Who invented sambo and in what year. Sambo - Russian combat system

Sambo is a unique domestic martial art, popular all over the world.
Sambo is an international sport worthy of becoming an Olympic sport.
Sambo is the only sport in the world where the Russian language is recognized as the official language of international communication.

Traditions and Philosophy of Sambo

Sambo is not only a kind of martial arts, it is an education system that promotes the development of moral and volitional qualities of a person, patriotism and citizenship.

Sambo is the science of defense, not attack. Sambo not only teaches self-defense, but also gives rich life experience, which forms a solid male character, stamina and endurance, which are necessary in work and social activities.

Sambo contributes to the development of self-discipline, forms an internal moral support and a strong personal position in achieving life goals. Sambo forms the social pillar of society, people who are able to stand up for themselves, for their families, for their homeland.

Sambo traditions are rooted in the culture of the peoples of Russia, in folk wrestling.

Sambo includes the best practices of national martial arts: fisticuffs, Russian, Georgian, Tatar, Armenian, Kazakh, Uzbek wrestling; Finnish-French, free-American, English wrestling of Lancashire and Cumberland styles, Swiss, Japanese judo and sumo and other martial arts.

Such a system, aimed at searching for everything advanced and expedient, formed the basis of the Sambo philosophy - the philosophy of constant development, renewal, openness to all the best. Along with wrestling techniques, sambo absorbed the moral principles of peoples who transferred part of their culture to sambo. These values gave sambo the strength to go through the harsh tests of time, to endure and harden in them. And today, children, practicing SAMBO, not only learn to defend themselves, but also gain experience of worthy behavior based on the values of patriotism and citizenship.

The history of sambo is closely connected with the history of the country, the history of victories. This is a living symbol of the continuity of generations.

The history of sambo - the history of Russia

The formation of sambo took place in the 1920s-1930s, when the young Soviet state was in dire need of social institution, providing its protection, uniting active members of society, and also capable of becoming effective tool socialization of a huge number of homeless and neglected children and adolescents.

From the very beginning, sambo has developed in two directions: as a mass sport and as an effective means of training personnel for law enforcement agencies.

Since 1923 in the Moscow sports society "Dynamo"V.A. Spiridonov cultivates a specific applied discipline - "self-defense". On the basis of "Dynamo" there was a study of various martial arts, including national types of wrestling of the peoples of the world, boxing and other shock techniques. This direction was closed and was intended exclusively for the training of special forces.

In the same period, sports sambo, originally known as "freestyle wrestling", was actively developing. Graduate of the Kodokan Judo Institute, second danV.S. Oshchepkov starts teaching judo as academic discipline at the Moscow Institute of Physical Education, but gradually departs from the canons of judo in search of the most effective techniques, is engaged in the enrichment and improvement of self-defense techniques, forming the foundations of a new type of martial arts. Over time, Spiridonov's self-defense system merged with Oshchepkov's system, and with the direct participation of other founders (A.A. Kharlampiev, E.M. Chumakova ) modern sambo was formed, which retained two directions in its composition: sports and combat.

From the moment of its foundation, sambo has been considered as an effective means of comprehensive physical development of a person, increasing his dexterity, strength, endurance, educating tactical thinking, and forming civil-patriotic qualities. Already in the 1930s. sambo is included in the standards of the TRP complex, developed with the active participation of V.S. Oshchepkova. Millions of Soviet citizens early age they were introduced to the basics of self-defense without weapons, strengthened health, and nurtured character.

On November 16, 1938, the All-Union Committee for Physical Culture and Sports issued Order No. 633 "On the Development of Freestyle Wrestling (Sambo)". “This struggle,” the order says, “is formed from the most valuable elements of the national types of struggle of our vast Union and some best practices from other types of wrestling, is an extremely valuable sport in terms of its variety of techniques and applications. It was decided to organize a system for training sambo wrestlers in all the republics of the USSR, and also created the “All-Union Section of Freestyle Wrestling (Sambo)”, which later became the Sambo Federation. The following year, the first national championship in a new sport takes place.

The beginning of the Great Patriotic War interrupted the holding of the championships of the USSR. But the war became a tough test of the viability of sambo in combat conditions. Athletes and coaches, brought up by sambo, defended their homeland with honor, participated in the training of fighters and commanders, fought in the ranks active army. Sambists were awarded military orders and medals, many of them became Heroes Soviet Union.

In the 1950s, Sambo enters the international arena and repeatedly proves its effectiveness. In 1957, fighting with the Hungarian judoists, the Soviet sambo wrestlers won a convincing victory in two friendly matches with a total score of 47:1. Two years later, sambists repeated their success, already in meetings with judokas of the GDR. On the eve of the Olympic Games in Tokyo, Soviet sambists, fighting according to the rules of judo, defeated the Czechoslovak national team, and then defeated the European champions in judo, the French team. In 1964, Soviet sambists represent the country at the Olympic Games in Tokyo, where judo makes its debut. As a result of the triumphant performance of the USSR national team, which took second place in the team event, Japan created its own SAMBO federation the very next year. The exchange of coaches and athletes is organized, translated into Japanese methodical literature in sambo. The process of active use of methods of training sambo wrestlers and methods of conducting a duel in sambo to improve judo begins.

In 1966, at the congress of the International Amateur Wrestling Federation (FILA), sambo was officially recognized as an international sport. A steady growth in the popularity of sambo around the world began. The very next year, the first international sambo tournament was held in Riga, in which athletes from Yugoslavia, Japan, Mongolia, Bulgaria and the USSR took part. In 1972, the first open European championship was held, and in 1973, the first world championship, in which athletes from 11 countries took part. In subsequent years, European and world championships, international tournaments are regularly held. Sambo federations are being created in Spain, Greece, Israel, the USA, Canada, France and other countries. In 1977, sambists competed for the first time at the Pan American Games; in the same year, the Sambo World Cup was played for the first time. In 1979, the first World Youth Championship was held, and two years later, the first Women's World Championship. Also in 1981, sambo entered the Bolivarian Games of South America.

