The special forces of the Airborne Forces are the elite of the Russian armed forces. Everything you wanted to know about the GRU special forces and Russian troops in Ukraine

Spetsnaz GRU and special forces of the Airborne Forces: a comparative analysis

NOTE:
Special Forces - these are units designed to penetrate and carry out force operations deep behind enemy lines.
The meaning of their use: in the implementation of the seizure and destruction of strategic important objects and representatives of the enemy states on his (or temporarily captured by him) territory.

Spetsnaz GRU

This is a special forces of a sabotage type (sabotage - literally acting in an ambiguous way and making its final decisions regarding anything and anyone at the very last moment) and the antipode of the special forces of the Airborne Forces.
Its most successful use may be in the context of the Russian army carrying out defensive and positional actions.

Special Forces of the Airborne Forces

This is the landing type special forces (landing - literally acting like a light beam: quickly and easily breaking through any cracks that are found and immediately bouncing back in cases of their overlap) and the antipode of the GRU special forces.
The most successful use of it can be in the conditions of active offensive operations by the Russian army.

(GRU)
The GRU special forces units can be most successfully used in the most critical situations for their army - to create turning points in the course of unsuccessfully waged wars (that is, when opponents, proud of their initial victories, begin to prematurely show a rather frivolous attitude towards his army and neglect).
Saboteurs, taking on the tasks assigned to them, usually cross the front line in their separate groups, located at certain intervals and begin to move parallel to each other towards the objects indicated to them behind enemy lines. In doing so, they bypass any settlements so as not to be seen by anyone. In cases where some of them are discovered and come under fire from ambushes and deployed formations of enemy barrage subunits, other sabotage groups bypass the places where such skirmishes occur and rush further. In turn, the detected groups of saboteurs are taken to conduct intense fire in order to thus indicate others to the locations of ambushes and barrier lines and at the same time divert as many enemy forces as possible and thereby increase the chances for the rest of the groups to penetrate unhindered deep into the enemy rear .
Sending individual fighters to attempt to break through the enemy's barrage formations, the main composition of the sabotage groups immediately rush after them in cases of groping for any weak points, or rush to the right or left, if another attempt such attempts are unsuccessful. In situations where the enemy begins to pursue them on their heels, the saboteurs break up into small groups and one by one in order to confuse him and force him to either disperse his forces or continue to chase after someone separate. In turn, those saboteurs who do not manage to quickly break away from their pursuers sharply rush forward in such a way that only the most trained opponents can keep up with them. In those situations when the advanced pursuers break away from their main groups, the saboteurs quite unexpectedly turn around to face them. Using explosive ammunition and other special equipment that are capable of inflicting huge lacerations and turning out the guts, saboteur warriors thus incapacitate the most determined of their opponents and frighten them with disfigured views of everyone else so that in a fit of pursuit they do not break away from the main ones. their groups. And since the speed of movement of the main groups of pursuers always turns out to be lower than that of their best representatives, well-trained and enduring saboteurs in many cases quickly manage to get away from them. In situations where individual saboteurs are seriously injured, their comrades finish them off for reasons so that they cease to be a burden for them and cannot give anything to the enemy if they fall into his hands. After one or another saboteurs and their small groups manage to get away from the chase, they concentrate in predetermined places by a predetermined control time and continue their advance with larger forces, and all those who did not have time go further on their own in order to catch up with those who have gone ahead in the process of the further path.
In situations where sabotage groups manage to detect ambushes and other enemy barrage formations deployed on their way, without being detected from his side, they are taken to be divided into parts and follow along such barriers in order to look for weaknesses in them through which it would be possible to slip unnoticed or easily break through in an unexpected and swift jerk.
After collecting all the surviving sabotage groups in the places where the planned actions are carried out, their commanders contact the agents that the GRU has in various places and with its help and often with its direct assistance determine the specific direction of all their further steps. Fundamentally renouncing the possibility of achieving their goals in the easiest of possible ways, saboteurs give preference to infiltrating the objects they have identified from those sides from which they are least expected. Making their way through the existing underground communications and through the existing natural and engineering barriers, they seek to be inside the objects and concentrate near the enemy’s key structures and firing points in order to attack them at once on a prearranged signal, deprive him of all advantages and take control of the situation. Having carried out the capture of everything planned at such objects and the preparation of their explosions, the saboteurs, having done their job, quickly split into separate groups and retreat in order to get away from the chase and recover on their way back.
But as soon as the sabotage practice brings the first successes, the enemy begins to grow wiser very quickly. Paying attention to random reports and organizing networks of observers in his rear, he begins to collect information about armed groups of unknown people seen anywhere. By marking on the maps the places from which such signals are received and lining them up in chronological order, the enemy headquarters very quickly delve into the essence of what is happening. By making some comparisons, the enemy in these situations quite easily understands for himself in which direction, with what speed, how many groups and approximate composition the sabotage special forces are moving and at what time they should be expected in certain places on the emerging routes of advance. Marking on the maps all the strategic objects that are on the route lines of such advances and taking into account the knowledge of the current situation both on the front line and on the other side of it, the enemy headquarters determine lists of probable targets for the destruction of which the GRU special forces are sent. By concentrating in advance around such objects their barrage units gathered from other places, in many cases he manages to nullify the efforts of groups of saboteurs sent there.
In turn, in situations where the sabotage special forces begin to suffer significant losses and fail to fulfill their tasks, the GRU is taken to carry out more serious operational developments. The essence of such developments is as follows. A number of sabotage groups are sent from the front line deep into the enemy rear, which are given false orders to destroy any enemy objects and which are doomed to almost complete destruction. With the greatest possible steadfastness, advancing along the routes indicated by them, such sabotage groups divert significant enemy forces and take them away in one direction. Some time after the first ones were sent, other groups of GRU special forces are being thrown in, which turn out to be aimed at completely different enemy targets. Such a throw is usually carried out deep behind enemy lines in such a way that sabotage groups move towards their targets not from the front line, but towards it, so that if they are detected, they can be mistaken for anyone, but not for saboteurs. . In order to reduce the risk of being detected, such sabotage groups lay their routes through the most deserted and wild places, move almost exclusively at night, do not make fire and kill all strangers who accidentally encounter them. And so that the saboteurs can carry the maximum of useful equipment and the minimum of what they do not need to use in business, they are taught how to survive and get their own food in any conditions, as well as combat use various kinds weapons, ammunition and improvised means from the arsenals of all the armies of the world (thus turning them into universal soldiers). Using the above tactics, the GRU special forces units are called upon to solve the tasks assigned to them in any circumstances and at any cost, and in the vast majority of cases justify the hopes placed on them.

(VDV)
Special Forces units of the Airborne Forces can be most successfully used to create an environment of chaos and discord in the rear of the retreating enemy forces, as well as solve tasks of actively assisting in the capture and holding of important strategic objects until the main attacking units of their army approach. Such objects in the course of hostilities most often turn out to be strategically important bridges, airfields, transport hubs and other structures. Due to the fact that the captures and fairly long-term retention of such large and important objects turn out to be unbearable for the relatively small groups of special forces of the Airborne Forces, its purpose is different - to create a favorable environment for this to be carried out by the forces of the airborne assault units of the Airborne Forces, which in the structure of the Russian Army are nothing more than special forces.
In order to provide practical support for ongoing offensive operations separate groups of special forces of the Airborne Forces are thrown into predetermined areas in the enemy rear, indicating each of them the approximate zones of their combat deployment. Once there, the commando paratroopers begin to carry out incessant attacks first on one, then on the other places where enemy forces are concentrated. The essence of the implementation of such attacks is as follows. Making unexpected raids and inflicting the maximum possible destructive impact and damage in the course of them, commando paratroopers rush in their attacking impulses only as long as they notice panic in their enemy. As soon as the resistance of the enemy who has come to his senses begins to take on organized features and acquire weapons power, the special forces of the Airborne Forces, not wanting to allow vain victims on their part, immediately turn around and rush into reverse side in order to immediately disappear from view and go in for a strike from some other side. In cases of pursuit of them, such special forces huddle in dense heaps and begin to retreat, hiding in the folds of the surrounding terrain and now and then changing the direction of their movements. In situations where the special forces groups of the Airborne Forces fail to quickly break away from their pursuers, they are taken right on the go to install mines behind them. After blowing up some of the pursuers, the rest of them, for reasons of ensuring their own safety, find themselves forced to slow down their run and, instead of fixing their eyes forward, begin to look mainly at their feet. This is exactly what the special forces paratroopers use and quickly dissolve in the surrounding distances in order to carry out new attacks on other enemy bases in a fairly short time.
For the simple reason that the tactics of the actions carried out by the special forces of the Airborne Forces, on the one hand, are based on ensuring swiftness and high maneuverability, and on the other hand, on the need to possess sufficient and universal firepower, its groups are created on the basis that they are not too large and not quite small - i.e. had an optimally matched number, and the special forces that made up them had well-tuned weapons and military specializations that were combined in a certain way. Due to the fact that there are no additional and spare people in the sent groups of the special forces of the Airborne Forces, it is customary for them to take care of ensuring the safety of each soldier. Based on these considerations, the radio operators of such groups, in cases of relentless pursuit by enemy forces, are instructed to give alarms to other groups of special forces who may accidentally be close to them. Those groups of special forces who pick up such signals or hear the noise of battle, according to their instructions, immediately rush in the indicated directions. Accustomed to quickly navigate in the environment, they immediately get to the bottom of what is happening and strive to take positions on any elevations in such a way as to let groups of persecuted colleagues pass by and unexpectedly hit their pursuers on the flank with all available firepower. While the dwindling enemy forces are forced to stop in their advances and take up defensive positions, groups of pursued paratroopers, having rounded the circle, return to this place in such a way that, by joint efforts with their saviors, subject the forces of the defending enemy to crossfire and insure him numerous losses.
The enemy, being busy with an unsuccessful fight against the deftly elusive groups of special forces of the Airborne Forces, very soon comes to the conclusion that they are up to something against him. But no matter how much his staff analysts bowed over the cards in such cases, clear pictures of the development of events never arise in their heads. Airborne special forces groups, abandoned behind enemy lines, with their deliberately unsystematic actions, give their opponent the impression of the absence of any sense in them. In order to protect themselves from major setbacks, the enemy headquarters in such situations have no choice but to evenly distribute the available military forces among all more or less important objects and thereby disperse them at considerable distances from each other. On the other hand, twitchy military units the enemy, realizing all the unsuccessfulness of attempts to pursue the spetsnaz who are pestering them, very soon they begin to choose for themselves the tactics of sitting without getting out in their bases. In order to finally discourage the enemy from the desire to show any kind of initiative, the airborne special forces groups are taken to intensify their activities in relation to those enemy bases from which any forces are sent to provide reinforcements to their neighbors in order to encourage them to not leaving their bases under any circumstances.
Concentrating on ensuring at least some security measures at the objects entrusted to them, the rear forces of the enemy in the emerging conditions are forced to leave many transport routes without proper supervision. The main (airborne assault) forces of the Airborne Forces, taking advantage of the atmosphere of disorder and confusion that inevitably arises in such conditions, at certain moments set off for themselves in swift marches in the directions of their intended goals. Based on the current radio messages of their special forces groups, they easily select and timely change the routes of their advances in such a way as to meet as few obstacles as possible on them and reach the objects indicated by them in the shortest possible time.
Acting in their usual demonstrative manner, the airborne assault units of the Airborne Forces approach the intended targets in march columns simultaneously from several directions. While enemy observers are trying to figure out who it was that appeared on the horizon - their own or others - they immediately strike from small-caliber guns and rockets at various places of enemy fortifications in order to give the impression of a plurality of their forces and not letting him come to his senses, quickly burst inside . In situations where retaliatory resistance in some particular areas turns out to be strong enough, air assault units leave their small groups directed against them and rapidly transfer the bulk of their forces to deliver additional strikes from those sides from which such advances can be carried out with the greatest lightness. Easily breaking into the enemy defenses from any one side, the airborne assault forces of the Airborne Forces create a threatening position for the defenders in a more successful way and, pinning them on both sides, induce them to retreat and hastily withdraw from positions and protected objects.
In cases of approaches to already captured objects of additional enemy forces, paratroopers are taken to act in their usual counterattacking manner. The essence of these actions is to disperse mobile groups of their special forces around the captured objects, which, when threatening situations arise, are taken to strike in the back of the attacking enemy and, together with the main forces, conduct oncoming battles against him, behaving in this way until the main forces of their advancing armies approach .

