Useful finger games with sticks. Games with sticks and matches
It has long been known how important it is to develop fine motor skills of the hands in a child, that the movements of the fingers and hands have a huge impact on the development of speech and all higher nervous activity child.
The proposed games and exercises with various objects can be carried out with children both individually and used as an element of a group lesson.
All the exercises described are simple in technique, but at the same time, with regular use in working with children, they provide good workout fingers and preparing the muscles of the hand for writing. The use of exercises with objects has a tonic effect on the functional state of the brain and the development of children's speech, causing them an emotional upsurge and a discharge of neuropsychic stress.
Finger gymnastics with trihedral pencils.
To perform the exercises, you need unsharpened trihedral pencils, a roller.
Exercise number 1 "Stilts"
Using two pencils, depict how they move on stilts:
The man is not bored
Walking along the path
He went to the swamp
And he went through all the bumps.
(you can offer a drawn path. See below)
Exercise number 2 "Interceptions"
Intercept the pencil with bent index fingers of the left and right hands
Like clever bugs
Fingers like hooks
Let's grab a pencil.
Exercise number 3 "Pipe"
Take a pencil with your thumb and forefinger and, without helping yourself with the other hand, intercept it with your thumb and middle fingers, thumb and ring finger, etc.
Fingers don't rest
The pencil is sorted out
How to play the flute.
Exercise number 4 "Warming the palms"
Squeeze the roller between the palms while counting from 1 to 5, then, counting from 6 to 10, relax your hands while holding the roller; at the expense of 1, strongly squeeze the roller between the palms, at the expense of 2, relax your hands, holding the roller. Repeat several times.
Roll a roller or pencil:
- on the table with palms;
- on the table with fingertips;
- between palms:
Pencil, roll in hand
And warm your hands.
We ride very fast
We never freeze.
The pressure and the rate of rotation should be gradually increased.
Exercise number 5 "We collect logs"
Pick up a pencil or counting stick from the table:thumb and forefinger, thumb and middle finger, thumb and ring finger, thumb and little finger
Brothers help dad
Big brother and little one
Very clever and skillful
They lift a big load.
- the same fingers of different hands;
- with one hand for two ends (counting sticks).
The exercise is performed first with one hand, then with the other, then with both hands at the same time.
Exercise number 6 "Firewood"
It is necessary to collect as many pencils or counting sticks as possible with one hand
The truck brought firewood,
We'll pick them up from the yard.
Repeat the exercise with the other hand.
Exercise number 7 "Woodpecker"
Hold a pencil between your thumb and middle finger and tap it with your index finger.
Woodpecker, woodpecker knock.
Where are you sitting? show me
Exercise number 8 "Sharpener"
Clamp one end of the pencil in your left fist, and with your fingers right hand twist the other end of the pencil. Scrolling the pencil can be done with two fingers, changing them. Then change hands:
We take a sharpener
We put a pencil in it.
Our will be sharp
Blue pencil.
Exercise number 9 "Well"
It is necessary to take one of them from a pile of pencils with two fingers so that the rest do not move;
Possible introduction game element in the exercise in the presence of two or more participants who take turns taking out pencils. If the pencils move, the player misses a turn. The player with the most pencils at the end of the game wins. The final stage of the game can be the construction of a well:
We put the logs exactly,
We'll build a well
To always be with us.
Very clean water.
Or laying out various figures from the collected pencils.
It is necessary to take the pencil alternately with the thumb and forefinger, thumb and middle, etc., place it vertically and start swinging - “pendulum”
take a pencil by its middle with your thumb and forefinger and start swinging it - “swing”;
Exercise number 11 "Learning to write correctly"
- twist the pencil with the thumb, middle and index fingers of one hand, then the other, then with both hands at the same time (for children 4 years old);
- put a pencil on the palm of your hand and scroll it with all the fingers of your hand, without helping yourself to the other;
- take a triangular pencil, placing the thumb, index and middle fingers on different sides (as when writing). Hold it in this position for a count of 1 to 5, then:
a) alternately tear off the fingers from the pencil counting from 6 to 10;
b) tap the pencil alternately with index, thumb and middle fingers
I'm learning to hold a pencil
To write letters correctly.
Exercise number 12 "Caterpillar"
Move the pencil up and down by holding it with three fingers:
The caterpillar crawls up and down-
It won't fall off the branch.
- tap the pencil alternately with the index
thumb and middle fingers; - move the pencil up and down, holding it with three fingers;
The exercise is performed first with the leading hand, then with the other, after which
with both hands at the same time.
Finger gymnastics with a lace.
To perform the exercises, it is necessary to prepare shoelaces, colored ropes of various lengths, pencils.
Exercise number 1 "Knots"
Suggest to the child:
- intercept the rope several times by the knots;
- show how to untie and tie knots, bows.
Exercise number 2 "Snake"
Suggest to the childtwist the lace between the pads of the large and
index fingers, thumb and middle, etc.:
Here's today's lesson:
I have a string in my hand.
coils like a snake,
Tries to crawl forward.
Exercise number 3 "Curl"
Wind the rope (lace) on a stick or thread on
coil.
