The first year of joining the Komsomol. Lenin Komsomol: the birth of the Komsomol in the USSR
Komsomol
The collapse of the Komsomol: after 20 years.
Why did the VLKSM collapse? How did it happen that a giant youth organization uniting tens of millions of young men and women, possessing huge resources, having representation in the highest structures of state power, could not stand up for itself and crumbled like a house of cards? We are unlikely to get an unambiguous answer to such a question, but still it is worth trying to understand the essence of the processes of 20 years ago.
In the second half of the 1980s, a crisis broke out in the Komsomol, as an integral part of the entire Soviet system. about serious problems in Komsomol organization spoke openly not only in the primary organizations, but also in highest level. So in April 1987, at the XX Congress of the Komsomol, the first secretary of the Komsomol Central Committee V.I. Mironenko publicly stated in his report that "deep contradictions have emerged between the democratic nature of the organization and the bureaucratic methods of leadership, between the desire of young people for something new and forms of work frozen for decades."
Among the causes of the crisis V.I. Mironenko singled out: “a slowdown in economic growth, silence of shortcomings, a residual principle of allocating funds for social needs, a kind of psychology and ideology of stagnation, a gap between word and deed.” Universal set. Today, almost a quarter of a century later, these problems are still relevant.
In a belated attempt to revive the activities of the Komsomol, the 20th Congress adopted a new Charter, which significantly expanded the rights of the primary Komsomol organizations, including in the economic sphere. In addition to this, in August 1988, the Council of Ministers of the USSR, by its Decree, provided the Komsomol with serious tax benefits, which caused a rapid growth of self-supporting youth organizations. By March of the following 1989, about 30 such associations were already operating in the Smolensk region.
Thus, the Komsomol was among the first organizations and economic entities that switched to the principles of full cost accounting and self-financing. We can say that the Komsomol has become a testing ground for the market mechanism in the country. Cities began to create "innovative", as they would say today, platforms for working with youth - Youth Houses. One of them was opened in 1987 in Smolensk. At the same time, the Komsomol was granted the right to nominate its delegates to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. In our region, the first secretary of the regional committee of the Komsomol, Alexander Trudolyubov, became such.
It would seem that here it is - the democratic "perestroika" of the Komsomol, is in full swing. But she did not stop the crisis. Clear evidence of this was the inexorable reduction in the size of the Komsomol organization at all levels. From 1989 to 1990, the Union was reduced by almost 4 million people, in 1989, 58 thousand organizations did not accept a single person into the Komsomol. The ranks of the Smolensk regional organization of the Komsomol from 1986 to 1990, according to reports, decreased from 130.8 thousand to 68.6 thousand boys and girls. The real picture was even worse.
The first "swallow" of the direct collapse of the Komsomol was the Communist Youth Union of Lithuania, which in 1989 declared its independence. In the same year, the Estonian Komsomol separated. Further more. By 1990, the issue of organizational formalization of the now Russian Komsomol was on the agenda. As a result, at the first congress of the Komsomol organizations of the RSFSR, held in February 1990, the Komsomol of the RSFSR was formed, however, it is still part of the Komsomol.
But it has already been said from the podium that it is time to reorganize the “united and indivisible” VLKSM into a federation of independent Komsomol organizations, which was done two months later, at the 21st Extraordinary Congress. New model The Komsomol also demanded a change in the previous relationship with the party, and the VLKSM finally declared its full political independence. As a result, the Komsomol was far ahead of the Communist Party and many public organizations in the "democratization" of union work. V.M. was elected the first secretary of the Komsomol Central Committee at this congress. Zyukin.
During preparation XXI Congress The Komsomol Central Committee still believed that there were alternative ideas for the development of the Komsomol: in the form of a movement of political clubs, a movement of scientific and technical creativity of youth, youth housing complexes, student construction teams, an environmental movement, etc. But after the August events of 1991, the Central Committee sharply headed for the elimination youth Komsomol as an All-Union organization.
Everything was decided at the XXII Extraordinary Congress of the Komsomol, convened in Moscow in September 1991. According to the recollections of the participants, this congress was unlike any of the previous ones: "there were no orders, no white bust of Ilyich on the stage, no traditional pioneer greeting." In his report, V. M. Zyukin stated: “The old system has been destroyed, and together with it, the organization that was an element of the system must leave political existence. The existence of the Komsomol even in new clothes is objectively impossible.” The fate of the Komsomol was a foregone conclusion, although the argumentation of this conclusion was very unconvincing, and many things caused bewilderment.
The only issue that was actively discussed at the congress was the further fate of Komsomol property. The Bureau of the Central Committee of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League proposed its own version: the subjects of the federation and local organizations become the legal successor of the Komsomol, among which the distribution of most of property. On this they agreed: reorganization through separation.
The real property of the Komsomol was transferred to the balance sheet of the Sodruzhestvo-91 enterprise for joint shared ownership and use by the labor collectives of enterprises, editorial offices, and organizations. Cash were distributed among 23 successors, based on the number of members of the youth union. The apparatus of the Central Committee was abolished. The Congress adopted the Agreement on the establishment of the Coordinating Council, which was instructed to conduct negotiations on cooperation between youth organizations for 10 months independent states with a view to the possible creation of an inter-republican youth structure. But no real action was taken to this end.
The last attempt to save the Komsomol was made by the Russian delegates to the congress. They gathered in Moscow in October 1991 at the first conference of the Komsomol of Russia, at which it was decided to create a new, now non-political, non-governmental and non-profit organization on the basis of the Komsomol of the RSFSR, namely, Russian Union Youth. He became the legal successor of the Komsomol in Russia.
Thus ended the history of the All-Union Leninist Communist Youth Union, an organization whose name has been associated with the youth of many generations since 1918.Valentin Semenov,
Head of the Museum of the History of the Youth Movement
at Soyuz DM LLC (Youth House)
Approved by the XX Congress of the Komsomol
All-Union
Leninsky
communist
Youth
The All-Union Leninist Communist Youth Union is an amateur socio-political organization that unites the advanced part of the Soviet youth.
The VLKSM is an active assistant and reliable reserve of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. The Komsomol works under the leadership of the Party, sees the meaning of its activity in the implementation of the Program of the CPSU, which defines the tasks of the systematic and comprehensive improvement of socialism, the further advancement of Soviet society towards communism on the basis of accelerating the socio-economic development of the country.
The main task of the Komsomol is to educate active, conscious builders of a new society, devoted to the ideals of communism and the socialist Motherland.
Lenin Komsomol in accordance with the Constitution of the USSR, it is an integral part of the political system of Soviet society, participates in the management of state and public affairs, in solving political, economic and socio-cultural issues.