With all the active development and growth of international popularity in the 70-80s, sambo was not included in the program of the Olympic Games.

In the 70-80s, continuing the traditions of mass development, sambo was widely spread in the country's universities. Through the sambo sections of universities and institutes of the Soviet Union, the Burevestnik sports society passed a large number of students who now, having become successful statesmen, athletes, military men, scientists, are an active part of the All-Russian SAMBO community. At the same time, active work was carried out to develop SAMBO at the place of residence and in institutions. additional education sports orientation, training of highly qualified athletes.

In 1985, a resolution of the USSR State Committee for Physical Culture and Sports "On the state and measures for the development of sambo wrestling" was adopted, which contributed to a significant increase in the number of sports schools cultivating sambo, growth total strength involved in improving the training of highly qualified athletes. Under the auspices of the USSR State Sports Committee, sambo competitions were held among military-patriotic clubs for the prizes of the National Olympic Committee of the USSR. Sambo wrestling has become the only non-Olympic sport that has received broad state support.

The 1990s were a difficult period for SAMBO. In the context of perestroika, various types of martial arts, which was greatly facilitated by Western cinema, which promoted spectacular techniques of karate, aikido, wushu, etc. Previously banned by the state, these martial arts became especially attractive to the population. But already in the late 1990s - early 2000s, a new discipline was emerging - combat sambo.

In combat sambo, sports sambo techniques are allowed, as well as actions permitted by the competition rules of all existing martial arts (including striking techniques).

The formation and development of combat sambo made it possible to objectively assess the effectiveness of sambo against the background of various kinds and styles of martial arts, has become a powerful stimulus for the improvement of sambo. In 2001, the first Russian championship in combat sambo took place. In 2002, the State Committee of the Russian Federation for Physical Culture and Sports issued a resolution approving the new discipline "combat sambo".

The 2000s became a time of active development of sambo, primarily due to the strengthening of regional sambo federations, increasing the level of state support, increasing funding, improving the level of training of athletes, and developing a system of sports events.

In 2003, by decision of the State Committee for Sports of Russia, sambo was officially recognized as a national and priority sport in the Russian Federation.

Sambo is the national sport of Russia

Today in Russia, sambo is one of the most popular sports. Due to its accessibility (does not require expensive sports facilities and equipment) and its role in the social life of society, sambo is developing in 72 constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

More than 300,000 Russians practice Sambo, including 60,000 young athletes in 589 departments of sports schools and clubs throughout Russia.

The main places for initial training and training sessions for young amateur athletes are clubs at the place of residence, sports halls educational institutions, institutions of additional education, sports clubs and sections, sports halls of voluntary sports societies, etc. An extensive network of organizations and institutions implementing activities to attract children and adolescents to regular classes is the basis for increasing the popularity and mass character of Sambo.

The most developed network of sambo departments is in sports schools of the Altai, Krasnodar, Perm, Primorsky regions, the Republic of Bashkortostan, Samara, Saratov, Sverdlovsk, Kemerovo, Nizhny Novgorod, Orenburg regions, St. Petersburg, Moscow and the Moscow region.

A lot of work to promote and develop SAMBO, prepare a sports reserve, and organize mass sports events is carried out by unique SAMBO centers that have no analogues in the world: the World SAMBO Academy (Kstovo, Nizhny Novgorod Region), the Sambo Education Center-70 (Moscow city).

Over 100 athletes high class improve sportsmanship in the departments of sambo schools of the Olympic reserve of the Republic of Buryatia, the Chuvash Republic, the Primorsky Territory, the Irkutsk, Kurgan, Kemerovo, Novosibirsk, Omsk, Penza, Saratov and Sverdlovsk regions.

Every year more than 12 thousand athletes fulfill the standards of mass sports categories.

More than 150 competitions are held annually at the All-Russian level - Russian championships among men and women, championships among juniors, boys, juniors and girls, among veterans, as well as among students; cups of Russia, tournaments dedicated to the memory of outstanding athletes of the country, significant dates in the history of the Fatherland. The annual holding on the eve of Victory Day in one of the hero cities of the international youth sambo tournament ‘Victory’ among the teams of hero cities and federal districts. The most prestigious international tournaments are regularly held in Russia, such as the Sambo Cup of the President of the Russian Federation, the A.A. Kharlampiev" and others. Russia has repeatedly been honored to host the European and World Championships.

Sambo is an integral element of the physical and special training of the personnel of the power structures of Russia. So, sambo is used to train employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the FSB, the GRU special forces.

The championship of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Central Internal Affairs Directorate, the Internal Affairs Directorate for the constituent entities of the Russian Federation is regularly held; in 2010 it was for the first time combined with the championship of educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. Also, since 2010, the championship of the FSB of Russia has been held.

Legendary Athletes

The Russian national sambo team maintains the prestige of the Fatherland in the international sports arena, confidently winning victories in the team event. Russians regularly become prize-winners of European and world championships, and in many weight categories Russian athletes are the strongest in the international sports arena. Glorified their kind of martial arts Honored Masters of Sports - eleven-time world championsMurat Khasanov andIrina Rodina , seven times world championRais Rakhmatullin , six-time world championsSergei Lopovok, Svetlana Galyant , four-time world champion in combat sambo, multiple world champion in mixed martial artsFedor Emelianenko , winners of the First World Martial Arts GamesMarianna Alieva, Ekaterina Onoprienko andBair Omoktuev (Combat Sambo).

Sambo in the World: Olympic Perspectives

One of the greatest achievements of the past decades has been the formation of a cohesive SAMBO community. Both in Russia and in the world, thousands of people who have gone through and live SAMBO are united by its values, principles and ideals. Accessibility, staginess, as well as the high efficiency of sambo as a martial art allowed it to win a wide international recognition. Today sambo is practiced by people all over the world, on different continents - in Europe, Asia, America, Africa, Australia. Sambo is developing in 77 countries of the world, in 66 countries there are national federations that are part of the International Amateur Sambo Federation (FIAS).

At present, Sambo has a solid foundation for active development.

