How to spell the Order of the Red Banner of Labor. Battle Red Banners

The Order of the Red Banner of Labor was established on September 7, 1928 to reward great labor services to the Soviet state and society in the field of production, science, culture, literature, art, public education, healthcare, in state, public and other areas of labor activity.

The Order of the Red Banner of Labor is a badge depicting an unfurled red banner covered with ruby-red enamel with the inscription "USSR", below which, around the circumference, is placed an image of a gear wheel with the inscription "Proletarians of all countries, unite" along the rim. The rim of the sponge wheel and the inscription on it are oxidized. The inscription on the banner, the staff and the rims of the banner are gilded.

In the inner part of the cogwheel there is a gilded wreath of oak branches intertwined at the bottom with two narrow ribbons. In the center of the wreath are depicted a hydroelectric dam, a railway track laid over a bridge combined with a dam, and a river. Against their background are a gilded hammer and sickle. All images inside the wreath are oxidized, except for the image of the river, which is made in blue enamel. The background between the gear wheel rim and the wreath is covered with white enamel.

At the bottom of the order is a wreath of two rows of ears of wheat. The wreath and the lower part of the cogwheel are intertwined with a gilded ribbon, on which there is a five-pointed star, covered with ruby-red enamel with a gilded outline.

Made from silver. Order height - 44 mm, width - 37 mm. They are awarded to citizens of the USSR; enterprises, associations, institutions, organizations, union and autonomous republics, territories, regions, autonomous regions autonomous regions, districts, cities and other settlements.

From the statute of the order: the Order of the Red Banner of Labor is awarded for great achievements in the development of industry, agriculture, construction, transport and other sectors of the national economy, in improving the efficiency of social production, for the highest rates of labor productivity growth, improving product quality, developing and implementing in production of better technological processes; for stable high results in the fulfillment and overfulfillment of planned targets and accepted socialist obligations; for major successes in increasing the productivity of agricultural crops and the productivity of public animal husbandry, increasing the production and sale of agricultural products to the state; for great services in the development of science and technology, the introduction of their latest achievements in the national economy, for inventions and rationalization proposals of great technical and economic importance; for great merits in strengthening the country's defense capability; for especially fruitful activity in the field of Soviet culture, literature and art; for great services in the education and communist education of the younger generation, the training of highly qualified personnel in the field of health care, the development of trade, Catering, housing and communal services, consumer services for the population, for special achievements in the development of physical culture and sports; for important services in the field of state and social activities, in strengthening socialist law and order; for great services in the development of economic, scientific, technical and cultural cooperation between the USSR and other states.

The Order of the Red Banner of Labor is worn on the left side of the chest and, in the presence of other orders of the USSR, is located after the Order of the Red Banner.

In total, over 1.2 million people were awarded this order in the USSR, which has become truly popular.

The order of Lenin

It was established by a decree of the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR of April 6, 1930. The statute of the order was established by a decree of the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR of May 5, 1930. The statute of the order and its description were amended by a resolution of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR of September 27, 1934, decrees of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of June 19, 1943 and December 16, 1947. By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of March 28, 1980, the statute of the order was approved in a new edition.

The Order of Lenin is the highest award of the USSR for especially outstanding services in the revolutionary movement, labor activity, defense of the socialist Fatherland, development of friendship and cooperation between peoples, strengthening of peace and other especially outstanding services to the Soviet state and society.

The Order of Lenin was awarded to: citizens of the USSR; enterprises, associations, institutions, organizations, military units, warships, formations and associations, union and autonomous republics, territories, regions, autonomous regions, autonomous districts, districts, cities and other settlements.

The Order of Lenin could also be awarded to persons who were not citizens of the USSR, as well as enterprises, institutions, organizations and settlements of foreign states.

The Order of Lenin was awarded:

For exceptional achievements and successes in the field of economic, scientific, technical and socio-cultural development of Soviet society, increasing the efficiency and quality of work, for outstanding services in strengthening the might of the Soviet state, fraternal friendship of the peoples of the USSR;

For especially important merits in the defense of the socialist Fatherland, strengthening the defense capability of the USSR;

For outstanding revolutionary, state and socio-political activity;

For especially important merits in the development of friendship and cooperation between peoples Soviet Union and other states;

For especially outstanding services in strengthening the socialist community, developing the international communist, workers' and national liberation movement, in the struggle for peace, democracy and social progress;

For other especially outstanding services to the Soviet state and society.

For the awarding of the Order of Lenin for labor merits, as a rule, persons whose selfless work had previously been awarded by other orders could be presented. The Order of Lenin is awarded to persons awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, the title of Hero of the Socialist Heap, as well as to cities and fortresses that have been awarded the title of Hero City and Hero Fortress, respectively.

The Order of Lenin is worn on the left side of the chest and is placed in front of other orders and medals.

The Order of Lenin is a sign depicting a portrait-medallion of V. I. Lenin made of platinum, placed in a circle framed by a golden wreath of ears of wheat. The dark gray enamel background around the portrait-medallion is smooth and bordered by two concentric gold rims, between which ruby ​​red enamel is laid. On the left side of the wreath there is a five-pointed star, below - a sickle and a hammer, on the right in the upper part of the wreath - an unfolded panel of a red banner. The star, the hammer and sickle, and the banner are covered with ruby-red enamel and bordered with gold rims. On the banner is the inscription in gold letters "LENIN".

The Order of Lenin is made of gold, the laid on bas-relief of V. I. Lenin is made of platinum. Pure gold in the order is 28.604 ± 1.1 g, platinum - 2.75 g (as of September 18, 1975). The total weight of the order is 33.6±1.75 g.

The height of the order is 40.5 mm, the width of the order is 38 mm, the diameter of the portrait medallion is 25 mm.

The order, with the help of an eyelet and a ring, is connected to a pentagonal block covered with a silk moiré ribbon 24 mm wide, in the middle of the ribbon there is a longitudinal red stripe 16 mm wide, along the edges of the middle stripe two golden stripes 1.5 mm wide, then two red stripes 1.5 mm and two golden stripes 1 mm wide.

The Order of Lenin is the highest Soviet order, occupying the top step in the order hierarchy. Founded before the Great Patriotic War, the Order of Lenin was repeatedly modified. The idea of ​​creating this order was proposed by V. N. Levichev on July 8, 1926. The order was originally proposed to be called the "Order of Ilyich".

The artist I. Dubasov and the famous sculptor I. D. Shadr took part in the creation of the project for the order. Basis for creation relief image the leader on the sign of the order was a photograph of Lenin, made in 1921 at the III Congress of the Comintern. In 1934, medalist A. Vasyutinskiy carried out work on changing the design of the order.

The first awarding of the Order of Lenin was made by the decision of the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of May 23, 1930. According to this Decree, the Order of Lenin No. 1 was awarded to the newspaper “ TVNZ» for active assistance in strengthening the pace of socialist construction and in connection with the fifth anniversary of its founding.

One of the first collective awards of the Order of Lenin took place in accordance with the decision of the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR of February 28, 1931. For special merits in socialist construction were awarded the head of the main electrical workshops of the Moscow-Kursk railway S. S. Sidorov, the master promoter of the mechanical workshops of the Moscow electrical plant I. V. Grachkov, the locksmith of the factory "Artificial Fiber" (Mytishchi) A. S. Vysokolov and director of the Samotochka plant I. K. Padzhaev-Baranov.

On March 31, 1931, the USSR Central Executive Committee issued a resolution “On awarding the Azneft and Grozneft oil industry associations and individual oil industry workers with the Order of Lenin in connection with their fulfillment of the five-year plan in two and a half years.” 55 people were awarded for Azneft. First on the list were the names of Ali-Nagiyev, V.I. Lamper, Ambartsum Sarkisov and M.V. Barinov. Sergey Mironovich Kirov, who received the Order of Lenin with number 52, was among those awarded under Azneft under No. 5. Under No. 7 on the list was the name of Konstantin Andreyevich Rumyantsev, one of the leaders of the oil industry in Azerbaijan, who received the order with No. 160 for skillful construction management the Batum-Baku oil pipeline and for the restoration of oil fields and the organization of oil production in the first five-year plan. For Grozneft, 35 employees with special distinction were awarded, and the names of S. M. Ganshin, F. P. Chamrov, O. M. Shkolnik and I. V. Kossior opened the list.

For selfless, fast and heroic work in putting out a fire in the Maikop oil fields, by a decree of the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR of April 9, 1931, 15 workers, Red Army soldiers, commanders, firefighters and administrative and technical personnel were awarded the Order of Lenin. Orders were given to the special representative of Soyuzneft Mamikonos (as in the text of the resolution, in the order book, the surname is recorded as Mamikonyants), engineer Parnitsko, deputy representative of Soyuzneft Yertel, chemist of Mainneft Akimov, corps engineer Kalugin, company commander Kopylov, squad leader Yemelyanov, Red Army demolition men Evsikov, Kiprov, Burgaster, Artyomov, worker Golubtsov, minder Savitsky, firefighters Bannikov and Pligin.

On the same day, April 9, another decree was issued on awarding the Electrozavod and the workers of this plant with the Order of Lenin in connection with the implementation of the five-year plan in two and a half years. A total of 15 people were awarded, including the director of the plant Zhukov, the former director of the plant Bulganin, the engineers of the searchlight department of the plant Sobolev and Ryabov, the foreman of the case of large transformers Utzal.

Just seven days later - on April 16 - two more decrees were issued on rewarding enterprises and their employees for fulfilling the five-year plan in two and a half years. The first decree was awarded to the Krasnaya Zarya plant, as well as its director Ivanov and chief engineer Leviev. The second decree was awarded to the Svetlana plant, as well as the assistant to the chief production inspector Alekseeva, workers Petrov and Kolesnikova.

On April 18, an addition to the decree of April 9 was issued (on awarding those who distinguished themselves in extinguishing a fire in the Maikop oil fields). According to this addition, two more heroes received the Order of Lenin - I.V. Kotlov and F.N. Panin.

By a decree of the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR of May 17, 1931, a large group of workers was awarded the Order of Lenin railway transport and individual shock workers and inventors of other branches of the national economy. Among others, the artel headman of the Yasinovataya station M.V. Mishin, the depot engineer of the Zima station of the Tomsk railway I.F. Vasilenko and the instructor for autobrakes of the Oktyabrskaya railway N.P. Pavlov were awarded high awards.

Among the first awarded the Order of Lenin were major military leaders V.K. Maria Demchenko, Mamlakat Nakhangova, Mark Ozerny and others.

After the establishment on April 16, 1934 of the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, the Order of Lenin began to be awarded to everyone who received this honorary title. Since the Gold Star medal was established only in 1939, the Order of Lenin was the only distinction for the GSS. After the establishment of the Golden Star of the Hero, the Order of Lenin automatically continued to be issued with it.

By a decree of the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR of September 10, 1934, foreigners were awarded the Order of Lenin for the first time. For participation in the search and rescue of the Chelyuskinites, US citizens flight mechanics Levari Williams and Clyde Armistet received a high award.

For distinction in the battles near Lake Khasan, 95 people received the Order of Lenin.

In the 1930s, the orders of Lenin were awarded to military units and divisions. In 1932, the 25th Rifle Division named after V.I. Chapaev was awarded the Order of Lenin "for heroic deeds in socialist construction and excellent successes in combat and political training." In the same year, the 23rd Rifle Division was awarded the Order of Lenin "for active participation in the construction of the KhTZ (Kharkov Tractor Plant) and labor heroism of the personnel."

