and must not contradict it.

Article 11. Laws

The laws of the Union, the Constitutions and the laws of the states forming it must not contradict the provisions of this Treaty. The laws of the Union on matters within its jurisdiction shall have supremacy and are binding on the territory of the republics. The laws of the republic shall have supremacy in its territory in all matters except those which are within the jurisdiction of the Union. The Republic has the right to suspend the operation of the law of the Union on its territory and challenge it if it violates this Treaty, contradicts the Constitution or the laws of the Republic adopted within the limits of its authority. The Union has the right to protest and suspend the operation of the law of the Republic if it violates this Treaty, contradicts the Constitution or laws of the Union adopted within its powers. Disputes are submitted to the Constitutional Court of the Union, which makes a final decision within one month.

III
BODIES OF THE UNION

Article 12. Formation of the organs of the Union

Union bodies of power and administration are formed on the basis of the free will of the peoples and governments of the states that form the Union. They act in strict accordance with the provisions of this Treaty and the Constitution of the Union.

Article 13

The legislative power of the Union is exercised by the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, which consists of two chambers: the Council of Republics and the Council of the Union.

The Council of the Republics consists of representatives of the republics, delegated by their highest authorities. The republics and national-territorial formations retain no less number of seats in the Council of Republics than they had in the Council of Nationalities of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR at the time the Treaty was signed.

All deputies of this chamber from the republic, which is directly a part of the Union, have one common vote when resolving issues. The procedure for electing representatives and their quotas are determined by a special agreement between the republics and by the electoral law of the USSR.

The Council of the Union is elected by the population of the entire country in constituencies with an equal number of voters. At the same time, representation in the Council of the Union of all the republics participating in the Treaty is guaranteed.

The chambers of the Supreme Soviet of the Union jointly amend the Constitution of the USSR; accept new states into the USSR; determine the foundations of the domestic and foreign policy of the Union; approve the union budget and report on its execution; declare war and make peace; approve changes to the borders of the Union. ,.

The Council of the Republics adopts laws on the organization and procedure for the activities of the Union bodies; considers questions of relations between the republics; ratifies international treaties of the USSR; gives consent to the appointment of the Cabinet of Ministers of the USSR.

The Council of the Union considers issues of ensuring the rights and freedoms of citizens of the USSR and adopts laws on all issues except those that fall within the competence of the Council of Republics.

Laws adopted by the Council of the Union come into force after approval by the Council of the Republics.

Article 14. President of the Union of Soviet Sovereign Republics

The President of the Union is the head of the union state, who has the highest executive and administrative power. The President of the Union acts as a guarantor of compliance with the Union Treaty, the Constitution and laws of the Union; is the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Union; represents the Union in relations with foreign countries; exercises control over the fulfillment of the international obligations of the Union. The President is elected by the citizens of the Union on the basis of universal, equal and direct suffrage by secret ballot for a term of 5 years and no more than two consecutive terms. A candidate who receives more than half of the votes of the voters who took part in the voting in the Union as a whole and in the majority of its constituent states is considered elected.

Article 15

The Vice-President of the USSR is elected together with the President of the USSR. The Vice-President of the Union performs certain functions of the President of the Union under the authorization of the President of the Union and replaces the President of the USSR in the event of his absence and the impossibility of fulfilling his duties.

Article 16

The Cabinet of Ministers of the Union is the executive body of the Union, subordinate to the President of the Union and responsible before the Supreme Soviet. The Cabinet of Ministers is formed by the President of the Union in agreement with the Council of the Republics of the Supreme Council of the Union. Heads of governments of the republics participate in the work of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Union with the right of a decisive vote.

Article 17

The Constitutional Court of the USSR is formed on an equal footing by the President of the USSR and each of the chambers of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. The Constitutional Court of the Union considers issues of compliance with the legislative acts of the Union and the republics, decrees of the President of the Union and the presidents of the republics, regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Union Union Treaty and the Constitution of the Union, and also resolves disputes between the Union and the republics, between the republics.

Article 18. Standing (federal) courts

Union (federal) courts - the Supreme Court of the Union of Soviet Sovereigns, the Republics, the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Union, the courts in the Armed Forces of the Union, the Supreme Court of the Union and the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Union exercise judicial power within the powers of the Union. The chairmen of the highest judicial and arbitration bodies of the republics shall be ex officio members of the Supreme Court of the Union and the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Union, respectively.