Exercise number 4 "Spider"
Braid your fingers with a lace (the lace passes on top of one, and then below the other finger):
The spider went for a walk
Braid the web.
He wants to catch
And a bug, and a beetle.
Children also really like to lay out various patterns and shapes from laces, for example:
In a certain sense, preparation for school can begin from infancy. And finger games are indispensable for this: there are many chances that the baby will learn to speak coherently, and then read and write before their peers.
It is best to start finger training at the age of three months. While the baby is suckling, take his pen and massage each finger, stroke the palm of your hand. Stroking should be in the direction from the fingertips to the wrists, and each finger of the child should be bent and unbent in turn. These exercises are useful to carry out daily for 2-3 minutes. Such simple exercises will have a beneficial effect on the health of the baby, will contribute early development speech. Use all the famous poems: "Forty-white-sided" and "Ladushki". They will become the first finger games of your crumbs.
finger games- This is, as a rule, a dramatization of children's poems. They develop well voluntary attention, coordination and fine motor skills, which are closely related to speech and thinking, preparation for writing. Until the movements of the fingers become free, the development of speech and thinking cannot be achieved. In the cerebral cortex, the departments responsible for fine manual motor skills and articulation are located nearby and are closely connected. The hand develops earlier in the process of ontogenesis, and its development, as it were, pushes the formation of speech. Therefore, by training fine manual motor skills in a child, we stimulate his speech. And thanks to finger games, the hands acquire good mobility, flexibility, stiffness of movements disappears.
Learning texts with gymnastics, the baby will not only become better at speaking, but will also develop imagination and memory. In addition, these activities help develop Creative skills children.
However, finger games are, first of all, fun activities, and only then development and learning. The main activity of a preschooler, as you know, is a game. And if the game contains rhymed speech and movements, then it fully meets the needs inherent in preschool age, and children like it.
"Wave". Place your hands in front of you, palms down. Spread your fingers apart and draw in turn with each finger separately a wave from top to bottom. You can combine the reading of a poem with the movements of both one and two hands.
A worm crawls on the ground
(Thumb.)
A sailor is sailing on the river
(Indicative.)
Smoke billows from the chimney
(Medium.)
The skier is rolling down the mountain
(Nameless.)
A path leads into the forest
(Little finger.)
All one picture!
(All fingers together.)
For a variety of activities, you should use various objects. There are many games where pencils, laces, a handkerchief are used.
"Bear". Slowly slide the handkerchief into your fist with one finger.
The bear climbed into his lair,
He crushed all his sides,
Hey, get help
The bear seems to be stuck!
Now you need to forcefully pull the handkerchief out of your fist, then repeat again.
Toddlers from one to two years old can perform movements well with one hand, and three-year-old children already easily cope with more complex options, such as in the game "Octopus".
"Octopus". Put both hands on the table, touching it with the pads of eight fingers (except for large ones). Fingers apart. It is necessary to perform movements with both hands at the same time.
How hard is it for an octopus
put on boots,
(“We step” with our fingers on the table in the rhythm of the verse, starting with the little fingers.)
Even if I can't
(Tapping thumbs on the table together.)
I put on two legs!
(Tapping thumbs on the table alternately.)
Children 4 years old become available games using various small items.
Little fingers can show a gesture of “excellent”, say goodbye or call to them, approve with applause, threaten and much more.
"Ducks".
The dawn has just risen
(Raise hands with palms up.)
In the yard: quack-quack, quack-quack!
(We unfold our palms and rhythmically connect the thumb with the rest.)
Quack-"bye" and quack-"hello",
(Two more moves.)
Quack question and quack answer
(Two more moves.)
Quack yes quack-such a language,
(Two more moves.)
Ducks, native drakes.
(We shake hands, as if greeting.)
“If a child entering first grade does not distinguish between fingers, this sure sign expecting him difficulties in learning and mathematics, and reading, ”say psychologists. Games aimed at distinguishing fingers are performed with each finger separately, in turn, as in the game "Juices".
"Juices". We bend the finger when pronouncing the name of each juice on one and then on the other hand, starting with the little finger:
Drink juice for health
But don't spill a drop
orange, cherry,
Grape and pear
apricot, strawberry,
Everyone has great taste!
You can drink tomato juice
He is especially pleasant.
Carrot and pomegranate juice
So helpful to you guys!
(Show thumb.)
Be sure to use games on a symmetrical image with both hands at the same time. Such exercises are aimed at coordinating the actions of both hemispheres of the brain. If possible, try to encourage your child to work with both hands. Quite often, the failure of children and impaired learning functions are associated with an inability to interact between the left and right hemispheres, which can be eliminated by mastering special motor exercises.
With such games, the eyes and hands relax, the activity of both hemispheres is synchronized. In addition to staging poetry, you can ask your child to draw simple symmetrical images, letters or figure eights on a piece of paper at the same time with both hands, or try the Ear-Nose exercise with your baby. Grab the tip of your nose with your left hand, and your ear with your right hand. Release your ear and nose at the same time. Release your ear and nose at the same time. Clap your hands and reverse the position exactly the opposite - it's not easy at all.