Sambo is included in the official program of the SportAccord World Martial Arts Games and the World Summer Universiade 2013, along with the Olympic sports.

The number of amateurs and professional athletes is growing every year. the main task on a global scale - to enter the Olympic family. The SAMBO community is working hard and painstakingly to recognize SAMBO as an Olympic sport.

The history of the development of sambo wrestling began with the founding of the first wrestling section on the basis of the Dynamo society. It was headed by Viktor Spiridonov in 1923. In the classroom, he trains law enforcement officers and fighters border troops combat techniques.
It was Spiridonov who singled out two directions for the development of sambo - sports sambo and combat sambo. Viktor Afanasyevich not only taught wrestling, he actively promoted its spread throughout the country. He opened sports sections in Leningrad, Rostov-on-Don, Sverdlovsk, Novosibirsk and a number of other cities.
He proposed rules for holding competitions, the first of which was a categorical prohibition "to get excited during a fight, no matter how fast it goes."

Another enthusiast in the development of sambo was Vasily Oshchepkov, who in 1913. He graduated from the Kodokan Judo Institute in Japan. From 1918 to 1926 he was a resident of the Main Intelligence Directorate of the Red Army in Japan. Before moving to Moscow, he worked as a self-defense instructor in the Novosibirsk branch of Dynamo, teaching cadets local school militia. The closed system of Spiridonov "CAM" was already being introduced there. In Moscow, Oshchepkov organizes groups at the Central House of Arts for the study of hand-to-hand combat among military personnel, conducts classes for the highest command staff of the Red Army. Works at the Moscow Institute of Physical Education and teaches judo wrestling. Oshchepkov's idea is to develop a system of techniques available not for a limited number of "initiates", but for everyone. To do this, he prepared a course of lectures and in 1932 recruited the first group of students to train coaches and sports propagandists from among them. Already in those years, Oshchepkov departed from the rules of judo, actively supplementing Japanese wrestling with techniques taken from the rich arsenal of national types of wrestling of the peoples of the Soviet Union. He began to add the most spectacular techniques from national types of wrestling to judo, change the cut of the jacket, the rules for holding competitions, and introduced protective shoes - wrestling shoes. So a new sport arose, which was called at that time “free style wrestling”.

Anatoly Arkadyevich Kharlampiev, it is he who is often considered the founder of sambo wrestling. Kharlampiev traveled a lot, collecting and systematizing the techniques and methods of training national sports. In 1983, a film was made about the creation of sambo - "Invincible".

Kharlampiev is the author of the first textbook "Sambo Wrestling". While still a student, in 1936 he defended thesis, in which the techniques studied by him under the guidance of Oshchepkov are collected and described. For many years he systematized the techniques and methods of struggle of the peoples of the USSR. Kharlampiev is the author of many books on the theory and practice of SAMBO training, the organizer of numerous referee seminars and training camps for athletes. He founded schools for the education of athletes in such sports societies as "Wings of the Soviets", "Dynamo" and the Moscow Energy Institute, having trained more than a hundred masters of sports, candidates for masters of sports and thousands of sportsmen.

In July 1938, being the senior coach of the camp, Anatoly Kharlampiev suggests cultivating his own, original type of wrestling and delivers a report “Fundamentals of freestyle wrestling”: “... Soviet freestyle wrestling includes all the best elements from the following national wrestling: Georgian, Tatar, Karachay , Kazakh, Uzbek, Turkmen ... Our struggle should be the most extensive in terms of means of victory, therefore we are not limited to the struggles that are cultivated in the Soviet Union, we borrow the technique of struggle from other countries ... ”Kharlampiev proposes to systematize the experience accumulated by times and peoples. He says that the basis of victory should be taken from a standing position on the entire back - "with this throw, the enemy can be stunned so much that he does not get up." The main advantage of the nascent struggle is called its “applicability”.

Sambo birthday - or official recognition.

On November 16, 1938, the All-Union Committee for Physical Culture and Sports issues Order No. 633 "On the development of freestyle wrestling." This day is considered to be the birthday of Sambo.

First All-Union offset

1938 The set of norms of the TRP of the II degree, as test disciplines, includes wrestling (for men) and self-defense (for women).
First competitions and first champions

1938, Baku All-Union competition in freestyle wrestling - a match of five cities. Teams from Baku, Moscow, Leningrad, Kyiv and Saratov are participating. The first place is taken by the team of Leningrad.

1939, Leningrad. Individual championship of the USSR in freestyle wrestling. 56 people participate in eight weight categories.

1940 The first 16 people receive the title of "Master of Sports of the USSR".

First heroes

1941-1945 years. Many athletes go to the front, the most experienced remain in the rear: Leningrader Ivan Vasiliev teaches self-defense skills to paratroopers, Muscovite Nikolai Gladkov trains airborne troops. Winners of the first championships of the USSR E. Baev, N. Sazonov, V. Sheinin, V. Salmin die during battles. The first champion of the USSR Evgeny Chumakov and Leningrader Ivan Vasiliev go through the whole war. They founded sambo schools that thundered throughout the country. Permian Leonid Golev returns from the front as a Hero of the Soviet Union.

The first popular book about sambo

1949 "Sambo fight". Author - Anatoly Kharlampiev. The book has been reprinted several times. The only textbook of that time. In the chapter “Advice to beginner sambists”, Kharlampiev writes: “Sambo wrestling classes should primarily serve to educate and train young people - healthy, politically literate, devoted to the party of Lenin-Stalin and ready for work and defense of our great Motherland. Therefore, it is important that there are more people involved. Set yourself the task of attracting at least three of your comrades to the SAMBO section.”

First statistics

1952 According to statistical reports, 4,437 people are engaged in sambo wrestling in the USSR, 47 coaches work.
1965 The popularity of sambo is growing. More than eighty thousand people are engaged in wrestling.

First international starts

1957 A friendly match is being held in Moscow between Soviet sambo wrestlers (Dynamo, Burevestnik) and Hungarian judo wrestlers (Dozha). Our wrestlers win a convincing victory with a score of 47:1.

