military penicillin. Intelligence complex "Penicillin": a harsh cure for artillery

The press service of the Ruselectronics holding reported that state tests of a new automated complex are being completed in Russia artillery reconnaissance, developed as part of the Penicillin R&D by the St. Petersburg Research Institute Vector.

More precisely, there are two complexes - sound reconnaissance (1B75) and sound-thermal reconnaissance (1B76). The complexes are designed for reconnaissance of firing positions of the receiver and rocket artillery, as well as anti-aircraft and tactical missiles. “The system receives and processes acoustic signals from shots (explosions) and provides information about the location of the explosion of the ammunition, the accuracy of the hit, and also reports the location of the guns. The time for obtaining the coordinates of a single target does not exceed five seconds, ”the Ruselectronics press release says.

The depth of action of the complexes is 25 kilometers from the front line. The complexes include several sound receivers installed on the surface of the earth, and an optoelectronic module operating both in the infrared and in the visible spectrum. The equipment is located on the chassis of the KamAZ-6350. The optical-electronic module, equipped with six television and six thermal imaging cameras, is located on a retractable telescopic rod. The equipment of the complexes is able to work at any time of the day.

Research Institute "Vector" began the development of complexes in 2006. The start of testing was scheduled for 2013. However, due to circumstances, both objective and subjective, the deadlines were shifted by almost a year and a half. In this connection, the Ministry of Defense sued the research institute, seeking to pay a penalty in the region of 10 million rubles. However, in March last year, the Court of Appeal put an end to this case, considering that the half of the requested amount paid by the defendant would be enough for the plaintiff.

Preliminary tests, which took place at the beginning of this year at the Donguz test site in the Orenburg region, demonstrated the reliability and high efficiency of the complexes. In a TV report, which was shown in March on the Zvezda channel, the developers claimed that the equipment reacts even to the slam of the door. The complexes have a high direction finding accuracy - the error does not exceed one and a half minutes of arc. The reaction time of "Penicillin" - from firing an enemy gun to obtaining its coordinates - does not exceed 5 seconds. So if self-propelled fired artillery mount, then it is quite possible to hit it with a return shot, since it takes more time for self-propelled guns to change positions for firing.

Complexes "Penicillin" belong to the equipment of counter-battery combat. This kind military equipment uses various methods detection of artillery pieces and rocket launchers - both acoustic, and visual, and radar. But at the same time, the developers of the Research Institute "Vector" have taken a significant step forward. Head of the Mikhailovskaya Military Artillery Academy, Lieutenant General Sergey Bakaneev, believes that the 1B75 and 1B76 complexes are two to two and a half times more effective than the existing samples. Even with intense shelling, "Penicillin" is able to take direction finding more than 90% of enemy firing points.

The method by which firing points are detected and plotted on an electronic map requires the highest computational performance of a computer. At the same time, they use the most complex algorithms. Something similar is used in seismic exploration of oil and gas fields.

Another significant advantage of the Penicillin complexes is the passive principle of detecting firing points. That is, unlike radar-based counter-battery systems, it does not emit radio waves, by which the enemy can locate it and suppress it with artillery or rocket fire, as well as with the help of attack aircraft. "Penicillin" is not afraid of anti-radar missiles.

Counter-battery radars have a longer history. Their development began in the mid-70s, when computers began to appear that had sufficient performance with a small volume and low power consumption, capable of being placed on a caterpillar or wheeled chassis.

Their principle of action is different from that used in Penicillin. The radar station monitors the flights of enemy mines, shells and missiles. According to the fixed segment of the trajectory, with the help of mathematical data processing, the entire trajectory is determined. Moreover, its starting point and end point are calculated, that is, the location of the gun or launcher and the place where the ammunition fell.

At the same time, different ammunition has different trajectories. In the simplest case, this is a parabola along which artillery mines fly. Projectiles have a more complex trajectory. Rockets have their own characteristics of flight. All this is taken into account in the calculations.

Different ammunition can be detected at different ranges, which is predetermined by their different sizes. That is, the effective scattering area of ​​the radar signal. At the maximum distance for each specific complex, heavy missiles can be detected, since the radar "sees" them better. At the minimum - artillery shells small calibers.