The VLKSM expresses the interests of young people, defends the rights granted to them by the Soviet state.
For the VLKSM, Lenin's commandment to learn communism is unshakable, "... to be a shock group that provides its assistance in any work, shows its initiative, its initiative."
The Komsomol builds its work on the basis of strict observance of the principles of democratic centralism, collective leadership, all-round development of intra-union democracy, creative activity, initiative and self-activity of Komsomol members, criticism and self-criticism, and broad publicity.
The strength of the Komsomol is in the unity of its ranks, based on ideological conviction, selfless devotion to the party, organization and discipline of the members of the Komsomol. The Komsomol is exempt from persons who violate the Charter of the Komsomol, compromising their behavior high rank Komsomol member.
The All-Union Leninist Communist Youth Union is an active participant in the international democratic youth movement. The Komsomol is consistently guided by the Marxist-Leninist principles of proletarian, socialist internationalism, deepens interaction with youth organizations of fraternal socialist countries, actively promotes the development of cooperation between communist, democratic and other youth unions of various orientations in the struggle against imperialism and militarism, for peace and disarmament, democracy and social progress, ensuring the inalienable rights of youth, participates in the movement of solidarity with the peoples and youth fighting for national and social release.
MEMBERS OF THE VLKSM,
THEIR DUTIES AND RIGHTS
1. Any young person of the Soviet Union between the ages of 11 and 28 who recognizes the Charter of the Komsomol, actively participates in the construction of communism, works in one of the Komsomol organizations, fulfills the decisions of the Komsomol and pays membership fees can be a member of the Komsomol.
2. A member of the Komsomol is obliged:
a) to be an active fighter for the implementation of the Program of the CPSU and the decisions of the Party, to work among the masses of young people, to serve as a model for the fulfillment of civic duty;
b) set an example in work, study, military service to protect socialist property, actively participate in accelerating scientific and technological progress, protecting the environment, improve their qualifications, observe labor and state discipline;
c) creatively and continuously master Marxist-Leninist theory and knowledge, resolutely fight against any manifestations of bourgeois ideology, religious prejudices and other views and customs alien to the socialist way of life;
d) to help strengthen the friendship of the peoples of the USSR, fraternal ties with the youth of the countries of the socialist community, with all the progressive youth of the planet, and actively fight for peace;
e) to study the history of the Fatherland, to be a patriot of the Soviet Motherland, to strengthen the defense power of the USSR, to study military affairs, to temper oneself physically;
f) strictly observe the norms of communist morality, uphold social justice, put public interests above personal ones, be honest, modest, sensitive and attentive to people who are irreconcilable to violations of socialist legality, and promote a healthy, sober lifestyle by personal example;
h) boldly reveal shortcomings and seek to eliminate them, oppose window dressing, bureaucracy and formalism, develop criticism and self-criticism, fight any attempts to suppress criticism.
3. A member of the Komsomol has the right:
a) to nominate, elect and be elected to Komsomol bodies;
b) to discuss at Komsomol meetings, conferences, congresses, meetings of Komsomol committees, meetings of activists and in the youth press issues of the work of the Komsomol, make proposals, openly express their opinion and defend it until the organization makes a decision;
c) to criticize at Komsomol meetings, conferences, congresses, plenums of committees any Komsomol body, any Komsomol member, regardless of his position;
d) apply to the Komsomol organization with a request to recommend him for entry into the CPSU;
e) personally participate in Komsomol meetings, meetings of bureaus and committees when discussing the issue of his activities or behavior;
f) apply with questions, statements and proposals to any committee of the Komsomol, up to the PC of the Komsomol, and demand an answer on the merits of their appeal.
4. Admission to the Komsomol is carried out in strict individually exclusively on a voluntary basis. Komsomol organization helps young man prepare for entry into the Komsomol, tests his personal qualities in practical affairs, the fulfillment of Komsomol and public assignments.
The procedure for admission to the members of the Komsomol:
a) those who become members of the Komsomol submit recommendations of two Komsomol members with at least one year of experience in the Komsomol, or a recommendation of one member of the CPSU who knows those who are recommended for joint study, work and social work for at least six months. Pioneers entering the Komsomol submit a recommendation from the council of the pioneer team, which is equivalent to the recommendation of one member of the Komsomol. Recommenders are responsible for their recommendation, help those who have joined the Komsomol to get involved in the life of the primary organization;
b) the issue of admission to the Komsomol is discussed and decided by the general meeting of the primary organization or organization with the rights of the primary; the decision is considered adopted if at least two-thirds of the members of the Komsomol who were present at the meeting voted for it. The decision of an organization with the rights of a primary organization on admission to the Komsomol comes into force after the approval of the primary organization by the committee of the Komsomol. Based on the decision of the primary organization, the district committee or city committee of the Komsomol decides on issuing a Komsomol ticket to the Komsomol member who joined the Komsomol.
Admission to the Komsomol is carried out, as a rule, at open meetings.
Note. If there is no primary Komsomol organization at a school, enterprise, collective farm, or institution, then those joining the Komsomol apply directly to the district committee or city committee of the Komsomol. The question of admission to the Komsomol in this case can be considered at the bureau of the district committee (city committee) or by its decision in that primary organization where the members of the Komsomol know the applicant;
c) the Komsomol experience of those who joined the ranks of the Komsomol is calculated from the date of the decision of the meeting of the Komsomol organization on admission to the Komsomol.
A member of the Komsomol carefully keeps the Komsomol card, wears the Komsomol badge as a symbol of his belonging to the All-Union Leninist Communist Youth Union.
5. Members of the Komsomol who have reached the age of 28 leave the Komsomol if they are not elected to Komsomol bodies, are not in Komsomol work, and are not pioneer leaders.
Note. Stay in the Komsomol at the request of a member of the Komsomol may be extended by the decision of the primary Komsomol organization for up to two years.
6. In accordance with the Charter of the CPSU, the Komsomol recommends the most deserving Komsomol members to the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. The issue of recommending members of the Komsomol for joining the party is considered in the primary Komsomol organization. On her recommendation, the decision to recommend a Komsomol member to the party is made by the district committee or city committee of the Komsomol. Komsomol organizations and committees are responsible for recommending Komsomol members to the party.
Members of the Komsomol admitted to the CPSU leave the Komsomol from the moment they join the Party, unless they are members of elected Komsomol bodies and are not employed by the Komsomol.
7. The procedure for registering Komsomol members is determined by the Central Committee of the Komsomol. Leaving the organization without being removed from the Komsomol register, as well as untimely registration, are a gross violation of intra-union discipline. Members of the Komsomol who violate the accounting procedure are subject to strict Komsomol liability.