1967 The 1st International Sambo Tournament starts in Riga. Representatives of five countries take part in the competition: Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Mongolia, Japan, and the USSR.
First official worldwide recognition

1966 The International Amateur Wrestling Federation (FILA) has officially recognized Sambo as an international sport.
The first performance of sambists at the Olympics

1961 Judo is included in the program of the XVIII Olympic Games in Tokyo. The Sambo Wrestling Federation receives a task - to prepare a team of wrestlers. The composition of the team is completely formed from sambo wrestlers.

1964 Olympics in Tokyo. The performance of the Soviet wrestlers becomes a sensation. Bronze medals are won by Aron Bogolyubov, Oleg Stepanov, Anzor Kiknadze, Parnaoz Chikviladze.
First European and World Championships

1972 The first European Championship starts in Riga. A decree is issued on the separate cultivation of sambo and judo in the USSR. The first European champions are V. Kyullenen, A. Hosh, K. Gerasimov, V. Nevzorov, A. Fedorov, Ch. Ezerskas, N. Nisinaki, N. Saito, S. Novikov, V. Kuznetsov.

1973 First World Cup in Tehran. The USSR team wins nine gold medals out of ten. The first world champions are G. Georgadze, A. Shor, M. Yunak, D. Rudman, A. Fedorov, Ch. Ezerskas, L. Tediashvili, N. Danilov, V. Klivodenko.
First women's competition

1981 Madrid hosts the first Women's World Cup. Soviet athletes do not take part in competitions.

1987 The USSR State Committee for Physical Culture and Sports issued an order "On the Development of SAMBO Among Women". Nizhny Tagil hosts the first women's All-Russian tournament.
The first film about sambo

1983 Yuri Boretsky is shooting the film "Invincible" about Anatoly Kharlampiev. After the release of the film, the number of people wishing to enroll in SAMBO increases significantly.
The first starts of the new millennium

year 2001. The first International Youth Tournament "Victory" opens in Moscow. The first Russian championship in combat sambo is taking place.
National and Priority

On April 23, 2003, a meeting of the Goskomsport Board of Russia was held. The decision taken at this meeting changed the fate of SAMBO. Sambo has been recognized as a national and priority sport.

In 2007. The first Cup of the President of the Russian Federation is held in Moscow.

If you have entered our website and opened the “About SAMBO” section, it means that you are interested or at least curious. In any case, what you read will not leave you indifferent. SAMBO - a powerful means of self-defense, physical and spiritual education - was invented in the Soviet Union and quickly spread throughout the world. USSR sambists won many medals of the highest standard not only in SAMBO, but also in judo, freestyle and classical wrestling, and MMA. Having finished sports performances and forged character, many sambo wrestlers became prominent scientists, military men and politicians. These are courageous and selfless people whom the whole world knows today.

SO:

SAMBO (an abbreviation formed from the phrase "SELF Defense Without Weapons")- a type of martial arts and a comprehensive self-defense system developed in the USSR. In SAMBO, the authors (Anatoly Kharlampiev, Vasily Oshchepkov, Viktor Spiridonov) combined the techniques of many national types of martial arts, including the Georgian Chidaoba, Tatar, Karachay, Kazakh, Uzbek, Turkmen, Finnish-French, Free-American, English, Swiss wrestling, Japanese judo and sumo.

History of combat sports

The struggle at the dawn of mankind helped keep people alive and provide themselves with food. The accumulated experience was passed down from generation to generation, and over time, wrestling was recognized as a means of physical development and education of valuable applied skills.

Primitive fights became a sport after the appearance of the rules for their conduct. The first information about sports fights is about five thousand years old: they are mentioned in the Babylonian and Indian epics, Chinese chronicles, their images are on ancient Egyptian bas-reliefs.

In ancient Greece, wrestling was part of the program of the ancient Olympic Games. In addition, it was part of the system of physical education for children and youth, including sprinting, long jumps, javelin and discus throwing. The first rules for wrestling competitions were developed and described by the founder of Athens - Theseus.

The traditions of ancient Greek wrestling were revived in the middle of the nineteenth century in France. This sport was first called French, then classical wrestling, now it is called Greco-Roman wrestling.

Almost immediately, French wrestling finds its way to America. Here, its development takes on a new direction, which in modern sports is called freestyle wrestling.

Greco-Roman wrestling was included in the program of the modern Olympic Games from the very beginning, revived by Pierre de Coubertin in 1886. And already in 1904, freestyle wrestling was included in the program of the Games.

Each nation has its own national types of wrestling. And on the territory former USSR there are almost as many of them as there are nations - including the Georgian Chidaoba, the Tatar kuresh, the Karachai Tutush, the Russian wrestling. All of them, as well as the experience of European and Asian culture, became the basis for SAMBO.

Annals of sambo

1936 At the Moscow Institute of Physical Education, Anatoly Kharlampiev defended his thesis, in which he collected and described all the techniques he studied under the guidance of Vasily Oshchepkov and collected independently.

1938 Moscow hosts the 1st All-Union coaching camp, "which brought together coaches of various types of national wrestling - Kyrgyz, Tatar, Turkmen, Kazakh, Caucasian, etc." (“Red Sport” June 27, 1938), and a scientific and methodological conference. Oshchepkov's student Kharlampiev was appointed as the head coach of the training camp.

"National types of struggle of our vast Soviet Union,- said Kharlampiev at the conference, - served as the basis for the creation of a large common wrestling, which now we all call the Soviet freestyle wrestling. All the best elements from the following national types of wrestling are included in the Soviet freestyle wrestling: Georgian, Tatar, Karachay, Kazakh, Uzbek, Turkmen, etc.”

He adds that the most original techniques of the Finnish-French, free-American, English wrestling of the Lancashire and Cumberland styles, Swiss, Japanese judo and sumo are involved in the system.

From the very first moments of laying its foundation, the synthesized system assumed its openness to all the best and expedient, without giving priority to one thing, and the universal rules, according to Kharlampiev, should have given an opportunity to a wrestler of any nationality, using his favorite tricks from popular struggle, as well as others, on an equal footing with everyone to compete.