(GRU)
Acting autonomously from anyone and quite consciously taking certain losses, the GRU special forces thus turn out to be aimed at solving the assigned tasks in an independent and separate way. But at the same time, the risk of significant losses in the process of advancing behind enemy lines and the failure of individual groups to keep up with the established advance schedules makes it necessary to initially send sabotage forces several times greater in quantitative terms than those required for the direct implementation of the planned actions.
(VDV)
Acting in close interconnection with each other and other units of their troops and striving to prevent any losses whatsoever, the special forces of the Airborne Forces thus turn out to be aimed at solving any tasks assigned to them by joint and coordinated efforts. But at the same time, the focus on ensuring a low degree of risk makes it possible to send the minimum allowable numbers of its battle groups to ensure operational solutions to current offensive tasks and achieve their goals with minimal losses.

45th Separate Special Purpose Regiment of the Airborne Forces

Special forces units are such separate units of the troops that are designed to perform special tasks and operations. They can be either part of the fleet, ground and air forces, or part of the police and internal organs. They use special tactics and means to carry out operations.

One of the types of special forces is the special forces of the Airborne Forces. This is a special forces unit that is part of airborne troops. The special forces of the Airborne Forces were formed in Russia in 1994. On the basis of two special-purpose battalions - the 901st OBSpN and the 218th OBSpN, a single 45th special forces regiment of the Airborne Forces was formed. By July 1994 it was fully staffed. Already in December, the 45th regiment of the special forces of the Airborne Forces was sent to war in Chechnya to destroy armed gangs.

Separate units of the 45th Special Forces Regiment of the Airborne Forces took part in the hostilities until February 1995, and from March to June of the same year, a free detachment of the regiment continued to operate in Chechnya. The 45th Special Forces Regiment of the Airborne Forces is considered one of the most legendary in the military history of Russia - many of its soldiers and officers were awarded medals and orders, including the titles of Heroes Russian Federation.

Armament of the special forces of the Airborne Forces

The special forces of the Airborne Forces are equipped with better equipment, equipment, weapons than the rest of the troops, and this requires a lot of funding. The special forces of the Airborne Forces use weapons that are rarely available to ordinary troops. For example, the SVD rifle is often used, which is very powerful and reliable. There is a known case when a good shooter shot down a jet attack aircraft from an SVD rifle, hitting the pilot.

Very often the so-called "Vintorez" is used - a silent sniper rifle. With its help, a well-trained sniper can hit a target at great distances. The Vintorez rifle is so powerful that it can penetrate a steel helmet at a distance of up to 400 meters. The first use of "Vintorez" falls on the First Chechen War. "Vintorez" is available only to special forces, ordinary troops do not have access to this weapon.

Many countries use the Steyr AUG universal rifle to equip special forces. This weapon is designed for combat in urban environments and for performing lightning-fast combat missions. The rifle magazine is made of translucent material, which allows you to even visually control the number of remaining cartridges in the magazine.

The Steyr rifle is automatic - it is also possible to install a grenade launcher, which makes it truly universal and indispensable for performing tasks by special units. It was not for nothing that at the end of the 19th century, Austria-Hungary adopted the very first sniper rifle of this company, the Steyr Mannlicher, into service with the troops. This already at that time indicated that the weapon was distinguished by reliability and efficiency. Since then, the rating of Steyr's weapons has not decreased. The Steyr rifles entered service with the special forces of the Airborne Forces quite recently, but they have already managed to earn the respect of the fighters for their fighting qualities.

One of the types of weapons that the soldiers of the special forces of the Airborne Forces are supplied with is AS "Val". This machine is a silent weapon, which is why it is used by a special forces detachment in sabotage operations. AS "Val" has the ability to attach night and sniper sights to it, which allows you to identify targets at a distance of up to 300 meters. AS "Val" is usually transported in a special case, its assembly takes from 30 to 60 seconds, depending on how prepared the shooter is.

Many countries buy into service Russian export, so-called "hundredth" versions of the Kalashnikov assault rifle. This list also includes the AK-103 assault rifle. This weapon is much more effective than the usual "Kalash", and therefore is used by the armies of many countries. Moreover, AK-103 is also used by some special forces units.

One more interesting version modernization of the Kalashnikov assault rifle is the AK-74M assault rifle. AK-74M has the ability to mount an optical and night sight, a stock that can be folded to the side. It is possible to use an attached grenade launcher, which is very important and convenient for special units. That is why the AK-74M is used by many special types of troops.

Also, the AKS-74 model, a shortened Kalashnikov assault rifle, stands out from the modifications. Moreover, the mobility and compactness of the machine does not make it worse in terms of characteristics in comparison with versions with a long barrel. AKS-74 is complete in every sense, and is capable of hitting a target at a distance of more than 400 meters.

But of all the versions of the Kalashnikov weapon, the machine gun remains the most powerful, of course. Moreover, there are so many variations of the Kalashnikov Machine Gun that it is used from arming vehicles to infantrymen. The Kalashnikov machine gun was developed back in the 60s of the last century, but its popularity and the popularity of modified versions have not faded to this day. Many countries use the Kalashnikov machine gun, including for arming special units.

If the conventional troops are armed with the well-known Kalashnikov assault rifle, then the special forces use the PKM - a modernized Kalashnikov machine gun. The power of the PKM is much more than a conventional machine gun and therefore the machine gun is used in special forces for assault operations.

Another popular weapon among all the weapons of the special forces of the Airborne Forces is the "Pecheneg" machine gun. The Pecheneg machine gun was developed on the basis of the PKM and is suitable both for destroying enemy manpower and for destroying firing and transport positions, air targets. Widely used in many countries, Russia is actively exporting the "Pecheneg" machine gun.

In addition to the Kalashnikov assault rifle, a very outwardly similar weapon, the AN-94 Abakan, is widely used. This machine was created according to the classical scheme, with a clip in front, like the Kalash. AN-94 Abakan is distinguished by its special accuracy and accuracy of shots. For example, from a distance of one hundred meters, a good shooter can hit two shots at the same point on the target. This makes the AN-94 Abakan suitable for combat special operations, where the lives of many people depend on the accuracy of the shot.

In addition to all those used by special troops and airborne troops rifles, machine guns and machine guns, RPG-26 grenades are widely used. These grenades were developed back in the 80s of the last century and since that time have been in constant service with the army. This once again confirms the effectiveness of RPG-26 grenades both against manpower and against equipment and various fortifications and positions. RPG-26 grenades generally play a big role in the conduct of any hostilities, which is why they are used so widely in any wars.

Features of special forces units

The special forces of the Airborne Forces have a special status due to their specific activities. Each task of special forces requires special weapons, equipment, equipment. Consequently, the financing of special forces units is much greater than the financing of the rest of the troops. The preparatory level of soldiers has a reinforced training base and special training centers. The strongest centers are preparing special forces for the Airborne Forces.

Usually, in the special forces of the Airborne Forces they serve under a contract. The contract is explained by the high cost of training and preparatory tests. The contract in the Airborne Forces is, as a rule, not less than three years. The special forces of the Airborne Forces have a very high level of moral, physical, ideological and psychological training, which is due to the need for future special forces soldiers to work in special conditions.