Article 19

Supervision over the implementation of the legislative acts of the Union is carried out by the Prosecutor General of the Union, the Prosecutors General (Prosecutors) of the republics and prosecutors subordinate to them. The Prosecutor General of the Union is appointed by the Supreme Council of the Union and is accountable to it. The prosecutors general (prosecutors) of the republics are appointed by their supreme legislative bodies and are ex officio members of the collegium of the Union Prosecutor's Office. In their activities of supervising the execution of Union laws, they are accountable both to the highest legislative bodies of their states and to the Attorney General of the Union.

IV
FINAL PROVISIONS

Article 20

The republics independently determine their state language (languages). The parties to the Treaty recognize Russian as the language of interethnic communication in the USSR.

Article 21. Capital of the Union

The capital of the USSR is the city of Moscow.

Article 22. State symbols of the Union

The Union of the SSR has the State Emblem, Flag and Anthem.

Article 23. Entry into force of the Treaty

This Treaty is approved by the highest state authorities of the states forming the Union, and comes into force from the moment of their signing by their authorized delegations. For the states that signed it, from the same date, the Treaty on the Formation of the USSR of 1922 is considered invalid. With the entry into force of the Treaty, the most favored nation treatment is in effect for the states that have signed it. Relations between the Union of Soviet Sovereign Republics and the republics that are part of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics but have not signed this Treaty shall be settled on the basis of the legislation of the USSR, mutual obligations and agreements.

Article 24. Liability under the Agreement

The Union and the states forming it are mutually responsible for the fulfillment of the obligations assumed and compensate for the damage caused by violations of this Treaty.

Article 25. Procedure for amending and supplementing the Agreement

This Treaty or its individual provisions may be canceled, amended or supplemented only with the consent of all the states forming the Union. If necessary, by agreement between the states that have signed the Treaty, annexes to it may be adopted.

Article 26. Succession of the supreme bodies of the Union

For the purpose of the continuity of the exercise of state power and administration, the highest legislative, executive and judicial bodies of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics shall retain their powers until the formation of the highest state bodies of the Union of Soviet Sovereign Republics in accordance with these Treaties and the new Constitution of the USSR.

The signatory states to this treaty, on the basis of the proclaimed

their declarations of sovereignty and recognizing the right of nations to self-determination;

considering the closeness of the historical destinies of their peoples and expressing their will

live in friendship and harmony, developing an equal mutually beneficial

cooperation;

taking care of their material well-being and spiritual development,

mutual enrichment of national cultures, ensuring common security;

wishing to create reliable guarantees of the rights and freedoms of citizens,

decided on a new basis to create a Union of Sovereign States and

agreed on the following.

I. BASIC PRINCIPLES

First. Each republic - a party to the treaty is sovereign

state. Union of Sovereign States (USS) -- confederate

democratic state exercising power within the limits of authority,

with which it is voluntarily endowed by the parties to the treaty.

Second. The states forming the Union reserve the right to

independent solution of all issues of its development, guaranteeing equal

political rights and opportunities for socio-economic and cultural

progress to all the peoples living on their territory. Parties to the agreement

will proceed from a combination of universal and national values,

resolutely oppose racism, chauvinism, nationalism, any attempt

restrictions on the rights of peoples.

Third. The states forming the Union consider it the most important principle

priority of human rights in accordance with the Universal Declaration of Rights

human, other generally recognized norms of international law. Everyone

citizens are guaranteed the opportunity to learn and use their native language,

unhindered access to information, freedom of religion, others

political, socio-economic, personal rights and freedoms.

Fourth. The states forming the Union see the most important condition

freedom and well-being of their peoples and of every person in the formation

civil society. They will strive to meet the needs

people on the basis of free

choice of forms of ownership and methods of management, development

the all-union market, the implementation of the principles of social justice and

security.

Fifth. The states forming the Union shall independently determine their own

national-state and administrative-territorial structure,

system of government and administration. They recognize the common fundamental

principle of democracy based on popular representation and direct

the will of peoples, strive to create a state of law, which

would serve as a guarantor against any tendencies towards totalitarianism and arbitrariness.

Sixth. The states forming the Union consider one of the most important tasks

preservation and development of national traditions, state support

education, health care, science and culture. They will assist

intensive exchange and mutual enrichment of humanistic spiritual values

and achievements of the peoples of the Union and the whole world.