In 1934, the 30th Irkutsk Rifle Division named after the All-Russian Central Executive Committee was awarded the Order of Lenin. The order was personally attached to the banner of the division by M. I. Kalinin. This division already had three orders of the Red Banner (!) on the banner, and during the Great Patriotic War added a commander's order to its awards.

In 1935, the 44th Cavalry Division of the First Cavalry Army was awarded the Order of Lenin. The famous commander G.K. Zhukov, who at that time commanded the 44th Cavalry Division, was also awarded the Order of Lenin.

In 1935–1936, the 1st, 45th, 51st, 80th, 96th and other divisions were awarded the Orders of Lenin.

For participation in the defeat of the Japanese militarists on the Khalkhin Gol River in the summer of 1939, the Orders of Lenin were awarded to the 36th motorized rifle division of brigade commander Petrov, the 11th tank brigade of brigade commander Yakovlev, the 7th motorized armored brigade of Major Lesovoy, the 100th high-speed bomber aviation brigade of Colonel Shevchenko, 24th motorized rifle regiment colonel Fedyuninsky, 175th artillery regiment of colonel Polyansky, separate anti-tank division of the 36th motorized rifle division and a separate tank company for special purposes.

Before the war, the Order of Lenin was awarded to the N. E. Zhukovsky Air Force Engineering Academy and Military Academy named after M.V. Frunze.

In total, before the Great Patriotic War, about 6,500 people became holders of the Order of Lenin (including Heroes of the Soviet Union and Heroes of Socialist Labor).

On June 22, 1941, the Great Patriotic War began. The first to repulse the Nazis were the border guards. Warriors of 98 border detachment political instructor F. T. Babenko (8th outpost) and lieutenant F. I. Gusev (commander of the 9th outpost) were among the first to accomplish feats, subsequently awarded the orders of Lenin.

In August-September 1941, the crew of the Verny gunboat (Dneprovsky detachment of the Pinsk military flotilla) distinguished itself in battles during the defense of Kyiv. The crew of the gunboat destroyed the Pechkinsky bridge and disrupted the crossing of German troops to the Okuninovsky bridgehead. When performing the task, the commander of the ship, Senior Lieutenant A.F. Terekhin and the boatswain foreman of the 1st article, L.S. Shcherbina, were killed. Both heroes were posthumously awarded the Order of Lenin.

During the war years, the Order of Lenin was also awarded to military educational institutions for the training of command personnel. For example, the 1st Kiev Red Banner Artillery School named after S. M. Kirov in May 1945 was awarded the Order of Lenin. During the years of the Great Patriotic War, the school trained over 6,000 officers.

In total, during the Great Patriotic War, about 41 thousand people were awarded high awards (of which about 36 thousand were awarded for military merit), and 207 military units attached the Order of Lenin to their banners.

Starting from June 4, 1944 and until September 14, 1957, the Order of Lenin was awarded to officers for long service (25 years of impeccable service). Also, from the beginning of the 50s, civilians could also receive the Order of Lenin for long-term and fruitful work. This led to the fact that over the past 40 years of the existence of the USSR, the Order of Lenin was awarded more than 360 thousand times.

The Order of Lenin was awarded to almost all Soviet leaders of the highest rank. Many of the foreign leaders of the communist movement, such as Georgy Dimitrov (Bulgaria), Gustav Husak (Czechoslovakia), Janos Kadar (Hungary), Dolores Ibarruri (Spain), Ho Chi Minh (Vietnam), Walter Ulbricht (GDR), Fidel Castro (Cuba) ) and others received the Order of Lenin.

A number of Soviet military personnel of the highest rank were awarded the Order of Lenin several times. So, Marshals of the Soviet Union I. Kh. Bagramyan, L. I. Brezhnev, S. M. Budyonny, A. M. Vasilevsky, V. D. Sokolovsky, Army General P. I. Batov, academicians A. N. Tupolev, T. D. Lysenko, S. V. Ilyushin, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR N. A. Tikhonov.

Marshal of the Soviet Union V. I. Chuikov, polar explorer I. D. Papanin, colonel-general-engineers P. V. Dementiev (Minister of the Aviation Industry) and V. M. Ryabikov (1st Deputy Chairman of the State Planning Committee of the USSR) had nine Orders of Lenin .

Ten orders of Lenin adorned the chest of Academician A.P. Aleksandrov and aircraft designer A.S. Yakovlev.

Marshal of the Soviet Union D. F. Ustinov was awarded the Order of Lenin eleven times. The record holder for the number of orders of Lenin is the Minister of Foreign Trade of the USSR N. S. Patolichev, who had twelve orders of Lenin.

The Order of Lenin was awarded to all Soviet republics, some more than once. So, the Azerbaijan SSR (1935, 1964, 1980), the Armenian SSR (1958, 1968, 1978), the Kazakh SSR (1956, 1979, 1982), the Uzbek SSR (1939, 1956, 1980) had three Orders of Lenin.

Twenty autonomous republics, 8 autonomous regions, 6 territories, more than 100 regions and some cities have been awarded the Order of Lenin. Moscow (1947, 1965), Leningrad (1945, 1957), Kyiv (1954, 1961) and some other cities each have two Orders of Lenin. The Moscow Region has three Orders of Lenin (1934, 1956, 1966).

More than 380 industrial and construction enterprises and about 180 agricultural enterprises and organizations have received this award. Many enterprises were awarded the Order of Lenin more than once. For example, three orders of Lenin were awarded to the Moscow car factory them. Likhachev - "ZIL" (1942, 1949, 1971).

As noted above, the Order of Lenin was awarded to military units, formations and associations. The largest association of military units, marked by this order, was the district (for example, the Moscow Order of Lenin Military District).

By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of February 21, 1972, the State Historical Museum (Moscow) was awarded the Order of Lenin No. historical science and in connection with the 100th anniversary of the founding.

The Komsomol organization was awarded three Orders of Lenin.

The last athlete to be awarded the Order of Lenin was the Honored Master of Sports Vladimir Alexandrovich Karataev. He was awarded a high award for organizing and participating in the expedition to climb the summit of Lhotse on the South Face in Nepal.

One of the last Orders of Lenin in the history of the USSR was awarded by decree of the President of the USSR to Aron Pinevich Shapiro, General Director of the Buryatmebel Production Association (for improving furniture and woodworking production) and Umirzak Makhmutovich Sultangazin, President of the Academy of Sciences of Kazakhstan (for using achievements in space in the interests of the national economy and active participation in the preparation and implementation of the flight of the Soyuz TM-13 spacecraft with an international crew on board).

The last recipient of the Order of Lenin in the history of the USSR was the director of Maslyaninsky brick factory Novosibirsk region Yakov Yakovlevich Mul. He was awarded this award by Decree of the President of the USSR No. UP-3143 of December 21, 1991 "for his great personal contribution to the reconstruction and technical re-equipment of the enterprise and the achievement of high performance in labor."

The total number of awards with the Order of Lenin was 431,418.

Stalin Prizes

They were established on December 20, 1939 in connection with the 60th anniversary of I. V. Stalin. Committees were formed for prizes in the fields of science and invention and literature and the arts. The discussion of candidates by secret ballot was first held at the sections of the relevant committees, then at their plenums a list was formed by secret ballot, which was finally approved by the Politburo. From March 1941 to March 1952, 8,470 people in the field of science and 2,339 in the field of literature were awarded the title of laureates of the prize.

Using the example of one area of ​​culture, let's consider how this prize was awarded.

By the end of the summer of 1946, Stalin initiated changes in the leadership of the Writers' Union. A. Fadeev (who is also the chairman of the Committee on Stalin Prizes) became the general secretary of the board, his deputies: K. Simonov, V. Vishnevsky, N. Tikhonov, secretaries - L. Leonov and B. Gorbatov (secretary of the party group of the board, as a kind of party counterbalance omnipotence of a member of the Central Committee Fadeev), as well as one representative from all Union republics. On May 3, 1947, a meeting of the new secretariat with Stalin took place, where practical issues were resolved: about fees, states, etc.

Stalin: “We look positively at the revision. When we set these fees, we wanted to avoid such a phenomenon when writers write one good work each, set up dachas for themselves and stop working. We do not feel sorry for the money, but it is necessary that this should not be.

Considering the new volume of work, Stalin agreed, and with the increase in staff from 70 to 122 units, he promised assistance in improving the living situation of writers, for whom housing is, in essence, their workplace, then he inquired about the plans of writers, their business trips, developed topics, after which said:

“But there is a topic that is very important, which needs to get writers interested. This is the theme of our Soviet patriotism. If we take our average intelligentsia, scientific intelligentsia, professors, doctors, they have not sufficiently cultivated a sense of Soviet patriotism. They have an unjustified admiration for foreign culture, everyone feels they are still minors, not one hundred percent, they are used to considering themselves in the position of eternal students.

This tradition has remained ... A simple peasant will not bow over trifles, will not break his hat, but such people lack dignity, patriotism, and understanding of the role played by Russia. The military also had such admiration. Now it is less. Why are we worse? What's the matter? It is necessary to hammer into this point for many years, for ten years it is necessary to hammer. We must fight the spirit of self-abasement among many of our intellectuals, we must destroy this spirit. On this topic, you need to write works, a novel. Literaturnaya Gazeta, like the newspaper of the Writers' Union, must be made not only a literary, but a political, large, mass newspaper, the circulation should be increased tenfold from 50,000, and published not once, but twice a week. The newspaper, as an unofficial publication, should put some questions more sharply, to the left of us, even diverge from the official point of view, create its own telegraph agency (later APN. - Auth.)».

When discussing the works nominated for prizes, Stalin said that their number was a formal matter, and if more worthy works appeared, then the number of prizes could be increased. At the same time, he initiated the introduction of even previously non-existing premiums of the III degree, which immediately more than doubled the circle of prizes. At the same time, it should be taken into account that there was not a single work submitted for discussion that Stalin would not have read, was not familiar, including even criticism. He really loved literature very much, considered it the most important among other arts, the most decisive and decisive. He loved to read and liked to talk about what he had read with complete knowledge of the subject, he remembered books in detail. And although to a large extent he considered the awarding of prizes as a political act, he loved some works, and paid tribute to him as a reader.

The sharp, nervous manner of writing, full of hyperbolic details, characteristic of, say, Vanda Vasilevskaya, was to his liking. He loved this writer and was upset when someone did not like her. And at the same time, he liked things of a completely different kind: “In the trenches of Stalingrad” by V. Nekrasov, books by E. Kazakevich.

The awarding of prizes usually took place in March, and this is how it was, say, on March 31, 1948.

The committee (speaker D. Shepilov) proposed to give the novel “The Tempest” by I. Ehrenburg not I, but II degree, allegedly because the French in the novel are depicted better than Russians.

Stalin: Is that so? Is this true? No, it's not true. It's just that Ehrenburg knows France better, maybe. He has, of course, shortcomings, he writes unevenly, sometimes in a hurry, but The Tempest is a big thing. And the Russians are strongly brought out in the novel, the love of the French partisans, the communists for the Soviet Union is shown, the role of its victories, the Soviet people in the ranks of the French Resistance is shown. From the point of view of spiritual twists, psychological nuances, perhaps these people are shown weaker than the French, but from the point of view of the strength of the system that stands behind the Russians, the strength of their morality, their will, the strength of conviction, the strength of truth, the strength of Soviet education - they are stronger than the French " .