The special forces of the Airborne Forces require special weapons and equipment, as mentioned earlier. This is due to the specific working conditions of the units. Therefore, the equipment and weapons of the troops are of a very narrow profile. Reconnaissance companies, battalions and other special forces perform tasks autonomously and in extreme conditions. This type of unit is also engaged in reconnaissance. Usually, special forces are thrown behind enemy lines, where the most important strategic points and centers are located.

The special forces of the Airborne Forces (Russian landing) travel very long distances on foot and wear all the equipment and equipment, which requires special training under the contract in the Airborne Forces. In our military store, a wide range of symbols of paratroopers is presented, which can be purchased at the best prices. Photo of a fighter of the 45th OPSPN:

A Brief History of the Special Forces of the Airborne Forces

There was no official special forces of the USSR Airborne Forces. Similar units in Russia originate from the 45th Special Forces Regiment of the Airborne Forces in 1994. After the withdrawal of these troops from Chechnya in 1995, a monument was opened in Sokolniki in honor of those killed during military operations. In May of the same year, the 45th Special Forces Regiment of the Airborne Forces was awarded a diploma of the President of the Russian Federation, and the regiment took part in the parade on Poklonnaya Hill in honor of the victory over the Nazis 50 years ago.

From winter to spring of 1997, a detachment of the 45th Special Forces Regiment of the Airborne Forces took part in peacekeeping operations in Gudauta - the zone of separation of the forces of Abkhazia and Georgia. In the summer of the same year, 45 Guards. The OPSPN were awarded the Battle Banner and the Order of Kutuzov, 3rd class. From the autumn of 1999 to the spring of 2006, a detachment of the regiment participated in operations against terrorists in the North Caucasus. In the summer of 2001, a memorial was opened in Kubinka in honor of the fallen soldiers of the 45th Special Forces Regiment of the Airborne Forces. Every year within the regiment there are Days of Remembrance for the fallen soldiers. The glory of the Airborne Forces comes precisely from such heroes, in whose honor the monument was erected.

In February 2008, it was renamed the 45th Special Forces Regiment of the Airborne Forces of the Order of Alexander Nevsky. In the summer of the same year, separate units participated in operations to persuade Georgia to peace. Officer Anatoly Lebed was awarded the Order of St. George IV degree. In the spring of 2010, a group of soldiers of the regiment carried out tasks for the security of Russian citizens on the territory of Kyrgyzstan. In 2012, the 45th Special Forces Regiment of the Airborne Forces participated in joint exercises with the Green Berets in America, at Fort Carson.

Creativity associated with the special forces of the Airborne Forces

Many films have been made about the heroic deeds and operations of the special forces of the Russian Airborne Forces and many songs have been written. Many materials are presented in the information tape "Voenpro". Read about it in our many articles. Watch movies and listen to music - Voenpro has it all. The special forces of the Airborne Forces in Chechnya went through a lot, and greatly influenced the course of the war. Therefore, war veterans deserve eternal memory and respect. Many documentaries tell about how it was in Chechnya for the soldiers. They talk about the horrors they have seen and what they have gone through.

A huge number of songs are still composed about veterans of the Chechen war and about those who died on it. Fighting comrades sing songs in honor and memory of their fallen friends, in honor of those with whom they were in conditions of life and death. Also on the Internet there are many amateur filming, both military operations and other special operations. Special Forces Airborne Forces of Russia is very popular among young people and many want to serve in it too.

Funds mass media made a certain cult of the special forces of the airborne forces, which is why it is so popular today. Young people are simply “blowing their heads” from the thought that they can freely use weapons and kill people. Computer games and television is filled with murder and violence, and people turn into beasts, ready to tear the enemy to pieces.

So, many films related to the actions of the special forces of the Airborne Forces in Chechnya can be found here. A video of the special forces of the Airborne Forces can be found, for example, such a landing video:

An interesting clip was shot about the special forces of the Airborne Forces "Leshy" - Vyacheslav Korneev. This clip can be viewed at the following link:

45th Special Forces Regiment of the Airborne Forces - soldiers of the future

Oddly enough, in Chechnya, the special forces are well remembered and know about him. Only the information that the special forces of the Russian Airborne Forces would soon approach forced the militants to leave their positions and leave their place of residence. When there was the first Chechen war, the leadership of the Chechen fighters promised a huge bonus to anyone who could bring at least one soldier of the 45th regiment into captivity. But no one received such an award, because during those hostilities not a single commando of the Russian Airborne Forces got to the Chechens, either dead or alive.

The 45th Special Forces Regiment of the Airborne Forces is, one might say, the youngest part of the Russian army. The regiment was created from two battalions in order to be ready to wage the Cold War. The units were supposed to conduct active reconnaissance, sabotage operations, mainly behind enemy lines. They also had to prepare a place for the landing of landing troops. Considering that the special forces of the Airborne Forces were created after " cold war”, he is still able to solve such problems and prevent such situations.

Ever since the time when Soviet troops entered Afghanistan, the Russian Armed Forces have been constantly involved in resolving various conflicts. Therefore, when the 45th Special Forces Regiment of the Airborne Forces was formed, there was already enough experience to make the soldiers universal and truly prepared for war. In addition, many foreign developments and technologies were introduced, which affected the quality of the created special forces of the Russian Airborne Forces only in a positive way. Therefore, the main goal and purpose of the soldiers of the special forces of the Airborne Forces of the Russian Federation is to resolve any military conflicts and problems of a local nature.

Consequently, the 45th Special Forces Regiment of the Airborne Forces is a unique combat unit in Russia, which has all the necessary weapons, equipment, and devices to solve its tasks. In addition to, directly, the battalions as part of the 45th regiment of the special forces of the Airborne Forces, it also has a detachment aircraft, which do not need pilots, a special-purpose detachment for solving super-important tasks, and a detachment for performing psychological operations.

The main task of the psychological detachment of the 45th Special Forces Regiment of the Airborne Forces is the demoralization and disorientation of the enemy troops - that is, the destruction of his faith in victory, in the meaning of resistance. Moreover, the detachment can set up "for" the civilian population of a neutral nature, which has not yet decided which side to defend. And this is especially important in our information age. Therefore, the psychological detachment of the 45th Special Forces Regiment of the Airborne Forces, among other things, also has a compact television station, which makes it possible to broadcast programs within a radius of ten kilometers. That is, the impact on the civilian population is thus increasing.

The capabilities of the special forces of the Russian Airborne Forces are enormous. The core of the 45th Special Forces Regiment of the Airborne Forces are special units. These units did not appear, of course, without reason - under the feet of the battalions consolidated into one regiment, there was already accumulated experience. Battalion fighters fought during the Transnistrian conflict, and already regimental fighters participated in operations during the Georgian-Abkhaz conflict. Basically, during the Georgian-Abkhaz war, the special forces of the Russian Airborne Forces ensured the safety of civilians and refugees.

But not only in the war, the fighters showed themselves. For several years, during international competitions of special forces that take place in Bulgaria, the 45th Special Forces Regiment of the Airborne Forces takes first place, bypassing the Green Berets and British special forces.

But the goal to achieve the status of a universal soldier of the special forces of the Airborne Forces is not so close. If earlier ordinary conscripts entered the school, now there are few of them. Consequently, there is no one to choose soldiers from. Previously, almost all applicants had sports categories in several categories, but now there are only a few such recruits.

Basically, they enter the service under a contract in the Airborne Forces, and from these recruits it is practically impossible to choose anyone sensible. Few have only a higher or specialized education, while the majority have a regular completed secondary education. And that is joy - if finished. But even from such applicants they make a real special forces of Russia. First of all, the applicant passes many tests in psychology and physical training to determine his readiness and ability to serve in these troops.

After they determine personality traits, they say what military specialty you are going to. For example, people of a very calm and balanced nature, like no one else, are suitable for working as a sniper or a sapper of the special forces of the Airborne Forces. The rest of the recruits, who have not been assigned anywhere, are transferred to support units, or to other military units.

After this type of selection, there is a quarantine, an oath, then, of course, they move on to the exercises. To say that it is very difficult to serve in the special forces of the Airborne Forces, for example, in military unit 33842, is the same as keeping silent. Constant training is replaced by forced marches and night shooting, facade climbing is replaced by tactical exercises or the training of sappers. And so constantly in a circle.

Naturally, not all potential soldiers of the special forces of the Russian Airborne Forces can withstand such loads and rates. Therefore, after about six months, of those newcomers who entered, only forty percent of the strength remains. Moreover, the number decreases for various reasons. Someone gets health problems from such loads, someone can not stand it physically, someone is expelled by commanders because of poor progress. Those places that remain from the departed special forces of the Airborne Forces are filled at the expense of the best paratroopers. As a result, after the first year of the exercises, real fighters of the Airborne Forces elite, who are fluent in weapons and various devices, turn out from nobody.

But it should be noted that, despite the complexity of the exercise and the workload, there are no fewer people who want to serve in the special forces of the Russian Airborne Forces. All this because the service is very interesting and useful for guys. There is no hazing here, and service in 45 OPSPN - great start for work and service in other structures of the internal organs of the state. After the end of the service, you will be happy to be taken to any type of security, security and protection, secret units. The 45th Special Forces Regiment of the Airborne Forces is an excellent military and career prospect for a young man who is able to endure difficult service and workloads.

The result of your studies can be, at your request, participation in hostilities. Although the experience that has been accumulated by previous generations is little used according to custom in our country, the 45th Special Forces Regiment of the Airborne Forces solves many issues on its own. The soldiers have manuals that are printed by some officers of the regiment, which leads to the correspondence of what is written with reality. In our time, when the main operations in Chechnya have ended, the role of the special forces of the Airborne Forces, which can be very useful in carrying out reconnaissance, search and all sorts of raid missions, is significantly increasing. Therefore, the complete withdrawal of the special forces of the Russian Airborne Forces from Chechnya is not yet planned in the near future.