8. Komsomol bodies control the timeliness of payment of Komsomol membership fees. The issue of a Komsomol member who has not paid dues for three months is subject to discussion in the primary Komsomol organization, and in the absence of valid reasons, he is brought to Komsomol responsibility, up to and including exclusion from the ranks of the Komsomol.
9. A member of the Komsomol for failure to comply with statutory requirements and other misconduct is brought to Komsomol responsibility. For minor offenses, measures of education and influence in the form of comradely criticism, warnings or instructions should be applied. Penalties may be imposed on a Komsomol member: staging, reprimand or severe reprimand, reprimand or severe reprimand with entry in the registration card. The extreme measure of punishment is exclusion from the Komsomol.
A Komsomol member who has committed a misdemeanor is primarily responsible for it before the primary Komsomol organization. In the event that a member of the Komsomol is brought to Komsomol responsibility, a higher body informs the primary organization about this.
The question of the exclusion of a Komsomol member from the Komsomol is discussed and decided by the general meeting of the primary organization or organization with the rights of the primary; The decision is considered adopted if at least two-thirds of the Komsomol members present at the meeting voted for it. The decision of an organization with the rights of a primary organization to be expelled from the Komsomol is subject to approval by the committee of the Komsomol of the primary organization. Persons brought to criminal responsibility are excluded from the VLKSM.
When considering the issue of bringing a member of the Komsomol to Komsomol responsibility, maximum attention and objectivity should be ensured. Not later than six months after the issuance of a penalty to a member of the Komsomol, the Komsomol organization hears him about how he corrects the shortcomings.
10. The issue of bringing to Komsomol responsibility members, candidate members of the Central Committee of the Komsomol, the Central Committee of the Komsomol of the union republic, the regional committee, the regional committee, the district committee, the city committee, the district committee of the Komsomol, as well as members of the audit commissions, is discussed in the primary organizations, and decisions to impose penalties on them are made in the usual way. The relevant elected body is informed about these decisions.
Proposals of Komsomol organizations to expel members of elected bodies from the VLKSM are communicated to the relevant committees of the Komsomol, of which they are members. Decisions on the exclusion from the Komsomol of members, candidate members of the Central Committee of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League, the Central Committee of the Young Communist League of a union republic, the regional committee, the regional committee, the district committee, the city committee, the district committee of the Komsomol and members of the audit commissions are taken at the plenum of the corresponding committee by a two-thirds majority of its members.
11. For those expelled from the Komsomol and a member of the Komsomol, on whom a penalty has been imposed, the right to appeal to higher Komsomol bodies, up to the Central Committee of the Komsomol, is retained within two months. Appeals are considered by the relevant Komsomol bodies within a period of not more than one month from the date of their receipt.
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE VLKSM.
INTER-KOMSOMOL DEMOCRACY
12. The guiding principle of the organizational structure, life and activities of the Komsomol is democratic centralism, which means:
a) the election of all leading bodies of the Komsomol from top to bottom;
b) periodic reporting of Komsomol bodies to their Komsomol organizations and to higher bodies;
c) strict Komsomol discipline and subordination of the minority to the majority;
d) unconditional binding of decisions of higher Komsomol bodies for lower ones;
e) collectivity in the work of all organizations and leading bodies of the Komsomol and the personal responsibility of each member of the Komsomol for the fulfillment of their duties and Komsomol assignments.
Unity in the implementation of the general line and tasks of the Komsomol presupposes the broad initiative of all organizations, independence in the choice of forms and methods for their implementation.
13. The VLKSM is built on a territorial-production basis: primary organizations are created at the place of work or study of Komsomol members and are combined into district, city and other organizations by territory. The organization that unites Komsomol members of a given territory is superior to all of its constituent Komsomol organizations.
14. The supreme governing body of the Komsomol organization is: for the primary - the general meeting, conference; for district, city, district, regional, regional - conference; for the Komsomol of the union republic and the Komsomol - the congress. Meetings, conferences, congresses are eligible with the participation of more than half of the members of the Komsomol organization or elected delegates.
15. The general meeting, conference or congress elects a committee, which is the executive body and directs all the current work of the Komsomol organization.
At the congresses of the Komsomol, the Komsomol of the union republics, conferences of regional, regional, district, city, district Komsomol organizations, audit commissions are elected.
The quantitative composition of the Komsomol bodies is established by the general meeting, conference or congress.
Elections of Komsomol bodies in the primary organizations and delegates to the conference of primary, district, city organizations are held by open voting; with the consent of the majority of participants in the meeting, conference, they can be held by closed (secret) voting. Elections of district, city, district, regional, regional, republican and central Komsomol bodies, as well as delegates to city (with district division), district, regional, regional conferences and congresses are held by closed (secret) voting.
The nomination of candidates to the Komsomol bodies is carried out on a broad democratic basis, as a rule, with their preliminary discussion in lower Komsomol organizations.
Komsomol members during elections have the right to nominate any number of candidates, challenge them and criticize them. Voting should be carried out for each candidate separately. Candidates for whom more than half of the participants in the meeting, conference or congress voted are considered elected.
During the elections of all Komsomol bodies, the principle of systematic renewal of their composition and succession of leadership is observed.
16. In the governing Komsomol body, all its members are endowed with equal rights. They must actively participate in the work of the elected body, serve as an example for the members of the Komsomol in fulfilling their civic duty, the Charter of the Komsomol, implement the instructions of the Komsomol members, and systematically report to them on their activities.
If a member of the Komsomol body does not fulfill these requirements, does not justify the confidence of the members of the Komsomol, he can be removed from its membership at the initiative of this body or at the request of lower committees of the Komsomol and primary organizations.
The question of the withdrawal of a member, a candidate member of the Central Committee of the Komsomol, the Central Committee of the Komsomol of a union republic, the regional committee, the regional committee, the district committee, the city committee, the district committee from the composition of the Komsomol body is decided by an open vote at the plenum of the corresponding committee. In the primary organization, the issue of withdrawing a committee member is decided at a general meeting or at a committee meeting if he was elected at a conference. The decision is considered adopted if at least two thirds of the votes of the members of the committee or organization are in favor of it during the voting.
The issue of withdrawing members of the Central Auditing Commission of the Komsomol and auditing commissions of local Komsomol organizations from these commissions is decided at their meetings in the manner prescribed for members and candidates for members of Komsomol committees.
Members of elected Komsomol bodies who have lost contact with them due to a change in place of work or residence may be removed from these bodies.
17. In the event of the departure of members of an elected body, its composition is replenished from among the candidates for members of this committee. On the proposals of the Central Committee of the Komsomol of the union republics, regional committees, regional committees, district committees, city committees, district committees of the Komsomol, primary organizations, Komsomol members, young communists who are not candidates for membership in this body can also be introduced into the corresponding higher elected bodies. The decision to introduce them is made by open voting at the plenary session of the relevant committee of the Komsomol by a two-thirds majority of its members. At the same time, the composition of the elected body cannot be renewed by more than one third.
