Their training on the basics of the military. IV

"APPROVE"

Director

Center for military patriotic

and civic education

Department of Education

Moscow city

___________________

"___" _________2009

"AGREED"

Rector of the MIOO Department

education of the city of Moscow

Professor

"___" _____________ 2009

TRAINING PROGRAM

TRAINING OF CITIZENS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN PRIMARY KNOWLEDGE IN THE FIELD OF DEFENSE AND THEIR TRAINING ON THE BASICS OF MILITARY SERVICE WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE SUBJECT "OBZH" FOR EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF SECONDARY (FULL) GENERAL EDUCATION

Moscow 2009

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION OF THE CITY OF MOSCOW

CURRICULUM FOR TRAINING CITIZENS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN PRIMARY KNOWLEDGE IN THE FIELD OF DEFENSE AND THEIR TRAINING ON THE BASICS OF MILITARY SERVICE WITHIN THE SUBJECT "OBZH" FOR EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF THE SECONDARY (FULL)

GENERAL EDUCATION

Developed under the general editorship of the director of the Center for Military Patriotic and Civil Education

Program approved:

1. with the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation, military unit No. 000 August 5, 2009 No. /2/20028

2. with the Moscow Institute of Open Education of the Ministry of Education and Science Russian Federation August 7, 2009 No. 37

Burdenyuk V. V- Head of the Department of the Center for Military-Patriotic Education and Basic Training military service, Colonel of the Reserve.

- chief methodologist of OBZH YuZOU, candidate of sciences " Honorary Worker of General Education of the Russian Federation, Major of the Reserve.

- methodologist of the center of military-patriotic education and methodical training of students, reserve colonel.

- Methodist methodological support Fundamentals of Military Service of the Center for VP&GV, "Excellence in Public Education of the Russian Federation"

Reviewers:

- Colonel, military commissar of the Gagarinsky district Yu

- Head of the educational and methodological laboratory of MIOO

- Methodist of the district, teacher of life safety "Honorary worker of general education of the Russian Federation"

- Lecturer-organizer of OBZh "Excellence in public education of the RSFSR"

- Chairman of ROSTO Yu Moscow Candidate of Military Sciences, Colonel of the Reserve

Introduction

Training program for citizens of the Russian Federation basic knowledge in the field of defense and their training on the basics of military service was developed in accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation (Article 59), the Federal Law of 01.01.01 "On Education", the order of the Minister of Defense and the Minister of Education of the Russian Federation of May 3, 2001 No. 000/1936 "On approval of instructions on organizing the training of citizens of the Russian Federation in basic knowledge in the field of defense and their training in the basics of military service."

In accordance with the requirements of the Federal Law of 01.01.01 "On Amendments to the Federal Law "On Military Duty and Military Service" and Article 14 of the Law of the Russian Federation "On Education", before being called up for military service, male citizens are trained in the basics of military service in educational institutions of secondary (complete) general education, educational institutions of primary and secondary vocational education, during the last two years of study

The proposed program allows to solve this problem. When compiling the program, the experience of teachers of veterans, military teachers-organizers of life safety was taken into account.

The programs of initial military training of young men for service in the Armed Forces of the USSR were analyzed and positive issues were taken into account when compiling this document; Moscow.

In the proposed program, by reducing the number of hours for the study of individual topics, the number of hours for learning topics held at training camps. This will provide an opportunity to conduct an additional number of lessons to study educational topics and issues before the start of training camps in the military unit.

As is known, in motorized rifle subunits the main type of combat training is tactical training. In the interests of this subject, study planning is carried out, for example, it is proposed to study the topic “Actions of a soldier on the offensive”. In order to work out all the questions in this lesson in full, it is necessary to study with students before it begins: fire training - techniques and rules for shooting from small arms and the rules for throwing grenades; on radiation, chemical and biological protection (hereinafter referred to as RCB protection) - use of personal protective equipment, the procedure for conducting partial special processing of weapons and sanitizing personnel; for engineering training - methods and sequence of fortification equipment of positions and their masking with improvised and standard equipment; for military training - jogging and crawling. Only after studying all these questions can one plan the named lesson in tactical training at training camps. This is how the classes were conducted in the preparation of the 5-day training camp.

The proposed program was developed taking into account the experience of conducting classes in the section "Fundamentals of military service" of the course "Fundamentals of life safety". The program reflects the tasks of teaching citizens of the Russian Federation basic knowledge in the field of defense and preparing them for service in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

GENERAL

ORGANIZATIONAL INSTRUCTIONS

1. Preparation of citizens of the Russian Federation for military service
is integral part their preparation for active military service
in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, a compulsory state subject in general education schools, secondary specialized educational institutions vocational education and other types of secondary schools.

Tasks preparation of citizens in the basics of military service before their conscription into the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is that in the process of training they learn their constitutional rights, clarified the goals and nature of our defensive doctrine, the purpose of the Russian Armed Forces and other troops, mastered the basics of military affairs, acquired the necessary practical skills, physical training and psychological stability and, being called up for active military service in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and other troops, were able to flawlessly fulfill their constitutional duty to defend the Fatherland, successfully master the program of combat training of the personnel of the replenishment who entered (called up) for military service, the weapons and military equipment entrusted to them.

2. For the training of young men and their acquisition of basic knowledge in
areas of defense and their training on the basics of military service in educational
institutions are given 103 hours. The developed program provides
theoretical and practical classes in the 10th grade (1 hour per week).
Education in the 10th grade ends with a 5-day training camp for
35-hour program based on military units.

In the 11th grade (1 hour per week) they finish studying the topics of the sections: "Armed Forces of the Russian Federation", the constitutional provisions of the law "On military duty and military service." They deepen and consolidate their knowledge gained in the 10th grade: the basics of medical knowledge, defense without weapons - hand-to-hand combat, shooting sports.

3. Pre-conscription training is carried out in theoretical, practical, complex and control classes.

Theoretical lessons conducted mainly in the form of a story and conversation using didactic material and technical teaching aids. In these classes, concepts, definitions, the main provisions of the topic, the requirements of the charter, instructions, manuals are considered, and advice and recommendations are given on how to use the acquired knowledge in other classes and during active military service.

Workshops include the study and consolidation of techniques for performing techniques, actions and standards, solving shooting and other tasks using weapons, instruments, equipment, personal protective equipment, sports equipment, overcoming an obstacle course, hand-to-hand combat, when working out educational issues, on tactical, drill training and charters.

Complex classes include the implementation of techniques, actions, task standards or their combinations of several sections of the program. They are held in order to consolidate and improve the skills and abilities, practical action, the development of ingenuity and initiative, the acquisition of moral and psychological stability in conditions of increased physical activity.

Complex classes are held in the form of games on the ground, relay races, competitions.

Control classes are held, as a rule, at the end of the first year of study in the 10th grade, at training camps after their completion, and at the final stage of education in the 11th grade.

In the control classes, students answer theoretical questions, fulfill the standards, exercises, tasks determined by teachers on the basics of military service.

4. Planning for the preparation of students with basic knowledge in the field of defense and their training in the basics of military service in educational institutions, at training camps in a military unit is carried out in accordance with the requirements of the curriculum. It should ensure the full implementation of the program, a comprehensive study of all its sections in close connection with other subjects of study.

Each educational institution compiles a weekly thematic plan taking classes for half a year or academic year. The class schedule of the educational institution indicates the teaching hours allotted for this subject. For each lesson, an outline plan or lesson plan is drawn up (at the discretion of the teacher). In the plan-outline (lesson plan) of the lesson, the following are displayed: the topic, the method of conducting, educational and educational goals, educational questions, the distribution of study time, material support and the course of the lesson (if necessary, a summary of the educational questions).

In order to provide more organized classes and instilling in students practical skills in fulfilling the requirements of the charters, each class, the study group is called a platoon and is divided into departments. Platoon and squad commanders are appointed from among the students by order of the director of the educational institution.

Classes in basic knowledge in the field of defense and training in the basics of military service begin with the formation of a platoon (class) in a two-rank formation and a report from the platoon commander to the head of classes on the presence and absence of students and readiness for the lesson. Having accepted the report, the leader of the lesson comes to the middle of the formation and greets the students: “Hello, comrades!” The students respond to the greeting loudly, clearly and in concert: “We wish you good health, comrade major” (teacher, instructor)!”

Order and organization must be maintained in the classroom at all times. When the teacher addresses the student, the latter gets up, assumes the position “at attention”, introduces himself “a student such and such” (names the last name). If the teacher of the lesson refers to the student by his last name, the latter answers: “I”. Having received permission to sit down, the trainee says: “Yes,” and quickly sits down. When addressing the teacher, the student raises his hand and, having received permission, gets up, assumes a “attention” position, introduces himself and asks a question.

After the end of the lesson (lesson), the platoon commander, with the permission of the teacher, gives the command: “Attention” or “Stand up, at attention”. The teacher says: "Goodbye, comrades", the trainees respond in unison: "Goodbye, comrade major" (teacher).

Wearing a military uniform clothing by teachers - reserve and retired officers during classes is recommended.

Students are required to arrive at classes prepared and dressed according to the uniform established in the educational institution. The form of clothing for the next lesson is set by the teacher (sports or regular).

5. Annual or final grades for basic knowledge in the field of defense and preparation for military service are set on the basis of the overall grade obtained at the training camp and the annual grade obtained for the academic year.

The results of training camps are evaluated in accordance with the recommendations given in Appendix No. 11 of the Order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation and the Minister of Education of the Russian Federation of 01.01.2001. No. 96/134.

Citizens who evade training camps for an unexcused reason are given an unsatisfactory mark for the training camps.

methodical instructions.

Drill exercises are held at a specially equipped site. In drill training classes, trainees first get acquainted with the technique of performing drill techniques in general and by division, and then train according to the commands of the head of the lesson, and independently until the correct execution of drill techniques.

Improvement of single combat techniques is carried out both in special classes and in physical, tactical and fire training classes, according to regulations, as well as in all formations, movements and during defense and sports events.

Topic 1. Combat techniques and movement without weapons

Lesson 1. Practical- 1 hour. The duties of a soldier before formation and in the ranks. Buildings and their elements. Provisional and executive commands. Reply to a greeting on the spot.

Lesson 2. Practical-1 hour. Construction stand. Fulfillment of the commands “become”, “equal”, “attention”, “at ease”, “take off your hats” - put them on. Formation in one line and in two lines.

Lesson 3. Practical- 1 hour. Construction stand. Turns in place. Rebuilding from one line to two and back. Building in a column.

Lesson 4. Practical-1 hour. Building step. Turns in motion.

Lesson 5. Practical- 1 hour. Performing a military salute on the spot and on the move. Performing tricks With weapons.

Lesson 6. Practical- 1 hour. Failure. Approach to the boss. Return to duty. Marching movement , turns in motion.

Topic 2. Combat techniques and movement with weapons

Lesson 1. Practical-1 hour. Combat stand with weapons and performing techniques with weapons on the spot.

Topic 3

The construction of the department in a deployed and marching system. Reorganization of the squad from the deployed formation to the marching one and vice versa. Opening and closing of the compartment.