AT given time special forces of the Airborne Forces in Chechnya operate as a free detachment near the village of Khatuni. The importance of this place is very great for the state, and therefore the special forces have huge tasks and responsibilities on their shoulders. The consolidated detachment also includes units of the FSB, special forces of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and others. Everyone has their own tasks within the framework of a common goal. Especially important is the fire training of fighters in this operation, so the exercises train the fighters as needed. The loads are huge, because of this, the fighters lose five or even eight kilograms in a couple of months, even taking into account the fact that the food here is enhanced.

Moreover, the special forces of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the FSB sometimes have to perform tasks that are not in their competence. Therefore, they work together with the special forces of the Airborne Forces in Chechnya, which has a specialization in precisely this type of combat operations. All these parts of the detachment are friends with each other and actively help and support each other in difficult situations in order to achieve a common goal. No one pays attention to the subordination of departments in this situation.

Some of the 45th Special Forces Regiment of the Airborne Forces is stationed in Sokolniki. There they are in the barracks of the Preobrazhensky Regiment. And this part is very actively fighting to be part of the Preobrazhensky Regiment according to all official papers. And there are several reasons for this.

Historically, the Preobrazhensky Regiment is the first regular armament regiment in Russia. And the 45th regiment of the special forces of the Airborne Forces - one might say, the first regiment new army Russia, regiment of the future. And the attitude towards the fighters is completely new, compared to the old views. Now every soldier of the special forces of the Airborne Forces is a value in which a lot of finance and other resources have been invested. Previously, the fighters were cannon fodder without special specific training, which no one appreciated and did not consider in the war.

Now the fighters are highly professional and qualified. Now the 45th Special Forces Regiment of the Airborne Forces is a place where experienced and skilled personnel of special forces are trained. Many of those who went through this school serve in internal organs, Alpha, Omega and many other promising places. But it is worth noting that after many years of service in the regiment, most officers do not want to be transferred to other places for a service that is more promising. All because of long years The 45th Special Forces Regiment of the Airborne Forces has become for them really a family and a home, which you cannot and do not want to leave.

In the regiment itself, special psychological and moral principles have developed that make its officers friendly and fraternal. This can be seen from the fact that those officers who retired and settled down regularly sponsor those fighting in Chechnya. It is interesting to note that veterans of the 45th Special Forces Regiment of the Airborne Forces help not only with material resources.

It was such that when it was necessary to replace fighters in the Caucasus in 1999, a suitable replacement was not found. Then the reserve officers decided to come to the aid of the regiment. They abandoned their profitable official and career positions, and formed their own detachment of veterans, who went to the Caucasus. Their very first business was to occupy an important height and ensure there was a four-hour reflection of enemy attacks. At this time, the regiment was able to prepare new special forces soldiers of the Russian Airborne Forces to send them to the Caucasus.

For all the years of existence of the 45th Special Forces Regiment of the Airborne Forces, its officers do not stop fighting. All conflicts that happened in Chechnya, Bosnia, Dagestan, Kosovo were resolved with the help of special forces of the Russian Airborne Forces. During this period, there were awards by the minister, and the awarding of five soldiers of the regiment with Heroes of Russia. And, oddly enough, various accusations were also present in the history of the regiment. But be that as it may, the special forces of the Airborne Forces are still the real elite of the Russian army.

His warriors have shown themselves excellently during the times of all conflicts and wars. A bunch of enemy weapons depots, drug depots were found, many lives of civilians were saved, many troubles were prevented. As a result, the officers deserved their proud existence with a strong and enduring body, and the 45th Special Forces Regiment of the Airborne Forces is, indeed, the regiment of the future.

News related to the special forces of the Airborne Forces

There is news that the special forces of the Russian Airborne Forces have recently adopted a foreign Steyr Mannlicher rifle. Them total, which the soldiers received, amounted to more than thirty units. Alexander Kucherenko, representative of the Russian Ministry of Defense for airborne troops, spoke about this news. He says these are the first foreign-made Mannlicher rifles to have been supplied to the regiment. In general, the purchase of Austrian weapons began in 2010.

Moreover, they say that the supply of Austrian sniper rifles will not end there, and the regiment will be provided with them regularly. The fighters have already passed all the necessary training courses on the use of this weapon in the centers of the Ministry of Defense and are ready to use it. What exactly the model of the Mannlicher rifle was adopted is not specified. Prior to this, the special forces of the Airborne Forces used the SVD sniper rifle.

They also say that the replenishment also touched on equipment. Significantly increased the number of aircraft that do not need a pilot. Again, it is not said which devices were received. The special forces of the Airborne Forces also received about two dozen reconnaissance radar stations, more than three dozen other reconnaissance devices and several ground surveillance stations.

More about new

It was recently reported that a special forces detachment of the Airborne Forces destroyed a monument to the fallen soldiers of the SS detachment in Lithuania. The state is trying by all possible methods to prove that no such order was officially issued from the headquarters. What is the matter, they are still trying to figure it out.

According to the first information, it turns out that the commander of the special forces detachment of the Airborne Forces took all the blame. It seems that he, having drunk, gave the order to his detachment, which at that moment was on exercises in the Pskov region, to cross the border with Lithuania and destroy the SS monument there. The state confirms this version, motivating it by the fact that there was no communication with the headquarters during the exercises, and therefore he could not give such an order for objective reasons. The commander of the special forces of the Airborne Forces himself is under guard, and cannot comment on this.

The fact is that no one would have known, probably, that it was the special forces of the Airborne Forces who destroyed the monument, but the surveillance cameras filmed the crime. But the detachment worked so quietly that not a single civilian and not a single policeman saw the action itself. In addition, microphones were installed on the cameras.

And the Lithuanian government heard everything that the Russian special forces of the Airborne Forces said about those who allowed the installation of the SS monument. In general, at first the Lithuanian government was at a loss, because not every day a detachment of special forces of the Russian Airborne Forces destroys a monument in the center of a Lithuanian city. It could not even believe it, if not for the video. The Russian government did not comment at first, but was forced to do so under the influence of photo evidence provided to it. Now all the details of the circumstances are being clarified.

One day of teaching

The detachment of the special forces of the Airborne Forces moved very secretly and quietly through the dense forest. From all sides, the muzzle of a weapon protruded from the detachment, ready to fire at any necessary moment. The soldiers walked, covering each other, constantly observing and analyzing the situation around. It was necessary to constantly listen and sniff everything around.

It was already the third day of training, and the scouts of the 45th Special Forces Regiment of the Airborne Forces were actively preparing for the previous competitions. The main part of the detachment are soldiers under contract in the Airborne Forces and young conscripts. The instructor said that in order to fully prepare a full-fledged soldier of the special forces of the Airborne Forces, at least three years are needed. It turns out that there was no sense from the conscripts, and they do not reinforce the group with anything. Although, the commander of the detachment said that the conscripts showed themselves very well in recent days and they are not a burden.

In addition to the commanders of the detachment, the group also included snipers, demolition workers and signalmen. Of course, everyone has their own kind of activity, task and specialization, but in the case of a missing link, each of the fighters is able to replace the other in a full-fledged way. The special forces of the Russian Airborne Forces are, indeed, universal soldiers capable of performing a variety of tasks.

The armament of the detachment was the most diverse. Some fighters had SVD sniper rifles in their hands, others received Vintorez with their weapons. Some of the soldiers were armed with Kalashnikov machine guns. Of course, all fighters are trained in an excellent way to use edged weapons, so everyone must have a blade. In addition, all have pistols, and in some cases - with a silencer.

On this day of the exercises, the tasks were the most diverse and diverse. First, the special forces of the Airborne Forces had to carefully move through the forest, well disguised and preparing for a possible attack. After that, it was supposed to imitate the injury of one of the fighters and provide him with first aid. After that, it was necessary to capture the car, taking the enemy prisoner from it, and at the end it was required to overcome the water barrier.

The members of the detachment had the most diverse clothing and equipment, but mostly of high quality. In general, the soldiers of the special forces of the Airborne Forces wore what was not a pity and what was cheaper and better. This was due primarily to the fact that the soldiers dressed completely at their own expense. But, since the 45th Special Forces Regiment of the Airborne Forces are universal soldiers, they are used to working in a wide variety of and specific conditions.

The shoes got a lot of attention. It was, oddly enough, non-standard, but, apparently, comfortable, high-quality and expensive. It also aroused interest in what soldiers of the special forces of the Airborne Forces use - socks or footcloths. It turned out that special law no, you can wear both the first and the other. The only difference is that it is more convenient for someone to use. Shoes are very important for the special forces of the Airborne Forces, because they have to bear the weight on themselves, sometimes reaching forty or fifty kilograms, but in this case they told me that the weight was about twenty to thirty kilograms.

After the detachment left the forest, the fighters crossed the road and successfully played a clash with an unexpected enemy, as a result of which one of the fighters of the special forces of the Russian Airborne Forces was seriously injured. The injury was in lower limb and another bullet hit him in the eye. Everything was complicated by the fact that there was active bleeding that needed to be stopped.

The wounded soldier of the special forces of the Airborne Forces was pulled with a tourniquet on his leg, and his head was bandaged heavily with a bandage. After that, it was required to inject the drug into a vein. The injection was done for real, only instead of cardiac stimulants, ordinary harmless glucose was injected.

Before capturing the enemy, the special forces detachment of the Airborne Forces split up on different sides of the road. At the time when the truck drove up to the right distance, packages of paint flew into the windshield.