It was then that the main conclusion was made: as long as the search continues only in the field of purely applied, limited in the number of methods of self-defense systems, there can be no real self-defense. For this, a foundation is needed, and wrestling should become this foundation. (Kharlampiev A.A., “SAMBO System”)

November 16, 1938 The All-Union Committee for Physical Culture and Sports issued Order 633 "On the development of freestyle wrestling." "This fight- said in the order - formed from the most valuable elements of the national types of wrestling of our vast Union and some of the best techniques from other types of wrestling, is an extremely valuable sport in terms of its variety of techniques and applications. This day is considered to be the birthday of SAMBO.

November 25-26, 1939 The first USSR championship in "freestyle wrestling" is held in Leningrad. "Freestyle wrestling" - that was the name of SAMBO wrestling at that time.

1940 The first manuals on "freestyle wrestling" by N. Galkovsky and R. Shkolnikov are published. A textbook for NKVD schools under the authorship of Viktor Volkov (a student of Oshchepkov and Spiridonov) "Sambo self-defense course" is being published. The author tried to combine the legacy of teachers and outlined his concept of teaching the system of defense and attack. Thanks to Volkov, the word SAMBO appeared.

1941-1945. The Great Patriotic War interrupted the competitions in "freestyle wrestling" (SAMBO wrestling). But it was also a test of the viability of SAMBO in combat conditions. Athletes and coaches, brought up on the Soviet system of self-defense, defended their homeland with honor, participated in the training of fighters and commanders, fought in the ranks of the army in the field.

1946"Freestyle wrestling" received a modern name - SAMBO. The concept of the SAMBO system is being formed as a system that combines SAMBO wrestling (sports section) and self-defense without weapons "SAMBO" (combat section designed to solve combat missions).

The All-Union Section is being created, competitions and coaching camps are being resumed.

1947 Rules of SAMBO wrestling competitions are coming out. (Sambo wrestling: Competition rules. - M .: "Physical culture and sport", type. "Kr. Banner" - 6th type. Transzheldorizdat, 1947). The USSR SAMBO championships are resumed, which are held regularly until the collapse of the USSR in 1991.

1948 All-Union Affairs Committee physical culture and Sports under the Council of Ministers of the USSR for the first time approves the SAMBO Wrestling Program for sports sections of physical culture groups.

1949 The first edition of Anatoly Kharlampiev's book "SAMBO Fight" is published. The book begins with these words: “Techniques used in sambo wrestling are substantiated by scientific data in their technique. In one case, the expedient use of body levers; in the other, the application of the laws of motion of the chain of links of the human body; in the third - the achievement of lightning-fast movements through the addition of velocities, etc. - in all cases in SAMBO wrestling, success does not depend on chance find successful reception, but from the correct analysis of the movements of the human body.

Further in the chapter on tactics, Kharlampiev writes: “In such a complex sport as sambo wrestling, one technique, physical and volitional qualities are still not enough to achieve complete success in competitions. Tactics in all its diversity plays a huge role both in a single fight and in the whole complex of competitions. Therefore, in sambo, an important place should be given to the study of the most rational ways of defeating the enemy.”

1950s for SAMBO were marked by entering the international arena. It all started with foreign students studying in the Soviet Union.

1953"Voenizdat" publishes for official use two books by Kharlampiev - " Fighting techniques SAMBO” and “Special SAMBO Techniques”.

1957 The first official meeting of sambists of the USSR with judokas of Hungary. At the Dynamo stadium in Moscow, the wrestlers of the Soviet Union won a convincing victory with a score of 47: 1 over the followers of Japanese wrestling. Our sambists in this meeting fought according to the rules of judo. The first foreign sambo federation was formed - the SAMBO Wrestling Federation People's Republic Bulgaria.

1958 The first sambo championship of the People's Republic of Bulgaria is taking place - this is the first tournament of this level abroad. In Belgium, at the Brussels World Exhibition “Expo-58”, a demonstration of SAMBO techniques is taking place.

1962 A judo section was organized in the USSR SAMBO Federation. Sambists continue to actively prepare for Olympic Games 1964 in Tokyo, where judo makes its debut.

1965 The SAMBO Federation is being created in Japan.

1966 At the FILA Congress, which was held in the American city of Toledo, SAMBO wrestling is recognized as an international sport. A team of Japanese sambists comes to the Soviet Union for the first time. Guests could not win any of the four match meetings.

1967 The first International SAMBO Friendship Tournament was held in Riga. Athletes from Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Mongolia, Japan and the USSR took part in the competition. Since this year, international competitions have been regularly held in different countries peace.

1970 David Lvovich Rudman founded the SAMBO-70 school in Moscow.

1971 SAMBO is included in the Spartakiad of the Peoples of the USSR.

1972 In the USSR, in Riga, the first open SAMBO European Championship is held. Athletes from Bulgaria, Great Britain, Spain, the USSR, Yugoslavia, Iran, Mongolia and Japan took part in the competition.

1973 The first World Sambo Championship is held at the Farah Stadium in Tehran. Athletes from Bulgaria, Great Britain, Spain, Italy, Yugoslavia, USSR, USA, Iran, Mongolia, South Korea and Japan.

1976 The book of the legendary sambo master Evgeny Mikhailovich Chumakov "Tactics of a sambo wrestler" is published, where the author notes: “In order to successfully draw up a plan of action, a wrestler needs knowledge and experience. He must be able to assess the capabilities of his own and his opponents, otherwise he will not be able to choose the right tactics and implement them. Tactics is both an art and a science at the same time. Significant experience in the use of tactical actions has been accumulated in sambo wrestling, which in last years intensively summarized and systematized.

1977 The first World Cup is played in Spain in Oviedo. The first Pan-American SAMBO Championship (Puerto Rico) is taking place.