The committee (speaker A. Fadeev) generally proposed to reject Vera Panova's novel "Kruzhilikha" because of excessive objectivism, in the depiction of characters, the discord between being and consciousness is obvious.

Stalin: “Everyone criticizes Panova that people in the novel do not have unity between the personal and the public, they criticize for this conflict. But is it really so easy to solve in life, so simply combined? Sometimes it doesn't match. And her people are shown truthfully.

F. Panferov reported on the books of Babaevsky and Syomushkin: "They could be included in the list, making an exception as an encouragement to young people."

And here is a discussion on March 6, 1950 about the novel by Konstantin Sedykh "Dauria". A. Fadeev recommended him for the II degree award: "The role of the partisans is incorrectly shown there, some events are incorrectly reflected."

Stalin: “This is not journalism, this is a work of art, the role of the party is excellently shown there, the central figure of Ulybin is perfectly shown. Little shown Lazo? But he arrived later. And where it is shown - it is shown well. Sedykh criticizes the Cossacks in the novel, shows its stratification. But the soul of the movement - the commissar - he has just from the Cossacks. I would not advise Sedykh to insert journalism - this will only spoil the novel, because it is a work of art, a wonderful book that is read with exciting interest, in which one of the brilliant pages of our revolution in the Far East is expressively shown.

Separately, it must be said about Stalin's attitude to works on historical themes, his assessment of which has always had tremendous political significance. It was he who supported the film "Chapaev", and then put forward the idea of ​​a film about the Ukrainian Chapaev - Shchors. It was he who initiated the creation of a good film "Volochaev Days". In the first list of the Stalin Prizes, published already during the war, at the very height of it, in 1942, two historical novels appeared side by side that were published before the war: Genghis Khan by Yan and Dmitry Donskoy by Borodin, the story in which was about events distant 6 -7 centuries, but for Stalin's reasons it had a purely modern meaning. The novel "Genghis Khan" warned of what was happening to peoples who were unable to resist the invasion, and the novel "Dmitry Donskoy" told how to defeat those who considered themselves invincible before.

Also, before the war, the novel by A. Stepanov "Port Arthur" was published. But he was awarded only in 1946 - immediately after Japan was defeated and the task set by Stalin to pay off for 1905, and, in particular, to return Port Arthur, was completed. Stalin considered it impossible to give a bonus even before the surrender of Paulus in Stalingrad, and also to remind about the fall of Port Arthur during the war years.

And in 1946 it was extremely timely, reminding that the tsar, royal Russia lost 40 years ago what Stalin and the Soviet Union headed by him regained now, reminding that even then there were officers and soldiers who fought as courageously as the Soviets in this war, but who were under a different command, under a different leadership, incapable achieve victory.

Approximately for the same reasons, in 1948 the prize was awarded to V. Kostylev for a novel about Ivan the Terrible, the modern sound of which, the roll call of times, was associated with the collection of lands around Moscow.

Once a question arose about rewarding circus performers: someone referred to the fact that people love this spectacle.

Stalin: “So what, the people are watching and the farce. What, and the booth, too, include in art? No, I don't mind the circus, that should be considered. In this case, I object only to your argument about the people.

As a confirmation of this approach of Stalin, the award in 1948 of the Stalin Prize to the young and incredibly talented balalaika player Pavel Nechiporenko - "Oistrakh on the balalaika" can serve. Chairman of the Committee for Arts N. Bespalov took the floor and said that the balalaika is not an instrument and it is not necessary to award a prize to a balalaika player.

Stalin, agreeing with the arguments of the musician Tikhon Khrennikov, who represented the musician, that the balalaika is an instrument that is studied at the conservatory, that such virtuosos as Andreev and Troyanovsky came to Leo Tolstoy and the elder wept from their performance, said briefly: “So, we must give” .

The most controversial figure of all the first Stalinist laureates is, without a doubt, Mikhail Sholokhov, later the third Russian Nobel laureate. The range of opinions about Sholokhov is surprising even for the quarrelsome 20th century - from his recognition as a great writer, one of the world classics of modern times, to Solzhenitsyn's contemptuous response: “Well, those who know Sholokhov know that, in fact, his entire level of development ... even - it’s not about the level, educated or uneducated, but literate or illiterate? .. ”And this is about a person who, back in 1939, became a full member of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

Stalin gave Sholokhov an award for the world-famous epic novel Quiet Flows the Don, which describes tragic fate Don Cossack Grigory Melekhov during the First World War and the Civil War against the background of tectonic social and psychological upheavals of that time.

This novel was highly appreciated even by Solzhenitsyn; what is the reason for his (and not only him alone) attitude towards Sholokhov so sharply negative?

The fact is that immediately after the publication by the 23-year-old Sholokhov of The Quiet Flows the Don in 1928, rumors spread that this novel was not written by him at all, that Sholokhov used the manuscript (or diary) of another author, Fyodor Kryukov, who died in 1920; there were other names as well. Over time, the search for the "original author" has become a small industry, with serious research and numerous pro et contra articles that can be compared (with understandable adjustment) to the debate about the authorship of Shakespeare's plays.

It seems that this problem is unlikely to be resolved completely and irrevocably in the foreseeable future. Therefore, in this case, following Mikhail Bakhtin and Roland Barthes, we can interpret the problem of the "author" as rather conditional. In addition, Sholokhov himself, a figure - contrary to the opinion of his political and aesthetic opponents - a large and ambiguous figure, closely associated himself with many of the most important cultural and political moments in Russian history of the 20th century, and with the dramatic fate of the Quiet Don.

Now the legend has become stronger that "Quiet Don" Soviet authority uplifted from the very beginning. Nothing like this. Sholokhov was by no means of proletarian origin, he grew up in a very prosperous family, and "proletarian" criticism immediately assessed "Quiet Flows the Don" as "an idealization of the kulaks and the White Guard." When it came to publishing the third, penultimate volume of this novel, Sholokhov had serious problems: influential military commanders, including the then all-powerful Alexander Fadeev, considered that the appearance of this book "would bring a lot of pleasure to those of our enemies, the White Guard, who emigrated." She was detained for over two years.

Sholokhov turned to his patron Gorky for support, and in July 1931 he organized a meeting at his apartment young writer with the main censor of the country - Joseph Stalin. He had already read the first two volumes of The Quiet Flows the Don, before the meeting he read the third volume in the manuscript, and at Gorky’s apartment (who, according to Sholokhov’s recollections, was more and more silent, smoked, and burned matches over an ashtray) made a whole interrogation to Sholokhov: why in "Quiet Don" are whites depicted "softly"? what documents is the novel based on? (Knowing about accusations of plagiarism, Stalin apparently tested Sholokhov's historical erudition.)

Justifying himself, Sholokhov said that the White General Lavr Kornilov, who fought against the Bolsheviks on the Don, was "a subjectively honest person." Stalin, as the writer later recalled, “yellow eyes narrowed like a tiger’s before a jump,” but he continued the argument rather restrainedly, in his favorite “drilling” catechismal manner: “A subjectively honest person is one who is with the people, who fights for a cause people, - and Kornilov went against the people, shed "seas of blood", what kind of an honest person is he?

Sholokhov was forced to agree. Stalin was apparently satisfied with the conversation with the 26-year-old, short and boyishly thin, with a characteristic curly forelock over a convex forehead, his decision was: “The depiction of the course of events in the third book of The Quiet Flows the Don works for us, for the revolution. Let's print!"

However, Sholokhov's enemies (and there were many of them) did not lay down their arms. A decisive battle was given to The Quiet Don when the novel began to be discussed at meetings of the Committee on the Stalin Prizes. A strong impression on the members of the Committee was to be made by the emotional speech of the great film director Alexander Dovzhenko, the creator of one of the masterpieces of the Soviet silent film "Earth" (1930) and Stalin's favorite (for his film about the civil war in Ukraine "Shchors" Dovzhenko received the Stalin Prize): " I read the book “The Quiet Don” with a feeling of deep inner dissatisfaction… The impressions are summed up as follows: the quiet Don lived for centuries, Cossacks and Cossacks lived, rode, drank, sang… there was some kind of juicy, fragrant, settled, warm life. The revolution came, the Soviet government, the Bolsheviks - ravaged the Quiet Don, dispersed, set brother against brother, son against father, husband against wife, brought the country to impoverishment ... infected gonorrhea, syphilis, sowed dirt, anger, drove strong, temperamental people into bandits … and that was the end of it. This is a huge mistake in the author's intention.

Other members of the Committee also spoke out against The Quiet Flows the Don, but the most significant, perhaps, was the conclusion about the novel by Fadeev, who headed the Union of Writers of the USSR at that moment (also known as Stalin’s confidant): “My personal opinion is that victory is not shown there Stalinist cause. Fadeev later confessed to Sholokhov that he had voted against him. But Sholokhov, as we know, nevertheless received the award and ended up on the front page of Pravda. Why?

I seem to follow the clue

Orders of the "Red Banners" are the first awards of the Soviet state. They were established to reward for the manifestation of special bravery, dedication and courage in the defense of the Fatherland. In addition, ships, public and state organizations were also awarded the Order of the Red Banner. Until 1930, the order was the highest degree of encouragement in the Soviet Union.

In 1918, a few days before the celebration of the first anniversary of the October socialist revolution, in the country of the Soviets, the first badge was approved - the Order of the Red Banner. There was this award in two versions: Combat and Labor. In September 1918, the statute of this sign was first approved, and then, a month later, he himself appeared.

A bit of history

It is a well-known fact that the Bolsheviks, having come to power in 1917, abolished all the awards and distinctions that existed in the pre-revolutionary period of the history of our country. Initially, all rewards that marked any merits to the Motherland were replaced by nominal gifts: cigarette cases, watches, weapons. However, the longer the civil war in Russia lasted, the more clearly the need for the appearance of award signs that would clearly demonstrate the merits of this or that person before the new country and the new government manifested itself. Thus, they would stimulate to even more selfless activity those who have already received such encouragement, and those who only aspired to this.

As a result, in 1918 on the initiative of Sverdlov Ya. This group is headed by Avel Safronovich Enukidze, and the work on the sketch of the order is entrusted to the artist V. I. Denisov and his son V. V. Denisov. So, literally after a few days of hard work, father and son offer sketches of the first Soviet badge for consideration by the commission. From several options, they chose the one that included all the elements symbolizing the young Soviet power. This is a red star, a developing red banner, a hammer and sickle, a plow and a bayonet, which are symbols of the unification of peasants, workers and soldiers. The final design sketch was approved in October 1918 by the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee. Thus, the young state marked the first anniversary of the Great October Revolution by issuing the Orders of the Labor and Battle Red Banner.

Award Statute

The statute for the Orders of the Battle and Labor Red Banner was very short. It contained some specifics about what actions a person can be awarded with this award. This is explained by the fact that the "Red Banners" were the only badges of their kind and in the system of the young state in principle. In particular, this was mentioned in a special explanation. The Red Banner was the only encouragement that could be awarded to the soldiers of the Red Army for their military merits. They were noted for courage, special courage and selflessness, both individuals and military units (companies, regiments, units, etc.), and public organizations. Cavaliers awarded the Order of the Red Banner were called "Red Banner", and the teams were called "Red Banner". In the future, the statute of this badge was edited and supplemented several times.