How to conduct classes?
Before offering a finger game to a baby, get to know it yourself, understand the movements of the fingers.
To warm up and prepare for the games, offer the crumbs with the finger of the right and then the left hand to draw a circle, a line - vertical and horizontal. If the game involves movements with one hand, then gradually the baby must learn to perform finger movements with both the right and left hands. Let the baby squeeze and unclench the fist.
After such a warm-up, read the poem and show the movements of the fingers and hands. Show your child how to "tell" the verses with their hands. Let him repeat after you, and then gradually do the exercise on his own. It is good if the child can come up with new games, words, images and movements. Having learned one game, the baby will definitely try to stage other rhymes and songs. If the baby does not perform the exercise exactly, but fantasizes, do not be angry, treat this as creativity. If he is not good at imitating you, help him. If difficulties arise, you can take the child’s hand and make a movement with him. After memorizing the movements, you can get by with only a verbal description.
You should not give a lot of games at once, limit yourself to one or two a day. It is better to repeat each game two or three times. And try to find a convenient time when both you and the baby are ready to enjoy spending a few minutes together for an interesting and useful activity.
memo "Our hands do not know boredom"
Hand and finger massage
- Finger massage(from thumb to little finger).
Rub the fingertip first, then slowly lower to its base. It is desirable to accompany such a massage with cheerful rhymes (sentences).
-Massage of the palms with a hexagonal pencil.
The edges of the pencil easily tingle the palms and activate the nerve endings, relieve tension. Have the child place the pencil between their palms and rotate it from the base of their palms to their fingertips. Children are taught to pass a pencil between one and two or three fingers, to hold it in a certain position in the right and left hand.
-Finger massage with rings.
We put five small rings on one for each finger of the left hand, then - for each finger of the right. Putting on, we call fingers: thumb, index, etc.
-Massage walnuts:
a) roll two nuts between the palms;
b) roll one nut between fingers;
c) hold a few nuts between the spread fingers of the dominant hand;
d) hold a few nuts between the fingers of both hands.
- Massage of the palms with stone, metal or glass multi-colored balls.
Children are offered balls that you can simply turn in your hands, click on them with your fingers and “shoot”, direct them into special grooves and holes, competing in accuracy. Attach a small ball to a string. Let the child click (each finger in turn) “shoots off” this ball.
-Massage the palms with a brush or massage ball.
-Massage with beads.
Picking beads develops fingers, calms nerves. At this time, you can count the number of beads (in the forward and reverse order).
finger games
With the help of fingers, they convey the events of fairy tales and poems - a kind of staging is obtained. When conducting finger games, it is important to adhere to the principle that is associated with age characteristics speech development of preschoolers: up to about 4-5 years old, children only act with their fingers, and the text is spoken by an adult; older preschoolers begin to accompany such games with words.
Finger games can be divided into three groups:
a) games without objects;
b) games with objects;
c) games with paraphernalia.
Finger games without objects
Usually accompanied by poems, nursery rhymes. These include games for bending and extending the fingers (“Finger, finger, where have you been?”, “One, two, three, four, five, fingers want to sleep” and game exercises), for example:
One, two, three, four, five,
(Fingers are bent, starting with the thumb.)
Will collect leaves
(The fists are clenched and unclenched.)
Birch leaves, rowan leaves, poplar leaves, aspen leaves, oak leaves we will collect,
(Bend fingers, starting with the thumb.)
Mom will take the autumn bouquet.
( step on the table with the middle and index fingers.)
N. Nishcheeva "Autumn Leaves"
Games using paraphernalia
The use of paraphernalia increases interest in finger games. At the same time, the attributes themselves do not carry any developmental load, they, as it were, decorate the exercise, making it more attractive for the child. As attributes, you can use images of small figures (7-8 cm) cut from magazines, postcards, old books, etc. The selected character is glued onto cardboard and cut out along the contour. Then a rubber band is sewn to the figure, the diameter of which should be as follows. So that it fits snugly around the bases of children's fingers (middle and index or index, middle and ring fingers).
Game "Charging". Children choose the figures they like and fix them on the base of the middle and ring fingers. These fingers are the legs, the index and little fingers are the hands. The thumb is pressed to the palm. An adult offers to do exercises (on the table): walking - we walk in place, raise our legs high (middle and ring fingers); we step forward; stop - one, two.
Finger games with objects
Favorite caps for fingers. To complete the exercise, each child will need caps. They can be made from paper or cut off the ends from old children's gloves. Children perform actions in the course of the story: “Once upon a time there were fingers. They knew how to do a lot: both work and have fun. Fingers were very fond of dressing up in their favorite caps. We got up in the morning and immediately put on the caps. The day passed merrily, and closer to the night the fingers got tired and went to bed. Before going to bed, they took off their caps.”
(Children remove each cap (hat) with the help of other fingers of the same hand. The fingers of the other hand do not help.)
Exercise options:
Tearing paper into small pieces and creating an appliqué.