Under present conditions, bullets would have flown, but since there were exercises, paint packages flew. After that, the detachment performed a successful capture of a prisoner. This took about thirty seconds. The 45th Special Forces Regiment of the Airborne Forces, as always, worked promptly and professionally. It aroused interest in what they do with the prisoner, because the same one can be silent, as we often see in films. But I was informed that such situations, when the prisoner is silent, almost never happen in history.

If the prisoner refuses to speak, such psychological and physical methods are applied to him by the special forces of the Airborne Forces that his will breaks down and he gives out everything that is needed. After interrogation, the fate of the captured person can be decided in two ways. The first is that he will be left alive if the command of the special forces of the Russian Airborne Forces still needs him. Then his will is limited, but he remains alive. If there is no longer any need for a prisoner, he can be destroyed.

When the time came for the execution of the last task, that is, for the crossing of the river, the soldiers were visibly delighted. The special forces of the Airborne Forces took off everything except their hats and T-shirts. In combat conditions, black flippers are used for swimming, but in exercises they are yellow, so that if they are lost, they can be found. After the complete collection of things and their packaging in special waterproof bags, the special forces of the Airborne Forces tied weapons to them. Next, a cable from plastic bottles is tied.

Two swimmers swim across to the other side, and the rest prepare for swimming and defend themselves. When two members of the Russian Airborne Special Forces have crossed over, the next two swim, using a rope made of bottles to facilitate movement. And so the swimming continues. After all the soldiers of the detachment moved to the other side, everyone was very tired and hungry. The commander said that the detachment had four or five hours to rest, and after that they could move on. If, of course, it is required.

The future of the "landing" was outlined by an expert.

The country is preparing for the fact that August 2 will be the day of the Airborne Forces. No matter how often, congratulating each other on this day, fighters in blue berets did not wish themselves a clear sky above their heads, clouds are already beginning to gather over the Airborne Forces.

According to military expert Mikhail Ivanov, the day of the Airborne Forces in 2019 will be the last day before the merger of the landing troops with the MTR GRU.

The expert believes that the Airborne Forces can be divided into two unequal parts. First some units of the Airborne Forces, which will include "regular" airborne units, can be transferred under the command of the Russian Aerospace Forces. Second and a smaller part of the airborne troops, consisting of units of the special forces of the Airborne Forces, will be merged into the MTR GRU. In favor of this assumption, the military expert gives the following arguments.

Firstly, even in Soviet times, the GRU special forces often used the form of the Airborne Forces. Now the Airborne Forces and the MTR GRU will receive the same military uniform. Secondly, in the Russian army, in general, there is now a trend towards enlargement of the command and control structure. Thirdly, the expert hastens to recall the history of the formation of the MTR GRU, which arose on the basis of the GRU special forces. Part of the GRU special forces units became the Special Operations Forces, while military-level special forces units (from a company to a brigade) were subordinated to the command of the Ground Forces of the RF Armed Forces.

The expert calls the 45th Guards Special Forces Brigade of the Airborne Forces, which will be able to significantly strengthen the GRU Special Operations Forces, the most valuable acquisition for the MTR GRU, in the event of merging with the landing troops.

Of course, we must not forget that this is just an assumption and whether it will come true or not - only time will tell. Despite a certain rational grain, in reasoning about the inevitability of the merger of the Airborne Forces and the MTR GRU, we must not forget that there are great amount arguments against. For example, the high level of corporate solidarity of the paratroopers themselves, who do not want the liquidation of "a kind" of troops.

Almost every army has special forces or special forces. Russian special forces The Airborne Forces is a special regiment of the Airborne Forces, designed to perform various specific operations, which is part of the Russian airborne troops. The 45th Special Forces Regiment of the Airborne Forces in 2015 was renamed the 45th Separate Brigade of the Special Forces of the Airborne Forces.

The history of the appearance of the special forces of the Airborne Forces

In the days of the USSR, there were not only special forces, but also no specialized detachments. The first Russian special forces detachment appeared only in 1994. Although about special forces in Soviet time there were many legends, in fact, dangerous missions were carried out by airborne troops, and secret missions were mainly scouts and secret agents.

The 45th Special Forces Regiment of the Airborne Forces was formed in February 1994, specifically for the elimination of gangs in Chechnya. In 1995, when the entire regiment was withdrawn from Chechnya, it had already managed to show its effectiveness in battles.

In 1997, the 45th Special Forces Regiment took an active part in the Georgian-Abkhazian conflict, for which he received the Battle Banner and the Order of Kutuzov. With the resumption of hostilities in Chechnya from 1999 to 2006, the regiment's detachments actively participated in many military operations against terrorists and bandits.

Although the history of the special forces regiment of the Airborne Forces begins in 1994, he has already managed to cover himself with glory, since many of his fighters and officers are Heroes of the Russian Federation.

Weapons and equipment of the special forces of the Airborne Forces

Since the special forces of the Airborne Forces solve very specific and complex tasks, their weapons and equipment are of higher quality and more diverse than the standard weapons of the Airborne Forces units (which are already one of the best in the Russian army). Such weapons require huge funding. Soldiers of the special forces of the Airborne Forces often use such types of weapons that are practically inaccessible to other types of rifle troops.

Weapons that are most often used by special forces soldiers of the Airborne Forces:

• SVD is a famous sniper rifle. Although this weapon is not something outstanding, many veterans of the special forces of the Airborne Forces are accustomed to using this particular model sniper rifle. From this rifle, some skilled snipers even managed to shoot down planes, hitting their pilot;
• Currently, the SVD rifle is being replaced by the Vintorez, which is a silent model of a sniper rifle. A powerful "sniper" not only allows you to hit targets that are at considerable distances from the shooter, but is also capable of penetrating a modern steel helmet at a distance of up to 400 meters. The first combat use of the Vintorez sniper rifle was recorded in the first Chechen campaign. This weapon is in service only with units of the special forces of the Airborne Forces, other types of troops do not have access to this weapon;
• The Steyr automatic rifle is also used by the special forces of the Airborne Forces. Although this weapon has a high price, its scope is quite wide. The Steyr rifle has the ability to install and use an underbarrel grenade launcher, which is often a necessity when performing special tasks. The use of such a combined weapon makes it possible to do without a regular grenade launcher, which can significantly reduce the mobility of a special forces group of the Airborne Forces performing a special task. Although the Steyr rifle has only recently appeared among the standard weapons of the special forces of the Airborne Forces, the fighters rightfully appreciated its reliability and versatility;
• Silent automatic machine AS "Val" entered service in the days of the USSR. In the late 80s, they were recommended for use by special forces when performing various sabotage missions that require noiselessness and secrecy. AS "Val" is equipped with a sniper and night sight, and its transportation is most often carried out in a compact case. Assembly time and preparation of AS "Val" for firing takes no more than 1 minute;
• The main assault rifle of the Russian army, the AK, is also used by special forces units of the Airborne Forces. True, these are not ordinary modifications that are used in the Russian army, but export models of the hundredth series. Most often, the special forces of the Airborne Forces use the AK-103, which, in addition to being of a better assembly, uses a caliber of 7.62 × 39 mm;
• For sudden operations, for which it is impossible to take overall models of weapons, they most often take AK-74M, which have a folding butt, the ability to use a sight and an underbarrel grenade launcher. In some cases, special forces soldiers use a shortened model from the Kalashnikov line of small arms - AKS-74. At short distances, this model is practically not inferior in performance to standard Kalashnikov assault rifles;
• Naturally, the most popular machine gun, both for the entire Russian army and for the special forces of the Airborne Forces, is the Kalashnikov machine gun. Developed back in the 60s of the 20th century, it still has not lost popularity. There are many variants of the PC, which are used both for infantry and for installation on combat vehicles. The special forces of the Airborne Forces use the most last modification machine gun Kalashnikov - PKM, which is characterized by lower weight and ease of use. There is also a "night" version of the modernized Kalashnikov machine gun, which is called PKMN;
• A more modern model of a machine gun, which is in service with the special forces of the Airborne Forces, is the Pecheneg machine gun. This model is not just a modification of the PKM, but really new model, the basis for the creation of which was the PCM. This machine gun is suitable not only for firing at enemy manpower, but also for destroying transport and even air targets. The Pecheneg machine gun is exported to the countries of the CIS and the East;
• For hostage rescue operations, the AN-95 Abdukan assault rifle is used, which outwardly resembles a Kalashnikov assault rifle. Its main difference from the "Kalash" is the incredible accuracy and accuracy of shots. At a distance of 100 meters, an experienced sniper is able to hit the same point with two shots. In hostage rescue operations, people's lives often depend on the accuracy of the fighters involved in their rescue. The AN-95 "Abdukan" submachine gun is able to significantly reduce the death rate of hostages in such operations, since a few accurate shots can quickly eliminate terrorists;
• In addition to small arms, the special forces of the Airborne Forces often use grenades. The most common is the RPG-26. This type of rocket-propelled grenades, which were developed back in the mid-80s, still has not lost its relevance and is an effective tool for destroying enemy equipment and fortifications. Since the range of application of these grenades is very wide, they are used different types troops of the Russian Federation.

In addition to the above models of weapons, the special forces of the Airborne Forces receive and latest designs equipment that is developed taking into account the specifics of the combat missions of special forces.

The specifics of special forces

Since the fulfillment of the special tasks that are assigned to the special forces of the Airborne Forces requires specialized weapons, equipment and equipment, the funding that is allocated for the needs of the special forces differs significantly in big side. The training of personnel is particularly thorough, and specialists are trained only in the best training centers, under the guidance of veteran instructors. In addition, joint international exercises are being carried out, in which the special forces of different countries exchange combat experience.