This type of systems is designed not only to determine enemy firing points in order to suppress them with return fire, but also to adjust the firing of their own artillery. They are attached to artillery batteries and rocket systems divisions. salvo fire.

The first counter-battery radar in the Soviet Union was the ARK-1 "Lynx" complex, developed at the Tula Research Institute "Strela" (now - NPO "Strela", part of the Almaz-Antey concern). Its serial production began in 1977 at the Tula Arsenal plant. The radar with a radiation power of 20 kW was located on a tracked chassis with a body that provided bulletproof protection. "Lynx" managed to fight in Afghanistan, becoming a serious help Soviet artillery.

ARK-1 detected cannon artillery firing positions at a distance of up to 9 km, mortar positions - 12 km, MLRS - 16 km. At the same time, the correction of own fire was carried out at a distance of up to 11 km for cannon artillery, 14 km for mortars and 20 km for MLRS. The accuracy of determining the point of impact of the ammunition was several tens of meters.

In 1981, the Strela Research Institute began to create more perfect complex which was named "Zoo". On the basis of this development, a family of counter-battery complexes was created - Zoo, Zoo-1, Zoo-2 and Zoo-1M. Using the experience in creating the Lynx complex, having improved its parameters, the developers completed the task in 3 years. However, when the prototypes were being prepared for testing, the Department of Defense changed the technical requirements, introducing additional functions into them. In particular, tracking unmanned aerial vehicles aircraft. As a result, the completion date of the project has been pushed back. The converted complex went to the test only in 1988.

Last modification complex, the most advanced - 1L261 "Zoo-1M" ​​- entered the test in 2013 and began to enter the troops quite recently. In fact, this is a new development that uses a three-coordinate phased array radar and a new elemental base that provides a more accurate location of the coordinates of enemy firing points and works with a large number of trajectories per minute.

Characteristics of 1L261 were not disclosed. But it is known that the 1L219M Zoo-1 complex, which was put into service in 2008, is inferior in terms of capabilities to the latest Strela development. Although this modification is significantly different from the counter-battery systems of the last century. It also surpasses the capabilities of the American AN / TPQ-36 complex. In March last year, two Zoo-1 complexes were delivered to Syria at the Khmeimim base. There was no information about their participation in hostilities.

For effective work, artillery needs various means of reconnaissance. With their help, it is necessary to control the results of firing, as well as determine the location of enemy batteries. Now, to solve such problems, specialized radar stations are used that can track the flight and hit of shells or missiles. In the near future, reconnaissance artillerymen will have to start operating a new reconnaissance complex using other detection methods. The promising automated complex 1B75 "Penicillin" is able to perform all its tasks by processing sound and visual information.

Now the main contribution to the work of artillery reconnaissance is made by specialized radar stations. They are able to track the flight of their own and enemy projectiles, determining the points of their launch and fall. Identification of the point of impact of one's projectile allows one to adjust the aiming of the guns for a successful hit of the target, and information about the location of the launch of the enemy is intended to organize a retaliatory strike. Reconnaissance radars cope with their tasks, but are not without drawbacks. First of all, they are subject to negative influence electronic warfare or strikes using anti-radar.

AZTK 1B75 "Penicillin" in position

In the distant past, special acoustic systems. As it turned out, the use of sound vibrations and visual information is quite capable of being used in modern conditions. However, now we are talking about other principles for receiving and processing data using a modern component base.

A few years ago, development work with the cipher "Penicillin" began in our country, the purpose of which was to create a fundamentally new automated sound-thermal complex (AZTK) for artillery reconnaissance of the army level. According to the terms of reference, information about flying and falling projectiles was to be collected using seismic sensors and infrared cameras. The use of radar equipment was excluded.

The development of the Penicillin project was carried out at the Vector Research Institute (St. Petersburg), which is part of the Vega radio engineering concern (a division of Rostec). Other enterprises in the industry could be involved in the work. In the near future, mass production of products should start; it was planned to entrust it to the enterprises of the holding " Russian electronics(also part of the state corporation Rostec).

For the first time, the existence of the new AZTK 1B75 "Penicillin" was told to the general public in March 2017. By this time, the enterprises participating in the project managed to complete the development technical documentation, and also built prototype complex. Testing of equipment was also started at one of the test sites. Russian ministry defense. These circumstances allowed the military department not only to tell the public about promising development but also to show it in action. However, the main part of the data on the new intelligence complex was not subject to disclosure.