Breaking a sheet of paper. This work is connected with the commonwealth of both hands. It is advisable to offer the child tasks not only for an arbitrary break, but also along the contour ( geometric figures, objects, animals).
Fold the paper towel in quarters. The child can pluck semicircles from the folds with two fingers. When he unfolds the napkin, he will see a lace pattern.
Ask your child to help you collect the beads. Let him drop them into a box with a small hole. Then he can string them on a thread in a certain order, alternating in shape, color or size.
Invite the child to roll up balls of plasticine. Then - flatten the balls into cakes with your thumb and forefinger. You can roll up flagella, fashion a bagel out of them, weave a cord. You can fashion a carrot, an apple, a fungus, a snake with spots from plasticine of a different color from balls.
With your help, the child can “weave” a small rug out of cloth or colored paper: make parallel cuts inside the rectangle at a distance of 1.5 cm, then thread colored laces or strips of paper in transverse directions, interlacing the strips of the rectangle alternately from above or below.
- "Magic matches" (drawing up pictures according to a model, from memory, arbitrarily). The child is able to lay out the simplest geometric shapes from matches: squares, rectangles, triangles. On this basis, you can create images of objects that are interesting to him. From matches you can build towers, houses, wells.
Children love to show off their strength. Ask the child to firmly squeeze your hand, pull your fingers with your fingers (alternately bend and unbend each finger).
Games for laying out a pattern (with laces, pebbles, buttons, large seeds (beans, beans, peas)).
Pattern drawing.
Hatching.
Cutting out. Working with scissors exercises the child in a quick change of tension and relaxation of the small muscles of the hand. Therefore, the more the child acts with scissors, the better his work will turn out. The more perfect is the change in the tone of the hand.
Coloring.
Mosaic.
Folding cut pictures.
- "Fold pictures from geometric shapes."
Finger theatre, shadow theatre.
Origami (folding a sheet of paper in different directions, making paper crafts).
Thread writing (laying out threads along the contour of an image), etc.
Outdoor games
- "chauffeurs"(children wrap a rope around a stick with both hands, to the end of which a car is tied).
- With rag balls(children throw and catch them).
- « Bilbock"(a wooden cup on a stick and a ball attached to a cord and tied to the end of the stick). The players toss the ball and catch it with a cup.
- "Collect small items"(children collect small objects scattered on the floor).
Didactic games
- "Help Cinderella spread the seeds"(sorting pasta, cereals, large seeds). To do this, parents first mix all the seeds. And the child lays them out in separate cells.
. - "Tie a knot" To do this, you need a wooden cancer. Cords of different thickness, length. The child is offered to tie different knots according to the example and at will. Purpose: to develop the ability to knit various knots.
- "Catch a bun from the water." To do this, you will need a vessel with water, a pouring spoon, toy koloboks. It is necessary to catch the gingerbread man with a pouring spoon, drain the water from it and put the gingerbread man on a tray without water.
- Clothespin games. To do this, you need clothespins of different colors, sizes, contours of the sun, clouds, stars, hedgehog, circles of different colors. Children need to make a ray of sunshine, rain from a cloud, decorate a star, make a flower, make needles for a hedgehog. Purpose: to develop the ability to work with clothespins and create an image.
Test (diagnosis by hand)
Target: identification of the formation of finger coordination.
Methodology. Have the child sit at the table opposite you and ask him to stretch his hand forward. Take the child's hand in yours, be sure to block it with your body or a screen with a hole for the brush. With your other hand, touch the baby's finger. Ask the child on the other hand to extend the same finger that you are touching.
Grade. If coordination is normal, then a three-year-old child will correctly determine the thumb. At 5 years old, it will not be difficult for him to stretch his little finger and big one. A six-year-old child should be able to distinguish freely between the thumb, index and little fingers. The middle and ring fingers are determined only by children with good coordination.
Formation oral speech the child begins when the movements of the fingers reach sufficient accuracy. When a child makes rhythmic movements with his fingers, the coordinated activity of the frontal (motor speech zone) and temporal (sensory zone) parts of the brain sharply increase, that is, the speech areas are formed under the influence of impulses coming from the fingers.
To determine the level of development of speech in children of the first years of life, the following method has been developed: the child is asked to show one finger, two fingers, three. Children who succeed in isolated finger movements are talking children .... Until the movements of the fingers become free, the development of speech and, consequently, thinking cannot be achieved.
This is also important when timely, especially in cases where this development is impaired. In addition, it has been proven that both the mind and the child's eye move at the same speed as the hand. This means that systematic exercises for training finger movements are a powerful means of increasing the efficiency of the brain. The level of development of speech in children is always in direct proportion to the degree of development of fine movements of the fingers. The imperfection of fine motor coordination of the hands and fingers makes it difficult to master writing and a number of other educational and labor skills. Psychologists say that they develop mental activity, memory and attention of the child.
Speech improves under the influence kinetic impulses from the hands, more precisely - from the fingers. Usually a child with a high level of development of fine motor skills is able to reason logically, he has sufficiently developed memory, attention, and coherent speech.