18. The Central Committee of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League, the Central Committee of the Young Communist League of the union republic, the regional, regional, district, city, district committee of the Komsomol elects a bureau to manage the work between plenums, including secretaries of the committee.
Elections of members of the bureau, secretaries of the Central Committee of the Komsomol, the Central Committee of the Komsomol of the Union republics, regional committees, regional committees, district committees, city committees, district committees of the Komsomol are held at the plenums of the relevant committees. By decision of the committee, elections can be held both by open and closed (secret) voting.
19. In the Central Committee of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League, the Central Committee of the Young Communist League of the Union republics, regional committees, regional committees, district committees, city committees, district committees of the Komsomol for the current work on organizing and verifying the implementation of decisions, providing assistance to lower organizations and ensuring the activities of the elected body, an apparatus is created. The structure and staff of the Komsomol apparatus are determined in accordance with the procedure established by the Central Committee of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League.
Elected Komsomol bodies direct the activities of the relevant apparatus, its employees, carry out their certification. The workers of the apparatus systematically report on their activities in the Komsomol organizations.
20. The expansion and deepening of intra-union democracy is the basis for increasing the creative activity, initiative and initiative of Komsomol organizations and members of the Komsomol, the unity and cohesion of the Komsomol ranks, and strengthening conscious Komsomol discipline.
An open and business-like discussion of questions of Komsomol work in the Komsomol, in all its organizations under conditions of openness, free criticism and self-criticism, is the most important principle of intra-union democracy.
In the Komsomol and its organizations, discussions may be held on controversial or insufficiently clear questions. The general Komsomol discussion is held at the initiative of the Central Committee of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League or at the suggestion of several republican, regional, regional Komsomol organizations.
21. The Central Committee of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League develops instructions in strict accordance with the Charter of the Komsomol, which are approved at the plenum of the Central Committee of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League after a preliminary discussion in the Komsomol organizations.
22. The highest principle of the Komsomol leadership is collectivity - an indispensable condition for the establishment of the Leninist style in work, right upbringing personnel, a reliable guarantee against mistakes and violations of the norms of intra-union life. Collective leadership implies personal responsibility for the task assigned.
23. The Central Committee of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League, the Central Committee of the Young Communist League of the union republics, regional committees, regional committees, district committees, city committees, district committees, Komsomol committees of primary organizations during the period between congresses, conferences, reporting and election meetings systematically inform Komsomol organizations about their work, about the implementation of critical comments and proposals of Komsomol members .
An immutable rule for Komsomol committees and primary organizations is also the objective and timely informing of higher Komsomol bodies about their activities.
24. To discuss the decisions of the party and the Komsomol, to develop practical measures for their implementation, meetings of the Komsomol activists of district, city, district, regional, regional and republican Komsomol organizations may be convened.
25. Komsomol committees may create councils, commissions and working groups for various issues Komsomol work, as well as to use other forms of involving members of the Komsomol in the activities of Komsomol bodies on a voluntary basis.
26. Komsomol, each republican, regional, regional, district, city, district, as well as on the basis of the decision of the Central Committee of the Komsomol individual primary Komsomol organizations have the Red Banner as a symbol of their honor and devotion to the socialist Fatherland.
27. The Central Committee of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League, Komsomol committees establish Komsomol awards, use them to encourage the best Komsomol organizations and members of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League.
THE HIGHEST BODIES OF THE KOMSOMOL
28. The supreme body of the All-Union Leninist Communist Youth Union is the Congress of the Komsomol. Regular congresses are convened by the Central Committee at least once every five years. The convocation of the congress and the order of the day are announced no later than three months before the congress. The norms of representation at the congress of the Komsomol are established by the Central Committee of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League.
a) hears, discusses and approves the reports of the Central Committee of the Komsomol and the Central Audit Commission of the Komsomol;
b) revise, amend and approve the Charter of the Komsomol;
c) determines the general line of work and the immediate tasks of the Komsomol;
d) elects the Central Committee of the Komsomol and the Central Audit Commission of the Komsomol.
30. During the period between congresses, the Central Committee of the Komsomol directs all the work of the Komsomol, local Komsomol bodies, the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. I. Lenin, represents the Komsomol in state and public organizations, cooperates with them, expressing the interests of young people, implements the right of legislative initiatives, - carries out the selection, placement and training of leading Komsomol personnel, approves the editorial office of the central body - the newspaper " TVNZ”, the editors of other publications of the Komsomol Central Committee, creates various bodies, institutions and enterprises of the Komsomol and directs their activities, distributes the funds of the Komsomol budget and controls its implementation.
The Central Committee, on behalf of the Komsomol, maintains contacts with foreign youth organizations.
31. The Central Auditing Commission of the Komsomol audits compliance with the established procedure for handling cases, the work of considering letters, applications and complaints in the central bodies of the Komsomol, the correct execution of the Komsomol budget, including the payment, acceptance and accounting of membership fees, as well as the financial and economic activities of enterprises and institutions of the Central Committee of the Komsomol.
32. The Plenum of the Central Committee of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League is convened at least once every six months. The convocation of the plenum and the order of the day are announced, as a rule, no later than a month before the plenum.
Candidates for members of the Central Committee of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League participate in the work of the plenum with the right of an advisory vote.
33. The Central Committee of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League elects the Bureau of the Central Committee to manage the work of the Komsomol between plenums of the Central Committee and the Secretariat to manage the current work, organize control and verify the implementation of decisions made.
34. During the period between congresses of the Komsomol, the Central Committee of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League, as necessary, may convene an All-Union Komsomol Conference to discuss pressing issues of the Komsomol. The procedure for its implementation is determined by the Central Committee of the Komsomol.
REPUBLICAN, REGIONAL, REGIONAL,
DISTRICT, CITY, REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
Komsomol, their governing bodies
35. Republican, regional, regional, district, city, district Komsomol organizations and their committees work under the leadership of the relevant party organizations, organize the implementation of the decisions of the congresses of the All-Union Leninist Communist Youth Union and the Central Committee of the Komsomol.
36. The main duties of the republican, territorial, regional, district, city and district organizations of the Komsomol, their governing bodies are:
a) political, educational and organizational work among boys and girls, timely response and influence on the processes taking place in the youth environment;
b) organizational and political strengthening, development of the initiative and initiative of lower Komsomol organizations, providing them with practical assistance, summarizing and promoting best practices, directing the work of the relevant pioneer organizations, distributing Komsomol budget funds in their organization;
c) interaction with the Councils people's deputies, trade unions, other state and public organizations in solving problems of the communist education of the youth;
d) promoting the development of a socially significant amateur youth movement, interest associations, increasing the responsibility of members of the Komsomol, who are members of associations, for the content of their work;
e) the selection, placement, training and education of Komsomol cadres, the formation of innovative thinking in them, the need for lively work among young people.