Model of the complex at the exhibition "Army-2018"

In May last year, representatives of Roselectronics clarified information on the Penicillin project, and also announced some new information. In addition, the latest and plans for the near future were published. It was reported that at that time the 1B75 product was completing state tests. In the near future, it was supposed to carry out the required procedures, after which it was possible to start mass production. The start of assembly of serial complexes is scheduled for early 2019.

Subsequently, materials on the Penicillin AZTK project, including a mock-up, were shown at the Army exhibition. It is curious that the models shown this year were noticeably different in appearance from the prototypes that were tested and became the "protagonists" of the news last spring. Nevertheless, the general architecture of the complex, its functions and capabilities remained the same.

The automated sound-thermal artillery reconnaissance complex 1B75 "Penicillin" is a mobile system on a self-propelled chassis capable of monitoring the situation in a given area and detecting the operation of enemy guns or controlling the accuracy of firing of own artillery. Due to the use of fundamentally new methods of operation, the complex solves its problems without unmasking itself with any radiation. All the main devices of the complex, with the exception of communications, operate exclusively in the receive mode.

A promising AZTK is built on the basis of an automobile chassis with the appropriate characteristics. Thus, the prototypes tested last year were based on the KamAZ-63501 vehicle. This year, the exhibition showed a mock-up of a reconnaissance complex based on a different chassis. The available data suggest that the Penicillin equipment can be mounted on base vehicles. different models. Only the carrying capacity and dimensions of the cargo area matter.

Optoelectronic module "Penicillin-OEM" in working position

The prototypes were built on the KamAZ-63501 chassis. It is an all-wheel drive four-axle vehicle designed for mounting various target equipment or other payloads. The machine is completed diesel engine 360 hp and is capable of carrying a load with a total mass of up to 16 tons on the frame. Max speed on the highway exceeds 90 km/h, regardless of the type of payload.

In the case of Penicillin, a new unit is mounted on the chassis, behind the cabover cab, which includes a support for the mast device and boxes for storing special devices. Behind it, a unified van body is installed, accommodating workstations, special equipment, etc. The chassis is also equipped with four hydraulic jacks. A couple of these devices are located next to the special equipment, the other two are at the rear of the machine.

One of the means of reconnaissance is the Penicillin-OEM optical-electronic module. It is a stabilized platform with several cameras of several types, mounted on a lifting mast. AT current form the 1B75 complex is equipped with a lifting mast. When the complex is put into working position, the mast rises vertically, bringing the cameras to the required height. In the stowed position, the mast is laid back on the roof of the van. The platform with cameras is equipped with vertical and horizontal aiming drives, providing all-round visibility in azimuth and changing the elevation angle.

"Penicillin-OEM" includes six television cameras at once and the same number of thermal imagers. They are placed in two box-shaped cases, movably fixed on a common swivel base. Both housings have motorized front covers to protect the optics from damage during shipping. Television and thermal imaging cameras have an angle of view of 70° in azimuth and 10° in elevation. The signal from all 12 devices simultaneously arrives at computing machines and processed together. At the same time, a high quality of "stitching" of individual fields of view is ensured. The possibility of continuous operation of the cameras for 18 hours is provided, after which a break of 1 hour is required.

Installation of acoustic sensors

With the help of the Penicillin-OEM module, the artillery reconnaissance complex must monitor a given sector and detect flashes of shots or shell explosions. By processing data from a set of cameras, automation is able to determine the direction to the flash point with high accuracy. The calculation of data on the found gap is carried out in real time.

The sound-thermal reconnaissance complex also has means for receiving and processing sound signals. The complex includes four devices for collecting acoustic signals, as well as equipment for their processing. The receiving device is a product with a body of characteristic curved shape. These devices are proposed to be placed at certain positions near the complex and connected to it using cables. The main element of the receiving device is a seismic sensor that receives ground vibrations and converts them into an electrical signal.

shot from artillery piece or a projectile burst creates a sound wave in the ground, propagating over considerable distances. Receiving devices "Penicillin" are able to detect this wave, after which the automation produces necessary calculations. The special arrangement of the four seismic sensors leads to the reception of oscillations with one or another delay. The difference in the signal arrival time allows you to determine the direction to the source of vibrations, as well as the distance to it. Apparently, sound reconnaissance means can be used together with optical ones, which significantly increases the speed of calculations and the accuracy of determining the coordinates of a gun or a projectile impact site.