Topic 4. Platoon formations

Lesson 1. Practical-1 hour. Construction in a deployed and marching system. Building step. Turns in motion. Performing a military salute in the ranks on the spot and on the move.

Section 4. Fire training

Learning objectives:

Know the combat properties and material part of the Kalashnikov assault rifle and hand grenades;

Have skills in actions with weapons and throwing hand grenades;

Familiarize yourself with the rules of saving and storage small arms;

Get practice in shooting from a machine gun with live ammunition;

To instill in trainees confidence in the superiority of the combat properties of Russian weapons over the combat properties of weapons of foreign armies and the awareness of the need for skillful use of weapons.

Guidelines .

The AK-74 Kalashnikov assault rifle, hand fragmentation grenades, the basics and rules of shooting are first studied in classes held in classrooms and in a shooting range. During the lesson, students acquire knowledge on the combat properties of the machine gun and grenades, and their general structure; they are taught skills in disassembling and assembling, cleaning and lubricating machine guns, they are introduced to the rules for caring for small arms, their conservation and storage, and safety measures when handling weapons.

Conduct fire training classes in accordance with the requirements of the Course of firing from small arms, combat vehicles and tanks of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, (ed. 2006) (hereinafter referred to as the Course of firing). The choice of shooting exercises performed during training camps in military units, and training places are carried out only on the basis of the position of the Shooting Course.

The acquired skills are consolidated and improved in the classroom when performing the initial exercise of training firing from a machine gun.

In the lessons on topic 3, students gain skills in actions when performing shooting techniques, in the practical application of the rules of shooting and throwing hand fragmentation grenades. At all classes on this topic, several training places are organized depending on the objectives of the classes, as well as the possibilities of the educational and material base. Training places No. 1 - for the study of shooting techniques and rules, No. 2 - for the study of the material part and disassembly and assembly of the machine gun, No. 3 - for preparation for shooting and the uniformity of aiming.

At training places for studying the techniques and rules of shooting, the material part of the AK and disassembling and assembling, teaching the uniformity of aiming, training machines, machine gun models, air rifles, commander's boxes and sighting machines are used. In terms of content, classes should ensure the build-up and improvement of previously acquired knowledge, skills and abilities. Their effectiveness is achieved by properly organized objective control over the actions of students in the training places when performing each action.

At the training place No. 1 questions are worked out under the direct supervision of the head of the lesson. Guiding the actions of trainees for training places No. 2-3 carried out through pre-trained trainees.

Shooting from air rifles is carried out in order to prepare trainees for the initial exercise of shooting from an AK machine gun. They are held in an equipped shooting range in compliance with all security measures.

Shoot in a shooting range that does not ensure the safety of shooting, and also transfer the management of shooting to one of the trainees, is strictly prohibited.

When firing from an air rifle, the following order is established: at the command of the shooting leader, the trainees receive bullets and are prepared for shooting and report on their readiness for firing, after checking the training of the trainees, and making sure that they are ready for firing, the shooting leader gives the command to load the weapon and open fire on command "fire". Each trainee makes a certain number of shots and reports on the end of the shooting.

On the command “hang up”, the weapon is unloaded and inspected, the shooters are brought to the targets, and the results are announced to them.

Shooting from a machine gun with live ammunition is organized and carried out by military units and military commissariats in accordance with the requirements of the small arms firing course.

Before shooting, classes are held with each trainee on safety measures, the conditions for performing exercises, the material part of the machine gun, techniques and rules for shooting from a place. Trainees who have not mastered the material part of the machine gun, who have not mastered the techniques and rules of shooting, who do not know the safety measures and the conditions of the exercise, who have not completed the preparatory exercise of firing from an air rifle, are not allowed to fire with live ammunition.

Topic 1. The material part of the Kalashnikov assault rifle and

hand-held fragmentation grenades

Lesson 1. Practical - 1 hour. History of creation automatic weapons in Russia and their creators. Purpose, combat properties, general structure and principles of operation of the AK-74 assault rifle, incomplete disassembly and assembly. Security measures when handling weapons.

Lesson 2. Practical -1 hours. Purpose, arrangement of parts and mechanisms of the machine gun and cartridges.

Lesson 3. Practical- 1 hour. The position of the parts and mechanisms of the machine before loading and their work during discharge and firing.

Lesson 4. Practical - 1 hour. Improving knowledge and skills on the device, incomplete disassembly and assembly of the machine.

Lesson 5. Practical- 1 hour. Introduction to device features light machine gun Kalashnikov RPK. Improving knowledge on the design and operation of parts and mechanisms of AK.

Lesson 6. Practical- 1 hour. Machine accessories. The procedure for cleaning and lubricating the machine. Machine storage.

Lesson 7. Practical- 1 hour. Inspection and preparation of the machine gun and cartridges for firing. Possible delays in firing and how to eliminate them.

Lesson 8. Theoretical - 1 hour. Hand fragmentation grenades - purpose, storage, device, operation of parts and mechanisms of grenades. Techniques and rules for loading and throwing grenades. Security measures when handling grenades.

Topic 2. Fundamentals and rules of shooting

Lesson 1. Theoretical - 1 hour. Shot phenomenon. The initial speed of the bullet. Formation of a trajectory. Penetrating and lethal action of a bullet. Thousand formula and its application. Direct shot. Covered, affected and dead space and their practical significance.

Lesson 3. Practical- 1 hour. The purpose of the sighting device and aiming elements. The choice of sight and aiming point when shooting from a standstill at stationary targets.

Topic 3. Firing from a machine gun at stationary targets

Lesson 1-2. Practical - 2 hours. Preparatory classes before practical implementation shooting from an AK machine gun in a military unit.

Training place No. 1. Safety measures in the classroom. Equipping the store with training cartridges. Ready, lying down from the stop (assuming a position for shooting and loading the machine gun). Shooting (setting the sight, aiming, pulling the trigger, holding the machine gun while firing). Cessation of firing, unloading and inspection of the machine gun after firing.

Training place number 2. Disassembly and assembly of the machine and study of the position of the parts and mechanisms of the machine before loading, during loading and firing.

Training place number 3. Workout. Preparation for prone shooting, loading and unloading the machine gun, preparing the machine gun for inspection and inspection of the AK after shooting.

Lesson 4-5. Practical - 2 hours. Shooting from: air rifle: the target is a sports target with circles No. 8 (9p). Distance to target 5 m (10) m. Number of bullets: 6 (3+3). Shooting position: lying down from the stop or from the hand.

Rating: "excellent" - knock out 20 points, including hitting the black circle with three shots; "good" -16 points, including hitting the black circle with two shots; "satisfactory" - knock out 12 points, including getting into the black circle with one shot.

Note: it is allowed to perform an exercise from an air rifle at a distance of 5 or 10 meters on a target circle with a diameter of 32 or 64 mm.

Lesson 7. Practical - 4 hours. Performing initial firing exercises (ONS). Performing an exercise in training firing from a Kalashnikov assault rifle. 15 rounds are issued, shooting is carried out from a prone position - 5 rounds, from a knee - 5 rounds, while standing - 5 rounds.

Targets: pectoral figure with circles (target No. 4) on a shield 0.75x0.75 mm, motionless; the running figure (target No. 8) is motionless (falling when hit).

Evaluation (to hit targets while knocking out): "excellent" - 25 points, "good" - 20 points, "satisfactory" -15. The number of points scored is determined by the bullets that hit the figure.

Section 5 Tactical Training

Learning objectives:

Know the organization of a motorized rifle squad, the basics of military operations and the duties of a soldier in battle;

To be able to perform the actions of a soldier in the offensive, defense and reconnaissance;

Familiarize yourself with the methods of fighting tanks and firing at enemy aircraft and helicopters;

To instill in trainees courage, a sense of comradely collectivism, readiness for mutual assistance, physical endurance, psychological stability and other high moral and combat qualities necessary for the performance of a combat mission.

Guidelines .

Tactical training is one of the most important sections of training. It most fully provides the youth with a comprehensive study of the issues of the Allied Armed Forces, the development of skills and methods of action in defense and offensive.

The actions of a soldier in battle, the young men are trained in tactical exercises held in equipped classrooms, on the ground and

in a military unit.

At practical lessons in tactical training, the teacher (instructor) introduces the trainees into a tactical environment. Then he shows and explains the technique of performing the technique (action), after which he trains the trainees at the beginning by elements, and then as a whole.

Topic 1. Organization and combat capabilities of a motorized rifle squad

Lesson 1. Theoretical- 1 hour. Department organization. Regular weapons and military equipment. Combat capabilities of the squad.

Topic 2. Basics of combat operations

Lesson 1. Theoretical- 1 hour. Characteristics of modern combat, purpose and types of combat. Means of destruction of the enemy, their conditional tactical designations.

Lesson 2. Theoretical- 1 hour. Conditions that ensure the successful fulfillment of combat missions by soldiers and subunits.

Lesson 3. Theoretical- 1 hour. Combat and marching order of the department. Ensuring the combat operations of the squad (reconnaissance, security, camouflage, engineering, logistics and technical support, NBC protection against weapons of mass destruction).

Lesson 4. Theoretical- 1 hour. Department management. The duties of a soldier in battle.

Topic 3. Actions of a soldier in battle

Lesson 1. Practical-1 hour. Methods of movement of a soldier on the battlefield when operating on foot. Actions for the outbreak of a nuclear explosion.

Lesson 2. Practical- 1 hour. Actions in preparation for the attack and the order of movement to attack from the trench. Techniques for destroying the enemy during the attack ( hand grenades, fire at close range and in hand-to-hand combat).

Lesson 3. Practical- 1 hour. Selection and occupation of a firing position (shooting place) in defense. Equipment and camouflage of the trench. Reflection of the attack of tanks and infantry.

Lesson 4. Practical- 1 hour. The actions of a soldier on the offensive. The advancement of a soldier in a convoy during an offensive on the move and his taking a place in the order of battle of the squad. Overcoming obstacles along the aisles and attack. Techniques for destroying the enemy in a trench with fire, grenades and in hand-to-hand combat, mastering the object of attack. Actions on the ground contaminated with radioactive (poisonous) substances.

Lesson 5. Practical- 2 hours. The actions of a soldier on the defensive. Occupation by a soldier of a place in the firing position of the squad. Actions when the enemy uses nuclear, chemical, biological and incendiary weapons. Reflection of attacks of tanks and infantry of the enemy. Firing at ground and air targets.

Section 6 Applied Physical Training

Learning objectives:

Improve physical endurance, strength, psychological preparation received in the classroom;

Be able to overcome the obstacles of a single obstacle course.

Topic 1. Physical training

Lesson 1-2. Practical- 2 hours. Performing physical exercises for the muscles of the arms, torso and legs, an exercise on the crossbar (pulling up, power-out, lifting with a coup, bringing straight legs). Shuttle run 10x10 m, run for 100 m, 200 m; lifting weights 16 and 24 kg. Sports relay.

Topic 2. Overcoming obstacles

Lesson 1 Practical-1 hour . Familiarization with a single obstacle course. Explanation of the order of the exercises. Acquaintance with overcoming individual obstacles and training in their implementation.