37. The supreme body of a republican, krai, oblast, okrug, city, district Komsomol organization is the congress of the Komsomol of the union republic, the conference of the krai, oblast, okrug, city, district Komsomol organization, and in the period between them, the appropriate committee of the Komsomol.
38. The next congress of the Komsomol of a union republic is convened at least once every five years, the next conference of the regional, regional, district, city, district Komsomol organization - once every two to three years. They convene congresses and conferences, establish the norms for representation at them by the relevant committees of the Komsomol.
Congresses and conferences hear the reports of Komsomol committees and audit commissions, discuss at their own discretion other questions of the activities of Komsomol organizations, elect Komsomol committees and audit commissions, delegates to conferences or congresses of the corresponding higher organizations.
39. The Central Committee of the Komsomol of the union republic, the regional, regional committee directs the district, city, district Komsomol organizations. Komsomol organizations of the autonomous republics, as well as autonomous and other regions that are part of the union republics and territories, work under the leadership of the Central Committee of the Komsomol of the union republics, the regional committees of the Komsomol.
The district, city, district committee creates primary Komsomol organizations, manages their activities, keeps records of the members of the Komsomol.
Audit commissions of republican, krai, oblast, okrug, city, district Komsomol organizations operate on the basis of the Regulations approved by the Central Committee of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League, under the leadership of higher committees of the Komsomol.
40. The Central Committee of the Komsomol of a union republic, the regional committee elects the bureau, including the secretaries of the committee. The secretaries of these committees must have a Komsomol experience of at least three years; they must be members of the CPSU. Secretariats are set up in the Central Committee of the Komsomol of the union republics, regional committees, and regional committees of the Komsomol to consider current issues and check the execution. At the plenums of the committees, the chairmen of the councils of pioneer organizations, the heads of departments of these committees, and also, at their discretion, other Komsomol cadres are approved.
The Central Committee of the Komsomol of the union republics, the regional committees, a number of regional committees and city committees of the Komsomol, which have printed organs, approve the editors of Komsomol, pioneer newspapers and magazines at plenums.
41. The district, city, district committee elects the bureau, including the secretaries of the committee, and also approves the chairman of the council of the pioneer organization, heads of departments of the committee.
For the secretaries of the district, city, district committee, a Komsomol experience of at least two years is obligatory, they must be members or candidate members of the CPSU.
Note. In some cases, members of the Komsomol who are not members or candidates for membership of the CPSU may be elected second secretaries and secretaries of district committees, city committees, district committees of the Komsomol.
42. The plenum of the Central Committee of the Komsomol of a union republic, the regional, regional, district, city (with district division) committee of the Komsomol is convened at least once every six months, the plenum of the city (without district division), the district committee of the Komsomol - at least once every four months .
43. Candidates for members of the Central Committee of the Komsomol of a union republic, the territorial, regional, district, city, district committees of the Komsomol participate in the work of the plenums of the relevant committees with an advisory vote.
PRIMARY ORGANIZATIONS OF THE KOMSOMOL
44. The basis of the Komsomol are the primary organizations.
Primary Komsomol organizations are created at the place of work or study of members of the Komsomol - at factories, factories, state farms and other enterprises, collective farms, parts of the Armed Forces, institutions, educational institutions, etc., if there are at least three Komsomol members.
In some cases, with the permission of the Central Committee of the Komsomol of a union republic, the regional committee, the regional committee of the Komsomol, primary organizations can be created within the framework of several enterprises that are part of Production Association and located, as a rule, on the territory of a district or several districts of one city. If necessary, territorial primary Komsomol organizations can also be created in remote, hard-to-reach settlements and at the place of residence of Komsomol members.
45. Komsomol committees may create temporary Komsomol organizations in Komsomol youth labor associations, youth hostels, interest associations, etc.
Provisional Komsomol organizations are called upon to unite and rally Komsomol members, to exert an ideological influence on the youth collectives in which they are created. Komsomol meetings in these organizations are held as needed.
46. In a primary Komsomol organization with 20 or more members of the Komsomol, by decision of the Komsomol committee, Komsomol organizations can be created for shops, shifts, sections, farms, brigades, departments, faculties, courses, study groups, classes, etc., granting them the rights of a primary organization.
Komsomol groups may be created in primary Komsomol organizations and organizations with the rights of a primary one, numbering less than 20 members of the VLKSM.
47. The supreme body of the primary Komsomol organization is the Komsomol meeting, which is held at least once a month. In Komsomol organizations that have workshop, brigade, course and other organizations with rights. primary, meetings, both general and in organizations with primary rights, are held at least once every two months.
In the primary Komsomol organizations with more than 300 members of the Komsomol, and in the organizations of collective farms and state farms - more than 100 Komsomol members, the general meeting is convened as necessary within the time limits established by the Komsomol committees or at the request of several organizations with primary rights. Where the convocation of general meetings is difficult for production reasons or because of territorial disunity, Komsomol meetings in some cases can be held in shifts, workshops, courses, etc., with a single agenda.
48. To conduct current work for a period of one year, the primary Komsomol organization elects a committee, an organization with primary rights - a bureau, a Komsomol group - a group committee. In a primary organization and an organization with the rights of a primary one, numbering less than 10 members of the Komsomol, a secretary of the Komsomol organization and his deputy are elected.
In the primary Komsomol organizations of enterprises and institutions with more than 300 members of the Komsomol, and in the organizations of collective farms and state farms - more than 100 Komsomol members, Komsomol committees can be elected for a period of two to three years.
49. Komsomol committees of primary organizations, depending on their size, production and territorial characteristics, by decision of the Komsomol Central Committee, may be granted the rights of the Komsomol district committee on recommendations for joining the CPSU, keeping records of Komsomol members and issuing Komsomol tickets. These committees may be elected for a term of two to three years.
Note. In some cases, by decision of the Central Committee of the Komsomol in the most large organizations with the rights of the primary instead of the bureau, committees of the Komsomol can be elected with the granting of the rights of the district committee of the Komsomol to them.
50. Komsomol committees with the rights of a district committee may be elected in expanded membership; a bureau is formed to manage the current work in them. Meetings of these committees are held as needed, but at least once every three months.