According to published data, AZTK 1B75 "Penicillin" is able to detect firing positions or places where shells fall in an area up to 25 km wide along the front. The detection range of the enemy mortar reaches 10 km, other types of cannon artillery - 18 km. Provides high detection accuracy: up to 1.5 arc minutes in azimuth. To calculate the location of the source of sound waves or infrared radiation it takes only 5 s. Regardless of the conditions and intensity of artillery work, the complex can take direction finding at least 90% of explosions or shots.

Data from seismic sensors on the screen of the operator's workplace

With the help of regular means of communication, "Penicillin" is able to interact with artillery formations. It can work in the spotter mode and determine the places where shells fall, the data on which will allow the gunners to correct the aiming and deliver an accurate strike. When solving counter-battery tasks, the 1B75 complex must identify enemy firing positions and issue target designation to its gunners for a retaliatory strike. The minimum time is required to receive and process data, followed by the issuance of information to consumers, which increases the efficiency of artillery.

The most important feature of the new AZTK 1B75 "Penicillin" is the ability to work at some distance from the front line. In addition, it is distinguished by the absence of unmasking factors during operation. All the main components of the complex work only for reception, while in the transmission mode only the radio station operates, which provides communication. Thus, the enemy does not have the opportunity to identify specific signs and take measures against this complex. In this regard, "Penicillin" has advantages over other means of artillery reconnaissance, using other principles of detection.

Last year, it was reported that a new type of automated sound-thermal artillery reconnaissance complex is undergoing state tests and will be able to go into series in the foreseeable future. AT recent times negative news about "Penicillin" did not arrive, which is a reason for optimism. Apparently, the industry has successfully coped with the tasks set, and is currently preparing production capacity to the future release of technology.

What will be the order of the Ministry of Defense for 1B75 "Penicillin" for domestic ground forces, has not yet been specified. However, the consequences of acquiring such equipment are already clear and obvious. The new funds will increase the potential of reconnaissance units and, at the same time, will have a positive effect on the capabilities of the missile forces and artillery. Rocketeers and gunners will be able to hit assigned targets faster and more efficiently or protect their troops from enemy fire.

According to the websites:
http://tass.ru/
http://tvzvezda.ru/
http://romz.ru/
http://vega.su/
http://bastion-karpenko.ru/
http://russianarms.ru/

The new Russian 1B75 “Penicillin” sound-thermal artillery reconnaissance complex can become a breakthrough “method for eliminating American heavy artillery” and thereby revolutionize weapons, just as its namesake turned all medicine upside down, writes the American analytical publication National Interest.

The authors of the article note that in order to detect noise and kinetic energy, this system fixation uses four sound-thermal locators, a huge stabilization platform and an optoelectronic module. In addition, Penicillin is equipped with six conventional and six thermal imaging cameras for lightning-fast sorting of information.

Experts point out that the complex can find targets in just five seconds within a radius of up to 25 kilometers, and also prematurely determine the places where enemy shells fall. As noted in the Russian, the detectors of the complex are so accurate that they can even detect a bang with a door. At the same time, Penicillin is fully automated.

According to reports, among the advantages there is a low probability of its detection by enemy artillery. This is due to the fact that "Penicillin" does not use the inherent radar electromagnetic waves. The complex was first presented last year, now it is completing test tests and expects serial production in 2019.

On the eve it became known what unfolded in Mordovia radar station over-the-horizon detection of a new generation of the "Container" type, which can track hypersonic missiles at a distance of three thousand kilometers.

“The radar is capable of controlling the flights of any air targets at a distance of about 3 thousand kilometers.

and can simultaneously accompany more than 5 thousand air objects various types, including small ones,” the ministry said.

The ministry also emphasized that the station will have to provide reconnaissance of hypersonic air objects over the territory of Western European states and in southwestern region.