All the first "Red Banners" were supplemented with special certificates, which stated who, when and for what merits this award was presented. Such a letter was a very important and necessary attribute, certifying the right of the encouraged person to wear such a badge. According to the original statute, only commissars and commanders of the Red Army, volunteer detachments and fleet had the right to be presented to the order. However, over time, the list of promising gentlemen was expanded.

Description of the award

"Red Banners" were made of silver in the form of a laurel wreath (gilded), serving as its basis. At the bottom of it was a ribbon on which was written in gold letters "USSR". The top of the order was covered by an unfolded red banner, on which was written "Proletarians of all countries, unite!" A little below the center, the pole of the flag crosses with the torch. Their lower ends protrude slightly beyond the wreath. The flame of the torch on the order should symbolize immortal feat heroes of the revolution. In the center of the badge on a white background are a crossed hammer, plow and bayonet, which are covered by a five-pointed inverted red star. In its center is a golden laurel wreath, inside of which a gilded hammer and sickle are placed on a white field.

On repeated orders of the Red Banner, a small white enamel shield was placed directly under the ribbon, the numbers 2, 3, 4, and so on were placed on it. They indicate the number of awards with this sign. The banner, the ribbon and the ends of the five-pointed star are covered with ruby-red enamel, and the images of the hammer and plow are oxidized, the rest of the images and inscriptions are gilded.

Options

The Order of the Red Banner of Labor, like its combat version, was made of silver. Its content in this award is 22.719 grams ±1.389. The total weight of the badge is 25.134 grams ±1.8. The order is 41 mm high and 36.3 mm wide. With the help of a ring and an eyelet, the award is connected to a rectangular block, which is covered with a moire silk ribbon, 24 mm wide. In its center there is a white longitudinal strip, the width of which is eight millimeters, closer to the edges are two more white stripes seven millimeters wide each and two white stripes one millimeter wide. Cavaliers of this order wear it on the left side of the chest.

First Cavalier

The first owner of this honorary award was Vasily Konstantinovich Blucher, in 1918 he was chairman of the Chelyabinsk Revolutionary Committee. He received the Red Banner for having managed to unite several armed detachments under his command, with which he made his legendary campaign to the Urals. This military operation was accompanied by fierce and heavy battles with detachments of the White Guards. The 10,000-strong army led by Blucher passed through the rear of the enemy and covered 1,500 kilometers in forty days, after which the partisans joined up with regular Soviet units. For the accomplishment of this feat on September 30, 1918, the All-Russian Central Executive Committee presents Blucher to the government award - the Order of the Red Banner for the first number. Subsequently, during the entire period of the civil war, he was presented three more times for this honorary award. And Vasily Blucher receives his fifth Order of the Red Banner for his work in China, where he was a military adviser to the revolutionary government. However, it is worth noting that all these merits did not save the Soviet marshal from repression and death.

The Great Patriotic War

During the Second World War, "Red" (as the soldiers of the Red Army called the order) was awarded 305,035 times. Many soldiers deserved several of these awards at once. the number without any words speaks of the high degree of heroism and self-sacrifice shown by Russian soldiers.Usually, the "Red Banner of Victory" was received by the commanders of various formations, as well as pilots for successfully carried out assault / bombing, downed enemy vehicles.Junior commanders of the Red Army, and even more so privates and sergeants were awarded this honor extremely rarely.

Exceptions to the rules

However, unique cases have also been recorded. For example, the young partisan Volodya Dubinin was awarded this badge at the age of 13, though posthumously; and 14-year-old Igor Pakhomov had two orders at once. Another Kyiv student at the age of 12 received this award for having preserved two regimental banners during the occupation.

Full list of awardees

In total, from 1918 to 1991, this award was issued more than 580 thousand times, including the Order of the Red Banner of Labor. Moreover, some persons became five-time, six-time, and some even seven-time cavaliers. The first who was able to receive in 1967 an order with the number seven on the front side was Major General of Aviation M. I. Burtsev. Later, the famous ace pilot, Air Marshal I.N. Kozhedub became another seven-time owner of this badge. Today, this government award has been abolished, but the most famous units and formations of the armed forces continue to be called the Red Banner ones.

ORDER OF LABOR RED BANNER

In December 1920, the VIII All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers', Peasants', Red Guards and Cossacks deputies opened at the Bolshoi Theater in Moscow. The work of the congress took place when the Civil War had already ended in almost the entire territory of the European part of Russia and the main fronts were liquidated. The military question was not acute, since it did not determine the life of the state, which was moving from fighting and destruction to peaceful creative construction. However, famine and epidemics raged in the country, there was not enough fuel, industry and transport were in a state of extreme decline. And under these conditions, Lenin announced that the economic front was becoming "the most important and most fundamental." Speaking at the congress, the leader of the revolution, in particular, said:

“It is not enough to say to the peasants and workers: strain labor discipline. It is necessary, moreover, to help them; those who, after immeasurable disasters, continue to show heroism on the labor front must be rewarded. Any success in raising the economy should ... be more regularly rewarded both with the Order of the Banner of Labor and with cash prizes.

“In order to distinguish before the entire Republic of Soviets those groups of workers and individual citizens who have shown special dedication, initiative, diligence and organization in solving economic problems,” the congress established the Order of the Red Banner of Labor on December 22, 1920. Three months later, the All-Russian Central Executive Committee adopted a Decree on the procedure for awarding the order, and in April 1921, a competition was announced in the country for best sketch order badge. Having considered the submitted projects, the competition commission chose a drawing under the motto "Coat of Arms", the author of which was a young Red Army soldier S.I. Kuklinsky.

The badge of the order was made in the form of an irregular circle, bordered by a gilded laurel-oak wreath, the lower branches of which were taken away by a gilded bow. The central part of the badge was covered with white enamel, on which the inscription was made in gilded letters: "TO THE HERO OF LABOR". On the left was a shield covered with ruby-red enamel depicting a crossed hammer and sickle. The shield was covered by a staff of red enamel banner, and on it was an inscription in two lines: "RSFSR - Proletarians of all countries, unite!".

The first presentation of this insignia took place on April 25, 1921. Collectives of several factories at once became order-bearers, and among them were workers of the famous Putilov (now Kirov) factory - for outstanding revolutionary services and in commemoration of the 125th anniversary of the enterprise. For labor heroism, shown back in the years of the Civil War, the famous Tula Arms and Cartridge Plant was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor. In the difficult conditions of the autumn of 1919, when Denikin's army occupied Voronezh and Orel and threatened Tula, the plant continued to produce the guns and cartridges necessary for the Red soldiers, although a significant part of its workers fought at the front. The decision of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee stated:

"Rewarding perseverance, energy and zealous fulfillment of duty in the person of the Tula Arms Plant, the workers' and peasants' government sets this activity as an example to other workers in the vast field of the national economy of the Republic."

Among the first, in addition to the Tula Arms Plant, the Order of the Red Banner of Labor was awarded to the Okhta and Shosten capsule factories - for fulfilling an order for the production of rifles and cartridges and providing the front with weapons and ammunition in the conditions of the Civil War.

A year later, the Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor - for the “great energy and solid work shown by the working people of the republic in digging an irrigation canal about 50 miles long by the forces of the local population in the order of crowded subbotniks.”

On July 28, 1921, N.Z. became the first personal holder of the Order of the Red Banner of Labor. Menchukov is a peasant in the village of Chigirinki, Gomel region. On the night of March 19-20, an ice jam formed near the bridge under construction, which could not be blown up even with dynamite. N.Z. Menchukov voluntarily went down to the ice and, at the risk of his life, broke the jam by hand.

Among the first knights-order-bearers was the locomotive driver F.P. Kazantsev, awarded for the invention of railway automatic air brakes of the new system. Among the first recipients was the 14-year-old boy Misha Alymov, presented for this high award in January 1922 by the Kursk provincial executive committee "for exemplary housekeeping and early delivery of food tax."

Following the Russian Federation, the Order of the Red Banner of Labor is being established in other Soviet republics, for example, in the Azerbaijan SSR and the Khorezm People's Soviet Republic. In January 1922, the Order of the Red Banner of Labor of the Khorezm People's Soviet Republic was awarded V.I. Lenin. Together with him, M.I. Kalinin - chairman of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and G.V. Chicherin - People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs of the RSFSR.

After the formation of the USSR, these orders continued to exist. "They were awarded until 1933.", but in September 1928, by a decree of the Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR, the Order of the Red Banner of Labor of the USSR was established - "to commemorate exceptional services to the Union in the field of production, scientific activity, state or public service." The sculptor V.V. Golenetsky.

The new order sign was a circle in the form of a cogwheel, on the rim of which there was a gilded wreath of ears of rye. The central part of the badge rested on a red enamel triangle without a base. In the center of the sign there was an image of a hydroelectric power station on a water-retaining wall, in front of the abutments of which a flowing river was depicted in blue enamel. A gilded hammer and sickle were crossed in the middle, and a red enamel banner with the inscription made in gilded letters: “Proletarians of all countries, unite!” flew up over the hydroelectric power station.

The gear wheel in its lower part rested on a curved bar with a small gear in the center, on both sides of which there was an inscription in gilded raised letters: USSR. "Small changes were made to the badge in June 1936."

In the USSR, the first recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labor were V. Fedotov, A. Shelagin and M. Kvyatkovsky, mechanics of the Air Force, awarded this distinction for their active participation in the rescue expedition to search for the airship "Italia", which crashed near the island of Svalbard.

Subbotniks entered the history of the hard but victorious struggle of the working class for their liberation as a monument to the great proletarian upsurge and as a symbol of future work the proletariat in building a free labor state. Considering that in this matter a great merit to the Revolution belongs to the workers of the depot of the Sorting station of the Moscow-Kazan railway, who for the first time organized subbotniks in 1919 to repair steam locomotives for military trains and grain transports and thereby laid the foundation for the labor unity of the working class to defend the revolution , - The Moscow Council of the RK and KD petitions the Presidium of the CEC to award the depot of the Sortirovochnaya station ... with the Order of the Red Banner of Labor. “A week later, the depot of the Sortirovochnaya station of the Moscow-Kazan railway - the initiator of the communist subbotniks - became decorated.”

By a special decree of March 11, 1929, N.K. was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor of the USSR. Krupskaya is a Soviet statesman and party leader, the closest assistant and wife of V.I. Lenin.

In 1932, the crew of the Soviet icebreaker Alexander Serebryakov received this award. Now, along the Northern Sea Route, the shortest waterway from Europe to Asia, caravans of ships traverse freely. And until 1932, not a single ship without wintering could pass along this path in one short polar summer, although such attempts were made more than once. The first in one navigation - 65 days - from the White Sea to the Barents Strait was the icebreaker "Alexander Sibiryakov". True, he, already wounded in the ice and, moreover, with a stopped car, passed the last kilometers under home-made canvas sails. But still passed! After this historic voyage, regular exploration of the impregnable Arctic began.

Ten years later, in August 1942, "Alexander Sibiryakov", which changed its name to "Ice-6", turned from a peaceful ship into a warship and entered the icebreaking detachment of the Baltic Flotilla. At the end of August, in the Kara Sea, near Belukha Island, the ship met the German cruiser Admiral Scheer and died in an unequal battle.