51. The primary Komsomol organization operates under the leadership of the corresponding party organization. It works directly among young people, rallying them around the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, carrying out party guidelines in all spheres of industrial and social life, organizing the implementation of Komsomol decisions, developing the initiative and initiative of Komsomol members in every possible way, and working with pioneers.
Primary Komsomol organization:
a) accepts new members to the Komsomol, bears responsibility to the Komsomol for worthy replenishment of its ranks;
b) educates Komsomol members in the spirit of selfless devotion to the socialist Motherland, ideological conviction, communist morality, worthy citizens of Soviet society;
c) assists young men and women in studying Marxist-Leninist theory in close connection with the practice of communist construction, wages an uncompromising struggle against any manifestations of bourgeois ideology, backward views and moods;
d) mobilizes Komsomol members and youth to solve the problems of economic and social development, draws them into socialist emulation, takes care of preserving and multiplying social wealth, raising educational level, professional skills, economic knowledge of boys and girls, seeks to strengthen labor discipline among young people;
e) actively participates in the life and management of the affairs of an enterprise, collective farm, institution, educational institution develops in young people the skills of socialist self-government, instills in boys and girls intolerance towards shortcomings, towards everything that contradicts the principle of social justice;
f) acts as an organizer of free time for boys and girls, involves them in scientific, technical and artistic creativity, physical education and sports, tourism, seeks the establishment of a healthy, sober lifestyle, works with young people at the place of residence, takes care of strengthening a young family;
g) involves Komsomol members in military-patriotic work, participates in the preparation of young men for service in the ranks of the Armed Forces of the USSR, educates young people in the spirit of constant readiness to the defense of the great gains of socialism;
h) leads individual work with every young person, strengthens Komsomol discipline, forms the responsibility of the members of the Komsomol for belonging to the Lenin Komsomol, for strict observance of the Charter of the Komsomol.
52. The Komsomol group puts into practice the decisions of the Komsomol bodies, builds its work on the basis of the tasks facing the production or educational team. It helps every young person in work, study and military service, takes care of organizing his life and leisure, creating an atmosphere of friendship, comradeship, exactingness, mutual assistance and cohesion in the group, acts as an initiator of useful deeds, supervises the implementation of public assignments by members of the Komsomol. Meetings in the Komsomol group are held as needed.
KOMSOMOL ORGANIZATIONS
IN THE ARMED FORCES OF THE USSR
53. The Komsomol organizations in the Armed Forces of the USSR are guided by the Charter of the Komsomol and work on the basis of the Instructions of the Central Committee. Komsomol and Chief political management Soviet army and Navy, under the direct supervision political bodies, deputy commanders for political affairs and party organizations.
Komsomol organizations of the Armed Forces rally young soldiers around the CPSU, educate them in the spirit of the ideas of Marxism-Leninism, courage, courage and heroism, Soviet patriotism, proletarian, socialist internationalism, selfless devotion and constant readiness to defend the socialist Motherland, the achievements of socialism. They help commanders, political agencies and party organizations in every possible way in raising the combat readiness of troops, strengthening military discipline, mobilizing young people for the successful fulfillment of the tasks of combat and political training, mastering new technology and weapons, impeccable performance of his military duty, orders and orders of command.
54. Komsomol organizations of the Armed Forces actively contribute to strengthening the unity of the army and the people, maintain close ties with local Komsomol organizations, help them in the military-patriotic education of the younger generation, mass defense work and the preparation of young people for military service, participate in the work of local committees of the Komsomol.
KOMSOMOL AND ALL-UNION PIONEER ORGANIZATION
NAMED AFTER V.I. LENIN
55. All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. I. Lenin - a mass amateur communist organization of children and adolescents of the Soviet Union.
The goal of the pioneer organization is to educate young fighters for the cause of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. The pioneer organization in Soviet society includes children and adolescents in the practice of communist construction, promotes the all-round development of the personality, forming an active civic position of young Leninists, and prepares worthy replenishment of the Komsomol.
The Pioneer Organization operates on the basis of the Regulations on the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. I. Lenin, approved by the Central Committee of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League.
56. Komsomol, on behalf of the Communist Party, directs the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. I. Lenin.
The Central Committee of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League, republican, regional, regional, district, city, district organizations of the Komsomol as the leading bodies in relation to the pioneer organization, in accordance with its goals and objectives, develop prospects for activity, analyze and evaluate the work of pioneer organizations, mobilize all Komsomol detachments for practical participation in education of pioneers, create the necessary conditions for pioneer and extracurricular activities with children and teenagers.
The Central Committee of the Komsomol creates the Central Council of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. I. Lenin, republican, regional, regional, district, city, district committees of the Komsomol - the corresponding councils of pioneer organizations that unite representatives of state, public organizations and assist the Komsomol committees in carrying out all work with pioneers.
57. On behalf of the Komsomol, senior pioneer leaders conduct direct work in pioneer squads, and detachment leaders in detachments. Komsomol bodies carry out the selection, training, education of counselors, evaluate their activities, take care of working conditions. Komsomol committees participate in the selection and training of leaders of circles, sections, clubs and other associations of pioneers.
58. Central Committee of the Komsomol and the Central Council of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. I. Lenin, Central Committee. The Young Communist League of the union republics, a number of regional committees of the Komsomol, together with the relevant councils of the pioneer organization, publish pioneer newspapers and magazines, literature necessary for children.
Komsomol and state,
PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS
59. In accordance with its statutory tasks, the VLKSM builds its activities in cooperation with state and public organizations.
The Komsomol, represented by its all-Union and republican bodies, uses the right of legislative initiative. Komsomol bodies and organizations take part in the nationwide discussion of draft laws of the USSR and submit proposals on them that express the interests of young people and contribute to a more complete satisfaction of their spiritual and material needs.
60. Komsomol committees interact with the Soviets of People's Deputies in solving the problems of the communist education of young people, involving them in the management of state and public affairs. Komsomol organizations participate in the nomination of candidates for deputies, the preparation and conduct of elections to the Soviets of People's Deputies, and assist Komsomol members elected deputies in the performance of their duties.
The Komsomol organs actively cooperate with the commissions on youth affairs of the Soviets of People's Deputies, and together with them participate in resolving issues related to the life of young men and women.
61. Komsomol committees cooperate with ministries and departments and their local bodies.
Komsomol organizations work in close contact with the councils of labor collectives and, in accordance with the law, participate in the management of labor and educational collectives. They enjoy the right of broad initiative in discussing and raising before the appropriate party organizations questions relating to the work of enterprises, collective farms, institutions, and educational institutions, and take a direct part in their resolution, especially if they concern work, life, and the education and upbringing of young people.
Komsomol committees, together with party, Soviet, and economic bodies, nominate worthy representatives of the youth for leading work in management, production, science, and culture.