Seventh. The Union of Sovereign States acts in international

relations as a sovereign state, subject of international law

successor to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. His main goals

in the international arena are lasting peace, disarmament, elimination

nuclear and other weapons of mass destruction, cooperation between states and

solidarity of peoples in solving global problems of mankind.

The states forming the Union are subjects of international law.

They have the right to establish direct diplomatic, consular

communications, trade and other relations with foreign states, to exchange

plenipotentiaries with them, conclude international treaties and

participate in the activities of international organizations without prejudice to the interests

of each of the states forming the Union and their common interests, without violating

international obligations of the Union.

II. UNION DEVICE

Article 1. Membership in the Union

Membership of states in the Union is voluntary.

Parties to this Treaty are the states directly

forming the Union.

The Union is open for accession by other democratic states,

recognizing the Treaty. Admission to the Union of new states is carried out with

consent of all parties to this agreement.

The states forming the Union retain the right to freely secede from it.

in the manner prescribed by the parties to the agreement.

Article 2 Citizenship of the Union

A citizen of a state that is a member of the Union is at the same time

a citizen of the Union of Sovereign States.

Citizens of the Union have equal rights, freedoms and duties

laws and international treaties of the Union.

Article 3 Territory of the Union

The territory of the Union consists of the territories of all member states

contracts.

The Union guarantees the inviolability of the borders of the states that are its members.

Article 4. Relations between the states forming the Union

Relations between the states forming the Union are governed by this

agreement, as well as other agreements that do not contradict it and

agreements.

The states that are parties to the treaty build their relations as part of

Union on the basis of equality, respect for sovereignty, -: non-intervention in

internal affairs, settlement of disputes by peaceful means, cooperation,

mutual assistance, conscientious fulfillment of obligations under this agreement

and inter-republican agreements.

The states forming the Union undertake: not to resort in relations

among themselves to force and threat by force; do not encroach on territorial

each other's integrity not to enter into agreements contrary to the objectives of the Union

or directed against other states - parties to the treaty.

Article 5. Armed Forces of the Union

The Union of Sovereign States has a single Armed Forces "with

centralized management.

The goals, purpose and procedure for using the unified Armed Forces, and

also the competence of the states - parties to the treaty in the field of defense

governed by the terms of this Agreement.

States parties to the treaty have the right to create republican

armed formations whose functions and strength are determined

the specified agreement.

It is not allowed to use the Armed Forces of the Union within the country, for

exclusion of their participation in the aftermath of natural disasters,

environmental disasters, as well as cases provided for by law

about the state of emergency.

Article 6

multilateral agreements

The states parties to the treaty form a single political and

economic space and base their relations on the

principles of this agreement and the benefits provided by it. Relationship with

states that are not members of the Union of Sovereign States are based on

generally accepted norms of international law.

In order to ensure the common interests of the states - parties to the treaty

areas of joint competence are established and appropriate

multilateral treaties and agreements:

About the economic community;

On joint defense and collective security;

On the coordination of foreign policy;

On the coordination of general scientific and technical programs;

On the protection of human rights and national minorities;

On the coordination of general environmental programs;

In the field of energy, transport, communications and space;

On cooperation in the field of education and culture;

On the fight against crime.

Article 7. Powers of Union (interstate) bodies

For the implementation of common tasks arising from the treaty and multilateral

agreements, the states forming the Union delegate to the Union bodies

the necessary powers.

The states forming the Union participate in the exercise of the powers of the Union

bodies through their joint formation, as well as special

procedures for coordinating decisions and their implementation.

Each party to the treaty may, by concluding an agreement with the Union

additionally delegate to him the exercise of certain of his powers, and

Union, with the consent of all participants, transfer to one or more of them

exercising their individual powers on their territory.

Article 8. Property

The States parties to the treaty shall ensure the free development and

protection of all forms of ownership.

States parties to the treaty shall place at the disposal of the bodies of the Union

property necessary for the exercise of their powers. it

the property is jointly owned by the states forming the Union, and

used solely for their common interests, including accelerated development

lagging regions.

The use of land, its subsoil and other natural resources of states --

of the parties to the treaty to exercise the powers of the federal bodies is carried out

in accordance with the laws of these states.

Article 9 Budget of the Union

The procedure for financing the Union budget and controlling its spending

part is established by special agreement.