1979 The first book on sambo for children is published. Author David Rudman begins it with the words: "Dear friend! I do not know how old you are and whether you are familiar with sambo wrestling. But you picked up this book and started reading it.” And just below: “Do not expect supernatural recipes and mysterious secrets from me. The most super-mysterious recipe has long been revealed. Sport is work! You want to become a sambist. Great wish. But one desire is not enough. You can lie on the couch, read books on SAMBO and dream of becoming a champion. You can talk a lot and smartly about wrestling and know the names of all the tricks. But still not being able to do anything. Therefore, we must work hard, selflessly, intelligently. Search, make mistakes, lose and win. And to believe, strongly believe in yourself, in your character, in your will.

1981 SAMBO is included in the Bolivarian Games ( South America).

1982 The first international sambo tournament "Memorial of Anatoly Arkadyevich Kharlampiev" is taking place in Moscow. This tournament has already become traditional. SAMBO is included in the Cruz del Sur Games program (South America, Argentina).

1983 The first World Sambo Championship among women was held in Madrid. SAMBO is included in the program of the Pan American Games.

1984 A decree was signed on the development of SAMBO among women in the USSR. At the founding Congress in Bilbao (Spain), the International Amateur Sambo Federation (FIAS / FIAS) was created, which in 2001 at the next Congress was renamed the World SAMBO Federation, World Sambo Federation (WSF). Spaniard Fernando Compte was elected the first president of FIAS. John Henson of the United States of America was elected First Vice President.

1985 FIAS has been included in GAISF (AGFIS). GAISF - World Association of International sports federations/ General Association of International Sports Federations)

1986 Tokyo (Japan) hosts the first Asian SAMBO Cup.

1987 For the first time the SAMBO World Cup is held in Africa, Casablanca (Morocco).

1989 First New Jersey World Youth Championship (USA).

1997 In Russia, the International SAMBO Academy (Kstovo) hosts the XXI World SAMBO Championship. For the first time in the history of the existence of the International Amateur SAMBO Federation, it is headed by Russian Mikhail Tikhomirov.

year 2001. At the next Congress of the International Amateur SAMBO Federation (FIAS/FIAS), which was held in Russia in the city of Krasnoyarsk, it was decided to rename the International Amateur SAMBO Federation, International Amateur Sambo Federation (FIAS/FIAS) into the World SAMBO Federation, World SAMBO Federation (WSF/ WSF).

Types of sambo

Although Sambo was originally developed as a single system, there are currently three versions of Sambo:

– Sports sambo is a martial art close to judo. However, sambo wrestlers wear a jacket with “wings” and slits for the belt, shorts instead of pants, and “sambos” on their legs.

For a duel, a round carpet is chosen instead of a square one in judo. In sambo, you can do painful holds on the legs, but you can’t do chokeholds, and in judo it’s the other way around. In addition, judo and sambo are completely different systems scoring.

- The art of self-defence. This form is similar to aikijutsu, jujitsu and aikido. Techniques are designed to repel the attack of both armed and unarmed opponents.

- Combat Sambo is a system developed and adapted for the needs of the army and the police. Combat sambo includes techniques with and without weapons.

Combat sambo competitions are reminiscent of modern mixed martial arts fights ("fights without rules") and include extensive use of strikes, grabs and throws.

If you have entered our website and opened the “About SAMBO” section, it means that you are interested or at least curious. In any case, what you read will not leave you indifferent. SAMBO - a powerful means of self-defense, physical and spiritual education - was invented in the Soviet Union and quickly spread throughout the world. USSR sambists won many medals of the highest standard not only in SAMBO, but also in judo, freestyle and classical wrestling, and MMA. Having finished sports performances and forged character, many sambo wrestlers became prominent scientists, military and political figures. These are courageous and selfless people whom the whole world knows today.

SO:

History of combat sports

Almost immediately, French wrestling finds its way to America. Here, its development takes on a new direction, which in modern sports is called freestyle wrestling.

Each nation has its own national types of wrestling. And on the territory of the former USSR there are almost as many of them as there are nations - including the Georgian Chidaoba, the Tatar kuresh, the Karachay tutush, the Russian wrestling. All of them, as well as the experience of European and Asian culture, became the basis for SAMBO.

Annals of sambo

He adds that the most original techniques of the Finnish-French, free-American, English wrestling of the Lancashire and Cumberland styles, Swiss, Japanese judo and sumo are involved in the system.

From the first moments of laying its foundation, the synthesized system assumed its openness to all the best and expedient, without giving priority to one thing, and the universal rules, according to Kharlampiev, should have given an opportunity to a wrestler of any nationality, using his favorite tricks from folk wrestling, and as well as others, on an equal footing with everyone to compete.

November 25-26, 1939 The first USSR championship in "freestyle wrestling" is held in Leningrad. "Freestyle wrestling" - that was the name of SAMBO wrestling at that time.

The All-Union Section is being created, competitions and coaching camps are being resumed.

1948 The All-Union Committee for Physical Culture and Sports under the Council of Ministers of the USSR for the first time approves the SAMBO Wrestling Program for sports sections of physical culture groups.

1949 The first edition of Anatoly Kharlampiev's book "SAMBO Fight" is published. The book begins with these words: “Techniques used in sambo wrestling are substantiated by scientific data in their technique. In one case, the expedient use of body levers; in the other, the application of the laws of motion of the chain of links of the human body; in the third - the achievement of lightning-fast movements through the addition of velocities, etc. - in all cases, in sambo wrestling, success does not depend on the chance finding of a successful technique, but on the correct analysis of the movements of the human body.

1950s for SAMBO were marked by entering the international arena. It all started with foreign students studying in the Soviet Union.

1953"Voenizdat" publishes for official use two books by Kharlampiev - "SAMBO Combat Techniques" and "SAMBO Special Techniques".

1957 The first official meeting of sambists of the USSR with judokas of Hungary. At the Dynamo stadium in Moscow, the wrestlers of the Soviet Union won a convincing victory with a score of 47: 1 over the followers of Japanese wrestling. Our sambists in this meeting fought according to the rules of judo. The first foreign sambo federation was formed - the Sambo Wrestling Federation of the People's Republic of Bulgaria.

1962 A judo section was organized in the USSR SAMBO Federation. Sambists continue to actively prepare for the 1964 Olympic Games in Tokyo, where judo will make its debut.