Lesson 2. Practical- 1 hour. Training in overcoming individual obstacles and groups of obstacles of a single obstacle course. Doing exercises.

Lesson 3. Practical - 1 hour. Improving skills in overcoming obstacles and performing exercises on a single obstacle course. Conducting competitions for individual and team championships.

Topic 4. Sports competitions

Lesson 1. Practical - 2 hours. Summer and winter biathlon with triathlon (skiing or steeplechase and air gun shooting)

Lesson 2-5. Practical - 4 hours. Military sports relay race. 1. 100m run. 2. Dismantling AK-Push-ups from the floor. 4. Putting on a combined arms protective kit. 5. Overcoming the labyrinth of the obstacle course (or other obstacles). 6. Assembly of the AK-74.

Note: Classes on the topic 4 lesson 2-5 after school hours.

Section 7. Civil defense. Its purpose and tasks

for the protection of the population from the consequences of emergency situations

peacetime and wartime

Topic 1. Organization Russian system warnings

and emergency response

Lesson 1. Theoretical - 1 hour. Emergencies. Basic concepts. Organization of the RSChS: purpose, structure, tasks of the RFChS. Ways and means of protecting the population.

Lesson 2. Theoretical - 1 hour. Civil defense is an integral part of the RSChS. Moscow city civil defense system. Civil defense structure at the facility. Features of the organization of civil defense of an educational institution. GOChS structure. Organization and implementation of activities to protect students and permanent staff.

Topic 2. Means of individual and collective

protect and use them

Lesson 1. Theoretical -1 hour. Means of collective protection. Shelters. Anti-radiation shelters. Covers of the simplest type. Rules of behavior in shelters.

Lesson 2. Theoretical - 2 hours. Personal protective equipment and their use. Rules for the use of a gas mask, respirator and respiratory protective equipment against carbon monoxide. Combined-arms protective kit (OZK). Putting on, removing, packing and carrying a protective kit.

Lesson 3. Practical - 2 hours. Signals and means of warning about radioactive, chemical and biological contamination (RCB contamination). Methods of actions of personnel in conditions of radioactive, chemical and biological contamination while in place and on the move, in open areas.

Means of marking the boundaries of the area of ​​​​contamination (object) with radioactive, chemicals and biological means.

Overcoming the contaminated area on foot, the correct use of personal protective equipment. Carrying out partial special processing of weapons and items of equipment, sanitization of personnel.

Topic 3. Modern means lesions and damaging factors

Nuclear, chemical and bacteriological weapons

Lesson 1. Theoretical - 1 hour. The history of the creation of nuclear weapons. Characteristics of nuclear weapons. Types of nuclear explosions. The damaging factors of a nuclear explosion and methods of protection against them. Features of the damaging effect of neutron ammunition. Hearth nuclear destruction, its characteristic. Destruction zones in the lesion focus, their characteristics. Zones of radioactive contamination and the level of radiation. General concept of radiation dose, radiation levels.

Lesson 2. Theoretical-1 hour. Enemy chemical weapons. Characteristics of toxic substances, their damaging properties and methods of healing from them. The focus of chemical contamination and its characteristics. Bacteriological (biological) weapons, signs of their use. Characteristics of bacterial agents, their damaging effects. Protection measures (quarantine and observation).

Note: Topic 3 classes are held during the training camp on the basis of a military unit.

Topic 4. Organization of engineering protection of the population from damaging factors emergency situations of war and peacetime

Lesson 1-2. Theoretical -2 hours. Systems for the prevention and liquidation of emergency situations.

Section 8. Fundamentals of medical knowledge and rules for providing

first aid

Learning objectives :

To be able to provide first aid for injuries, burns, bleeding, bone fractures, cardiac arrest and cessation of breathing;

Provide medical assistance in case of radiation injuries and poisonings;

Know the purpose and arrangement of medical protective equipment, first aid kit AI-2, individual package IPP-8.

Know:

The procedure for providing first aid when exposed to nuclear, chemical and biological weapons;

- purpose, arrangement and rules for the use of personal medical protective equipment.

Topic 1. First aid for injuries,

norms of international humanitarian law;

Purpose and combat properties of personal weapons;

Means of mass destruction and their damaging factors;

Rules for admission to educational institutions of military professional education, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, the Federal Security Service of Russia, the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia

be able to:

Own ways to protect the population from natural and man-made emergencies;

Use means of individual and collective protection;

Assess the level of their training and exercise conscious self-determination in relation to military service;

Use the knowledge gained during the initial registration for military registration;

Perform incomplete disassembly and assembly of the Kalashnikov assault rifle;

Shoot from a machine gun at fixed targets;

Be proficient in the safe handling of weapons;

Handle radiation and chemical reconnaissance and dosimetric control devices;

Perform elements of drill and tactical training;

Perform physical exercises in the amount of requirements for young recruits of military units and candidates entering higher military educational institutions.

Weekly Thematic Plan

passing the program "Fundamentals of military service" with students in grade 10

in the educational institution GOU secondary school No. _____ for the 1st half of the year

months and week numbers

Weekly thematic plan for the passage of the program "Fundamentals of military service" with students in grade 10

in an educational institution GOU secondary school No. ______ for the 2nd half of the year

months and week numbers

Note: in the numerator the number of the topic and the number of the lesson, in the denominator the number of hours

Weekly thematic plan for the passage of the program "Fundamentals of military service" with students in grade 11

in an educational institution GOU secondary school No. ______ for the 1st half of the year

months and week number

Note: in the numerator the number of the topic and the number of the lesson, in the denominator the number of hours

Months and week numbers

Note: in the numerator the number of the topic and the number of the lesson, in the denominator the number of hours

Attachment 1

TARGETS FOR FIRE FROM PNEUMATIC GUN

Target P-9 in the distance 10m. Target P-8 at a distance of 5m.

TARGET "P" - 8

Appendix 2

ORDER

Principals of secondary school No. _____________________

From « » __________ 200 No. Moscow

on the basis of the Law of the Russian Federation of 01.01.01 "0 amendments to the Federal Law" on military duty and military service "and Article 14 of the Law of the Russian Federation" On Education "adopted on 06.06.05.

I ORDER:

1. Conducting classes on the course of life safety and "Fundamentals of military service" is entrusted to the teacher-organizer of life safety. To conduct classes on the basics of medical knowledge, involve medical workers, as well as teachers who have been trained in the training program for nurses and teachers of biology.

2. When conducting classes in the section "Fundamentals of military service", only young men should be involved in classes. With the girls at this time, conduct classes separately, for an in-depth study of the "Fundamentals of Medical Knowledge".

3. During the period of 5-day training camps with young men on the "Fundamentals of military service" (practical exercises on the basis of a military unit outside school hours), organize classes with girls on special program"Fundamentals of medical knowledge and healthy lifestyle life."

4. Make the necessary additions to the sections of the program of the OBZH course, supplementing this section taking into account the upcoming training camps (For classes outside of school hours)

5. Conducting classes in physical education lessons should be directed to the development of students' endurance, strength, dexterity and other qualities, taking into account the requirements of military applied sports.

6. To oblige students to arrive at classes in good clothes, having a neat appearance. The uniform for each lesson (set by the teacher of life safety and pre-conscription training) is sports or regular.

7. In the "Fundamentals of Military Knowledge" classes, students are required to comply with the requirements of military regulations, rules for security measures, rules of conduct and discipline. In case of non-fulfillment of these requirements, an assessment is put in the register of classes - unsatisfactory.

8. For class teachers, the requirements of the order should be discussed at a class meeting and brought to the attention of parents.

9. One of the main tasks in conducting classes and other events is to consider military patriotic education students.

Head teacher /________________ /

Annex 3

"AGREED" "APPROVE"

Chairman of the Trade Union Principal of the Secondary School No. ____

School Organization No.______

______________________________________________ /_____________ /

INSTRUCTIONS

4. Observe the rules of personal and public hygiene, stay in class having a neat appearance, in serviceable, clean and ironed clothes (students who have a bad appearance are not allowed to attend classes).

5. Actively participate in the life of the ROSTO school organization and military sports events.

6. Persistently prepare for service in the Russian Armed Forces and engage in physical education and sports.

7. Strictly and accurately comply with safety requirements, especially be careful when firing from military and pneumatic weapons.

8. Be able to provide first aid.

Teacher OBZH-OVS School No.

Annex 5

"APPROVE"

High School Principal No.

DUTIES OF THE CLASS ATTENDANT

The duty officer for the class is appointed from among the students of the class and is responsible for the safety and integrity of educational property and visual aids of the life safety room or other educational places and for maintaining the internal order.

CLASS ATTENDANT IS OBLIGED:

Prepare an OBZH office or study places for the lesson;

Monitor students' compliance with the rules of internal regulations and behavior;

Do not allow students to damage educational property, stands, visual aids, and in case of violations, immediately report to the military head of the school;

During a break in classes, be in the military office and monitor the implementation of the rules of conduct by students;

At the end of the lesson, prepare the military office for the next lesson.

Teacher OBZH-OVS School No.

Appendix 6

"APPROVE"

High School Principal No.

RESPONSIBILITIES OF A PLATOON LEADER (CLASS)

The platoon (class) commander is appointed from among the students and is responsible for
upbringing, discipline, academic performance of the students of the platoon (class), he is subordinate to the teacher of the school's OVS.

The platoon (class) commander must:

1. Know the business and moral qualities of the platoon students, as well as the name, surname and year of birth, the successes and shortcomings of each student in their studies and behavior.

2. Strictly monitor the observance of discipline by the students of the platoon, its appearance and the observance of the rules of personal hygiene.

3. Ensure the arrival of class students to classes exactly at the set time.

4. Monitor the attendance of classes, know the reasons for the absence of students in class.

5. Before the start of classes, build a platoon and report to the teacher in the prescribed form.

6. Appoint class attendants and monitor their performance of their duties.

7. Report to the military leader about the wishes and requests of students, about their misconduct and measures to prevent them, as well as about cases of loss or damage to educational equipment and visual aids.

8. Require the implementation of security measures in the classroom, shooting, when working with equipment and weapons.

OBZH-OVS teacher

Appendix 7

"APPROVE"

High School Principal No.

DUTIES OF THE SECTION COMMANDER

The squad leader is appointed from among the students of the platoon (class) and is responsible for: discipline, combat bearing and neat appearance of students, for the correct use of educational equipment and visual aids by students. He reports to the platoon (class) commander and teacher

The squad leader must:

1. Know each student of the department: his name, surname and year of birth, personal qualities, successes and shortcomings in studies and behavior.

2. Require subordinates to observe discipline and comply with military regulations during classes.

3. At the appointed time, build the students of the department, check their presence, appearance and demand the elimination of deficiencies.

4. Report to the platoon (class) commander about the wishes and requests of students, about their misconduct and other violations in the performance of their duties.

5. By order of the platoon commander, appoint duty officers for the class and monitor the performance of their duties.

6. Monitor the safety of educational property and require subordinate students to take care of educational equipment and visual aids.

7. Strictly monitor the observance by subordinates of safety rules in the classroom, shooting, when working with educational equipment and weapons.

Teacher OBZH-OVS School No.