Article 10 Laws of the Union

The constitutional basis of the Union of Sovereign States is the present

Treaty and Declaration of Human Rights and Freedoms.

The laws of the Union are adopted on matters within the competence of the Union, and in

within the limits of the powers assigned to it by this Agreement. They are required for

execution on the territory of all states - parties to the treaty.

The state party to the treaty has the right to protest and suspend

operation on its territory of the law of the Union, if it violates this

The Union, represented by its supreme authorities, has the right to protest and

suspend the operation of the law of the state party to the treaty, if it

violates this agreement.

Disputes are resolved through conciliation procedures or referred to

Supreme Court of the Union, which makes the final decision within

one month.

III. BODIES OF THE UNION

Article 11. Formation of the bodies of the Union

Bodies of the Union of Sovereign States provided for by this

treaty, are formed on the basis of the free will of the peoples and

full representation of the states forming the Union.

Organization, powers and procedure for the activities of authorities,

administration and justice are established by the relevant laws, not

contrary to this agreement.

Article 12

The legislative power of the Union is exercised by the Supreme Council of the Union,

consisting of two chambers: the Council of the Republics and the Council of the Union.

The Council of the Republics consists of 20 deputies from each state,

constituting the Union, delegated by its supreme authority.

The RSFSR has 52 deputies in the Council of the Republics. Other States --

parties to the treaty that include republics and autonomous

education, are additionally delegated to the Council of the Republics by one deputy

from each republic and autonomous entity. In order to ensure

sovereignty of the states - parties to the treaty and their equality - with

The Council of the Union is elected by the population of the Union in constituencies with

an equal number of voters. This guarantees representation in

Council of the Union of all states - parties to the treaty.

The Chambers of the Supreme Council of the Union jointly accept new members of the Union

states, hear the President of the Union on the most important issues

domestic and foreign policy of the Union, approve the Union budget and report on its

performance, declare war and make peace.

The Council of the Republics decides on the organization and procedure of activities

bodies of the Union of Sovereign States, considers issues of relations between

republics, ratifies and denounces the international treaties of the Union, gives

consent to the appointment of a Union government.

The Council of the Union considers issues of ensuring the rights and freedoms of citizens and

makes decisions on all issues within the competence of the Supreme Council for

with the exception of those that fall within the competence of the Council of the Republics.

Laws adopted by the Council of the Union come into force after their approval.

Council of the Republics.

Article 13 President of the Union

The President of the Union is the head of the confederate state.

The President of the Union acts as a guarantor of compliance with the Treaty on the Union

of the Sovereign States and the laws of the Union, is the Commander-in-Chief

Armed Forces of the Union, represents the Union in relations with foreign

states, monitors the implementation of international

obligations of the Union.

The President of the Union is elected by the citizens of the Union in the manner prescribed by

By law, for a period of five years and no more than two consecutive terms.

Article 14. Vice President of the Union

The Vice-President of the Union is elected together with the President of the Union.

The Vice-President of the Union performs, under the authority of the President of the Union, some of his

Article 15

The State Council of the Union is created to agree on the most important

issues of domestic and foreign policy affecting common interests

States parties to the treaty.

The State Council consists of the President of the Union and senior officials

persons of states - parties to the treaty. The work of the State Council

headed by the President of the Union.

The decisions of the Council of State are binding on all

executive authorities.

Article 16 Government of the Union

The Government of the Union is the executive body of the Union,

subordinate to the President of the Union, responsible to the Supreme Council

The Union Government is headed by the Prime Minister. Part

governments include the heads of governments of the states parties to the treaty,

Chairman of the Interstate Economic Committee (First Deputy

prime minister), deputy prime ministers and heads of departments,

stipulated by agreements between the states-participants of the treaty.

The Government of the Union is formed by the President of the Union in agreement with

Council of the Republics of the Supreme Council of the Union.

Article 17 Supreme Court of the Union

The Supreme Court of the Union decides on the conformity of laws

Union and the laws of the states - parties to the agreement - to this agreement and

Declaration of human rights and freedoms;

considers civil and criminal cases of the interstate

nature, including cases on the protection of the rights and freedoms of citizens; is the highest

jurisdiction over military courts. At the Supreme Court of the Union

a prosecutor's office was created to supervise the implementation of legislative

acts of the Union.