Already in the first months, the baby comes to life when he sees his mother or a person close to him, a bright toy, expressing his joy with the movements of his arms and legs, as well as cooing (“cooing”). At 3-4 months, the baby has a need to communicate with an adult. He looks for him, smiles, makes sounds. By the age of 6 months, the child begins to pronounce syllables - babbles, and by 10 months - repeat not only individual syllables, but also simple words from individual syllables.
The kid needs to be given plenty to feel, touch, knock, smell, look, taste.
In order to learn to think and speak, one must be able to look and see, listen and hear, that is, process and comprehend information received from the surrounding world.
As a result, by the age of one, the child will have accumulated a passive vocabulary - words that he cannot yet speak himself, but understands when they are pronounced by others. Therefore, the task of adults is to speak as much as possible, voicing and naming little man objects that are around him, and ongoing actions.
When the baby accumulates rich impressions and, accordingly, his own vocabulary, then the long-awaited moment will come - the child “suddenly” will speak on his own. From this have a nice day speech will become for him a full-fledged means of communication.
Of course, you will need different toys, manuals, books.
What happens when a child does finger gymnastics?
1. Performing exercises and rhythmic finger movements inductively leads to excitation in the speech centers of the brain and a sharp increase in the coordinated activity of the speech zones, which ultimately stimulates the development of speech.
2. Finger games create a favorable emotional background, develop the ability to imitate an adult, teach to listen and understand the meaning of speech, increase the child's speech activity.
3. The kid learns to concentrate his attention and distribute it correctly.
4. If the child performs the exercises, accompanying them with short poetic lines, then his speech will become more clear, rhythmic, vivid, and control over the movements performed will increase.
5. The child's memory develops, as he learns to memorize certain hand positions and sequences of movements.
6. The baby develops imagination and fantasy. Having mastered many exercises, he will be able to “tell with his hands” whole stories.
7. As a result of finger exercises, the hands and fingers will gain strength, good mobility and flexibility, and this will further facilitate mastering the skill of writing.
Exercises can be divided into three groups:
I group. Hand exercises
Develop imitative ability;
Learn to tense and relax muscles;
Develop the ability to maintain the position of the fingers for some time;
Learn to switch from one movement to another.
II group. Finger exercises are conditionally static
Improve previously acquired skills high level and require more precise movements.
III group. Finger exercises dynamic
Develop precise coordination of movements;
Learn to bend and unbend fingers;
Learn to oppose the thumb to the rest.
All these exercises will be useful not only for children with a delay in the development of speech or any of its disorders, but also for children who have speech development happens in a timely manner.
When playing games, the following rules must be observed:
Work through all the exercises sequentially, starting with the first group.
Game tasks should gradually become more difficult.
You can start the game only when the child wants to play.
Never start the game if you yourself are tired or if the child is not feeling well.
Overworking the child in the game is unacceptable.
Forms of work on the development of fine motor skills of hands can be traditional and non-traditional.
Traditional:
Self-massage of hands and fingers (stroking, kneading);
Finger games with speech accompaniment;
Finger gymnastics without speech accompaniment;
Graphic exercises: shading a picture, drawing a picture, graphic dictation, connecting by dots, continuing a row;
Subject activity: games with paper, clay, plasticine, sand, water, drawing with crayons, charcoal;
Games: mosaic, constructors, lacing, folding cut pictures, games with liners, folding matryoshkas;
Puppet theaters: finger, mitten, glove, shadow theater;
Games for the development of tactile perception: "Smooth - rough", "Find the same by touch", "Wonderful bag".
Non-traditional:
Self-massage of hands and fingers with walnuts, pencils, massage brushes;
Games with fingers, using a variety of materials: junk, natural, household.
Game exercises can be divided into small groups:
Exercises for massage (or self-massage) of hands:
- "Massage of the fingertips"
- "Massage of the phalanges of the fingers"
- "Massage pressing"
- "Hedgehog ball exercise"
- "Peg Exercise"
- "Self-massage with peas"
- "Peas and Beans"
- "Rings"
- "Stroke my palms, hedgehog"
Exercises that develop coordination of finger movements:
- "Chains"
- "Legs"
- "Connection of the same fingers"
- "Pianist"
- "Fingers nodding"
- "Peas"
- "Exercise with traffic jams"
- "Fingerwalker"
- "Well"
Exercises that develop interaction between the hemispheres of the brain:
- "Palm - Fist"
- "Alternate connection of all fingers"
- "Legs"
Exercises with various objects (require some objects that are almost always in everyday life):
- "Hedgehog ball exercise"
- "Peg Exercise"
- "Exercise with expanders"
- "Exercise with a stopper"
- "Exercise with traffic jams"
- "Knotting"
- "Exercise with the rosary"
- "Exercise with beads"
- "An exercise with counting sticks"
- "Fingerwalker"
- "Crumpling of a handkerchief"
- "Well"
- "Peas and Beans"
- "I will sort out all the nodes"
- "The titmouse gave me a fragile testicle"
- "Magic Nuts"
- "Be stronger my hand"
Gymnastics for fingers:
- "Clicks"
- "Sipping Fingertips"
Games with fingers without objects with speech accompaniment.