During the Great Patriotic War, the Order of the Red Banner of Labor was awarded not only to adults, but also to children. So, for example, in October 1943, it was awarded to the Moscow vocational school No. 28 and the Magnitogorsk vocational school No. 13 - for the successful completion of the Soviet government's assignment to train skilled workers (power engineers and metallurgists) and the excellent performance of special tasks for the defense of the front.

author Nepomniachtchi Nikolai Nikolaevich

From the book of Stratagems. About the Chinese art of living and surviving. TT. 12 author von Senger Harro

1.8. Waving the red banner, oppose the red banner Particularly in concealment true purpose with the help of a distracting disguise, Lin Biao was accused in the following wording: “Not for a moment letting go of Mao’s quotation book,

From the book Iron Shurik author Mlechin Leonid Mikhailovich

THE ORDER OF THE RED BANNER Accelerated sovietization and collectivization pushed people away from the new government. Soviet power was in the villages during the day, and Bandera at night. There was an underground structure - district, supra-district, district, regional and regional wires (translated from

From the book History of the Order of Malta the author Zakharov V A

Appendix 2 V.A. Zakharov THE ORDER OF MALTESE AS A SPIRITUAL ORDER OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH Who is accepted as a knight of the Order of Malta? How does this happen? Consideration of all these issues refers to a number of documents (legal documents of the Order of Malta). Legal

From book Full history knightly orders in one book author Monusova Ekaterina

author Ionina Nadezhda

Danish awards: the Order of the Elephant and the Order of the Danebrog The orders of this country are not numerous, however, they differ from the awards of other states in the peculiar form of their order signs and legends about their origin. Denmark's highest national award is the Order

From the book 100 great awards author Ionina Nadezhda

Order of the Red Banner of Labor In December 1920, the VIII All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers', Peasants', Red Guards and Cossacks deputies opened at the Bolshoi Theater in Moscow. The work of the congress took place when the Civil War had already ended in almost the entire

From the book History of the Military Monastic Orders of Europe author

10. THE ORDER OF THE TEMPLE OF BARON VON HUND AND THE "KNIGHT OF THE RED PEAT" The revival of Templar ideas in Germany and Austria was associated primarily with the name of the imperial baron Karl Gottgelf von Gund und Altengrotkau. Baron von Gund (in Russian-language historical literature

From the book Monastic Orders author Andreev Alexander Radievich

German Order of the Teutonic Knights. Sword-bearers. The Livonian Order In 1128 in Jerusalem, several wealthy Germans founded a hospice and pilgrimage home to help sick and poor pilgrims of German origin. A chapel was built next to the house

From the book History secret societies, unions and orders the author Schuster Georg

THE ORDER OF THE BLACK BROTHERS, THE ORDER OF HARMONISTS, OR LITERARY HARMONY After the suppression of the Amicist movement in Jena in 1781, the remnants of this corporation came into the world there in the form of an organization that for some time was formed within the order. Its members wanted to lead

From the book The Complete History of Knightly Orders author Monusova Ekaterina

The Mystery of Rennes-le-Chateau (The Knights Templar and the Order of Christ)

author Ionina Nadezhda

DANISH AWARDS: THE ORDER OF THE ELEPHANT AND THE ORDER OF DANEBROG The orders of this country are not numerous, however, they differ from the awards of other states in the peculiar form of their order signs and legends about their origin. Denmark's highest national award is the Order

From the book 100 great awards author Ionina Nadezhda

THE ORDER OF THE RED BANNER OF LABOR In December 1920, the VIII All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers', Peasants', Red Guards and Cossack Deputies opened at the Bolshoi Theater in Moscow. The work of the congress took place when the Civil War had already ended in almost the entire

From the book of God nobles author Akunov Wolfgang Viktorovich

"Order of the Temple" by Baron von Gund and the "Knight of the Red Pen" The revival of Templar ideas in Germany and Austria was associated primarily with the name of the imperial baron Karl Gottgelf von Gund und Altengrotkau. Baron von Gund (in the Russian-language historical

From the book Monks of War [History of military monastic orders from the beginning to the 18th century] by Seward Desmond

II Latin Syria 1099–1291 Crusades and International Orders: The Templars. - Hospitallers. - Order of Saint Lazarus. - Order of Montegaudio. - The Order of St. Thomas ... Such are those whom God chooses for himself and gathers from the far ends of the earth; servants of God among the bravest in Israel,

From the book Sevastopol 1941-1942. Chronicle of heroic defense. Book 1 (10/30/1941-01/02/1942) author Vaneev Gennady Ivanovich

DECREE OF THE PRESIDIUM OF THE SUPREME COUNCIL OF THE USSR ON AWARDING THE CITY OF SEVASTOPOL WITH THE ORDER OF THE RED BANNER In connection with the 100th anniversary of the heroic defense of Sevastopol in 1854-1855. and noting the great merits of Sevastopol to our Motherland, to award the city of Sevastopol with the Order of the Red

Established by the Decree of the Central Executive Committee and Council of People's Commissars of the USSR of September 7, 1928. Approved by the Decree of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR, adopted at the 4th session of the 4th convocation on December 15, 1928. The statute of the order was amended by the Decree of the Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR of May 7, 1936 and the Decrees of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of June 19, 1943 and December 16, 1947. By the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of March 28, 1980, the Status of the Order was approved in a new edition.

Order status

This order was established to reward great labor services to the Soviet state and society in the field of production, science, culture, literature, art, public education, health care, in state, public and other areas of labor activity.

The Order of the Red Banner of Labor is awarded to:

• citizens of the USSR;
• enterprises, associations, institutions, organizations, union and autonomous republics, territories, regions, autonomous regions, autonomous districts, districts, cities and other settlements.

The Order of the Red Banner of Labor can also be awarded to persons who are not citizens of the USSR, as well as enterprises, institutions, organizations and settlements of foreign states.

The Order of the Red Banner of Labor is awarded:

• for great achievements in the development of industry, agriculture, transport, construction and other sectors of the national economy, in increasing the efficiency of social production, for the highest rates of growth in labor productivity, improving product quality, developing and introducing into production more advanced technological processes;
• for stable high results in the fulfillment and overfulfillment of planned targets and accepted socialist obligations;
• for major successes in increasing the productivity of agricultural crops and the productivity of public animal husbandry, increasing the production and sale of agricultural products to the state;
• for great services in the development of science and technology, the introduction of their latest achievements in the national economy, for inventions and rationalization proposals of great technical and economic importance;
• for great merits in strengthening the country's defense capability;
• for especially fruitful activity in the field of Soviet culture, literature and art;
• for great services in the education and communist education of the younger generation, the training of highly qualified personnel in the field of health care, the development of trade, public catering, housing and communal services, consumer services for the population, for special achievements in the development of physical culture and sports;
• for important services in the field of state and social activities, in strengthening socialist law and order;
• for great services in the development of economic, scientific, technical and cultural cooperation between the USSR and other states.

Order of the Red Banner of Labor worn on the left side of the chest and, in the presence of other orders, is located after the Order of the Red Banner.

Description of the Order

The Order of the Red Banner of Labor is a sign depicting an unfolded Red Banner, covered with ruby-red enamel with the inscription "USSR", below which, along the circumference, is placed an image of a cogwheel with the inscription along the rim "Proletarians of all countries, unite!". The rim of the gear wheel and the inscription on it are oxidized. The inscription on the banner, the staff and the rims of the banner are gilded. In the inner part of the cogwheel there is a gilded wreath of oak leaves intertwined at the bottom with two narrow ribbons. In the center of the wreath are depicted a hydroelectric dam, a railway track laid over a bridge combined with a dam, and a river. Against their background are overhead gilded hammer and sickle. All images inside the wreath are oxidized, except for the image of the river, which is made in blue enamel. The background between the gear wheel rim and the wreath is covered with white enamel. At the bottom of the order is a wreath of two rows of ears of wheat. The wreath and the lower part of the cogwheel are intertwined with a gilded ribbon, on which there is a five-pointed star, covered with ruby-red enamel with a gilded outline.

The Order of the Red Banner of Labor is made of silver. Silver content in the order - 33.218 ± 0.385 g (as of September 18, 1975). The total weight of the order is 36.5±1.75 g.

The order is 44 mm high and 37 mm wide.

With the help of an eyelet and a ring, the order is connected to a pentagonal block covered with a dark blue silk moiré ribbon with two longitudinal blue stripes along the edges. The width of the tape is 24 mm, the width of the strips is 3.5 mm.

History of the order

The Order of the Red Banner of Labor is the second Soviet order in time of establishment (after the Order of the Red Banner).

Prior to the establishment of the Order of the Red Banner of Labor of the USSR, the VIII All-Russian Congress of Soviets on December 28, 1920 established the Order of the Red Banner of Labor of the RSFSR, and somewhat later similar orders were established in other Soviet republics.

The first teams awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor of the RSFSR were the Tula Arms and Cartridge Plants, the Okhtensky and Shostka Capsule Plants, awarded on April 25, 1921 for the implementation of the program for the production of rifles and cartridges during the period of the threat of the capture of Tula by Denikin's White Guard troops.

The Nizhny Novgorod radio laboratory was twice awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor of the RSFSR. The first award took place on September 19, 1922, and the second - in 1928. In addition to the Nizhny Novgorod radio laboratory, no other team or person in the entire history of the existence of this distinction has been awarded two Orders of the Red Banner of Labor of the RSFSR.

Industrial enterprises were awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor in other republics as well. So in 1923, the Kyiv plant "Arsenal" was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor of the Ukrainian SSR.

It is interesting to note that military units also received this purely peaceful order. So, for example, for the heroism shown in the fight against flooding, the Order of the Red Banner of Labor of the RSFSR was awarded to the 2nd Amur Rifle Division, the 220th Slavic Regiment of the 74th Rifle Division and the 19th Aviation Squadron "Far Eastern Ultimatum".

The first private person to receive the Order of the Red Banner of Labor of the RSFSR was a peasant from the Bykhov district of the Gomel province Menchukov Nikita, who was awarded this award by the Decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of the RSFSR of July 28, 1921 for selfless protection from the ice drift of the Chigirinsky bridge.

With the establishment in 1928 of the Order of the Red Banner of Labor of the USSR, the awarding of the Order of the Red Banner of Labor of the RSFSR and similar orders of other union republics was discontinued, but the persons previously awarded these orders retained the rights and benefits provided for by the statutes of these orders.

The first to be awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor of the USSR were mechanics of the Air Force V. Fedotov, A. Shelagin and M. Kvyatkovsky for their active participation in the rescue expedition to search for the airship “Italia”, which crashed near the North Pole.

The Order of the Red Banner of Labor of the USSR No. 1 was awarded to the staff of the Leningrad plant "Krasny Putilovets" (later the Kirov Plant) in connection with the 125th anniversary of its founding.