USED ​​BOOKS

1. The Constitution of the Russian Federation.

2. Federal Law of January 1, 2001 “On Amendments to the Federal Law “On Conscription and Military Service” and Article 14 of the Law of the Russian Federation “On Education” of January 1, 2001

3. General Military Regulations of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, 1993

Teaching aids of the section "Fundamentals of military service" 1. "Armed Forces of Russia", edited by the director of the Center for Military-Patriotic and Civil Education of the Moscow Department of Education Akchurin R. S., ed. 2005

3. Combat traditions of the armed forces of the Russian Federation. Symbols of military honor. Author ed., 2001

4. The system of military-patriotic education of minors. Author, ed. 2001 Military Knowledge Magazine.

5. Textbook for teachers of life safety of senior classes, edited by Syunkov V. Ya., ed. 2005

6. Educational and methodological manual for basic military training (library of the military head of basic military training) of the Ministry of Defense of the USSR, 1988

7. Textbook "Fundamentals of life safety" 1-2 part, ed. 2003, author

8. Textbook of basic military training, ed. Ministry of Defense of the USSR, 1989 9. Programs of initial military training of young people for service in the Armed Forces of the USSR, ed. Ministry of Defense of the USSR 10.Organization of tactical training. Author. ed. Ministry of Defense of the USSR, 1987. 11. Combat Charter of the Ground Forces., ed. Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. 1996 12. Order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation and the Minister of Education of the Russian Federation “On approval of instructions on organizing the training of citizens of the Russian Federation in basic knowledge in the field of defense and their training in the basics of military service” dated 01.01.01 No. 000/1936 of Moscow.

Introduction ................................................ ......................................... 2

General organizational guidelines ............................................................... . four

Section 1. Armed Forces of Russia…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Section 2. Statutes of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation ............................................. . ten

Section 3. Drilling .......................................................... ............. 12

Section 4. Fire training .............................................. ...... fourteen

Section 5. Tactical preparation .............................................................. ........... 17

Section 6. Physical preparation .......................................................... ............ twenty

Section 7. Civil Defense ……………………………………….... 20

Section 8. Fundamentals of medical buildings …………………….. ………… 22

Weekly thematic plan 24-27

Alim Balkarov, lawyer, Rostov-on-Don.

According to the law, schools must be provided with an educational and material base used for students to receive basic knowledge in the field of defense and for students to master the basics of military service. But often in educational institutions there is no such base. In this regard, in recent times appeals of prosecutors to the court with the requirement to provide schools with appropriate offices became more frequent, technical means etc.

Legal basis

One of the tasks of the modern youth policy of our country is the patriotic education of the younger generation. To solve this problem within the framework of the educational process, a complex of educational activities is carried out. In educational institutions of secondary (complete) general, primary and secondary vocational education, such activities are:

• obtaining basic knowledge in the field of defense;
• training in the basics of military service (training camps).

According to paragraph 7 of Art. 14 of the Law of the Russian Federation of July 10, 1992 N 3266-1 "On Education" in educational institutions of secondary (complete) general education, educational institutions of primary vocational and secondary vocational education, in accordance with federal state educational standards, students receive initial knowledge about the defense of the state, about military duty of citizens and the acquisition by students of skills in the field of civil defense, as well as the training of students - male citizens who have not completed military service - on the basics of military service.

In accordance with Art. 13 of the Federal Law of March 28, 1998 N 53-FZ "On military duty and military service" before being called up for military service, male citizens are trained on the basics of military service in educational institutions of secondary (complete) general education, educational institutions of primary vocational and secondary vocational education during the last 2 years of study.

Clause 3 of the Regulations on the preparation of citizens of the Russian Federation for military service, approved. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 31, 1999 N 1441 (hereinafter referred to as the Regulations) provides for the acquisition of basic knowledge about defense, including the acquisition of skills in the field of civil defense. Such training is carried out in state, municipal or non-state educational institutions of secondary (complete) general education, educational institutions of primary vocational and secondary vocational education and in training stations.

In pursuance of the Regulations, Order No. 96 of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation and No. 134 of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated February 24, 2010 approved the Instruction on organizing the training of citizens of the Russian Federation in basic knowledge in the field of defense and their training in the basics of military service in educational institutions of secondary (complete) general education, educational institutions of primary vocational and secondary vocational education and training centers (hereinafter referred to as the Instruction). It provides for the training of citizens in the basics of military service, which is carried out in accordance with federal state educational standards (clause 6).

According to paragraph 13 of the Instruction, the training of citizens in basic knowledge in the field of defense and their training in the basics of military service in educational institutions is carried out in accordance with federal state educational standards: within the framework of the subject "Fundamentals of Life Safety" - in educational institutions of secondary (complete) general education; within the framework of the discipline "Life Safety" - in educational institutions of primary vocational and secondary vocational education.

Paragraph 14 of the Instruction provides that educational institutions create and constantly improve the educational and material base in accordance with the requirements of federal state educational standards. The educational and material base includes: a subject room with educational and visual aids, technical teaching aids, a sports town with elements of an obstacle course, shooting range or a place for shooting (electronic shooting simulator). But often schools do not comply with this clause, and in connection with this, the number of prosecutors' appeals to the court has recently increased. In their statements of claim, prosecutors demand to purchase items and technical means used to gain knowledge on the basics of military service and military-patriotic education, and sometimes even ask the court to oblige the school administration to build obstacle courses in sports towns. Let us consider the current judicial practice on this issue.

You provide equipment according to the standards!

Despite the arguments of school representatives that the federal state educational standards do not take into account training using the means of military-patriotic education, and the Instruction is advisory in nature, the courts generally satisfy the requirements of prosecutors and oblige school administrations to purchase the necessary educational and material base for military-patriotic education. education of students. Let's give some examples.

Prosecutor of the Central District of Novokuznetsk Kemerovo region filed a lawsuit in the interests of an indefinite circle of persons against the municipal educational institution "Secondary School N 101" for compulsion to take actions to provide the institution with material and technical equipment for teaching citizens basic knowledge in the field of defense. In the statement of claim, he demanded that the school administration purchase a shooting range or an electronic shooting simulator.

The court of first instance dismissed the claims on the grounds that so far no changes have been made to federal state educational standards that would take into account training in a shooting range or on electronic shooting simulators. But the court of second instance overturned the decision of the court of first instance and ruled to satisfy the claims, since the requirements of the legislation on military duty in full MOU "Secondary School N 101" are not met, in the said educational institution the material and technical base does not meet the recommended standards materially - technical equipment for teaching citizens basic knowledge in the field of defense and training in the basics of military service, in particular, there is no shooting range or place for shooting (electronic shooting simulator).

On the same grounds (educational institutions did not comply with the requirements of the Instruction), other judicial decisions of the Central District Court of Novokuznetsk (cases N 33-5699, 33-5700), as well as the decision of the Kuibyshev District Court of Novokuznetsk dated case N 33-5066<1>.

<1>Certificate of the Kemerovo Regional Court dated 02.08.2011 N 01-07 / 26-475.

The Prosecutor of the Vyborgsky District appealed to the Vyborgsky District Court of St. Petersburg with a demand to oblige the school to eliminate violations of the law providing for the training of students in the basics of military service, namely: the lack of educational and visual aids in the material and technical base of the school (a set of posters "Fundamentals and Rules shooting from small arms"), mines of the Russian army, personal protective equipment, radiation reconnaissance devices, chemical reconnaissance devices, household dosimeter, layout of the simplest shelter in the section or format of an electronic educational publication (EDI), layout of the shelter in the section or format of the EOI, target line , electronic educational publications on magnetic and optical media on the subject of the program, medical property (devices, devices and accessories for traumatology and mechanotherapy).

The court supported the prosecutor, and the school was obliged to acquire and include the above items in the material and technical base within 30 days from the date of the court decision. By the decision of the St. Petersburg City Court, the decision of the court of first instance was upheld (Determination of the St. Petersburg City Court dated March 10, 2011 N 33-3271 / 2011).

But there are also opposite solutions.

The prosecutor of the Pushkinsky district of St. Petersburg filed a lawsuit with the Pushkinsky district court of St. Petersburg against the State educational institution of the secondary school of the Pushkinsky district of St. Petersburg on the obligation to equip a sports town with elements of an obstacle course within 90 days from the date the court decision comes into force .

Denying the claim of the prosecutor of the Pushkinsky district of St. Petersburg, the Pushkinsky district court proceeded from the fact that the GOU secondary school is equipped and operates a typical school stadium (type 1), which does not provide for an obstacle course; training sessions are held; planned work is carried out with pre-conscription youth; classes are held in a sports hall with the arrangement of a mobile obstacle course.

The Judicial Collegium of the St. Petersburg City Court, in the course of considering the cassation presentation of the prosecutor in this case, considered that the court of first instance had come to the correct and reasonable conclusion that the defendant GOU secondary school in the course of its activities implements the requirements of state educational standards of secondary (complete) general education in the region teaching pre-conscription youth the basics of military service, obtaining basic knowledge about the defense of the state, military duty, acquiring skills in the field of civil defense, the defendant created the conditions necessary for training in the field of military-patriotic education, and upheld the decision (Determination of the St. Petersburg City Court dated 02.03.2011 No. 33-2957/2011).

Despite the arguments of school representatives that federal state educational standards do not take into account training using the means of military-patriotic education, the Instruction on organizing the training of citizens of the Russian Federation in basic knowledge in the field of defense and their training in the basics of military service in educational institutions of secondary (complete) general education, educational institutions of primary vocational and secondary vocational education and training centers is advisory in nature, the courts generally satisfy the requirements of prosecutors and oblige school administrations to purchase the necessary educational and material base for the military-patriotic education of students.

Article 13. Training of citizens on the basics of military service in educational organizations as part of the development of the educational program of secondary general education or secondary vocational education and at educational centers of organizations

1. This Instruction was developed in accordance with the Federal Law of March 28, 1998 N 53-FZ "On Military Duty and Military Service" (Sobraniye Zakonodatelstva Rossiyskoy Federatsii, 1998, N 13, Art. 1475; 2000, N 46, Art. 4537), Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 31, 1999 N 1441 "On approval of the Regulations on the preparation of citizens of the Russian Federation for military service" (Sobraniye zakonodatelstva Rossiyskoy Federatsii, 2000, N 2, art. 225), Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 3 March 2001 N 157 "On the procedure for financing expenses related to the implementation of the Federal Law "On Military Duty and Military Service" (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2001, N 11, Art. 1031) and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation on military duties and military service.

The training of citizens on the basics of military service provides for training sessions with them at the end last year training (Federal Law of the Russian Federation "On Military Duty and Military Service", Art. 13).

An exemplary program of training fees for educational institutions of general, primary vocational, secondary vocational education and training centers of organizations

1. Fundamentals of preparing a citizen for military service. Basic military training in the troops

An introductory lesson held before the start of training camps on the basis of a military unit. Acquaintance with the history of the unit, its combat path, the exploits of the soldiers of the unit, the tasks of the unit, solved in peacetime in preparation for the defense of the Fatherland. Familiarization of students with the schedule of classes and the daily routine during training camps, with the requirements of safety rules during classes with weapons and military equipment.