62. Komsomol organizations coordinate their activities with trade union organizations in matters of educating young people on revolutionary, combat, labor and international traditions Soviet people, attracting it to active participation in the work of trade union organizations, in creating conditions for young workers, collective farmers and specialists for highly productive work, improving professional skills and the general educational level, improving educational work among students and students, organizing youth recreation, improving the health of children and adolescents .
63. Komsomol committees, headquarters and posts of the "Komsomol searchlight" interact with the bodies of people's control and law enforcement, ensure the active participation of Komsomol members and youth in the implementation of public and state control, in the fight against violations of laws and principles of the Soviet way of life. Komsomol organizations nominate Komsomol members to committees, groups and posts of people's control, people's squads, comrades' courts, participate in their activities both through their representatives and through joint actions with them.
64. The Komsomol carries out all its activities in the ideological, political, labor and moral education of young people in close cooperation with All-Union Organization veterans of war and labor, the Committee of Soviet Women, DOSAAF and other public organizations, creative unions, voluntary societies and bodies of public amateur performance.
MONEY OF THE KOMSOMOL
65. The funds of the Komsomol and its organizations are made up of membership fees, income from the publication of youth newspapers and magazines, book production, activities of Komsomol organizations, youth tourism, enterprises and institutions of the Komsomol and other income.
Komsomol funds are spent on organizing work among young people, maintaining Komsomol bodies, training and retraining of personnel and activists, propaganda and agitation, international relations, capital construction and other purposes.
The procedure for using Komsomol funds is determined by the Central Committee of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League.
66. Monthly membership fees for members of the Komsomol are established in the following amount:
monthly income:
Up to 50 rubles contribute 10 kopecks.
From 51 to 60 rubles. » 30 kop.
From 61 to 70 rubles. » 35 kop.
From 71 to 80 rubles. » 40 kop.
From 81 to 90 rubles. » 45 kop.
From 91 to 100 rubles. » 50 kop.
From 101 to 150 rubles. » 1.0 percent
Over 150 rubles. » 1.5 percent
monthly income.
Komsomol members who do not have earnings pay membership fees in the amount of 2 kopecks per month.
Note. Members of the Komsomol who are simultaneously members or candidate members of the CPSU are exempted from paying Komsomol contributions.
67. Those joining the Komsomol pay an entrance fee in the amount of two percent of their monthly earnings, and those who do not have earnings - in the amount of 5 kopecks.
I. Members of the Komsomol, their duties and rights
II. The organizational structure of the Komsomol. Intra-Komsomol democracy
III. Supreme bodies of the Komsomol
IV. Republican, territorial, regional, district, city, district organizations of the Komsomol, their governing bodies
V. Primary organizations of the Komsomol
VI. Komsomol organizations in the Armed Forces of the USSR
VII. Komsomol and All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. I. Lenin
VIII. Komsomol and state, public organizations
IX. Komsomol funds
After the victory of the October Revolution, red children's organizations, groups and associations arose in various cities. On May 19, 1922, the 2nd All-Russian Conference of the Komsomol decided to create pioneer detachments everywhere.
In the early years Soviet power pioneers helped homeless children and fought illiteracy, collected books and arranged libraries, engaged in technical circles, looked after animals, went on geological campaigns, on expeditions to study nature, collected medicinal plants. Pioneers worked on collective farms, in the fields, guarded crops and collective farm property, wrote letters to newspapers or to the relevant authorities about violations that they noticed around.
AiF.ru recalls how Soviet time took in the Octobrists, pioneers and who could become a member of the Komsomol.
From what class did they take in October?
Schoolchildren of grades 1-3 became Octobers, united on a voluntary basis in groups with the school's pioneer squad. The groups were led by leaders from among the pioneers or Komsomol members of the school. In these groups, children were preparing to join the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V. I. Lenin.
When joining the ranks of the Octobrists, children were given a badge - a five-pointed star with a child's portrait of Lenin. The symbol was a red October flag.
In honor of the victory of the October Revolution, since 1923, schoolchildren were called "Octobers". The Octobrists were united into stars (an analogue of the pioneer link) - October 5 and another "sickle" and "hammer" - the leader of the stars and his assistant. In an asterisk, an October child could take one of the positions - a commander, a florist, a nurse, a librarian or an athlete.
AT recent decades During the Soviet era, the Octobrists accepted all elementary school students in a row, usually already in the first grade.
Who was accepted as a pioneer?
Schoolchildren aged 9 to 14 were accepted into the pioneer organization. Formally, admission was carried out on a voluntary basis. The selection of candidates was carried out by open voting at a meeting of a pioneer detachment (usually corresponding to the class) or at the highest - at the school level - pioneer body: at the Council of the Squad.
A student joining a pioneer organization on the pioneer line made a Solemn Promise of a Pioneer of the Soviet Union (the text of the promise in the 1980s could be seen on the back cover of school notebooks). A communist, Komsomol member, or senior pioneer presented the newcomer with a red pioneer tie and a pioneer badge. The pioneer tie was a symbol of belonging to a pioneer organization, a particle of its banner. The three ends of the tie symbolized an unbreakable bond. three generations: communists, Komsomol members and pioneers; the pioneer was obliged to take care of his tie and take care of it.
The greeting of the pioneers was a salute - a hand raised just above the head showed that the pioneer puts public interests above personal ones. "Be ready!" - the leader called on the pioneers and heard in response: “Always ready!”
As a rule, pioneers were accepted in a solemn atmosphere during communist holidays in memorable historical and revolutionary places, for example, on April 22 near the monument to V.I. Lenin.
The following punishments were applied to members of the organization who violated the laws of the pioneers of the Soviet Union: discussion at the assembly of the link, detachment, council of the squad; comment; exception warning; as a last resort - exclusion from the pioneer organization. They could be expelled from the pioneers for unsatisfactory behavior and hooliganism.
Collection of scrap metal and waste paper and other types of socially useful work, assistance to elementary school students, participation in military sports "Zarnitsy", classes in circles and, of course, excellent study- that's what pioneer everyday life was filled with.
How did you become members of the Komsomol?
They became Komsomol members from the age of 14. Reception was carried out individually. To apply, you needed a recommendation from a communist or two Komsomol members with at least 10 months of experience. After that, the application could be accepted for consideration in the school Komsomol organization, or they could not be accepted if they did not consider the submitter a worthy figure.
Those whose application was accepted were scheduled an interview with the Komsomol committee (council of Komsomol organizers) and a representative of the district committee. To pass the interview, it was necessary to learn the charter of the Komsomol, the names of the key leaders of the Komsomol and the party, important dates, and most importantly, answer the question: “Why do you want to become a Komsomol member?”.