Service in the special forces of the Airborne Forces is carried out, as a rule, under a contract, which is concluded for at least 3 years. This is due to the fact that almost every special forces soldier is a highly qualified specialist in some field, and a huge amount is invested in him during training, and the departure of such a soldier can disrupt the entire well-established structure in the detachment, where each soldier clearly performs precisely his tasks. For example, having lost a mining specialist, the squad will spend much more time penetrating the militants' hideout, which can cost the life of the entire squad, as it will give the bandits the opportunity to prepare for the attack.

Tasks that the special forces of the Airborne Forces should solve

The main task of the special forces is the complete demoralization of the enemy. Suddenly appearing behind enemy lines, experienced fighters who have excellent training are able to cause significant damage to the enemy in a matter of minutes. Seeing how a small detachment easily copes with many times superior forces, the enemy loses faith in victory and easily turns into a panic. The task of the regular troops at this moment is to support the special forces and occupy the captured positions.

In addition, the special forces of the Airborne Forces are capable of conducting sabotage activities behind enemy lines, organizing resistance units and "poaching" the civilian population to their side. To this end, special forces units of the Airborne Forces not only undergo special psychological training, but also have mobile television stations capable of broadcasting within a radius of about 10 kilometers.

AT Peaceful time there is also a lot of work for the special forces of the airborne forces. In addition, Russian special forces annually take part in competitions that are held among the special forces of the leading countries of the world. Russian special forces constantly take first place, bypassing both the famous Green Berets and British special forces.

The training of the special forces of the Airborne Forces is still at its best, but every year it becomes more and more difficult to recruit recruits. There are enough applicants, but among them it is quite difficult to choose worthy ones. If earlier each applicant had a sports category (often even in several sports), now such recruits are quite rare.

How to get into the special forces of the Airborne Forces

Those applicants who want to get into the special forces of the Airborne Forces must already have served their military service and have high health indicators that are required for future special forces. After passing a medical examination, applicants are subjected to a variety of tests that should determine their mental health and readiness to serve in the special forces.

The most calm and balanced applicants are taken as snipers or sappers, the rest are distributed according to military professions according to temperament and psychological stability. Those applicants who have not passed the tests are offered service in other parts of the Russian army.

After the selection, exercises begin, which are passed by no more than 40 percent of applicants. If too few people remain after the exercises, the empty places are filled with the best fighters of the Airborne Forces, who have shown themselves excellently during their military service. Such a tough selection leads to the fact that after a year of training, the fighters are already experts in the use of various types of weapons and special devices. The best fighters of the special forces of the Airborne Forces are real universal soldiers, although almost every one of them owns some military profession better than others.

In the short time that the special forces of the Airborne Forces exist, its officers and fighters managed to take part in all the military conflicts in which Russia was drawn. Until now, the special forces of the Airborne Forces are the most elite soldiers of the army of the Russian Federation. Numerous medals and orders, which were awarded to the soldiers and officers of the special forces of the Airborne Forces, serve as a clear proof of this.

Airborne troops. The history of the Russian landing Alekhin Roman Viktorovich

GRU SPECIAL PURPOSE UNITS AND UNITS

The experience of the Great Patriotic War showed that large airborne formations (brigade, corps), landed behind enemy lines to a sufficiently large depth (Vyazemsky and Dnieper operations), for several days (and with appropriate supplies, probably more) could conduct active offensive and defensive operations. However, the same experience showed that supply could not be established, interaction with front-line (strike) aviation could not be established. As a result, due to a number of miscalculations made, all major airborne operations carried out during the war did not fully achieve their goals.

Nevertheless, the actions of small reconnaissance and sabotage groups sent behind enemy lines, with proper support and training, brought tangible results. An example of such hostilities is the actions of groups and detachments of a separate NKVD special-purpose motorized rifle brigade, the actions of front-line intelligence agencies, which throughout the war were thrown into the near and far rear of the enemy, and also partly the actions of special groups during the Far Eastern offensive operation.

Therefore, it was clear that for reconnaissance and sabotage tasks, not large military units, but small and mobile groups were best suited, which, in turn, required special training, different from the training of combined arms (motorized rifle, airborne) units.

In addition, almost immediately after the war, the potential enemy had targets, the opening and destruction of which depended on the life or death of entire combined arms formations, large political and industrial centers - airfields of bombers equipped with nuclear bombs. Destroy enemy nuclear aircraft at these airfields, or at least disrupt a mass take-off in right time(in the opinion of Soviet military leaders) theoretically could be small sabotage groups, withdrawn in advance to the area where the task object was located. It was decided to form such sabotage units under the wing of the Main Intelligence Directorate of the General Staff, since sabotage formations were subordinated to scouts during the war.

On October 24, 1950, by directive of the Minister of War of the USSR No. org / 2 / 395832, the commanders of the armies and military districts were ordered to "Form under the combined arms and mechanized armies, as well as in some military districts, separate special-purpose companies." The document was signed by Minister of War A. M. Vasilevsky and Chief of the General Staff S. M. Shtemenko.

According to this directive, under the leadership of the GRU General Staff, until May 1, 1951, 46 separate special-purpose companies were formed. The number of each company was 120 people. The total number of personnel of the companies of the army and district special forces was 5520 people.

Some sources claim that 41 companies were formed under combined arms and mechanized armies, and the remaining five companies were formed in districts that did not have separate armies. However, the usual calculation of the combined-arms and mechanized armies that existed at that time gives reason to assume that there were fewer army companies, and more district ones. Or, in some armies, two or more separate special-purpose companies (ORSpN) were formed.

On October 26, 1950, the operational management of special-purpose companies and the provision of combat training was entrusted to the GRU General Staff, where a direction was created under the 2nd department of the 3rd Directorate of the GRU. Colonel P. I. Stepanov was appointed head of the direction.

Directly in the formations, the management of special-purpose companies was carried out by the 3rd departments of intelligence directorates.

The main purpose for which special-purpose companies were created was the desire of the General Staff to have forces capable of effectively combating enemy nuclear attack weapons. To do this, it was necessary to combine reconnaissance components with strike components for effective opening and destruction of specific targets. The army special forces were created as a sabotage weapon, which was tasked with fighting the enemy not on its own territory, but deep in the territory of the enemy. The special forces were supposed to operate in the rear, detect and destroy launchers missiles, arsenals, storage bases, strategic aviation at airfields, to prevent the regrouping of troops, to disrupt the transport of troops and cargo. Thus, even during the formation, special forces companies were given functions that were performed by partisan detachments during the war.

In the formation of separate special-purpose companies, the chiefs of intelligence of the armies and districts in which the companies were formed, as well as the heads of the third departments of the intelligence departments of the headquarters of the associations, were involved. Since air was recognized as the main method of withdrawal to the rear of the enemy, specialists from the parachute service of the airborne troops were actively involved in the formation of new units.

Structurally, special-purpose companies of that time included two special reconnaissance platoons, one training platoon (in which specialists and junior commanders were trained) and a special radio communications platoon.

Almost immediately after the formation of the company, they began to conduct combat training, which included fire, airborne, engineering, reconnaissance and a number of others. The main means of destroying objects and manpower of the enemy in the companies was considered to be mine-explosive equipment, which, of course, spoke of the use of rich combat experience of partisans and guards battalions of miners when creating special forces companies.

In fact, special-purpose companies could be called "companies of miners-paratroopers", but due to the special focus of the tasks, they received the name they received.

At the very beginning of the 50s, the Soviet Army suffered a large reduction. Divisions, brigades and regiments were reduced by tens and hundreds, many corps, armies and districts were disbanded. The GRU special forces did not escape the fate of reductions - in 1953, 35 special-purpose companies were disbanded. General N.V. Ogarkov saved special intelligence from a complete reduction, who was able to prove to the government the need to have such formations in the USSR Armed Forces.

In total, 11 special-purpose companies were retained. Companies remained in the most important operational areas:

18th separate special-purpose company of the 36th combined arms army of the Trans-Baikal Military District (near the town of Borzya);

26th separate special-purpose company of the 2nd Guards Mechanized Army of the Group of Soviet Occupation Forces in Germany (garrison in Furstenberg);

27th separate special-purpose company (district) in the Northern Group of Forces (Poland, Strzegom);

36th separate special-purpose company of the 13th combined arms army of the Carpathian military district (Khmelnitsky);

43rd Separate Special Purpose Company 7th guards army Transcaucasian Military District (Lagodekhi);

61st Separate Special Purpose Company of the 5th Combined Arms Army of the Primorsky Military District (Ussuriysk);

75th separate special-purpose company in the Special Mechanized Army (Hungary, Nyiregyhaza);

76th separate special-purpose company of the 23rd combined arms army of the Leningrad Military District (Pskov);

77th separate special-purpose company of the 8th mechanized army of the Carpathian military district (Zhytomyr);

78th separate special-purpose company (district) in the Taurida military district (Simferopol);

92nd separate special-purpose company of the 25th combined-arms army of the Primorsky military district (n. p. Fighter Kuznetsov).

Among the total number of disbanded special forces companies, one should mention companies that, in addition to general “special forces” training, also had special conditions of service: for example, soldiers of the 99th separate special forces company (district) of the Arkhangelsk Military District in combat training were oriented towards tasks in difficult conditions In the Arctic, scouts of the 200th separate special-purpose company of the Siberian Military District studied the “Chinese” theater of operations, and the personnel of the 227th separate special-purpose company of the 9th combined-arms army of the North Caucasus Military District underwent mountain training.

In 1956, the 61st separate special-purpose company of the 5th combined arms army of the Far Eastern military district was relocated to the Turkestan military district in the city of Kazandzhik. Probably, the leadership of the General Staff decided to pay attention to the southern "Islamic" direction.