2. Accommodation and life of military personnel

Accommodation of military personnel undergoing military service on conscription; room maintenance. Fire protection. Environmental protection.

Distribution of working time and daily routine.

The distribution of time in the military unit, the daily routine. Rise, morning inspection and evening verification. Training sessions, breakfast, lunch and dinner. Dismissal from the location of the unit. Visiting military personnel.

3. Daily outfit, duties of persons daily outfit

Appointment and composition of the daily attire of a military unit. Preparing daily routine.

4. Organization of guard duty, sentry duties

Organization of guard duty, general provisions. Outfit of guards, training of guards. Hourly. Watchman duties.

5. Drill

Practicing combat techniques and movements without weapons. Practicing the rules of military salute without weapons on the spot and on the move. Building departments. Form a platoon. Performing a military salute in the ranks on the spot and on the move.

6. Fire training

Kalashnikov assault rifle, operation of parts and mechanisms of the assault rifle, cleaning, lubrication and storage of the assault rifle. Preparing the rifle for firing. Rules of shooting, firing from a machine gun. Shooting safety measures. Practical shooting.

7. Tactical training

The main types of combat The actions of a soldier in battle, the duties of a soldier in battle, the movement of a soldier in battle. Commands given for movement in combat and the order in which they are executed. Choosing a place for shooting, self-digging and camouflage.

8. Physical fitness

Learning exercises for morning physical exercises. Conducting physical training classes in the scope of the requirements for the new replenishment of military units.

Study questions:

1. Rules for the placement of military personnel undergoing military service on conscription.

2. The main elements of the daily routine.

Conscripted military personnel, except for sailors and foremen who are on ships, are accommodated in barracks.

To accommodate each company in the barracks, the following premises should be provided:

Sleeping area;

Leisure room;

Company office;

Weapon storage room;

Room (place) for cleaning weapons;

Room (place) for sports activities;

Household service room;

Pantry for storing company property and personal belongings of military personnel;

Smoking area and shoe shine;

Washroom;

shower room;

The necessary classes are equipped in the regiment for conducting classes. Each part is equipped military glory room(history) part and underway Honor Book military unit.

Room(place) for sports activities equipped with sports equipment, gymnastic equipment, kettlebells, dumbbells and other sports equipment.

Service room equipped with tables for ironing uniforms, posters with the rules for wearing military uniforms - military clothing, the necessary number of irons, as well as equipment for cutting hair and essential tool for the repair of uniforms and shoes.

Daily housekeeping is carried out by regular cleaners under the direction of the company duty officer. In addition to daily cleaning, once a week general cleaning all premises under the direction of the foreman of the company.

The airing of the premises in the barracks is carried out by the orderlies: in the sleeping quarters - before going to bed and after sleep, in the classrooms - before classes and during breaks between them.

To ensure fire safety, all military personnel are required to know and comply with fire safety requirements and be able to handle fire extinguishing equipment.

Study questions:

1. Appointment and composition of the daily order.

2. Preparation of a daily order.

3. Orderly for the company and his duties.

Daily outfit appointed to maintain internal order, protect personnel, weapons, military equipment and ammunition, premises and property of a military unit (unit), monitoring the state of affairs in units and taking timely measures to prevent offenses, as well as to perform other internal service duties.

The following composition of the daily regimental attire is provided:

Regiment duty officer;

Assistant on duty for the regiment;

duty unit;

Duty officer and orderly in the park, as well as driver-mechanics (drivers) of duty tractors;

On-duty paramedic or sanitary instructor and orderlies at the medical center;

Duty officer and assistants to the duty officer at the checkpoint;

Canteen attendant and workers in the canteen;

Duty officer at the headquarters of the regiment;

Duty signalist-drummer;

Messengers;

Fire outfit.

AT daily outfit of the company appointed:

Duty officer;

Orderly in the company.

All persons of the daily order must know for sure, accurately and conscientiously fulfill their duties, persistently seeking to fulfill the daily routine and comply with other internal rules.

Duty officer appointed from sergeants and, as an exception, from among the most trained soldiers. He is responsible for the exact implementation of the daily routine and compliance with other rules for maintaining internal order in the company, for the safety of weapons, ammunition boxes, property, personal belongings of soldiers and sergeants, and for the correct performance of duty by orderlies. The company duty officer is subordinate to the regiment duty officer and his assistant, and in the order of internal service in the company - to the company commander and foreman.

Orderly by company appointed from the soldiers. He is responsible for the safety of weapons under his protection, cabinets (boxes) with pistols, boxes of ammunition, company property and personal belongings of soldiers and sergeants. The company orderly is subordinate to the company duty officer. The next orderly in the company is serving inside the barracks at the front door, near the weapons storage room.

In full, the duties of a duty and orderly company are set out in the Charter of the internal service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

Study questions:

1. Organization of guard duty.

2. Inviolability of sentries.

3. Duties of the sentry.

Guard duty is the fulfillment of a combat mission and requires the personnel to strictly comply with all the provisions of the Charter of the garrison and guard services of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, high vigilance.

Those guilty of violating the requirements of the guard service bear disciplinary or criminal liability.

Guards are appointed to carry out guard duty.

A guard is an armed unit assigned to carry out the combat mission of guarding and defending combat banners, military and state facilities, as well as to guard persons held in a guardhouse and in a disciplinary battalion.

Guards are garrison and internal (ship), they can be permanent or temporary.

Garrison Guard appointed for the protection and defense of objects of army, district or central subordination that do not have their own security units, objects of general garrison significance, objects of formations or several military units located in close proximity to one another, as well as for the protection of persons held in a garrison guardhouse.

Internal (ship) guard appointed for the protection and defense of objects of one military unit (ship). Airplanes (helicopters) and other objects of the aviation unit at the airfield are guarded and defended by an internal guard appointed from the aviation technical unit.

The following are appointed to the guard: the chief of the guard, the guards according to the number of posts and shifts, distributing, and if necessary, the assistant chief of the guard, the assistant chief of the guard (operator) for technical security equipment or a change of operators (two or three people, one of whom can be appointed as an assistant chief of the guard for technical means of protection), assistant chief of the guard for the service of guard dogs and drivers of vehicles.

For the direct protection and defense of objects from the guard, sentries are posted.

An armed sentry is called sentry, performing a combat mission of guarding and defending a post assigned to him.

The post is everything entrusted for the protection and defense of the sentry, as well as the place or area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe terrain on which he performs his duties.

Guard posts are guarded by patrolling between the outer and inner fences around the object or along the fence from the inside, if the object has one fence, as well as observation from towers. Individual objects can be guarded by stationary sentries. A sentry is an inviolable person.

Sentinel Immunity is:

In the special protection by law of his rights and personal dignity;

In submission to his strictly defined persons - the head of the guard, the assistant head of the guard and his breeder;

It is the duty of all persons to unquestioningly fulfill the requirements of the sentry, determined by his service;

In granting him the right to use weapons in cases specified in the Charter of the garrison and guard services of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

The sentry has the right to change or remove from his post only the head of the guard, the assistant to the head of the guard and the guard, to whom the sentry is subordinate.

In conditions of poor visibility, when it is impossible to see those approaching the post or the forbidden border from the distance indicated in the report card, the sentry stops them by shouting: “Stop, who is coming?” If there is no answer, the sentry warns: "Stop, I will shoot" - and detains the violator. The sentry reports the detained intruder to the guardroom, monitors his behavior and, without weakening his attention, continues to guard the post entrusted to him.

Hourly at the post at the Battle Banner performs his duties, being in the position of "at ease". When saluting the Battle Banner by the servicemen, the sentry takes a combat stance.

During the reception of the Battle Banner under guard, the sentry is obliged to check the serviceability of the cover (cabinet) and the seal on it. The sentry issues the Battle Banner only on the personal order of the head of the guard and in his presence.

If the post at the Battle Banner is in danger (fire or natural disaster), the sentry takes the Battle Banner to a safe place and calls the head of the guard.

Study questions:

1. Combat stand.

2. The procedure for performing turns on the spot and on the move.

3. Military greeting and the order of its implementation.

Drill- this is a subject of training for military personnel, the purpose of which is to develop their combat bearing, smartness and endurance, the ability to correctly and quickly execute commands, drill techniques with and without weapons, as well as preparing units for coordinated actions in various formations. Drilling training is organized and conducted on the basis of the Drilling Charter of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

build- the deployment of military personnel, subunits and units established by the charter for their joint actions on foot and in vehicles.

line- a system in which military personnel are placed one next to the other on the same line at established intervals.

Wing- right (left) end of the system. When turning the formation, the names of the flanks do not change.

Front - the side of the formation in which the military personnel are facing (cars - with the frontal part).

Back side of the system the side opposite the front.

Interval- the distance along the front between military personnel (vehicles), subunits and units.

Distance- the distance in depth between military personnel (vehicles), subunits and units.

Building Width - distance between flanks.

Building depth - the distance from the first line (a soldier standing in front) to the last one (a soldier standing behind), and when operating on vehicles - the distance from the first line of vehicles (a vehicle standing in front) to the last one (behind a standing vehicle).

Double rank system- a formation in which the servicemen of one line are located in the back of the head of the servicemen of the other line at a distance of one step (outstretched arm, palm placed on the shoulder of the serviceman in front). The ranks are called the first and second. When you turn the formation, the names of the ranks do not change.

Row- two servicemen standing in a two-rank formation at the back of the head to one another. If a soldier of the second rank does not stand in the back of the head behind the soldier of the first rank, such a row is called incomplete.

Single-row and double-row systems can be closed or open.

AT close formation military personnel in ranks are located along the front one from the other at intervals equal to the width of the palm between the elbows.

In open formation servicemen in ranks are located along the front one from the other at intervals of one step or at intervals indicated by the commander.

Column- a system in which the military personnel are located at the back of the head to each other, and the units (vehicles) - one after the other at distances established by the charter or commander. Columns can be one, two, three, four or more.

Line- a formation in which subunits are built on the same line along the front in a single-rank or two-rank formation (in a line of vehicles) or in a line of columns at intervals established by the charter or commander.

marching formation- a formation in which the unit is built in a column or units in columns are built one after the other at distances established by the charter or commander.

guide- a serviceman (unit, vehicle) moving head in the indicated direction. The rest of the military personnel (subdivisions, vehicles) coordinate their movement along the guide.

trailing- a soldier (unit, vehicle) moving last in the column.

drill stand(Fig. 7) is taken according to command "Become!" or "Quietly!" At this command, stand straight, without tension, put the heels together, align the socks along the front line, placing them on the width of the foot; straighten the legs at the knees, but do not strain; lift the chest, and the whole body slightly forward; pick up the stomach; expand shoulders; lower your hands so that the hands, palms facing inward, are on the side and in the middle of the thighs, and the fingers are half-bent and touch the thigh; keep your head high and straight, without exposing your chin; look straight ahead; be ready for immediate action.

Rice. 7. drill stand

By team "At ease!" stand up freely, loosen the right or left leg at the knee, but do not move from the spot, do not weaken your attention and do not talk. By command "Refill!", without leaving your place in the ranks, fix: weapons, uniforms and equipment; if you need to get out of order, ask your immediate supervisor for permission.