Before the start of the Great Patriotic War, more than 8,000 awards of the Order of the Red Banner of Labor of the USSR were made in the USSR. During the Great Patriotic War, about 21,500 home front workers were awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor of the USSR

Since the awards could be repeated for new labor achievements, there are holders of several orders of the Red Banner of Labor. The maximum number of awards known to us with this order is six. Smelyakov Nikolai Nikolaevich was awarded six Orders of the Red Banner of Labor. During the Great Patriotic War, he worked as deputy chief metallurgist, shop manager and chief metallurgist of the Krasnoye Sormovo plant in the city of Gorky. After the war, Nikolai Nikolayevich worked in many responsible positions: director of the Krasnoye Sormovo plant, chairman of the Gorky Economic Council, USSR Minister of Mechanical Engineering and for more than a quarter of a century - Deputy Minister of Foreign Trade of the USSR.

Five orders were awarded to the People's Artist of the USSR, Uzbek dancer Tamara Khanum, historian academician Ilyichev L.F., physicists Leontovich M.A. and Shalnikov A.I. Among the holders of four orders - worldwide famous ballerina Galina Ulanova, actress Natalya Uzhviy, composers Revutsky and Balanchivadze and others.

Colonel-General Shumilin Boris Tikhonovich became a four-time holder of the Order of the Red Banner of Labor. During the war he was a member partisan detachment. After the war, he graduated from the Higher Party School, worked in various leadership positions in the party bodies of Belarus. For some time Shumilin headed the Ministry of Public Order of Belarus, and since 1967 he was the Deputy Minister of Internal Affairs of the USSR.

Four orders of the Red Banner of Labor were awarded to the Hero of Socialist Labor, National artist USSR, Professor of the Tallinn Conservatory Eugen Arturovich Kapp.

The Order of the Red Banner of Labor was also awarded to foreign citizens. So, for example, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of February 9, 1945, this award was awarded to the second secretary of the British Embassy in the USSR Beers Arthur Herbert for " successful work during negotiations between the leaders of the Soviet Union and Great Britain during the Tehran Conference and at their subsequent meetings.

The Order of the Red Banner of Labor is the most common award for enterprises, organizations and institutions. After the Great Patriotic War, the awarding of enterprises became widespread. For example, we can cite the Moscow 2nd Watch Factory (1966); Moscow Mining Institute (1969); Moscow Operetta Theater (1977); Moscow Road Institute (1980); Leningrad association "Svetlana" (1942 and 1966); film studio "Lenfilm" (1976); Kyiv Medical Institute (1944); Kyiv Institute of Civil Aviation Engineers (1966) and many other enterprises and organizations.

Of the periodicals awarded this order, one can note the newspapers Izvestia (1949), Trud (1951), Moskovskaya Pravda (1968), Soviet Sport (1974), Pravda Ukrainy (1975), Sovetskaya culture” (1979), the magazines “Worker” (1933), “Young Guard” (1969), “Soviet trade unions” (1977), “Young Communist” (1977), “Behind the wheel” (1978) and dozens of others.

There are known cases of awarding regular military units with the Order of the Red Banner of Labor. So, for example, on the banner of the 19th Rifle Voronezh-Shumlinskaya Division, in addition to the Orders of the Red Banner and Suvorov, there is also the Order of the Red Banner of Labor.

The last athletes to be awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor were Master of Sports Gennady Vasilyevich Kopeyka and Honored Coach of the USSR, climber Alexander Vasilyevich Shevchenko. They were awarded high awards for organizing and participating in the expedition to climb the Lhotse summit along the South Face in Nepal.

One of the last holders of the Order of the Red Banner of Labor was in 1991 the director of the Moscow Thermal Engineering Institute. Dzerzhinsky Olkhovsky G.G. He was awarded for the development and implementation of highly efficient equipment for thermal and nuclear power plants.

The last recipient of the Order of the Red Banner of Labor in the history of the USSR was the head of the department Russian Academy Theater Arts of the Ministry of Culture of the RSFSR Ioakim Georgievich Sharoev. He was awarded according to the Decree of the President of the USSR of December 21, 1991 "for merits in the development of Soviet musical and variety art."

As of January 1, 1995, the Order of the Red Banner of Labor has received approximately 1,224,590 awards.

You can find out about the features and varieties of medals on the website of the USSR Medals

Estimated value of the medal

How much does the Order of the Red Banner of Labor cost? Below we will give an approximate price for some rooms:

According to the current legislation of the Russian Federation, the purchase and / or sale of medals, orders, documents of the USSR and Russia is prohibited, this is all described in Article 324. Acquisition or sale of official documents and state awards. You can read more about this in the ARTICLE, which describes the law in more detail, as well as describes those medals, orders and documents that do not apply to this ban.

Established by the Decree of the Central Executive Committee and Council of People's Commissars of the USSR of September 7, 1928. Approved by the Decree of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR, adopted at the 4th session of the 4th convocation on December 15, 1928. The statute of the order was amended by the Decree of the Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR of May 7, 1936 and the Decrees of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of June 19, 1943 and December 16, 1947. By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of March 28, 1980, the Statute of the Order was approved in a new edition.

Statute of the order

This order was established to reward great labor services to the Soviet state and society in the field of production, science, culture, literature, art, public education, health care, in state, public and other areas of labor activity.

The Order of the Red Banner of Labor is awarded to:

• citizens of the USSR;
• enterprises, associations, institutions, organizations, union and autonomous republics, territories, regions, autonomous regions, autonomous districts, districts, cities and other settlements.

The Order of the Red Banner of Labor can also be awarded to persons who are not citizens of the USSR, as well as enterprises, institutions, organizations and settlements of foreign states.

The Order of the Red Banner of Labor is awarded:

• for great achievements in the development of industry, agriculture, transport, construction and other sectors of the national economy, in increasing the efficiency of social production, for the highest rates of growth in labor productivity, improving product quality, developing and introducing into production more advanced technological processes;
• for stable high results in the fulfillment and overfulfillment of planned targets and accepted socialist obligations;
• for major successes in increasing the productivity of agricultural crops and the productivity of public animal husbandry, increasing the production and sale of agricultural products to the state;
• for great services in the development of science and technology, the introduction of their latest achievements in the national economy, for inventions and rationalization proposals of great technical and economic importance;
• for great merits in strengthening the country's defense capability;
• for especially fruitful activity in the field of Soviet culture, literature and art;
• for great services in the education and communist education of the younger generation, the training of highly qualified personnel in the field of health care, the development of trade, public catering, housing and communal services, consumer services for the population, for special achievements in the development of physical culture and sports;
• for important services in the field of state and social activities, in strengthening socialist law and order;
• for great services in the development of economic, scientific, technical and cultural cooperation between the USSR and other states.

The Order of the Red Banner of Labor is worn on the left side of the chest and, in the presence of other orders, is located after the Order of the Red Banner.

Description of the Order

The Order of the Red Banner of Labor is a sign depicting an unfolded Red Banner, covered with ruby-red enamel with the inscription "USSR", below which, along the circumference, is placed an image of a cogwheel with the inscription along the rim "Proletarians of all countries, unite!". The rim of the gear wheel and the inscription on it are oxidized. The inscription on the banner, the staff and the rims of the banner are gilded. In the inner part of the cogwheel there is a gilded wreath of oak leaves intertwined at the bottom with two narrow ribbons. In the center of the wreath are depicted a hydroelectric dam, a railway track laid over a bridge combined with a dam, and a river. Against their background are overhead gilded hammer and sickle. All images inside the wreath are oxidized, except for the image of the river, which is made in blue enamel. The background between the gear wheel rim and the wreath is covered with white enamel. At the bottom of the order is a wreath of two rows of ears of wheat. The wreath and the lower part of the cogwheel are intertwined with a gilded ribbon, on which there is a five-pointed star, covered with ruby-red enamel with a gilded outline..

The Order of the Red Banner of Labor is made of silver. Silver content in the order - 33.218 ± 0.385 g (as of September 18, 1975). The total weight of the order is 36.5±1.75 g.

The order is 44 mm high and 37 mm wide.

With the help of an eyelet and a ring, the order is connected to a pentagonal block covered with a dark blue silk moiré ribbon with two longitudinal blue stripes along the edges. Tape width - 24 mm, strip width 3.5 mm.

History of the order

The Order of the Red Banner of Labor is the second Soviet order at the time of its establishment (after the Order of the Red Banner).

The author of the drawing of the Order of the Red Banner of Labor of the sample of 1928 was the artist Kupriyanov V.K., and the author of the drawing of the order of the sample of 1935became a medalist of the Leningrad Mint Golenetsky V.V.

Prior to the establishment of the Order of the Red Banner of Labor of the USSR, the VIII All-Russian Congress of Soviets on December 28, 1920 established the Order of the Red Banner of Labor of the RSFSR, and somewhat later similar orders were established in other Soviet republics.

The first teams awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor of the RSFSR were the Tula Arms and Cartridge Plants, the Okhtensky and Shostka Capsule Plants, awarded on April 25, 1921 for the implementation of the program for the production of rifles and cartridges during the period of the threat of the capture of Tula by Denikin's White Guard troops,.

The Nizhny Novgorod radio laboratory was twice awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor of the RSFSR. The first award took place on September 19, 1922, and the second - in 1928. In addition to the Nizhny Novgorod Radio Laboratory, no other team or person in the entire history of the existence of this distinction has been awarded two Orders of the Red Banner of Labor of the RSFSR.

Industrial enterprises were awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor in other republics as well. So in 1923, the Kyiv plant "Arsenal" was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor of the Ukrainian SSR.

It is interesting to note that military units also received this purely peaceful order. So, for example, for the heroism shown in the fight against flooding, the Order of the Red Banner of Labor of the RSFSR was awarded to the 2nd Amur Rifle Division, the 220th Slavic Regiment of the 74th Rifle Division and the 19th Aviation Squadron "Far Eastern Ultimatum".

The first private person to receive the Order of the Red Banner of Labor of the RSFSR was the peasant of the Bykhov district of the Gomel province Menchukov Nikita, who was awarded this award by the Decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of the RSFSR of July 28, 1921 for selfless protection from the ice drift of the Chigirinsky Bridge,.

With the establishment in 1928 of the Order of the Red Banner of Labor of the USSR, the awarding of the Order of the Red Banner of Labor of the RSFSR and similar orders of other union republics was discontinued, but the persons previously awarded these orders retained the rights and benefits provided for by the statutes of these orders.

The first to be awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor of the USSR were mechanics of the Air Force V. Fedotov, A. Shelagin and M. Kvyatkovsky for their active participation in the rescue expedition to search for the airship “Italia”, which crashed near the North Pole.

The Order of the Red Banner of Labor of the USSR No. 1 was awarded to the staff of the Leningrad plant "Krasny Putilovets" (later the Kirov Plant) in connection with the 125th anniversary of its founding,.

Before the start of the Great Patriotic War, more than 8,000 awards of the Order of the Red Banner of Labor of the USSR were made in the USSR. During the Great Patriotic War, about 21,500 home front workers were awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor of the USSR.

Cavalier of the Order of the Red Banner of Labor (Type 1) Korsakov S.I. - Master of the TsAGI Institute Zhukovsky. awarded

Decree Central Executive Committee of the USSR of December 27, 1933 for exceptional, shock work in the manufacture of aircraft models and

equipment of the aerodynamic laboratory, the order was awarded on April 7, 1934.

Georgy provided a photo of the gentleman.