Two months earlier, the Russian Ministry of Defense published a video with footage of tests of the latest Russian combat robot Nerekhta and combat robotic systems Uran-9. The publication was dedicated to the Day of the Ground Forces, which is celebrated in Russia on October 1st.

The Nerekhta robotic complex is equipped with a tracked chassis, armored hull and mounts for special equipment. Three modules have been developed for the robot: combat, transport and artillery reconnaissance.

"Uran-9" is used for reconnaissance, fire support of motorized rifle units and counter-terrorism tasks. It is noted that the armored vehicle is armed with a 30-mm automatic cannon and Ataka anti-tank guided missiles.

In June of this year, US Secretary of the Army Mark Esper said that his department had precision-guided weapons long range considered as the number one priority in the modernization of the US Army.

“Even the US military hospital in the German city of Landstuhl is within range of Russian missiles.

It is at this distance rocket troops RF Armed Forces can hit our targets. We currently have practically no such thing as a "deep rear".

All our facilities in Europe could suddenly find themselves under deadly enemy fire, ”one of the high-ranking officers of the US Ground Forces assessed the current situation.

The developers of weapons for the US Army said that design bureaus and industries intend to design and put into service american army an integrated series of weapon models in order to fully comply with the priorities outlined in in general terms Mark Esper.

Such a series will include a long-range precision-guided missile, hypersonic weapons for the ground forces, and long-range artillery. For the latter, the task is to double the firing range of 155-mm projectiles and reach the kill line of 60 km.

To solve this problem, it is planned to use a longer barrel, active rockets with ramjet engines and new materials. This, according to the developers, will allow shooting at a distance of 60 km and beyond.

In May, Western experts analyzed how Russia plans to shoot down American F-22s and F-35s. NSN. We are talking about the Struna-1 bistatic radar system, which is capable of tracking stealth fighters equipped with stealth technology, including fifth-generation F-22 and F-35 aircraft of the US Air Force.

The international military forum "Army-2018" continues. A significant part of its exposition is occupied by artillery and rocket systems. Visitors can see the latest Koalitsiya-SV self-propelled gun, the Iskander tactical complex, the 203 mm Malka cannon and many other interesting developments. But artillery is not only what shoots, its effective work is impossible without high-quality target designation and reconnaissance means.

It is for this reason that at the stand of the main rocket and artillery directorate of the RF Ministry of Defense you can see a model of a new reconnaissance complex, which is known to the general public under the name "Penicillin". Experts believe that its appearance can lead to the same revolution in artillery that its "namesake" in medicine once made. Thanks to the sensitive sensors of the complex, the military will be able to determine the location of enemy batteries with great accuracy, while remaining invisible to the enemy. "Penicillin" will be able to detect even launchers anti-aircraft and tactical missiles.

It is planned that next year the reconnaissance complex will begin to enter the troops.

What is "Penicillin" and what is it for

Today, enemy artillery positions are detected using radar systems. A typical example of such equipment is the Zoopark-1 anti-battery radar, adopted by Russian army in 2008. Its principle of operation is quite simple: the radar detects the trajectories of projectiles or missiles, and then the computer calculates where they were launched from. The problem is that the use of radar instantly reveals the location of the station itself, making it vulnerable to enemy fire. In addition, it can be suppressed using various electronic warfare systems.

True, there are advantages: the "Zoo" is able not only to calculate enemy batteries, but also to effectively adjust the fire of its own artillery.

The Penicillin complex works quite differently. Its main part is a remote optoelectronic module of thermal direction-finding equipment, designed to detect radiation in the infrared and visible spectrum from the terrain and various objects. It is located on a special bar, which unfolds during combat use.

In addition, this complex incorporates special sound receivers that literally “listen” to the ground, like acoustics on submarines. The information received from the sensors is sent to the receiving equipment and displays the situation in real time.

"Penicillin" is able to pinpoint the positions of mortars at distances of 10 km, the location of self-propelled guns and towed artillery - up to 18 km, rocket launchers - up to 40 km.

Up to 30 targets can be detected at the same time. The reconnaissance strip is 20-25 km wide. During the tests, the complex showed a very high accuracy, reaching one and a half minutes of arc. More precise data on its characteristics are still kept secret.