For removing hats served team:“Headgear (headdress) - take off!”, And for putting on- "Headgear (headdress) - put on!". If necessary, single military personnel take off their hats and put them on without a command.

The removed headdress is held in the left freely lowered hand with a star (cockade) forward.

Turns in place are performed on commands: “To the right”, “To the left”, “Circle”.

Turns around, to the left are made towards the left hand, on the left heel and right toe; turns to the right - towards the right hand on the right heel and left toe.

Turns are performed in two steps: the first step is to turn around, maintaining the correct position of the body, and, without bending the legs at the knees, transfer the weight of the body to the front leg; second take - the shortest way put the other foot on.

The movement is made by walking or running.

Walking carried out at a pace of 110-120 steps per minute. Step size - 70-80 cm.

Running carried out at a pace of 165-180 steps per minute. Step size - 85–90 cm.

The step is drill and marching.

drill step used when passing units in a solemn march; when they perform a military greeting on the move; when a serviceman approaches the commander and when leaving him; upon failure and return to duty, as well as in drill training.

marching step applies in all other cases.

The movement with a marching step begins at the command: "Combat step - march!" (in motion: “Stroev - march!”), And the movement in marching step - on command: “Step - march!”

On a preliminary command, move the body forward a little, transfer its weight more to the right leg, while maintaining stability; on the executive command, start moving with the left foot with a full step.

When moving with a drill step (Fig. 8), take the leg with the toe pulled forward to a height of 15–20 cm from the ground and place it firmly on the entire foot.

Rice. eight. drill step

With hands, starting from the shoulder, make movements near the body: forward - bending them at the elbows so that the hands rise above the belt buckle to the width of the palm and at a distance of the palm from the body, and the elbow is at the level of the hand; back - to failure in the shoulder joint. The fingers are bent, keep the head straight, look in front of you.

When moving with a marching step, take the leg out freely, without pulling the toe, and put it on the ground, as in normal walking, make free movements around the body with your hands.

Running movement begins at the command: "Running - march!"

To move from step to run, on a preliminary command, half-bend the arms, the elbows are laid back somewhat. The executive command is given simultaneously with the setting of the left foot on the ground. On this command, take a step with your right foot and start running with your left foot.

To move from running to step, the command is given: “Step - march!” The executive command is given simultaneously with the right foot on the ground. On this command, take two more steps running and start walking with your left foot.

The designation of a step on the spot is made on command: “On the spot, step - march!” (on the move: "On the spot").

According to this command, the step is indicated by raising and lowering the legs, while raising the leg 15–20 cm from the ground and placing it on the entire foot, starting from the toe; hands to make movements to the beat of the step. On the command “Straight!”, given simultaneously with the placement of the left foot on the ground, take another step with the right foot in place and start moving with the left foot in full step. In this case, the first three steps should be drill.

To stop the movement, a command is given (for example: "Private Petrov - stop!").

According to the executive command, given simultaneously with the placement of the right or left foot on the ground, take one more step and, putting the foot down, take a combat stance.

To change the speed of movement, commands are given: “Wider step!”, “Shorter step!”, “More step!”, “Less step!”, “Half step!”, “Full step!”.

Turns in motion are performed according to the commands: “To-right-to!”, “To left-to!”, “All around - march!”.

To turn right (left), the executive command is given simultaneously with the right (left) foot on the ground.

On this command, take a step from the left (right) foot, turn on the toe of the left (right) foot, simultaneously with the turn, take the right (left) foot forward and continue moving in a new direction.

To turn around, the executive command is given simultaneously with the right foot on the ground. On this command, take one more step with the left foot (on the account "one"), take the right foot half a step forward and slightly to the left and, sharply turning towards the left hand on the toes of both legs (on the account "two"), continue to move with the left feet in a new direction (on the account of "three").

When turning, the movement of the hands is made to the beat of the step.

Military salute is the embodiment of the comradely unity of military personnel, evidence of mutual respect and manifestation of a common culture.

All servicemen are obliged to greet each other when meeting (overtaking).

Subordinates and juniors military rank greet first, and in an equal position, the first to greet is the one who considers himself more polite and well-mannered.

Soldiers are required, in addition, to welcome:

Tomb of the Unknown Soldier;

Mass graves of soldiers who fell in the battles for the freedom and independence of the Fatherland;

The Battle Banner of the military unit, as well as the Naval flag with the arrival on the warship and upon departure from it;

Funeral processions accompanied by military units.

The military salute is performed clearly and valiantly, with strict observance of the rules of combat stance and movement.

To perform a military salute on the spot outside the formation without a headgear, three or four steps before the chief (senior) turn in his direction, take a combat stance and look at his face, turning his head after him.

If the headgear is worn, then, in addition, put the right hand to the headdress in the shortest way so that the fingers are together, the palm is straight, the middle finger touches the lower edge of the headdress (near the visor), and the elbow is at the line and height of the shoulder (Fig. 9a). When turning the head towards the chief (senior), the position of the hand at the headdress remains unchanged.

Rice. 9. Performing a military greeting: a - on the spot; b - in motion

When the chief (senior) passes the person performing the military greeting, put his head straight and at the same time lower his hand.

To perform a military salute in motion out of formation without a headgear, three or four steps before the chief (senior), simultaneously with setting the foot, stop moving with your hands, turn your head in his direction and, continuing to move, look at his face. Having passed the chief (senior), put your head straight and continue to move with your hands.

When wearing a headgear, simultaneously with placing the foot on the ground, turn your head and put your right hand on the headgear, keep your left hand motionless at the hip (Fig. 9, b); having passed the chief (senior), simultaneously with placing the left foot on the ground, put the head straight and lower the right hand.

When overtaking a chief (senior), perform a military salute with the first step of overtaking. With the second step, put your head straight and lower your right hand.

If a soldier's hands are occupied with a burden, perform a military greeting by turning his head towards the chief (senior).

Study questions:

1. Fire training and its purpose.

2. The device of the Kalashnikov assault rifle.

3. The order of incomplete disassembly and assembly of the machine.

4. Rules for shooting from a machine gun.

fire training- this is the training of military personnel in the use of standard weapons to hit targets in battle. It includes the study of the material part of the weapon, the rules and techniques of firing, methods of reconnaissance of targets and determining the range to them, fire control, and practicing the joint actions of the crew (calculation) when firing.

The modernized Kalashnikov assault rifle (Fig. 10) is an individual weapon and is designed to destroy enemy manpower. To defeat the enemy in hand-to-hand combat, a bayonet-knife is attached to the machine gun.

Rice. ten. The device of the machine: 1 - butt; 2 - protrusion of the guide rod of the return mechanism; 3 - translator; 4 – receiver cover; 5 - trigger; 6 - bolt carrier; 7 - drummer; 8 - shutter; 9 - aiming bar; 10 - block sight; 11 - handguard; 12 - gas piston; 13 - gas tube; 14 - barrel sleeve; 15 - front sight base; 16 - handguard; 17 - ramrod; 18 - trunk; 19 - store; 20 - store latch; 21 - mainspring; 22 – autostart lever; 23 - trigger; 24 - pistol grip; 25 - connecting screw; 26 - belonging

Automatic fire or single fire is carried out from the machine gun. Automatic fire is conducted in short (up to 5 shots) and long (up to 10 shots) bursts and continuously. The supply of cartridges during firing is made from a box magazine with a capacity of 30 rounds.

The most effective fire from a machine gun is at a distance of up to 400 m. Sighting range firing range - 1000 m. The range of a direct shot at a chest figure - 350 m, at a running figure - 525 m. Concentrated fire from machine guns at ground targets is carried out at a distance of up to 800 m, and at aircraft and paratroopers - up to 500 m. rate of fire about 600 rounds per minute. Combat rate of fire: when firing bursts - up to 100 rounds per minute, when firing single shots - up to 40 rounds per minute. The weight of the assault rifle without a bayonet-knife with an equipped light alloy magazine is 3.6 kg. The weight of the bayonet-knife with a scabbard is 450 g.

The machine consists of the following main parts and mechanisms:

Barrel with receiver, sighting device and stock;

receiver covers;

Bolt frame with gas piston;

shutter;

return mechanism;

Gas tube with handguard;

trigger mechanism;

Store;

Bayonet-knife.

AT machine kit Includes accessory, belt in pouch and magazine bag.

The disassembly and assembly of the machine is carried out on a table or a clean bedding; parts and mechanisms are placed in the order of disassembly, handle them carefully, do not stack one part on top of another and do not apply excessive force and sharp blows. When assembling the machine, compare the numbers on its parts: for each machine, the number on the receiver must correspond to the numbers on the gas tube, bolt carrier, bolt, receiver cover and other parts of the machine.

Dismantling the machine it can be incomplete and complete: incomplete - for cleaning, lubricating and inspecting the machine; full - for cleaning when the machine is very dirty, after being in the rain or in snow, when switching to a new lubricant and during repairs.

The procedure for incomplete disassembly of the machine

1) Separate store. Holding the machine with your left hand by the neck of the butt or fore-end, right hand grasp the magazine (Fig. 11) by pressing thumb on the latch, move the lower part of the magazine forward and separate it. After that, check if there is a cartridge in the chamber, for which lower the translator down, pull the bolt handle back, inspect the chamber, release the bolt handle and pull the trigger from the cocking.

Rice. eleven. Store branch

2) Take out the pencil case with accessories. Drown the cover of the butt socket with the finger of the right hand so that the pencil case comes out of the socket under the action of the spring; open the pencil case and remove the rubbing, brush, screwdriver, punch and hairpin from it.

3) Separate the cleaning rod. Pull the end of the ramrod away from the barrel so that its head comes out from under the stop on the base of the front sight (Fig. 12), and pull the ramrod up.

Rice. 12. Cleaning rod compartment

4) Separate the receiver cover. Grasp the neck of the stock with your left hand, press the protrusion of the guide rod of the return mechanism with the thumb of this hand, lift up the back of the receiver cover with your right hand (Fig. 13) and separate the cover.

Rice. 13. Receiver cover compartment

5) Separate the return mechanism. Holding the machine with your left hand by the neck of the butt, with your right hand push forward the guide rod of the return mechanism until its heel comes out of the longitudinal groove of the receiver; lift the rear end of the guide rod (Fig. 14) and remove the return mechanism from the channel of the bolt carrier.

Rice. fourteen. Return mechanism compartment

6) Separate the bolt carrier with the bolt. Continuing to hold the machine gun with your left hand, with your right hand pull the bolt frame back to failure, lift it together with the bolt (Fig. 15) and separate it from the receiver.

Rice. fifteen. Bolt carrier compartment with bolt

7) Separate the bolt from the bolt carrier. Take the bolt carrier in your left hand with the bolt up (Fig. 16), pull the bolt back with your right hand, turn it so that the bolt leading ledge comes out of the figured cutout of the bolt carrier, and pull the bolt forward.

Rice. 16. Separation of the bolt from the bolt carrier

8) Separate the gas tube with the handguard. Holding the machine with your left hand, with your right hand, put the case with the accessory with a rectangular hole on the protrusion of the gas pipe contactor, turn the contactor away from you to a vertical position (Fig. 17) and remove the gas pipe from the gas chamber nozzle.