Since the awards could be repeated for new labor achievements, there are holders of several orders of the Red Banner of Labor. The maximum number of awards known to us with this order is six. Smelyakov Nikolai Nikolaevich was awarded six Orders of the Red Banner of Labor. During the Great Patriotic War, he worked as deputy chief metallurgist, shop manager and chief metallurgist of the Krasnoye Sormovo plant in the city of Gorky. After the war, Nikolai Nikolayevich worked in many responsible positions: director of the Krasnoye Sormovo plant, chairman of the Gorky Economic Council, USSR Minister of Mechanical Engineering and for more than a quarter of a century - Deputy Minister of Foreign Trade of the USSR.

Five orders were awarded to the People's Artist of the USSR, Uzbek dancer Tamara Khanum, historian academician Ilyichev L.F., physicists Leontovich M.A. and Shalnikov A.I. Among the holders of four orders are the world-famous ballerina Galina Ulanova, actress Natalya Uzhviy, composers Revutsky and Balanchivadze and others.

Colonel-General Shumilin Boris Tikhonovich became a four-time holder of the Order of the Red Banner of Labor. During the war years, he was a member of the partisan detachment. After the war, he graduated from the Higher Party School, worked in various leadership positions in the party bodies of Belarus. For some time Shumilin headed the Ministry of Public Order of Belarus, and since 1967 he was the Deputy Minister of Internal Affairs of the USSR.

Four orders of the Red Banner of Labor were awarded to the Hero of Socialist Labor, People's Artist of the USSR, Professor of the Tallinn Conservatory Eugen Arturovich Kapp.

The Order of the Red Banner of Labor was also awarded to foreign citizens. So, for example, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of February 9, 1945, this award was awarded to the second secretary of the British Embassy in the USSR Beers Arthur Herbert for "successful work in the negotiations between the leaders of the Soviet Union and Great Britain during the Tehran Conference and at their subsequent meetings."

The Order of the Red Banner of Labor is the most common award for enterprises, organizations and institutions. After the Great Patriotic War, the awarding of enterprises became widespread. For example, we can cite the Moscow 2nd Watch Factory (1966); Moscow Mining Institute (1969); Moscow Operetta Theater (1977); Moscow Road Institute (1980); Leningrad association "Svetlana" (1942 and 1966); film studio "Lenfilm" (1976); Kyiv Medical Institute (1944); Kyiv Institute of Civil Aviation Engineers (1966) and many other enterprises and organizations.

Of the periodicals awarded this order, one can note the newspapers Izvestia (1949), Trud (1951), Moskovskaya Pravda (1968), Soviet Sport (1974), Pravda Ukrainy (1975), Sovetskaya culture” (1979), the magazines “Worker” (1933), “Young Guard” (1969), “Soviet trade unions” (1977), “Young Communist” (1977), “Behind the wheel” (1978) and dozens of others.

There are known cases of awarding regular military units with the Order of the Red Banner of Labor. So, for example, on the banner of the 19th Rifle Voronezh-Shumlinskaya Division, in addition to the Orders of the Red Banner and Suvorov, there is also the Order of the Red Banner of Labor.

The last athletes to be awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor were Master of Sports Gennady Vasilyevich Kopeyka and Honored Coach of the USSR, climber Alexander Vasilyevich Shevchenko. They were awarded high awards for organizing and participating in the expedition to climb the Lhotse summit along the South Face in Nepal.

One of the last holders of the Order of the Red Banner of Labor was in 1991 the director of the Moscow Thermal Engineering Institute. Dzerzhinsky Olkhovsky G.G. He was awarded for the development and implementation of highly efficient equipment for thermal and nuclear power plants.

The last recipient of the Order of the Red Banner of Labor in the history of the USSR was the head of the department of the Russian Academy of Theater Arts of the Ministry of Culture of the RSFSR Ioakim Georgievich Sharoev. He was awarded according to the Decree of the President of the USSR of December 21, 1991 "for merits in the development of Soviet musical and variety art."

As of January 1, 1995The Order of the Red Banner of Labor made approximately 1,224,590 awards.

Features and varieties of the order.

We can propose the following classification of the Order of the Red Banner of Labor of the USSR.

Type 1. Order of the sample 1928, "Triangle".

The Order of the Red Banner of Labor of the USSR of the 1928 model differed significantly in size and appearance from subsequent versions. The base of the sign was a toothed gear, along the borders of which, along the circumference, were placed ears of wheat. Covered the lower part of the gear right triangle of red enamel, facing down at a right angle. In the central part of the sign, partially covering the triangle, there was a circle with the image of a hydroelectric power station on it. In the center of the circle was a gilded image of a hammer and sickle. In the upper part of the circle there is a small panel of an enameled red banner with the inscription “Proletarians of all countries, unite!”. The letters "USSR" were located at the bottom of the order on a stylized shield. The badge of the order itself consists of two parts. The first, main part is a toothed gear with an enamel triangle, a central circle and a shield at the bottom. The second part is a gilded hammer and sickle, attached to the main part with two rivets. On the reverse of the badge, in its central part, there is a large recess of the correct rounded shape, in the center of which there is a threaded pin. The pin itself and the underlying round platform are made of silver. Two rivets holding the hammer and sickle are located next to the pin (at 3 and 7 o'clock on the dial). The hallmark “MONDVOR” in raised letters is located approximately 5 mm below the pin (at 6 o'clock). The stigma is slightly curved down in an arc (depression). The number of the order, made by stamping, is located outside the central recess. It was stamped on the reverse, in the projection of the lower curly plate bearing the letters "USSR". The clamping nut had a diameter of 28 mm (early characters) or 32 mm (late characters).

The order was made of silver. Sign dimensions: width - 38 mm, height - 43 mm.

The production of the first type of the Order of the Red Banner of Labor began at the Mint only in 1931. By November 1932, 3674 orders of the first type were made, as evidenced by a memorandum to the Secretariat of the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR from the assistant manager of the Mint Pirogov and the head of the household. Demin's department. Subsequently, about one and a half thousand signs of the first type were made. By the time the second type of order appeared in 1936,managed to hand over a little more than two thousand orders of the first type, and the rest remained undelivered in the awards department. Subsequently, all undelivered "triangles" were returned to the Mint, and instead of them, orders of the second type were made with the same serial numbers (described below).

M The following variants of the first type can be distinguished.

• Option 1. The recess on the reverse has a diameter of 28.5 mm. The distance between the letters of the brand is small. The minimum known order number is 26, the maximum is 1157.

• Option 2. The recess on the reverse has a diameter of 25.5 mm. The distance between the letters of the brand is greater than in the first version. The minimum known order number is 938, the maximum is 2748.

Type 2. Order sample 1936. Pin fastening.

This type of order was awarded from June 11, 1936 to June 19, 1943.

The appearance of the badge of the second type (as well as subsequent types) is similar to that given in the “Description of the Order” section. The order is made of silver.

The badge of the order itself consists of five parts. The first, main part of the order is a cogwheel with the image of a hydroelectric power station on it and the inscription “Proletarians of all countries, unite!”. The second part is an enameled red banner with the inscription "USSR", combined with a rounded gilded wreath of oak leaves. The second part is attached to the main part with three rivets. The third part of the order is gilded ears of wheat, intertwined in the middle with a ribbon. These spikes are superimposed on the main part of the sign, at its lower border, and are fastened with two rivets. The fourth part of the order is a small enamel red star superimposed on gilded ears of wheat. It is attached with a single rivet. The last, fifth part of the order is a gilded hammer and sickle, fastened in the center of the main part with two rivets. A round clamping nut with a diameter of 33 mm can be considered a separate element of the order.

The reverse of the order is smooth, slightly concave. In the center of the reverse, a threaded pin with a rounded platform (flange) at the base is soldered. There are eight rivets on the reverse. Directly near the pin are two rivets (hold the hammer and sickle). Three rivets holding the red enamel banner and oak wreath are located at 1, 6 and 11 o'clock on the dial. At the very bottom of the reverse, in a row, there are three more rivets. The central one (at 6 o'clock) holds an enamel red star. Two side ones (at 5 and 7 o'clock) hold gilded ears of wheat.

The number of the order is made by hand with a engraver and is located horizontally between two rivets at 6 o'clock (between the one that holds the lower part of the oak wreath and the one that holds the enamel star). Many orders of the second type are marked with technological hallmarks. They are one or two stamped letters placed on the reverse.

We can propose the following classification of orders of the second type (this classification will be expanded and supplemented as new information becomes available).

• Option 1. The threaded pin on the reverse of the order has a two-stage flange at its base. These are the earliest orders of the second type, the production of which began after the orders of the first type. Depending on the features of the brand, the following varieties of the first option can be distinguished.

• Variety 1. The mark MONDVOR is carved with a chisel in the upper part of the order. The minimum known number is 5144, the maximum is 5303.

• Variety 2. The mark MONDVOR is applied with a punch in the upper part of the order. The letters in the stamp are large. The minimum known number is 5304, the maximum is 5443.

• Variety 3. The mark MONDVOR is applied with a punch in the upper part of the order. The letters in the stamp are small. The minimum known number is 5620, the maximum is 6806.

• Option 2. The threaded pin on the reverse of the order has a flat single-stage flange at its base. Depending on the features of the brand, the following varieties of the second option can be distinguished.

• Variety 1. The mark MONDVOR is applied with a punch in the upper part of the order. The letters in the stamp are small. Signs of this variety can be found in three number intervals (or batches). The first batch includes numbers issued immediately after the signs Option 1, Variation 3. They continue the continuous number series. The minimum known number for the first batch is 6412, the maximum is 8614. The number 6034, which is somewhat out of the number interval, was also examined.

The second batch includes badges with numbers below 5000 and made instead of undelivered orders of the first type ("triangles"). The minimum known number for the second batch is 2068, the maximum is 4471.

The third batch includes signs with numbers above 10500. On most of them, the number was cut at the mint. The minimum known number for the third batch is 10525, the maximum is 11685. The reason for the appearance of such signs has not yet been established. Probably, this batch included orders that were once made at the Leningrad Mint, but for some reason were not sent in a timely manner to the award department for presentation (perhaps due to a minor defect or non-compliance with specifications). After the production of orders was transferred to the Krasnokamsk Mint (KMD), these signs were finalized, after which the old serial numbers were removed and new ones were applied.

• Variety 2. The mark MONDVOR is applied with a punch in the upper part of the order. The letters in the stamp are large. Signs of this variety can be found in two number intervals (or batches). The first batch includes numbers issued in parallel with Variation 1 (immediately after the signs of the first option). The minimum known number for the first batch is 7001, the maximum is 7603.

The second batch includes badges with numbers below 5000 and made instead of undelivered orders of the first type ("triangles"). The minimum known number for the second batch is 4348, the maximum is 4952.

• Variety 3. Signs of the third variety were produced at the LMD. The stamp of the MINT is applied with a punch in the upper part of the order. The word COIN is slightly curved upwards ("hump"). The minimum known number is 8595, the maximum is 10245.

• Variety 4. Signs of the fourth variety were produced at the LMD. The stamp of the MINT is applied with a punch in the upper part of the order. The word COIN is slightly curved downwards ("hollow"). The minimum known number is 9998, the maximum is 10474. Also, a similar brand is marked on order No. 7786, which is knocked out of the number range indicated above and is probably an exception.

• Variety 5. Signs of the fifth variety were produced at KMD. The stamp of the MINT is similar to the previous variety - it is applied with a punch in the upper part of the order, the word MINT is slightly bent down ("hollow"). The minimum known number is 9585, the maximum is 13250.