The procedure for the formation of the Supreme Court of the Union is determined by law.

Article 18. Supreme Arbitration Court of the Union

The Supreme Arbitration Court of the Union resolves economic disputes between

states - parties to the agreement, as well as disputes between enterprises,

under the jurisdiction of the various states parties to the treaty.

IV. FINAL PROVISIONS

Article 19. Language of interethnic communication in the Union

The parties to the agreement independently determine their state language

(languages). The language of interethnic communication in the Union of the states - participants

treaties recognize the Russian language.

Article 20. Capital of the Union

The capital is the city of Moscow.

Article 21. State Symbols of the Union

The Union has a state emblem, flag and anthem.

Article 22

This Agreement or any of its provisions may be revoked,

amended or supplemented only with the consent of all the states constituting the Union.

Article 23. Entry into force of the treaty

This agreement is approved by the highest state authorities

of the states constituting the Union, and shall enter into force after its signing by their

authorized delegations.

For the states that signed it, from the same date it is considered to have lost

force Treaty on the formation of the USSR in 1922.

Article 24. Liability under the Agreement

The Union and the states forming it are mutually responsible for

fulfillment of the obligations assumed and compensate for the damage caused by violations

actual agreement.

Article 25 Succession of the Union

The Union of Sovereign States is the legal successor of the Union of Soviet

Socialist Republics. Succession is subject to the provisions

articles 6 and 23 of this agreement.

The signatory states to this treaty, on the basis of their declared declarations of sovereignty and recognizing the right of nations to self-determination; taking into account the closeness of the historical destinies of their peoples and expressing their will to live in friendship and harmony, developing equal and mutually beneficial cooperation; taking care of their material well-being and spiritual development, mutual enrichment of national cultures, ensuring common security; Desiring to create reliable guarantees of the rights and freedoms of citizens, they decided on a new basis to create a Union of Sovereign States and agreed on the following. I. Basic principles. First. Each republic - party to the treaty is a sovereign state. The Union of Sovereign States (USS) is a confederal democratic state exercising power within the limits of the powers that the parties to the treaty voluntarily assign to it. Second. The states that form the Union reserve the right to independently resolve all issues of their development, guaranteeing equal political rights and opportunities for socio-economic and cultural progress to all peoples living on their territory.

Fifth. The states forming the Union independently determine their national-state and administrative-territorial structure, the system of authorities and administration.

Seventh. The Union of Sovereign States acts in international relations as a sovereign state, a subject of international law - the successor to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

II. Organization of the UnionArticle 1. Membership in the UnionMembership of states in the Union is voluntary.

Article 2 Citizenship of the Union A citizen of a state that is a member of the Union is at the same time a citizen of the Union of Sovereign States.

Article 3. Territory of the Union The territory of the Union consists of the territories of all states - parties to the treaty.

Article 5. The Armed Forces of the Union The Union of Sovereign States has a unified armed force with centralized control.

Article 8 The States Parties to the Treaty shall place at the disposal of the bodies of the Union the property necessary for the exercise of the powers vested in them. This property is jointly owned by the states that form the Union and is used exclusively for their common interests, including the accelerated development of lagging regions.

III. Bodies of the Union Article 12. The Supreme Council of the Union The legislative power of the Union is exercised by the Supreme Council of the Union, which consists of two chambers: the Council of the Republics and the Council of the Union.

The Council of the Republics decides on the organization and operation of the organs of the Union of Sovereign States, considers questions of relations between the republics, ratifies and denounces the international treaties of the Union, and gives consent to the appointment of the Government of the Union. The Council of the Union considers issues of ensuring the rights and freedoms of citizens and makes decisions on all issues within the competence of the Supreme Council, with the exception of those that fall within the competence of the Council of the Republics.

Article 13. President of the UnionThe President of the Union is the head of the confederal state. The President of the Union acts as a guarantor of compliance with the Treaty on the Union of Sovereign States and the laws of the Union, is the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Union, represents the Union in relations with foreign states, and exercises control over the fulfillment of the international obligations of the Union.

IV. Final provisions Article 19. Language of interethnic communication in the Union The parties to the agreement independently determine their state language (languages). The states parties to the treaty recognize the Russian language as the language of interethnic communication in the Union. Article 20. Capital of the UnionThe capital of the Union is the city of Moscow. Article 21

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Books

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