Rice. 17. Contactor rotation

1) Attach the gas tube to the handguard. Holding the machine gun with your left hand, with your right hand push the gas tube with its front end onto the gas chamber nozzle and press the rear end of the handguard against the barrel; turn the contactor towards yourself with the help of the accessory case until its lock enters the recess on the sight block.

2) Attach bolt to bolt carrier. Take the bolt carrier in the left hand, and the bolt in the right hand and insert the bolt with the cylindrical part into the frame channel; rotate the bolt so that its leading ledge enters the figured cutout of the bolt carrier, and move the bolt forward.

Attach the bolt carrier with the bolt to the receiver. Take the bolt carrier in your right hand so that the bolt is held with your thumb in the forward position. Grasp the neck of the butt with your left hand, insert the gas piston into the cavity of the sight block with your right hand and push the bolt carrier forward so that the limbs of the receiver enter the grooves of the bolt carrier. With a little effort, press it against the receiver and push it forward.

4) Attach return mechanism. With your right hand, insert the return mechanism into the channel of the bolt carrier; while compressing the return spring, move the guide rod forward and, lowering it slightly down, insert its heel into the longitudinal groove of the receiver.

5) Attach the receiver cover. Insert the receiver cover with the front end into the semicircular cutout on the sight block; press the rear end of the cover with the palm of your right hand forward and downward so that the protrusion of the guide rod of the return mechanism enters the hole in the receiver cover.

6) Pull the trigger from the cocking and put on the safety. Pull the trigger and raise the translator up to failure.

7) Attach a cleaning rod.

8) Insert the pencil case into the stock socket. Put the accessory in the case and close it with a lid, put the case upside down into the butt socket (Fig. 18) and drown it so that the socket is closed with a lid.

Rice. eighteen. Inserting a pencil case into the magazine butt socket

9) Connect the magazine to the machine. Holding the machine with your left hand by the neck of the butt or fore-end, insert the magazine hook into the receiver window with your right hand (Fig. 19) and turn the magazine towards you so that the latch jumps over the magazine support ledge.

Rice. 19. Connecting the gas pipe

Shooting from a machine gun can be carried out from various provisions and from any position where the target or terrain is visible from where it is expected to appear.

At firing from a spot the submachine gunner assumes a position for firing while standing, kneeling and lying down, depending on the conditions of the terrain and enemy fire.

AT movement The submachine gunner can fire on the move without stopping and from a short stop.

For firing from a machine gun, a place is chosen that provides the best view and shelling, shelters the machine gunner from enemy observation and fire, and makes it possible to carry out shooting techniques quite conveniently.

Depending on the situation and the nature of the terrain, the submachine gunner moves in combat by running, at an accelerated pace, and by running or crawling. Before starting the movement, the machine is put on the fuse. When running, at an accelerated pace and when rushing, the machine is held with one or two hands, as it is more convenient. When crawling, the machine gun is held with the right hand by the belt at the upper swivel or by the handguard (Fig. 20).

Rice. twenty. Holding the machine while crawling in a plastunski

Shooting from a machine gun consists of getting ready to fire, firing (shot) and stopping firing.

Ready for shooting

The preparation for shooting includes taking a position for firing and loading the machine gun.

For assuming a prone position necessary:

1) move your right hand along the belt slightly upward and, removing the machine gun from your shoulder, grab it with your left hand by the trigger guard and receiver, then take the machine gun with your right hand by the handguard and forearm with the muzzle forward. At the same time, take a full step forward with your right foot and slightly to the right. Leaning forward, get down on your left knee and put your left hand on the ground in front of you, with your fingers to the right (Fig. 21, a), then, leaning sequentially on the thigh of the left leg and forearm of the left hand, lie on your left side and quickly turn on your stomach, spreading legs slightly to the sides with toes out; at the same time, put the machine gun on the palm of your left hand (Fig. 21, b);

Rice. 21. Procedure for assuming a prone position

2) if the machine is in the “on the chest” position. Take the machine gun from below by the handguard and handguard with your left hand and, lifting it slightly forward and upward, pull your right hand out from under the belt, and then throw the belt over your head and take the machine gun with your right hand by the handguard and handguard with the muzzle forward. In the future, the prone shooting position is taken in the same way as from the “on the belt” position with the machine gun.

For assuming a kneeling position(Fig. 22, a) it is necessary: ​​to take the machine gun in the right hand by the handguard and fore-end with the muzzle forward and at the same time, putting the right foot back, go down on the right knee and sit on the heel; the shin of the left leg should remain in a vertical position, and the hips should form an angle close to a right one. Move the machine gun with the forearm to the left hand, pointing it towards the target.

Rice. 22. Kneeling (a) and standing (b) positions

For assuming a standing position(Fig. 22, b) it is necessary:

1) if the machine is in the "on the belt" position, turn half-turn to the right in relation to the direction of the target and, without placing the left foot, set it aside to the left approximately shoulder-width apart, as is more convenient for the submachine gunner, while distributing the weight of the body evenly on both legs. At the same time, moving the right hand slightly upward along the belt, remove the machine gun from the shoulder and, grabbing it with the left hand from below by the forearm and handguard, vigorously move the muzzle forward towards the target;

2) if the machine is in the “on the chest” position, take the machine gun from below with the handguard and the handguard with your left hand and, lifting it slightly forward and upward, remove your right hand from under the belt, and then throw the belt over your head. At the same time, turn half a turn to the right and, without placing your left foot, set it aside to the left approximately shoulder-width apart, as it is more convenient for the submachine gunner, then vigorously move the machine with the muzzle forward towards the target.

When taking a position for shooting with a machine gun “on the chest”, it is allowed not to remove the belt from the neck, but to use it to hold the machine gun more firmly when shooting.

For loading machine necessary:

Holding the machine with your left hand by the fore-end, attach an equipped magazine to the machine with your right hand, if it has not been previously attached to it;

Put the translator on automatic fire if the machine is on the fuse;

With your right hand, by the handle, pull the bolt carrier back to failure and release it;

Put the machine on the fuse if there is no immediate opening of fire or the command “Fire!” Was not followed, and move your right hand to the pistol grip.

The production of shooting (shot) includes the installation of a sight, an interpreter for the required type of fire, an attachment, aiming, trigger release and holding the machine gun when firing.

For sight settings it is necessary, having brought the machine closer to you, with the thumb and forefinger of your right hand, squeeze the clamp latch (Fig. 23) and move the clamp until its front cut is aligned with the risk (division) under the corresponding number on the aiming bar.

Rice. 23. Sight installation

For setting the translator to the required type of fire it is necessary, pressing the thumb of the right hand on the protrusion of the translator, turn the translator down: to the first click - for automatic fire, to the second click - for single fire.

For machine gun attachments it is necessary, holding the weapon with the left hand by the forearm or magazine, and with the right hand by the pistol grip and without losing sight of the target, rest the butt against the shoulder so as to feel the entire recoil pad (shoulder rest) snug against the shoulder, the index finger of the right hand (the first joint ) put on the trigger. Tilt your head slightly forward and without straining your neck, attach your right cheek to the butt. At the same time, the elbows should be placed on the ground in the most comfortable position, approximately shoulder-width apart when firing from a prone position, standing and kneeling from a trench. The elbow of the left hand is placed on the flesh of the left leg at the knee, and the elbow of the right hand is raised approximately to shoulder height when firing from a kneeling position outside the trench. The elbow of the left hand is pressed to the side near the grenade bag if the machine is held by the magazine, and the elbow of the right hand is raised to about shoulder height when firing from a standing position outside the trench.

For aiming you need to close your left eye, and look with your right eye through the slot of the sight at the front sight so that the front sight falls in the middle of the slot, and its top is on a par with the upper edges of the mane of the aiming bar, i.e. take a flat front sight (Fig. 24). Holding your breath while exhaling, moving your elbows, and if you need the body and legs, bring an even front sight to the aiming point, while simultaneously pressing the trigger with the first joint of the index finger of your right hand.

Rice. 24. Smooth front sight

When aiming, you need to ensure that the mane of the aiming bar is in a horizontal position.

For pulling the trigger it is necessary, firmly holding the machine gun with the left hand by the fore-end or magazine, and pressing the pistol grip to the shoulder with the right hand, holding your breath, continue to gently press the trigger until the trigger, imperceptibly for the machine gunner, goes down from the cocking platoon, i.e. until shot will not occur.

When firing in bursts, it is necessary to firmly hold the butt in the shoulder, without changing the position of the elbows, keeping the front sight exactly taken in the slot of the sight under the chosen aiming point. After each turn, quickly restore the correct aiming.

Shooting from a place at a fixed and emerging target during the day

Goals:

Breast figure with circles on the shield 0.75 h 0.75 m, motionless; the shield is installed at the level of the ground surface (without clearance);

Attacking (counterattacking) shooter - a growth figure that appears for an unlimited time.

Ranges to targets:

To the chest figure - 100 m;

To the attacking (counterattacking) shooter - 200 m. The number of cartridges - 9, of which 3 are for shooting at the chest figure with circles.

Shooting time: unlimited. Shooting position: lying flat.

Grade. When both targets are hit, a score is given taking into account the "knocked out" points: "excellent" - 25 points; "good" - 20 points; "satisfactory" - 15 points.

Study questions:

1. Tactical training and its purpose.

2. The duties of a soldier in battle.

3. Ways of moving a soldier on the battlefield and the rules of firing in battle.

tactical training- This is a system for training the personnel of the unit, units and formations, as well as commanders and command and control agencies in the conduct of hostilities.

Tactical training of a soldier includes studying the characteristics of modern combat, techniques and actions in combat, methods of using weapons in combat, and instilling high moral and combat qualities in military personnel.

Modern Combat- the main form of tactical actions of aviation and navy troops, an organized armed clash of formations, units and subunits, which is strikes, fire and maneuver coordinated in terms of purpose, place and time in order to destroy (rout) the enemy and perform other tactical tasks in a certain area within short time.

Modern combat by its nature is combined arms. It is being conducted by the combined efforts of all troops participating in it using tanks, infantry fighting vehicles (armored personnel carriers), artillery, air defense equipment, aircraft, helicopters and other military equipment and weapons. Combined arms combat may be conducted with the use of nuclear weapons and other means of destruction, or with the use of conventional weapons only. In a battle with the use of only conventional weapons, the main means of destruction is the fire of artillery, tanks, infantry fighting vehicles (armored personnel carriers), anti-aircraft weapons and small arms in combination with air strikes. Combat is characterized by decisiveness, high maneuverability, tension and transience, rapid and abrupt changes in the situation, and a variety of methods used to conduct it.

Modern combat requires a great effort of moral and physical strength from the soldier, makes high demands on the quality of education and training of a soldier.