1965 The SAMBO Federation is being created in Japan.

1967 The first International SAMBO Friendship Tournament was held in Riga. Athletes from Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Mongolia, Japan and the USSR took part in the competition. Since this year, international competitions are regularly held in different countries of the world.

1970 David Lvovich Rudman founded the SAMBO-70 school in Moscow.

1971 SAMBO is included in the Spartakiad of the Peoples of the USSR.

1973 The first World Sambo Championship is held at the Farah Stadium in Tehran. Athletes from Bulgaria, Great Britain, Spain, Italy, Yugoslavia, the USSR, the USA, Iran, Mongolia, South Korea and Japan participated in these competitions.

1976 The book of the legendary sambo master Evgeny Mikhailovich Chumakov "Tactics of a sambo wrestler" is published, where the author notes: “In order to successfully draw up a plan of action, a wrestler needs knowledge and experience. He must be able to assess the capabilities of his own and his opponents, otherwise he will not be able to choose the right tactics and implement them. Tactics is both an art and a science at the same time. Significant experience in the use of tactical actions has been accumulated in sambo wrestling, which has been intensively summarized and systematized in recent years.

1977 The first World Cup is played in Spain in Oviedo. The first Pan-American SAMBO Championship (Puerto Rico) is taking place.

1981 SAMBO is included in the Bolivarian Games (South America).

1983 The first World Sambo Championship among women was held in Madrid. SAMBO is included in the program of the Pan American Games.

1985 FIAS has been included in GAISF (AGFIS). GAISF - General Association of International Sports Federations)

1986 Tokyo (Japan) hosts the first Asian SAMBO Cup.

1987 For the first time the SAMBO World Cup is held in Africa, Casablanca (Morocco).

1989 First New Jersey World Youth Championship (USA).

Types of sambo

Although Sambo was originally developed as a single system, there are currently three versions of Sambo:

– Sports sambo is a martial art close to judo. However, sambo wrestlers wear a jacket with “wings” and slits for the belt, shorts instead of pants, and “sambos” on their legs.

- The art of self-defence. This form is similar to aikijutsu, jujitsu and aikido. Techniques are designed to repel the attack of both armed and unarmed opponents.

- Combat Sambo is a system developed and adapted for the needs of the army and the police. Combat sambo includes techniques with and without weapons.

Combat sambo competitions are reminiscent of modern mixed martial arts fights ("fights without rules") and include extensive use of strikes, grabs and throws.

The emergence and development of sambo

Since time immemorial, the peoples inhabiting our Motherland have cultivated national types of wrestling and self-defense techniques.
Wrestling has served as one of the means of educating young people since ancient times. The well-known Tajik poet of the 13th century Saadi said this well:
An inexperienced lion cub is afraid of a fox.
Brought up in the hall, through the efforts of wives,
He will run away from the first fight, he is frightened.
Hunting, fighting, throwing arrows
Being busy, the teenager becomes bold.

Each nation had its own, national struggle, its own experience, which grew and multiplied over time. Some types of wrestling among different peoples were similar to each other, some were fundamentally different. Based on the positive experience of all national types of wrestling, the international sports wrestling sambo was created.
The created system of struggle and self-defense from the very first days of its birth began to develop rapidly. Based on the exchange of experience between various national types of wrestling, the Sambo techniques were improved. Accumulation of huge practical material led to the need to classify and systematize the techniques of sambo wrestling, to single out and separately study the grips, preparations and some other elements used in different techniques. It became clear that many elements inherent in one technique can be successfully transferred to others similar to them. This made sambo wrestling the richest wrestling in the world in terms of the number of moves. Everyone involved in sambo wrestling strove to make and made some kind of contribution to its development and distribution. So, for the combat part of the sambo wrestling, Dynamo in 1923 found good name"Self Defense Without Weapons". At first, they abbreviated it as "SAM", then - "SAMOS" and, finally, "SAMBO".
On November 16, 1938, the All-Union Committee for Physical Culture and Sports under the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR issued an order (Order No. 633), which stated: “Sambo wrestling in the USSR, formed from the most valuable elements of the national wrestling of our vast Union ... its variety of technology and defense value of the sport ... ". The date of November 16, 1938 became the day of official recognition of sambo wrestling.
At the end of the war, sambo wrestling began to develop even faster. Sambo literature began to be published, and then, a little later, it began to be translated into foreign languages. From that time on, sambo wrestling crossed the borders of the USSR and became widespread, and above all in the countries of people's democracy. Successful performances of sambo wrestlers at judo competitions contributed a lot to this. So, in 1963, sambo wrestlers, having competed at the European Judo Championship and fought according to unusual rules for them, nevertheless won first place.

Recently, the President and the Government of Russia have been paying great attention to the development of sports and physical education of the youth of our country. We can say that it has become one of the main directions in the policy of the state.
Sambo wrestling is a national sport in Russia. Perm region one of the leading centers in Russia for the training of highly qualified sambo athletes who successfully defend the honor of our city, region and Motherland in various sports arenas.
A number of athletes from the Kama region have repeatedly become champions and prize-winners of the World, European, USSR and Russian championships. Currently, our region has more than 25 masters of sports international class and Honored Masters of Sports, 10 Honored Coaches of Russia and the USSR. At the Russian championships in 2002, 2003 and 2004. the national team of the Perm region took the team 1st places. Currently, in Russia, our team is on the list of leaders.
The founder of sambo wrestling in the Kama region is Alexander Shirokov, who in 1955 created the sambo section at the Mining Institute (now the Perm State Technical University). Later, he began to develop sambo wrestling in the city of Krasnokamsk, where he moved to live. Leonid Dmitrievich Golev, Hero of the Soviet Union, who came from Leningrad (he was originally from Kudymkar), continued the development of sambo in Perm. He began to work in S.O. Dynamo, then moved to the Polytechnic Institute, where most of his pupils went to study. And since 1961, sambo wrestling began to develop in various teams in the city of Perm and the Perm region. In 1965 in Perm in the Palace of Culture. Sverdlov held the championship of the USSR.
Recently, in Russia and around the world, the combat section of sambo, which is called combat sambo, has been rapidly developing and progressing. Abroad, this species has become wildly popular and is called "COMBAT SAMBO". The popularity of combat sambo is promoted by its staginess, proximity to real conditions, great applied value and, according to experts, the most fair rules in martial arts. The natives of combat sambo are such famous athletes, acting in fights without rules as Fedor Emelianenko, Oleg Taktarov, Sergey Kharitonov.