Any of the members of the committee could ask a tricky question at the trial stage. If the candidate successfully passed the interview, he was handed a Komsomol card, which documented the payment of contributions. Pupils and students paid 2 kopecks. per month, working - one percent of the salary.
They could be expelled from the Komsomol for sloppiness, attending church, for non-payment of membership dues, for family troubles. Exclusion from the organization threatened the lack of a good prospect and a career in the future. The former Komsomol member did not have the right to join the party, go abroad, in some cases he was threatened with dismissal from his job.
Composer Vladimir Dashkevich, author of music for such popular films as "Bumbarash", "Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson", " dog's heart"And many others, the father was repressed, so the student should not even dream of the Komsomol. Dashkevich, however, freely entered the institute, and did not think about membership in the Komsomol during his studies. However, later, while working as a foreman at the factory, Dashkevich was chosen ... to the Komsomol bureau. It was embarrassing for the future composer to admit that he was not a member of the Komsomol, and he kept silent. For some time, before leaving for the Gnessin Institute, Vladimir Sergeevich even headed the factory brigade of communist labor. President of the Association of Stuntmen of Russia, producer, actor and film director Alexander Inshakov was only a pioneer. However, today Alexander Ivanovich has a generally good opinion of the Komsomol, and regrets that in modern Russia there is no such authoritative youth organization dealing with the mass socialization of the younger generation. St. Petersburg journalist, director and public figure Alexander Nevzorov not only did not get into the ranks of the Komsomol, but, according to his own statement, was expelled from the pioneers for picking a pioneer tie in his nose. Singer Lyudmila Senchina did not have time to join the Komsomol - her parents traveled a lot around the country. Therefore, the Honored Artist of Russia, unlike, for example, Lev Leshchenko and Valentina Tolkunova, did not receive any Komsomol awards.
The All-Union Pioneer Organization was formed on May 19, 1922. It was then, at the All-Russian Conference of the Komsomol, that a decision was made to create a mass children's organization in the USSR, led by the Central Committee of the Komsomol. In the future, May 19 was considered Pioneer Day. An organized and solemn celebration of this event was held annually. At first, the pioneer organization bore the name "Spartak", and then, after the death of the country's leader, official name was changed to the Lenin All-Union Pioneer Organization. Many years have passed since then. stopped accepting pioneers, few people remember.
Originally an example for pioneer movement served scouting. In 1917, there were children's scout associations in the country, covering up to 50 thousand people. Scouts carried out a lot of public work to help street children. Soon this movement was divided into several directions, the basic principles of which differed significantly. The scout detachments were led by well-known figures, such as the publisher and traveler, the editor of the magazine "Around the World" V.A. Popov, the famous self-taught sculptor and teacher I.N. Zhukov and others. Vera Bonch-Bruevich, an active party member and writer, came up with the idea of creating Yuk Scouts (young communists - scouts). But in 1919, at the Congress of the RKSM, all scout detachments were disbanded.
N.K. Krupskaya at the end of 1921 several times read the report "On Boy Scouting", where she called on the Komsomol to create a children's association "scout in form and communist in content." Later, the idea of creating a children's communist movement was put forward. I.N. Zhukov put forward a proposal to call the future organization pioneer. The symbolism was chosen as follows - a red tie, a white blouse, the motto "Be ready!" and the answer is “Always ready!”. This was similar to the traditions of the Scouting movement, but was partially changed. Also, the goal of the children's pioneer movement was the struggle for the freedom of oppressed peoples around the world. In the future, the pioneers were supposed to help adults in the fight against anti-Soviet elements, in accordance with the civic duty of every progressive person, the builder of a communist society.
By the beginning of the forties, the structure of the All-Union Pioneer Organization was fully formed in accordance with the school principle that had already justified itself. Each class was a detachment, and the school was a pioneer squad. Military-patriotic work was carried out in children's groups, circles of signalmen, orderlies, and young shooters were formed.
Before the start of the Great Patriotic War the “Timur movement” spread, named after the hero of the children's book by A. Gaidar “Timur and his team”. Timurovites actively collected scrap metal, dried medicinal herbs, provided all possible assistance to the elderly and sick people, and looked after the kids. It is difficult to overestimate everything that the pioneers did at that time, not only for individual citizens, but for the whole country.
With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, many children and teenagers grew up instantly. Grief and unbearable trials lay like a heavy burden on their shoulders. The pioneers were partisan detachments, whose sudden raids on the positions of the Nazis inflicted significant losses on them. Some of them were awarded the title of "Hero Soviet Union», the highest award states, namely:
Pioneers served in the Red Army, they were given the unofficial title of "Son of the Regiment". They were scouts, signalers, underground workers. Most of them replaced their fathers and older brothers who had gone to the front, worked at machine tools and in the fields, cared for the wounded in hospitals, and performed in front of them with concerts. Not all of them managed to survive until the Great Victory Day; children, along with adults, experienced all the hardships and horrors of wartime.
In the fifties, certain processes took place in the pioneer organization, which led to a change in the active position and the loss of independence in decision-making, its work became more and more formal. In the 1960s, Leningrad teachers headed by I.P. Ivanov on the basis of the new all-Union camp "Eaglet", which was opened on Black Sea coast, tried to develop creativity in children, coupled with former ideals. But the communal movement, which these activists tried to give rise to, could not go beyond the boundaries of a small area and remained in service. individual detachments and pioneer squads.
Until what year were the pioneers in the USSR?
With the beginning of perestroika, public and political life in the country sharply intensified. In the second half of the eighties of the last century, the leaders of the children's organization tried to change its goals and methods of working with schoolchildren. In connection with the fact that propaganda was carried out about the need to exclude pioneers from ideological work, children's organizations of various directions appeared.
At the tenth rally of pioneers, which was held in Artek, on October 1, 1990, the delegates decided to transform the All-Union Pioneer Organization into the Union of Pioneer Organizations - Federation of Children's Organizations, the abbreviated name SPO - FDO. But the Central Committee of the Komsomol did not approve this decision.
On September 27-28, 1991, at the XXII Extraordinary Congress of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League, the termination of the organization's activities and its dissolution was announced. Together with the Komsomol, the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after Lenin was automatically disbanded. The building of the Central Council in Moscow was partially transferred to the use of SPO - FDO. The palaces of the pioneers came under the jurisdiction of the municipalities and began to be called "Houses of children's creativity", and the pioneer camps became tourist centers and boarding houses.
Based on these historical data, it is safe to say until what year the pioneers were. It was in September that the pioneer organization ceased its work. Now it is already possible to answer exactly in what year they stopped accepting pioneers. And a little later, on December 26, 1991, the Council of the Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR announced the adoption of a declaration, which spoke of the cessation of the existence of the USSR.
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