In battle, every soldier must:

Know the combat mission of the platoon, your squad (tank) and your mission;

Know the combat capabilities of tanks, other armored vehicles and anti-tank weapons of the enemy, their strengths and weaknesses, especially the most vulnerable spots;

Know the volume and sequence of equipment fortifications;

Constantly monitor, detect the enemy in a timely manner and immediately report him to the commander;

Boldly and decisively act on the offensive, steadfastly and stubbornly on the defensive, destroy the enemy by all means and means, show courage, initiative and resourcefulness in battle, help a comrade;

Skillfully use the terrain, personal protective equipment and the protective properties of machines; be able to quickly equip trenches and shelters, carry out camouflage, overcome barriers, obstacles and infection zones, install and neutralize anti-tank and anti-personnel mines; carry out special processing;

Be able to identify an air enemy and fire at his planes, helicopters and other air targets from small arms, know their most vulnerable spots;

Protect the commander in battle, in case of his injury or death, feel free to take command of the unit.

Ways of moving a soldier in battle. Depending on the nature of the terrain, the conditions of the situation and the impact of enemy fire, a soldier, when operating on foot, can move at an accelerated pace or run (in full height or crouching), running or crawling.

Areas hidden from observation and enemy fire are overcome at an accelerated pace or run. The pace of accelerated walking is on average 130–140 steps per minute, stride length is 80–90 cm.

Long-term movement at an accelerated pace is tiring, so it is advisable to use alternating walking and running. In the same way, the soldier moves during the attack. In this case, the weapon is held in position for the immediate opening of fire.

For covert movement in terrain with low shelters (low bushes, tall grass, ditch, etc.), crouching is used. With this method of movement, it is necessary to bend the knees, move the body forward, look ahead and move with a wide step. All movements are performed freely, without tension.

Driving up the slope performed in a shortened step with the body tilted forward. With a large steepness, the ascent should be made in zigzags, that is, move alternately with the right and then with the left side to the slope on slightly bent legs, resting the edges of the soles and heels on the ledges of the mountain. Steep climbs can also be climbed straight, holding onto branches, bushes, tufts of thick grass with your hands and placing your feet on your entire foot in a herringbone pattern.

Driving down the slope performed with a free step with the foot on the heel, tilting the body back. Descent along steep slopes can be done sideways, with side steps, if possible, holding on to the unevenness of the slope with your hand.

Driving on viscous or slippery ground made in short steps: the legs should be rearranged quickly so that they do not have time to sink deeply into the soil or slip off the support. It is necessary to put the foot on the entire foot and try to choose more solid areas for support (bumps, furrows, protrusions, roots, etc.).

To overcome certain areas of the terrain, a slow at an average pace and a high-speed run are used.

Slow running is used when moving over long distances. When running, the body leans forward slightly more than when walking. The pace of running is 150–165 steps per minute with a stride length of 70–90 cm.

Running at an average pace is done with a free swing step. At the same time, the body is held with a slight inclination forward. Rapid forward movement is ensured by an energetic rear push, after which the leg, bent at the knee, is carried forward and up with the hip and placed on the entire foot. The shin should not be carried much forward, and the foot should not be placed on the ground far from the projection of the center of gravity. The pace of running is 165-180 steps per minute, the stride length is 85-90 cm.

High-speed running is used when running over, running out of shelters to combat and transport vehicles, and taking a run before overcoming obstacles. The body leans forward more than when running at an average pace, and the repulsion of the leg and the movement of the arms are more energetic. An increase in the length of the step is provided by the rear push with the foot and the rapid removal of it with the hip forward. The leg after repulsion is carried forward and upward bent at the knee and gently placed on the front of the foot, followed by support on the entire foot. The pace of running is 180-200 steps per minute, the stride length is 120-150 cm.

rushes are used to quickly approach the enemy in open areas. To run from a prone position, you must first put the weapon on the fuse, according to a preliminary command, outline the path of movement and a sheltered stopping place. Then, at the executive command, quickly jump up, as when executing the command “Get up!”, And quickly run across to the intended place. At the place of a stop with a running start, lie down on the ground, crawl a little to the side, and having reached the place indicated in the command, get ready for firing. The length of the dash depends on the terrain and enemy fire and should be on average 20-40 paces. The more open the area and the stronger the fire, the faster and shorter the dash should be.

crawling It is used for imperceptibly approaching the enemy and covertly overcoming areas of terrain that have little cover, uneven terrain and are under enemy observation or shelling.

Depending on the situation, terrain and enemy fire, crawling is carried out in a plastunsky way, on half-fours and on the side. As before the dash, you must first outline the path of movement and the shelter of the place to stop.

To crawl in a plastunsky way, you need to lie down tightly on the ground, take the weapon by the belt at the upper swivel with your right hand and put it on the forearm of this hand. Pull up the right (left) leg and at the same time extend the left (right) arm as far as possible, pushing off with a bent leg, move forward, pull up the other leg, stretch out the other arm and continue moving in the same order. When crawling, do not raise your head high.

To crawl on half-fours, kneel down and lean on your forearms or on your hands. Pull the bent right (left) leg under the chest, at the same time stretch the left (right) arm forward. Move the body forward until the right (left) leg is fully extended, while pulling the other bent leg under you and stretching the other arm, continue moving in the same order. Keep weapons: when relying on the forearms - the same as when crawling in a plastunsky manner; when resting on the hands - in the right hand.

To crawl on your side, lie on your left side, pulling your left leg forward, bent at the knee, lean on the forearm of your left hand; with your right foot, rest your heel on the ground as close as possible to yourself; unbending the right leg, move the body forward, without changing the position, continue moving in the same order. Hold the weapon with the right hand, placing it on the thigh of the left leg.

For firing, the machine gunner takes the place indicated by the squad leader or chooses it himself, taking into account the situation, the nature of the terrain and the task. The shooting area should provide a wide view and fire and cover the shooter from enemy observations.

The rules for preparing for shooting and the production of shooting are set out in the topic "Fire preparation".

Study questions:

1. Physical training and its tasks in the training of military personnel.

Physical training is an integral part of military training and education of military personnel of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Its purpose is to ensure the physical readiness of soldiers for combat and daily activities.

Main tasks physical training military personnel are:

Development and continuous improvement of endurance, strength, speed and agility;

Mastering skills in moving across rough terrain on foot and skiing, overcoming obstacles, hand-to-hand combat, military-applied swimming;

Improving physical development, strengthening health and increasing the body's resistance to the effects of adverse factors of military professional activity.

Physical training is carried out on training sessions, during morning physical exercises, during mass sports work and in training in the process of combat training activities.

Morning physical exercises are carried out for the purpose of systematic physical training of military personnel. It contributes to the rapid bringing of the body after sleep into a vigorous state, is obligatory element daily routine and is carried out 10 minutes after getting up.

Physical exercises previously studied in practical exercises are used during the exercises. The alternation of charging options (Table P 1) is carried out taking into account the general and special tasks of physical training, the material base and the characteristics of combat training of military personnel.

In the course of charging according to the first variant, general developmental, special exercises and exercises together are performed repeatedly at an increasing pace. Special exercises include vigorous turns, tilts and rotations of the torso and head, jumping with 180 ° and 360 ° turns, running with turns, and the simplest hand-to-hand combat techniques. Two-man exercises include tilts, turns, squats, flips over the back of a partner, pulling and pushing each other. The main part of the exercise is carried out in the form of consistently repeating combinations of general developmental, special exercises and exercises together with a run of 500-1000 m.

On the second option, running for speed, relay races, training in mixed movement up to 4 km or running up to 3 km are used. First, training is carried out in mixed movement: running for 600-1000 m alternates with walking for 200-300 m (two or three times). Training in continuous running begins with a distance of 2 km at the end of the first month of training; at the end of the second month, the distance increases to 3 km and is covered in 18–16 minutes; at the end of the third month, the distance of 3 km is covered in 16–15 minutes.

Table P1

According to the third option of charging, exercises from different sections of physical training are performed. To change places of employment, the military personnel, at the command (signal) of the head, move in a circle. Selection of exercises, their dosing, exercise stress determined by the tasks and level of preparedness of military personnel.

A distance of 1 km on charging is overcome at the beginning of the training period in 6-5 minutes, then in 5-4 minutes; 1.5 km - respectively in 10-9 and 8-7 minutes; 2 km - 12-11 and 10-9 minutes; 3 km - 18-16 and 16-15 minutes.

The pulse rate during charging should not exceed 160 bpm.

In winter conditions at low temperatures, exercise is carried out at a fast pace in the form of alternating walking and running in combination with general developmental and special exercises. If there is a danger of strong cooling, the exercise is carried out in overcoats (jackets) and includes walking, which alternates with a run that is moderate in speed and duration.

Order of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation of February 24, 2010 N 96/134
"On the Approval of the Instructions on the Organization of the Training of Citizens of the Russian Federation in Basic Knowledge in the Field of Defense and Their Training on the Basics of Military Service in Educational Institutions of Secondary (Complete) General Education, Educational Institutions of Primary Vocational and Secondary Vocational Education and Training Centers"

In pursuance of Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 31, 1999 N 1441 "On approval of the Regulations on the preparation of citizens of the Russian Federation for military service" (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2000, N 2, Art. 225; 2009, N 25, Art. 3064 ) we order:

1. Approve the Instruction on organizing the training of citizens of the Russian Federation in basic knowledge in the field of defense and their training in the basics of military service in educational institutions of secondary (complete) general education, educational institutions of primary vocational and secondary vocational education and training centers (annex to this order).

2. Control over the implementation of this order shall be entrusted to the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (Main Organizational and Mobilization Directorate) and Deputy Minister of Education and Science of the Russian Federation Kalina I.I.

Registration N 16866

The procedure for training Russian citizens in the field of defense and training in the basics of military service has been determined. Events are held in educational institutions of secondary (complete) general education, primary and secondary vocational education, in training centers.

The objectives of the training are to form the moral, psychological and physical qualities of a citizen necessary for military service, to instill patriotism, respect for the armed forces, to study the main provisions of the legislation in the field of state defense, to acquire civil defense skills, etc.

In educational institutions, the educational and material base is being created and constantly improved. It includes a subject room with educational and visual aids, technical training aids, a sports town with an obstacle course, a shooting range or a shooting area (electronic shooting simulator).

The basics of military service are taught teaching staff educational institutions. They are selected together with the military commissariat.

Training centers are being created in educational institutions. Here, citizens who have reached the age of 16, who are not studying in the institutions themselves and who have not been trained in the basics of military service, can gain knowledge. Are being created study groups 20-30 people in each. Classes are held 2-3 times a week. Their duration is 2-3 hours.

At the end of training, citizens pass tests. A special commission is being created.

On the basis of formations and military units of the Armed Forces, other troops, formations and bodies, training camps are held annually. All citizens studying in educational institutions and training centers are involved in them. Exceptions - persons exempted from fees for health reasons. The duration of training camps is 5 days (35 training hours).

Standards have been established for the material and technical equipment of educational institutions, safety requirements for firing, a recommended procedure for evaluating the results of training camps. A sample of the educational and thematic plan is given.

Order of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation of February 24, 2010 N 96/134 "On approval of the Instruction on the organization of training of citizens of the Russian Federation in basic knowledge in the field of defense and their training on the basics of military service in educational institutions of secondary (complete) general education , educational institutions of primary vocational and secondary vocational education and training centers"

Registration N 16866

This Order shall enter into force 10 days after the date of its official publication.