The second wave of the formation of separate special-purpose companies took place at the beginning of the 70s. Apparently, at that time the fathers of the General Staff decided to give a "special purpose tool" not only to the fronts (districts), but also to some combined arms formations. As a result, several separate companies were formed for armies and army corps. Several companies were formed for internal military districts that did not previously have special intelligence units. In particular, the 791st separate special-purpose company was formed in the Siberian Military District. In the Western Group of Forces in Germany and in the Far East, separate companies were formed in each army.

In 1979, the 459th separate special-purpose company was formed as part of the Turkestan military district for the purpose of subsequent use in Afghanistan. The company will be introduced into the DRA and will show itself in the best possible way.

Another wave of formation of separate special-purpose companies occurred in the mid-80s. Then companies were formed in all armies and corps, which until that moment did not have such units. Companies were formed even in such exotic (but quite justified) directions as Sakhalin (877th separate special-purpose company of the 68th army corps) and Kamchatka (571st separate special-purpose company of the 25th army corps).

In "democratic" Russia, after the separation of the "free" republics and the withdrawal of troops from the countries of the no longer socialist camp, eight military districts remained with the corresponding number of armies and corps. Part of the individual special-purpose companies took part in the first Chechen war, where they were used as military intelligence, as guarding columns and precious command bodies - in general, as always, for "special purposes". All companies subordinate to the North Caucasian Military District, as well as two companies of the Moscow Military District, one of which, the 806th, was formed literally on the eve of the Chechen campaign as part of the 1st Guards Tank Army, withdrawn from Germany to Smolensk. In addition, by the summer of 1996, a new, 584th separate special-purpose company was formed as part of the 205th motorized rifle brigade. At the end of this war, another reduction followed Russian army, and including its intelligence agencies. In order to preserve large special forces formations, the GRU made acceptable sacrifices - it gave away individual special-purpose companies to be "eaten up". By the end of 1998, separate special-purpose companies (with the exception of two companies located in special directions: the 75th subordinate to the Kaliningrad defensive region and the 584th, by this time transferred to the headquarters of the 58th combined arms army) in the structure of the Russian Armed Forces have ceased to exist.

Later, already during the Second Chechen War, in the North Caucasian Military District, for operations on the territory of Chechnya, six numberless special-purpose companies had to be formed (three companies in the 131st, 136th, 205th Omsbr and three companies in reconnaissance battalions 19th, 20th and 42nd MRD). These companies, according to the plans for combat training of special forces units, performed the prescribed number of parachute jumps at the airfields of the district.

In 1957, the leadership of the Armed Forces of the USSR decided to reorganize five special-purpose companies into battalions. By the end of the year, the USSR Armed Forces included five special-purpose battalions and four separate special-purpose companies:

26th Separate Special Purpose Battalion GSVG (Fürstenberg);

27th Separate Special Purpose Battalion of the SGV (Stshegom);

36th separate special-purpose battalion of the PrikVO (Khmelnitsky);

43rd separate special-purpose battalion of the ZakVO (Lagodekhi);

61st Separate Special Purpose Battalion TurkVO (Kazandzhik);

18th separate special-purpose company of the 36th OA ZabVO (Borzya);

75th separate special-purpose company of the South GV (Nyiregyhaza);

77th separate special-purpose company of the 8th TA PrikVO (Zhytomyr);

78th separate special-purpose company of the OdVO (Simferopol).

At the same time, two companies were disbanded, the personnel of which went to staff new battalions. For example, the 92nd separate special-purpose company of the 25th Army of the Far Eastern Military District was urgently loaded onto the train and sent to Poland - on the basis of this company (and the 27th company of the Northern Group of Forces), the 27th separate special forces battalion.

The transfer of special forces units to the battalion structure made it possible to optimize the educational process, freeing a significant part of the personnel from carrying out garrison and guard duty. Three battalions were concentrated in the western (European) direction, one was in the Caucasus and one more in Central Asia. Three companies were on westbound, and only one special-purpose company at that time we had on eastbound as part of the 36th Army of the Trans-Baikal Military District.

Subsequently, after the creation of brigades, special-purpose battalions became known as "detachments", and organizationally they were all part of the brigades. Starting from the 60s, battalions did not exist as independent combat units, with the exception of individual detachments of brigades, which could be detached from the formation for operations in separate operational areas, but continued to remain in brigades in peacetime.

The experience of conducting combat training and various exercises showed the need to create formations in the GRU system that are much larger than the existing separate battalions, which would be able to solve an expanded range of tasks.

In particular, during the threatened period, special forces were supposed to engage not only in reconnaissance and sabotage behind enemy lines, but also in the formation partisan detachments in the occupied territory (or in the territory that could be occupied). In the future, relying on these partisan formations, the special forces had to solve their problems. It was the partisan orientation that was the priority combat mission of the formations being created.

In accordance with the resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU of August 20, 1961 "On the training of personnel and the development of special equipment for organizing and equipping partisan detachments" by the directive of the General Staff of February 5, 1962, in order to train and accumulate personnel for deployment partisan movement in wartime, the commanders of the military districts were ordered to select 1,700 reserve servicemen, bring them into a brigade and conduct thirty-day training camps. After the training camp, the personnel were assigned special military registration specialties. They were forbidden to be reserved for the national economy and not used for their intended purpose.

By the directive of the General Staff of March 27, 1962, drafts of the states of special-purpose brigades for peacetime and wartime were developed.

Since 1962, the creation of 10 cadre brigades began, the formation and arrangement of which was basically completed by the end of 1963:

2nd Special Forces (military unit 64044), formed on December 1, 1962 (according to other sources, in 1964) on the basis of the collapsed 76th Specialized Special Forces of the LenVO and personnel of the 237th Guards Airborne Regiment, first commander - A, N. Grishakov; Leningrad Military District, Pechory, Promezhitsy;

4th Special Forces (military unit 77034), formed in 1962 in Riga, the first commander was A.S. Zhizhin; Baltic Military District, then transferred to Viljandi;

5th ObrSpN (military unit 89417), formed in 1962, first commander - I. I. Kovalevsky; Belarusian military district, Maryina Gorka;

8th Specialized Special Forces (military unit 65554), formed in 1962 on the basis of the 36th Specialized Special Forces, Carpathian Military District, Izyaslav, Ukraine;

9th ObrSpN (military unit 83483), formed in 1962, first commander - L.S. Egorov; Kyiv Military District, Kirovograd, Ukraine;

10th ObrSpN (military unit 65564), formed in 1962, Odessa Military District, Stary Krym, Pervomaisky;

12th Specialized Special Forces (military unit 64406), formed in 1962 on the basis of the 43rd Specialized Special Forces, the first commander - I, I. Geleverya; Transcaucasian Military District, Lagodekhi, Georgia;

14th ObrSpN (military unit 74854), formed on January 1, 1963 on the basis of the 77th orb, first commander - P.N. Rymin; Far Eastern Military District, Ussuriysk;

15th Specialized Special Forces (military unit 64411), formed on January 1, 1963 on the basis of the 61st Specialized Specialized Forces, first commander - N.N. Lutsev; Turkestan Military District, Chirchik, Uzbekistan;

16th Special Forces (military unit 54607), formed on January 1, 1963, the first commander - A. V. Shipka; Moscow military district, Chuchkovo.

Brigades were formed mainly by military personnel of the airborne and ground forces. For example, the officer backbone of the 14th Specialized Special Forces of the Far Eastern Military District during the formation was staffed by officers of the 98th Guards Airborne Division from Belogorsk (from which 14 officers - participants in the Great Patriotic War came to the brigade), and the conscripts were recruited from military commissariats.

Basically, the formation of the first ten brigades was completed by the beginning of 1963, but, for example, the 2nd Special Forces, according to some sources, was finally formed only in 1964.

The organizational and staffing structure of a separate special-purpose brigade in 1963 was as follows:

Brigade headquarters (about 30 people);

One deployed detachment of Special Forces (164 people in the state);

Detachment of special radio communications on a reduced staff (about 60 people);

Three cadre detachments of the Special Forces;

Two framed separate detachments of Special Forces;

Company of economic support;

in addition, the brigade included such collapsed units as:

Company of special mining;

Group special weapons(ATGM, PC Grad-P, MANPADS).

In peacetime, the size of a cadre brigade did not exceed 200-300 people; in wartime states, a fully deployed special-purpose brigade had more than 2,500 people.

At the beginning of its existence, the brigades were cadre, and, in particular, in the 9th Special Forces, stationed in Ukraine in the city of Kirovograd, there were initially six detachments, in which only the first detachment had two special forces companies, a special weapons platoon and a special radio communications platoon. The other five detachments had only commanders. The command, headquarters and political department of the brigade consisted of thirty people. Colonel L. S. Egorov was appointed the first commander of the 9th brigade, but soon he received a spinal injury while parachuting, and Colonel Arkhireev was appointed commander of the brigade.

By the end of 1963, the USSR Armed Forces included (some in the process of formation):

Twelve separate special forces companies;

Two separate special forces battalions;

Ten separate special purpose brigades (frame).

Soon, special forces units and units were reorganized, as a result of which, by the end of 1964, the composition of the USSR Armed Forces remained:

Six separate special purpose companies;

Two separate special-purpose battalions (26th and 27th) in the western direction;

Ten separate framed special forces brigades.

In August 1965, Chief of the General Staff for generals and officers military intelligence and special-purpose units engaged in combat training of personnel in the tactics of partisan actions, the "Manual on the organization and tactics of partisans" was approved.

At that time, special forces brigades were perceived by everyone - as a reserve for deployment behind enemy lines guerrilla war. The special forces were even called that: "partisans." The experience of creating such formations, it seems, came from the training of the partisan special reserve in the late 20s - early 30s, as you know, all its members were repressed in the late 30s. A similar attitude towards trained saboteurs has been preserved in modern times: the authorities are still afraid of having qualified specialists in sabotage war, reasonably fearing for their own well-being. The whole country saw on television very vague trials of Colonels P. Ya. Popovskikh and V. V. Kvachkov, a group of Captain E. Ulman. Nevertheless, the creation of "partisan" units was in full swing.