• Variety 6. Signs of the sixth variety had the mark MONDVOR, carved by hand with a engraver. And famous numbers -№№ 6885, 6925, 6934, 6971, 7709, 10909.

Type 3. Hanging mount. "Elongated oval".

A decree of June 19, 1943 established the procedure for wearing orders that had the shape of a star on pins on the right side of the chest, and orders that had an oval or round shape- on the left side of the chest on pentagonal blocks, covered with a ribbon of the order. At the same time, due to a sharp increase in the number of orders of the USSR and the number of awards, they introduced the wearing of straps with ribbons instead of orders. Thus, the third type of the Order of the Red Banner of Labor was issued from June 19, 1943 until the early 50s.

The material of manufacture (silver) and the appearance of the front part of the sign, in comparison with the second type, have not changed. However, the order of the third type had noticeable differences in the design of the badge. Now the sign of the order consisted of three parts. The red enamel banner with a wreath of oak leaves and the gilded ears of wheat at the bottom of the badge were no longer separate elements, but were part of the cogwheel that made up the main part. The only applied elements were a hammer and sickle in the center of the obverse and a small enamel star at the bottom of the badge. A separate element can be considered a pentagonal block, covered with a ribbon of the order. The block was attached to the lug located in the upper part of the badge of the order by means of a connecting ring. The pin from the reverse, of course, disappeared. Orders of the third type had a height of 47-48 mm and a width of 37-38 mm.

There are three rivets on the reverse. Two are located in the center of the reverse horizontally, at 3 and 9 o'clock on the dial (they hold the hammer and sickle). The third rivet is located at the lower edge of the order, at 6 o'clock (holds the enamel red star). The stamp “MINET” is made in stamped letters in two lines. The number is applied manually with a chisel and is located horizontally, slightly above the bottom rivet (at 6 o'clock). The minimum known number for orders of the third type is 21061, the maximum is 134320.

Depending on the type and location of the hallmarks found on orders of the third type and replacing each other as the serial numbers grow, the following variants of the badge can be distinguished.

• Option 1. Not on the reverse stamped stamp of the Mint.Minimum known number is 21061, maximum - 27721 .

The first option also includes signs that have a stamp on the reverse. On the this moment only one such specimen, No. 25676, is known.The serial number of this sign corresponds to the number limits of the first variant, however, it can be considered as a variation.

• Option 2. The stamp of the Mint is located at the top of the order. The word "COIN" is rounded in top (hollow). A similar type of stamp was used on the last pin marks of the second type.Minimum known number is 21016, maximum - 2 6568 .

Option 3. The stamp of the Mint is located just above the center of the order. The brand is large, the letters in the word "YARD" are larger than in the word "COIN". The minimum known number for this variant is 27443, the maximum is 29103.

• Option 4. The stamp of the Mint is located at the top of the order. The word "COIN" is slightly rounded downwards (hump). The word "COIN" is approximately 8 mm long. The height of both lines of the brand varies within 3 - 4 mm. Probably, each word of the brand was applied with a separate stamp. The minimum known number is 21488, the maximum is 35506.

• Option 5. The stamp of the Mint is located in the upper part of the order, almost at the very top edge. Both words of the brand are straight, without rounding. The word "COIN" is approximately 9 mm long. The height of both lines of the stamp is approximately 4 mm. The minimum known number is 35667, the maximum is 49741. The second variant also includes the number 111600, which is out of the above number interval.

(! ) Orders Nos. 32099, 37681, 37703 and 45923 are marked in the number interval of signs of the fifth variant, having a chisel mark.

• Option 6. The stamp of the Mint is located in the center of the order. Both words of the hallmark are straight, without bending, applied with a single stamp. The word "COIN" is approximately 8.7 mm long. The height of both lines of the stamp is 3.2 mm. There is no dash above the letter Y. The minimum known number is 49958, the maximum is 86070.

• Option 7. Almost similar to the previous version, but the stamp is slightly larger. The word "COIN" is approximately 9.2 mm long. The height of both lines of the stamp is 3.6 mm. Above the letter Y there is a dash. The minimum known number is 78491, the maximum is 13 5151. Also marked are the numbers 142775 and 143165, which are out of the above numbered intervaland, probably, being exceptions.

(! ) It should be noted that the relief of the surface of the reverse of the orders of the third type differed significantly. Along with signs that have an absolutely flat surface of the reverse, there are specimens that have an impression of a regular rounded shape on the reverse, about 28 - 30 mm in diameter. This impression can have a different degree of relief - from a clearly defined, having a significant depth, to almost indistinguishable. In this regard, it is difficult to make a clear division into varieties according to the degree of relief.

Type 4. Hanging mount. "Semi-long oval".

This type of order was awarded mainly in the early 50s. Compared to the previous type, the height of the sign has changed. It is only 46 mm (compared to 47-48 mm for the third type). The width of the sign has not changed - 38 mm. The minimum known order number is 134837, the maximum is 195912.

Type 5. Hanging mount. "Shortened oval".

This type of order was awarded from the beginning of the 50s to the beginning of the 60s. Signs of the fifth type are easy to distinguish from the previous (fourth) type by the size of the "bulls" of the dam. In the fifth type, they are short and practically do not protrude from under the lower edge of the sickle. In earlier types, the "bulls" are long and protrude noticeably from under the lower face of the sickle. The size of the sign is also different. The height of the sign of the fifth type is only 44-45 mm. Sign width - 37 mm.

• Option 1. The brand is in the center of the reverse and is arranged horizontally in two lines.

• Variety 1.The cartouche with a red enamel star, located in the lower part of the order, does not taper upwards and has the same width in the upper and lower parts. In the word UNITE there is no risk over the letter Y. The minimum known order number is 195049, the maximum is 242498.

• Variety 2. Unlike the previous variety, in the word UNITE over the letter Y there is a horizontal risk. The minimum known order number is 238214, the maximum is 243695.

Enlarged fragments of the orders of the Red Banner of Labor Type 5, Option 1, Variation 1 (left) and Variation 2 (right).

• Variety 3. The cartouche with the red enamel star tapers upwards, the upper surface of the cartouche has a smaller width than the lower one. In the word UNITE, the risk over the letter Y is present in all signs of this variety. The minimum known order number is 243837, the maximum is 253974.

• Option 2. The brand is in the center of the reverse and is arranged along an arc in one line. The minimum known order number is 251890, the maximum is 386261. In addition, signs with numbers 408092, 408095, 408108 and 408110 are marked, also related to Type 5 Option 2 and being an exception. Probably, these were unnumbered copies, which were numbered later together with orders of the sixth type.

The authors of the site noted that among the signs with a semicircular hallmark (Type 5, Option 2) there are instances with different heights of a cartouche with a star in the lower part of the order. There are cartouches with a height of 9 mm (Option 2, Variation 1) and 10 mm (Option 2, Variation 2).

Type 6. Suspended crepe l ion. Reverse “Ring”.

This type of order was awarded from about 1966 until the collapse of the USSR in 1991. The height of the sign is 44 mm, the width is 37 mm. The main difference from the previous type is the execution of the reverse. Orders of the sixth type have a ring-shaped recess in the center of the reverse, about 20 mm in diameter. Inside this recess are two rivets holding the hammer and sickle, as well as the “MINT” stamp. Unlike the previous types of the order, the hallmark is made in raised letters in two lines. The upper line - the word "COIN", is located in an arc, along the upper border of the annular recess. The bottom line - the word "YARD", is located horizontally. The lower rivet is located in a typical place (at 6 o'clock on the dial at the bottom edge of the order).

• Option 1. On the obverse of the order, the handle of the hammer passes over the blade of the sickle. The number of the order is made by engraver manually. Depending on the localization of the number and some features of the relief of the reverse, the following varieties of the first variant can be distinguished.

• Variety 1.The serial number is located in the center circle, below the word YARD. A thin convex horizontal line passes under the number. The minimum known order number is 368602, the maximum is 369258.

• Variety 2. The serial number is marked at the bottom of the order. A thin convex horizontal line in the central circle has been preserved. The minimum known order number is 369286, the maximum is 393252.

• Variety 3. The serial number is marked at the bottom of the order. There is no horizontal risk in the center of the annular recess. The minimum known number is 379839, the maximum is 419870.

• Option 2. On the obverse of the order, the handle of the hammer passes under the blade of the sickle. The serial number of the order is engraved with a rotating tool at the bottom of the reverse. The minimum known number for orders of the second variant is 420061, the maximum is 1260962. Depending on the features of the relief of the reverse, two varieties of the second variant can be distinguished.

• Variety 1. In the stamp, the width of the word "YARD" is 6.7 mm. There is no thin convex horizontal line under the numbers of the number.

• Variety 1a. Made at the Moscow Mint. The difference from the first variety is in the way the serial number is displayed. This variety is numbered using a seven-digit system, with the first digit of the six-digit serial number being zero. The minimum known number is 0506132, the maximum is 0513238.

• Variety 2. In the stamp, the width of the word "YARD" is 8 mm. The letters in the hallmark are somewhat larger than those of the orders of the first variety. Early numbers of the second variety did not have risks under the number. Later numbers (starting from about 498 thousand) had a thin, convex horizontal risk under the number. Also, a thin risk occurred in a small number interval of 475 thousand (known numbers 475636, 475724 and 475886).

Duplicates and reissuances

If the awarded person loses his order (medal), its replacement, as a rule, is not made. In exchange for the lost award can be issued Duplicate only as an exception - in case of its loss in a combat situation, loss as a result natural disaster or under other circumstances when the recipient could not prevent this loss. On the reverse side of the duplicate order (medal), the number of the lost award is reproduced with the addition of the letter “D”. This letter can be applied both by stamping and with a chisel. On some duplicates, the letter “D” may be missing. The digits of the duplicate number are usually small and stamped. However, on some early duplicates, the numbers were applied with a chisel. For the manufacture of some duplicates, already numbered, but not awarded, orders were used, while the number was removed and the number of the lost award was applied. In other cases, blanks of orders or medals were used that had not yet received a serial number. Addiction various ways marking from the year of issuance of the duplicate is currently not fully specified. Probably, on the early duplicates, the letter “D” could be absent.

Over time, Soviet orders and medals have significantly changed their appearance. So, the first type of the Orders of Lenin, the Red Banner of Labor, the Badge of Honor differs significantly from the subsequent types of these awards. A number of pin orders in the course of their evolution acquired a hanging block (orders of Lenin, the Red Banner, the Red Banner of Labor, the Badge of Honor). Other orders, on the contrary, lost the suspension block and began to be fastened with a screw (Order of the Patriotic War, land military orders). Thus, by a certain point in time, a previously issued order might not correspond to the current description and wearing procedure. First of all, this concerned the military personnel. For them, the rules of wearing military uniform and awards were very strictly regulated by the relevant governing documents. Instead of the earlier type of order, a new award was issued, corresponding to the current description. This award is called Reissuance. Replacement, as a rule, is made with the preservation of the serial number indicated in the order book. There are two major stages of reissues. The first was in the second half of the 30s and affected the Order of Lenin "Tractor", the Labor Banner "Triangle" and a small version of the Badge of Honor. The second, larger wave of reissuances took place after the Great Patriotic War. Then the orders were replaced in accordance with the June decree of 1943. For example, all participants in the Victory Parade were issued new-type awards without fail.

Rating 5 (Rating - sum of votes)