The samples of the complex shown earlier were installed on the chassis of a KamAZ-6350 truck. At the Army-2018 forum, another version was demonstrated - using an armored car

There is no escape from artillery fire! Or is there anyway? Recently, state tests were completed in the Russian Federation the newest complex artillery reconnaissance 1B75 "Penicillin". What is it and what is it for?

How to find a gun

Fighting enemy artillery is a long-standing and honorable occupation. Even before the First World War, they invented a miracle unit called the Le Boulanger sound rangefinder. We take a glass tube with a mixture of water and alcohol, in addition to the liquid inside - a light float-pointer. Seeing the flash of a shot, put it vertically. The float descends at a known speed, and when the sound of a shot arrives, it is displaced by a certain number of divisions. After that, you can calculate the distance. The accuracy of this gadget - you can imagine.

The staff captain of the Russian army Nikolai Benois in 1909 came up with a more cunning sound receiver. A thick paper membrane is hung on a tripod, "facing" to the enemy. Fits sound wave, after which the membrane contacts break and stop the time counter. We set up three or four sound posts over several hundred meters - we get the approximate distance and direction to the source of the sound, that is, the enemy battery. And we shoot back.

In World War I, sound intelligence was used with might and main.

If the instruments are properly adjusted and corrections are taken into account, neither the night, nor the fog, nor the relief will save the enemy.

And you can also adjust your shots!

Experiments with radar to fight against enemy artillery began in World War II. First in the navy, and then on land. And off we go ... Vietnam, Afghanistan, then everywhere.

An enemy projectile flies - we immediately calculate the trajectory back: to a cannon, mortar or rocket launcher. And we also send warm greetings in return.

Artillery reconnaissance complex "Zoo" ()

In our army, for this, there are installations of artillery reconnaissance "Zoo" and "Aistenok" (both of which were used in Syria). In the USA - AN / TPQ-53 of the famous Lockheed Martin company. Sweden and Norway have ARTHUR (Artillery Hunting Radar). In addition to shells, some samples are also able to detect drones.

Why then do we need "Penicillin"? Do not rush to conclusions!

"Do you see the gopher? And I don't see. And he is"

First, radars are not omnipotent. Their effectiveness against different targets varies greatly. In the real conditions of the war in Afghanistan, the Soviet ARK-1 stations turned out to be too complicated, and they often refused.

Secondly, radars can be interfered with. Or just detect their radiation and cover the positions of reconnaissance stations. Finally, you can simply not shoot when the enemy radar is working.

But "Penicillin" is a completely different matter! We put several sensitive sound sensors on the ground. The developers claim that they will be able to detect even the bang of the door. A shot of a gun or a burst of a projectile - even more so. At a distance of up to 25 kilometers.

Modern computers allow you to give out the coordinates of enemy guns in five seconds, as soon as they open fire.

The direction finding error does not exceed one and a half minutes of arc.

Mortars, for example, are detected at a distance of up to 10 kilometers, self-propelled guns- up to 18, rocket launchers - up to 40. The reconnaissance strip is 20-25 kilometers, and at the same time "Penicillin" can conduct three dozen targets.

In theory, "Penicillin" is easily integrated into artillery fire control systems. The radio communication range is up to 40 kilometers.

The work of Penicillin itself cannot be detected by radar. And no one knows if there is this "gopher" nearby - or not.

And Penicillin also has an optoelectronic module. These are six thermal imaging and six television cameras in a single housing and on a retractable telescopic rod. The viewing angle of the camera is at least 70 degrees.

Instead of sending scouts to the front line, now you can put the car in cover and raise the module. After full deployment, the complex does not even require the intervention of operators - it works automatically.

Inside the Penicillin cabin

The novelty was immediately noticed abroad. The National Interest magazine broke out on "Penicillin" in a separate article. And if the Su-57 fighters are usually scolded there - they say, they are not so scary and will cost a lot (so the reader does not need to be afraid), - then this time the tone of the article was quite respectful.

For the first time about "Penicillin" was told in March 2017, when a prototype was tested at the Donguz test site in the Orenburg region - based on KAMAZ-6350. At the Army-2018 forum, an already modified version was shown, on the Typhoon-K chassis.

Recently completed state tests. What will be next? Let's see. But the fact that new artillery requires new methods of dealing with it is a fact.