In 1966, the 165th Special Purpose Training Center was formed in the Odessa Military District to train specialists from foreign reconnaissance and sabotage units (and, in fact, militants of people's liberation movements). The center was based in the Simferopol region and existed at least until 1990. During this time, many highly qualified terrorist fighters were trained in the center for a great many revolutions. Graduates of this educational unit in different parts of the globe overthrew governments, killed and kidnapped opponents of communism, harmed world imperialism and otherwise implemented the special knowledge gained in Simferopol. Not all trained saboteurs were immediately sent to the combat areas - some graduates were legalized in the prosperous countries of Europe, America and Asia. They lived and worked for the benefit of their countries, but on a signal known to them, these militants gathered in the right place, received weapons and carried out special tasks. In case of start big war these conspiratorial groups were to become a support for the GRU special forces sent behind enemy lines. Apparently, this system is still relevant today.

In 1966, in Furstenberg (Werder garrison, Neu-Timmen settlement) on the basis of the 5th Guards Separate Reconnaissance Motorcycle Battalion (formerly the 5th Guards Warsaw-Berlin Reconnaissance Motorcycle Regiment during the war, which was formed in 1944) By directive of the Commander-in-Chief of the GSVG, on the basis of the 26th Special Forces, with the involvement of the forces of the 27th Special Forces, the 48th and 166th Orbs, a special-purpose unit of a new type was formed - the 3rd Special Forces, which inherited from the 5th motorcycle battalion got the guards rank . Colonel R.P. Mosolov was appointed commander of the new brigade. The brigade received the code name of military unit 83149. The main difference between the new brigade and the existing ones was that the brigade, even during formation, was deployed to a full, special staff, as well as the fact that the brigade included separate units - separate detachments special purpose.

This brigade at that time was the most complete (up to 1300 personnel) and was in constant combat readiness to perform tasks as intended. The detachments of the brigade were formed in a slightly different state than the detachments of the brigades that were stationed in the USSR. These detachments had a staff of 212 people, while the "allied" brigades had detachments with a staff of only 164 people.

The full name of the formation: 3rd Separate Guards Red Banner Warsaw-Berlin Order of Suvorov, 3rd Class Special Purpose Brigade.

As part of the brigade, special forces were formed: 501st, 503rd, 509th, 510th, 512th.

Parts of a special purpose, being equipped with physically strong and hardy soldiers and officers, were often involved in performing special tasks not only of a “sabotage” nature. So, in 1966, units of the 15th special forces brigade took part in the aftermath of the earthquake in Tashkent - the soldiers dismantled the rubble, pulled out the survivors from the ruins. In 1970 - the elimination of the consequences of the cholera epidemic in Astrakhan region, and in 1971 - the elimination of the consequences of the smallpox epidemic in Aralsk - scouts, together with the police, participated in the isolation of persons who had contact with the infected.

In 1972, the 16th Special Forces Division carried out a government task to eliminate forest fires on the territory of the Moscow, Ryazan, Vladimir and Gorky regions. For the fulfillment of this task, the brigade was awarded the Certificate of Honor of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR.

Based on the results of combat and political training in 1967, the 14th brigade became one of the advanced formations of the troops and units of the Far Eastern Military District and was entered in the Book of Honor of the KDVO troops. All the personnel of the unit were thanked by the commander of the KFVO.

In 1968, a serviceman of the 1st Battalion of the 14th Special Forces Sergeant Vasilevsky made the first run in the history of Primorye along the Ussuriysk-Vladivostok highway. 104 km were covered in 8 hours 21 minutes. Sergeant Vasilevsky dedicated his run to the 50th anniversary of the Komsomol.

The 14th brigade took an active part in combat training. In the period from June 22 to June 27, 1970, the personnel of the brigade took part in district reconnaissance exercises conducted by the chief of staff of the district. The actions of the personnel during the exercises were checked by the GRU General Staff commission headed by Lieutenant General Tkachenko and Colonel Galitsin. During the exercises, the personnel parachuted and landed in Primorye, the Amur Region and Sakhalin Island and completed all the tasks with a “good” rating. In the period from August 21 to 28, 1971, the personnel took part in district reconnaissance exercises, during which 20 RGSpN were parachuted into Primorye, the Amur Region and Sakhalin Island, followed by reconnaissance missions. All tasks were successfully completed.

In 1968, under the leadership of the senior officer of the Main Intelligence Directorate of the General Staff, Colonel Shchelokov, the 9th company of special forces cadets was created in the Lenin Komsomol RVVDKU as part of three platoons, and in 1979 the company was deployed into a special forces battalion (13th and 14th companies) .

Also, the Kiev Combined Arms Command School was engaged in training personnel for special forces, which produced officers with the specialty "referent-translator".

In 1978 at the Military Academy. M. V. Frunze was created at the intelligence faculty of the 4th study group special forces officers. In 1981, the first release of the "special forces" group took place.

In 1969, on the basis of the 16th detachment of Special Forces of the Moscow Military District in the village of Chuchkovo Ryazan region The Main Intelligence Directorate of the General Staff conducted an operational-strategic experimental exercise, the purpose of which was to work out the issues of the combat use of special forces. To ensure the transfer of personnel and cargo to the rear of the enemy, military transport aviation was involved. Takeoff and landing airfield - Diaghilev. To designate nuclear and other weapons of mass destruction, their protection and defense, as well as to counter the landing, collect and store their parachutes, personnel of six (2nd, 4th, 5th, 8th, 9th and 10th) special purpose brigades.

In 1970, a special purpose training company was deployed in Pechory, which was later reorganized into a training battalion, and then into the 1071st Special Purpose Training Regiment (military unit 51064), which trained junior commanders and specialists for special purpose units. At the 1071st UpSpN, a school of ensigns functioned for special forces.

From the mid-1970s, the General Staff found an opportunity to deploy brigades, increasing the number of personnel in them. As a result of this decision, it was possible to complete the detachments of brigades by 60-80%. From this period, special-purpose brigades became combat-ready and were no longer considered only as a partisan reserve.

On June 12, 1975, the head of the General Staff of the USSR Armed Forces approved the "Instruction for the combat use of formations, units and subunits (brigade, detachment, battalion) for special purposes."

In 1972, as part of the Group of Soviet Forces in Mongolia, two brigades were formed, the numbering of which is in the same row as the numbers of special forces brigades, but these brigades were called "separate reconnaissance brigades." In the US Army, in terms of the volume of tasks to be solved, there was an analogue to similar separate reconnaissance brigades - armored cavalry regiments. The new brigades included three separate reconnaissance battalions each, armed with infantry fighting vehicles and armored personnel carriers, and combat support units, which was due to the nature of the terrain in the responsibility zone of the GSM. Nevertheless, each of these brigades had "jumping" reconnaissance and airborne companies, and each brigade had its own separate helicopter squadron. Most likely, when creating these brigades, the General Staff tried to find the optimal organization of special forces units that were to operate in the mountainous desert area. As a result, the 20th and 25th separate reconnaissance brigades were formed. Similar formations in Soviet army was nowhere else. In the mid-80s, these brigades were reorganized into separate mechanized brigades and became part of the newly formed 48th Guards Army Corps, and with the collapse of the USSR, after the withdrawal of troops from Mongolia, they were disbanded.

In the late 1970s, the General Staff found an opportunity to transfer special forces brigades from cadre to deployed staff, as well as find reserves to form two more brigades.

The 22nd Special Purpose Brigade was formed on July 24, 1976 in the Central Asian Military District in the city of Kapchagai on the basis of one of the detachments of the 15th Brigade, a company of the Special Radio Communications Detachment of the 15th Brigade, the 525th and 808th separate special purpose companies Central Asian and Volga military districts. Until 1985, the brigade was in Kapchagai, later changed its location several times and is currently located in the area of ​​​​the city of Aksai, Rostov Region (military unit 11659).

The 24th Special Purpose Brigade was formed in the Trans-Baikal Military District on November 1, 1977 on the basis of the 18th Special Forces and was initially deployed in the area of ​​the settlement the village of Kharabyrka, Chita region (23rd site), then in 1987 it was transferred to the village. Kyakhta, and in 2001 was transferred to Ulan-Ude (military unit 55433). When the brigade was transferred to Kyakhta, the 282nd ooSpN was transferred to the 14th detachment of the Far Eastern Military District and relocated to the city of Khabarovsk.

Later, in 1984, in the Siberian Military District, on the basis of the 791st OrdnSpN, the 67th Special Forces Brigade was formed, which was deployed in the city of Berdsk, Novosibirsk Region (military unit 64655).

In 1985, during afghan war, in Chirchik, in place of the 15th brigade that had gone to Afghanistan, the 467th special-purpose training regiment (military unit 71201) was formed, which trained personnel for special-purpose units operating in Afghanistan. The regiment consisted of training battalions and support units. The training regiment had great privileges in the selection of personnel. If during the selection of conscripts for this regiment, the officer encountered any difficulties at the recruiting station, the issues that arose were resolved with one telephone call to the GRU.

According to the state, special forces that are part of the brigades stationed on the territory of the USSR included:

Three special-purpose companies (42 people each);

In total, the detachment consisted of 164 people.

The special forces units that are part of the 3rd Guards ObrSpN had the following staff:

Detachment management (6 people);

Three special-purpose companies (58 people each);

Company of special radio communications (32 people).

In total, these detachments had 212 personnel each.

A separate army special-purpose company had at different times in the state from 115 to 127 people.

Presumably, in 1968, units of the 3rd, 8th and 9th special forces brigades took part in the hostilities in Czechoslovakia. I have not been able to study this question yet - everything remains only at the level of rumors.