Finger games are the staging of any rhyming stories, fairy tales with the help of fingers, they are very important part work on the development of fine motor skills. These games are very emotional, exciting. They contribute to the development of speech, creative activity. "Finger games" seem to reflect the reality of the surrounding world - objects, animals, people, their activities, natural phenomena. During these games, children, repeating the movements of adults, activate the motor skills of their hands. Thus, dexterity is developed, the ability to control one's movements, to concentrate on one type of activity.
Finger games enable adults to play with kids, to please them and, at the same time, to develop speech and fine motor skills. Thanks to such games, the child receives a variety of sensory impressions, he develops attentiveness and the ability to concentrate. Such games form good relationships between children, as well as between an adult and a child.
The characters and images of finger games: a spider and a butterfly, a goat and a bunny, a tree and a bird, the sun and rain are liked by kids from one and a half to two years old, and children are happy to repeat texts and movements after adults. Some finger games prepare the baby for counting, in others the child must act using both hands, which helps to better understand the concepts of above and below, above and below, right and left. Games in which a toddler catches or strokes the hand of an adult or another child, pats their hand, or curls the fingers of a playmate are important for building a child's sense of confidence.
Performing the exercise, first explain how this or that exercise is performed, show the posture of the fingers and hand. Finger games must be offered from simple to complex. Gradually, the show is abandoned, leaving only verbal instructions. Only if the child does not act correctly, it is necessary to show him the correct posture again. At first, all exercises are performed slowly. If the child cannot independently take a pose and perform the required movement, you need to take his hand in yours and act with him. You can teach, if necessary, the child himself to support one hand with the other or to help with the free hand the actions of the working one.
Always start finger games with a warm-up of the fingers: flexion and extension. You can use rubber toys with squeakers for this exercise.
An adult should pronounce the texts of finger games as expressively as possible: either raising or lowering his voice, pausing, emphasizing individual words, and perform movements synchronously with the text or in pauses. It is difficult for kids to pronounce the text, it is enough for them to perform movements together with an adult or with his help. For some games, you can put paper caps on your fingers or draw eyes and a mouth on the fingertips.
Finger games encourage kids to be creative, and in the case when a child comes up with his own, even if not very successful, movements for texts, he should be praised and, if possible, show his creative achievements like dad or grandma.
Children from one to two years old perceive well "finger games" performed with one hand. Three-year-olds are already mastering games that are played with two hands, for example, one hand depicts a house, and the other a cat running into this house.
Four-year-old preschoolers can play these games using multiple events that follow each other. Older children can be offered to decorate games with a variety of props - small objects, houses, balls, cubes, etc.
Work on the development of finger and hand movements should be carried out systematically for 2-5 minutes daily.
Performing various exercises with fingers, the child develops small hand movements. Fingers and hands acquire good mobility, flexibility, stiffness of movements disappears. As a rule, if the movements of the fingers are developed in accordance with age, then the speech development of the child is within the age norm. Therefore, training the movements of the fingers and hands is the most important factor, which stimulates the speech development of the child, improves articulation movements, prepares the hand for writing, and, no less important, a powerful tool that increases the efficiency of the cerebral cortex, stimulating the development of the child's thinking.
When getting started, remember to following principles conducting classes:
Before playing with a child, it is necessary to discuss its content, while immediately practicing the necessary gestures, finger combinations, and movements. This will not only prepare the baby for the correct exercise, but also create the necessary emotional mood.
The exercise should be performed together with the child, while demonstrating their own passion for the game.
When playing the game repeatedly, children often begin to pronounce the text partially (especially the beginning and end of phrases). Gradually, the text is learned by heart, the children pronounce it in its entirety, correlating the words with the movement.
After choosing two or three exercises, gradually replace them with new ones. You can leave the games you like most in your repertoire and return to them at the request of the baby.
Do not set several complex tasks for the child at once (for example, show movements and pronounce text). The attention span of children is limited, and an impossible task can “beat off” interest in the game.
At first, children have difficulty doing many exercises. Therefore, the exercises are worked out gradually and at first they are performed passively, with the help of adults.
Never force. Try to understand the reasons for the refusal, if possible, eliminate them (for example, by changing the task) or change the game.
Encourage children to sing along, "don't notice" if they do something wrong at first, encourage success.
Hope Borodulina
Toothbrush games
materials: toothbrushes by number of children
I'll take a toothbrush, rub the pads with a brush fingers
to stroke fingers. right, then left hand, starting with
Become dexterous soon, big fingers and ending
Fingers - darlings! little finger.
Games with hair band
materials: small hair ties according to the number of children, 5 hair ties per child can be used.
Children put an elastic band on each finger, starting with the thumb. finger and ending with the little finger, then change hands.
I - first finger,I'm big! Wearing an elastic band on the thumb
Index - the second! on the index
Third finger - medium! to the middle
The fourth is unnamed! to the nameless
And the fifth little finger - on the little finger. The pinch shows that
He is the smallest, ruddy! the little finger is small, and they touch
index fingers to cheeks
ruddy cheeks.
Games with hexagonal pencils
materials: pencils according to the number of children.