Federation sports camp
The Sambo Federation camp is located in a picturesque place. There is a coniferous forest around the wall, but the territory of the camp is a rather vast clearing, free from trees and always flooded with sun. The Ashapka River winds right through the territory of the camp, nearby is the place where it flows into the Iren River.
On the territory of the camp, and earlier it was a pioneer camp, there are almost all amenities: water, houses and buildings for living, a gym, a stage, an obstacle course, a warm canteen is in the last stage of construction. The territory of the camp is always clean and tidy, work is constantly underway to improve various facilities. A huge merit in this camp director Sergey Aleksandrovich Novikov,
The popularity of the camp is evidenced by the fact of its fame in various circles: the administration of the Ordinsky district, which actively helps the development of the camp, annually holds gatherings with pre-conscription youth there, and other district-scale events, the administration of the village of Ashap and the leadership of the collective farm "Ural" also provide comprehensive assistance and support, which helps keep the camp running. On the territory of the camp, the championships of Russia in spearfishing and All-Russian festival“Fisherman of the Fisherman”, similar events are planned this summer as well.

A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF SAMBO FIGHTING

November 16, 1938 is considered the official birthday of Sambo, whose birthplace is the Soviet Union. Then an order was issued by the All-Union Committee for Physical Culture and Sports, in which sambo was recognized as an "extremely valuable sport in terms of its variety of techniques and defense significance." The name "sambo" came about as a result of combining the first three letters of the word "sam(protection)" with the initial letters of the words "b(ez) o(ruzhiya)".

Sports connoisseurs consider sambo wrestling to be a synthesis of many national martial arts common in the territory of the former Soviet Union. There are more than twenty folk species wrestling, the roots of which go back to the distant past. Naturally, Sambo, created on the basis of many national types of wrestling in clothes, has a huge arsenal of techniques. It now has thousands of defense and attack techniques successfully used by the Azerbaijani "guleshe", the Armenian "kohe", the Kazakh "ku-rese", the Moldavian "trynta", the Tajik "gushtingiri", the Turkmen "goreshe", the Georgian "chidaoba", the Uzbek "kureshe" and many others. And although they all differ in their special rules, they are united by the fact that they are all held in clothes that have a belt.

The historical prerequisites for the emergence of sambo were formed by the thirties of this century. Having studied many national types of wrestling, taking all the best from them, the experts decided to create a new type of martial arts in clothes. Vasily Sergeevich Oshchepkov, one of the few Europeans who studied at the famous Japanese judo center in Tokyo - Kodokan, should rightfully be considered the founder of sambo wrestling. In the mid-twenties, V. Oshchepkov first organized Far East, then in Novosibirsk, a section on the study of self-defense techniques. He was the first to develop a guide to hand-to-hand combat, conducted courses for the training of instructors in self-defense techniques. Later, while working as a teacher at the Moscow Institute of Physical Culture, V. Oshchepkov brought up a whole galaxy of followers of his work: these are I.V. Vasiliev, N.M. Galkovsky, R.A. Shkolnikov, A.A. Kharlampiev, B.A. Saghatelyan and many others.

V.A. Spiridonov, who worked in the Dynamo sports society. It was V.A. Spiridonov for the first time in 1928 published a book called "Self-defense without weapons."

A. Kharlampiev is rightly considered one of the founders of sambo. He traveled a lot around the country, studying the techniques of national types of wrestling, and then systematized them and wrote study guides which are in great demand among professionals and amateurs. His book Sambo Wrestling11 has been repeatedly republished in our country and translated into many foreign languages. He participated in the training of outstanding domestic athletes. In recognition of his merits, the A. Kharlampiev Memorial has been held in Moscow since 1982, in which foreign sambists also participate.

Since 1966, sambo has received international recognition - it was included in the International Amateur Federation (FILA).

In 1972, the I Open European Championship was held. In eight weight categories, the first places were taken by Soviet athletes and in two - by Japanese. The first European champions were: V. Kyllenen, A Hosh, K. Gerasimov, V. Nevzorov, A. Fedorov, Ch. Ezerskas, N. Nisinaki, N. Sato, S. Novikov, V. Kuznetsov.

The competitions were preceded by an international seminar of judges and coaches, at which Soviet sambists introduced foreigners to the procedure for holding competitions, refereeing rules, techniques, tactics, teaching and training methods, and the history of sambo wrestling.

In 1973, the 1st World Championship was held. It was held in Tehran (Iran). The USSR national team won 9 gold and 1 silver medals. G. Georgadze, A. Shor, M. Yunak, Sh. Chanrav (Mongolia), D. Rudman, A. Fedorov, Ch. Ezerskas, L. Tediashvili, N. Danilov, V. Klivodenko became champions.

In 1985, at the Congress in Bilbao (Spain), the birth of the International Amateur SAMBO Federation (FIAS) was announced. Currently, under the auspices of FIAS, sambo is cultivated in more than 40 countries of the world. American, European and Asian federations have been created. World championships and championships are held annually in all age categories among men and women, personal and team World Cups, European and Asian championships and championships, Pan-American championships, world championships among students, world championship among police and militia, world championship among border guards.

Considering the huge popularity of SAMBO in the world, the Organizing Committee of the 1st World Youth Games included SAMBO in its demonstration program. More than 35 countries from all over the world expressed their desire to take part in these competitions, which were held in the summer of 1999 in Moscow. 2nd place at this representative forum was taken by Yuri Alikin from Perm, who competed in the weight category up to 90 kg.

Currently, the International Olympic Committee is considering the issue of including sambo wrestling in the program of the Olympic Games.