Walkers have a song like this: Tick. Teak. Teak.
The titmouse bird has such: Peak. Peak. Peak.
The piglet has such: Oink. Oink. Oink.
The hedgehog has a song: Fluff. Plop. Plop.
Kitty has a song like this: Meow. Meow. Meow.
And what about the fish?
Children roll a pencil between their palms. Raises index finger
any hand to the mouth - "mouth on the lock."
Children enjoy playing with handkerchiefs. We play on emotions Joy-sadness.
We bake pancakes like mom's.
We make tubes.
Washing with mom.
Mom washed in the evening, They take a handkerchief in both hands and imitate
And I stood next to him, washing clothes.
I didn’t wash it - sighed - They shake their heads to the right, to the left.
Yes, I clapped my eyes - Children are bred in different directions fingers
hands, bring them to the face and imitate
"eye blinking".
Yes, they stomp their feet - Children stomp their feet.
It would be better not to stand, Children take a handkerchief in both hands and
And take and help mom! mimic washing clothes.
Target: development of coordination of movements of fine motor skills of hands through non-traditional use of various items.
Correctional and educational tasks:
1. Shaping cognitive activity and creative imagination children.
2. Consolidation of pronunciation of verses simultaneously with movements fingers.
Correction-developing tasks:
1. Development of articulatory and fine motor skills.
2. Development of visual, auditory perception, creative imagination.
3. Development of tactile sensitivity of hands.
4. Development of mental processes: attention, memory, thinking, imagination.
5. Development of perception and switching to different types activities.
6. Improving motor memory.
7. Development of speech and thought activity.
8. Development of mimic muscles.
Correctional and educational tasks:
1. Creation of a positive emotional background, joy, anticipation of the holiday.
2. Education of perseverance, the ability to bring the work started to the end.
3. Formation of friendly relations.
Anastasia Verbitskaya
Finger gymnastics
Your attention is a presentation of the results of my work on topic: Finger gymnastics as a fundamental factor in the development of preschoolers (slide 1).
Finger gymnastics plays a very important role for preschoolers. With its help, not only fine motor skills develop, but also the speech center of the child. So, the advantages of using finger gymnastics (slide 2):
Helps develop speech.
Helps develop fine motor skills.
Increases the performance of the cerebral cortex.
Develops a child's mental processes: thinking, attention, memory, imagination.
Removes anxiety.
Traffic fingers and hands are of particular developmental importance, as they have a huge impact on the development of not only speech, but also the entire higher nervous activity of the child. The more often the child has a grasping reflex, the more effective the emotional and intellectual development of the baby is.
Regular exercises with balls improve the memory, mental abilities of the child, eliminate it emotional stress, develop coordination of movements, strength and dexterity of hands, maintain vitality.
Usage finger methods in the work of the educator (slide 3) involves the implementation of the following goal work: To develop in children the basics of speech motor skills based on finger games and exercises Tasks: Combine games and exercises for training fingers With speech activity children. Improve fine motor skills through finger games; Increase the competence of parents, in importance finger games, exercise for kids preschool age. Expected result: Development of fine motor skills in children younger age; Formation of speech skills in young children; Intellectual development of children; Enrichment of parental experience in raising children.
"finger games"is a staging of any rhymed stories, fairy tales with the help of fingers. Many games require the participation of both hands, which makes it possible for children to navigate in terms of "right", "left", "up", "down", etc.
Finger games are the basis for the development of fine motor skills and speech. The use of fine motor skills various types activities (slide 4)
So our children (slide 5)
Used in work finger games and techniques(slide 6)
Finger games based on fairy tales;
Finger games with objects;
Active games with poetic accompaniment;
manipulation games;
Finger games with elements of self-massage;
Development of graphic motor skills
Finger puppet theater(slide 7)- this is a set of figures of various characters dressed on fingers.
Purpose of the game:
1. Acquaintance with Russian folk art;
2. Development emotional world child;
3. Formation of communication skills;
4. Acquaintance with elementary mathematical concepts;
5. By creating a positive emotional background of the game with figures-heroes of a fairy tale, contribute to the development of a child's sense of empathy (empathy).
Developing didactic games were held with children fairy tale characters (slide 8.9) Educational games with finger theater"Turnip" Figurines made puppet theater independently, cut out of paper.
The hand gives rise to the development of thinking. In the process of activity, the muscles of the hands perform three main functions: organs of movement, organs of cognition, energy accumulators (both for the muscles themselves and for other organs). If the child touches any object, then the muscles and skin of the hands at this time "teach" eyes and brain to see, touch, distinguish, remember.
How does the hand study, examine objects? Finger games using objects (slide 10):
1. Touching allows you to verify the presence of an object, its temperature, humidity, etc.
2. Tapping provides information about the properties of materials.
3. Handling helps to detect many interesting properties items: weight, surface features, shapes, etc.
4. Pressure makes it possible to determine whether an object is soft or hard, what material it is made of.
5. Feeling (girth, rubbing, stroking, circular and crumpling movements) small and loose items (e.g. grains, cereals, salt) teaches the child to feel the touch of the palm or fingers.
Large, index, middle fingers children feel the details of the mosaic, buttons, nuts, coins; large items are captured by all five fingers. Finger games with objects (slide 11).
View finger games - manipulation games (slide 12). The child can perform such games on their own or with the help of an adult. They develop imagination: in each finger the child sees one image or another. I suggest you remember the names of these games. ( "Patty-Patty", "Forty-white-sided"- index finger perform circular movements « finger boy, where have you been?", "We shared an orange", "This finger wants to sleep» , "This finger - grandfather» "This finger wants to sleep...» , "One, two, three, four, who lives in my apartment?", « Fingers went for a walk ...» - the child alternately bends each finger. etc.) Finger games - manipulations spent with children (slide 13)
System didactic games "Funny strings" aimed at working with children in three directions: child and the world, the formation of elementary mathematical concepts, the development of speech and phonemic hearing.
So, the system of didactic games "Funny strings" promotes (slide 14):
The development of cognitive abilities - in the process of didactic games, many complex phenomena (including natural phenomena) are divided into simple ones and vice versa, single ones are generalized; consequently, analytical and synthetic activities are carried out. The following games are aimed at this "Count - ka!", "Who needs what to work?", "What tree is the leaf from?", "Specify the color of the object"…
Enrichment of the child's sensory experience, cause a certain emotional attitude to nature, while developing his mental abilities. It happens in games "Inseparable Friends", "Whose baby?", "Who lives where?" and others.
- development of children's speech: the dictionary is replenished and activated, coherent speech develops ( "Vice versa", "Feed the animals" and etc.) ; a number of games are successfully used to develop the phonemic side of the language ( "Combine two things that start with the same sound", "Pick a picture to the scheme") (slide 15)
It is very important to combine finger gymnastics and physical education(slide 16)
Self-massage is a massage performed by the child himself. (adolescent, adult). Self-massage is a means that complements the impact of the main massage: using a massage ball and other attributes (slide 17).
With children, the technique of open activity is very often carried out. "We are building new house» (slide 18)
Method DRY POOL (slide 19) To do this, take a box or bowl (approximately 25 cm in diameter and 12-15 cm high) and is filled with 8 cm, for example, washed and dried peas, beans. Various exercises are performed, the child's hands are massaged, fingers become more sensitive, and their movements coordinated.
Such self-massage helps to normalize muscle tone, stimulate tactile sensations, increase the volume and amplitude of movements. fingers, the formation of arbitrary, coordinated movements. Self-massage in "dry pool" accompanied by lyrics.
We invite the child to put the brushes in the box, stir the peas, squeeze-unclench fingers inside"pool".
Pour peas into a bowl and fingers launched,
Having arranged a commotion there, so that fingers are not sad.
"Knead the dough". We invite the child to lower the brushes into "swimming pool" and "knead the dough" for pies or buns.
Knead, knead the dough, there is a place in the oven.
There will be, there will be buns and rolls from the oven.
"Charger". Invite the child to alternate movements fingers inside"pool": clench fists, then wide apart fingers to the side.
Fingers do exercises to be less tired.
And then they will write letters in a notebook.
"Find a toy". Kinder surprise toys "bury" in "pool", invite the child to find them and name them. Variation - do the same with eyes closed after considering these figurines.
There is not salt in the bowl, not salt at all, but multi-colored beans.
At the bottom there are toys for children, we will get them without any fuss.
Holding finger technique"Dry pool" using peas (slide 20)
Finger game Fishing(slide 21)
Target: development of fine motor skills, tactile perception, cognitive sphere.
“We are fishermen. Our hands will help us to fish.
What kind of fish did you catch: large or small; smooth or rough; round or square?
What color is your fish?
Is she light or heavy?
Warm or cold?
Now let's put our catch in the bucket. Let's close our eyes. Dip your hand in the bucket and find your fish. Why are you sure that this is your fish?
Using the subject-developing environment for the development of fine motor skills (slide 22)
One of the types finger games with objects are games with clothespins. They are very popular with children. Examples of how to play with clothespins a large number of from simply making a fence and collecting animal figures from them to playing scenes (slide 23).
Various events are held regularly with children finger games(slide 24) and exercises (depict a house, a cat, a horse, etc.)
Development of graphic motor skills, work fingers with a pencil(slide 25)
Graphic exercises, color association (slide 26)
Mastering the subject material (on the example of a fairy tale "Cat house") (slide 27)
Laces as a way to improve fine motor skills (slide 28)
Conclusion: (slide 29) Implementation finger game methodology for the development of fine motor skills of the hand in working with preschool children will be effective when condition:
inclusion of games in different mode moments;
taking into account the individual characteristics and playing interests of children;
methodically competent guidance gaming activity children;
consolidation of game actions by children in the conditions of family education.
The result of the project was (slide 30):
Mastering the complex by children finger gymnastics and exercises for playing out fairy tales and nursery rhymes;
Increasing the level of formation of fine motor skills of the hands;
Awareness by parents of the need and importance of the development of manual motor skills in preschool children
Thank you for your attention! (slide 31)
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