Ostrov Russian part of the Marine Corps. Marine special forces tof "holuai"
The flag of Kholuy Pacific Fleet Special Forces is a unique novelty in the collection of flags of the Voentorg online store "Voenpro", representing 42 OMRPSpN.
Characteristics
- 42 OMRpSN
- Navy Special Forces
- 42 OMRpSN
History of 42 separate maritime reconnaissance posts special purpose began March 18, 1955. At first, he, like other parts of the special forces of the fleet, previously formed at the KBF and the Black Sea Fleet, was called the "Marine reconnaissance point." In the 1970s, naval reconnaissance points were named RPSpN, retaining the point numbers. The 42nd MRP was originally commanded by Petr Prokopevich Kovalenko.
Many believe that the history of the point dates back to 140 OMRO Pacific Fleet, which at the end of the Second World War was commanded by V. Leonov - twice a Hero Soviet Union. After the creation of 42 OMRPSpN, he repeatedly visited military unit 59190. However, as many as 10 years passed between the time of the existence of the 140th OMRO Pacific Fleet and the formation of the 42nd MRP.
Maly Uliss Bay near Vladivostok was assigned as the location of the unit at the time of its founding, but there were no premises there. During 1955, the post changed its location more than once, choosing a convenient location. Only at the beginning of December 1955, the personnel were relocated on Russky Island to Kholuai Bay - the place of permanent deployment of military unit 59190.
Subsequently, the state changed several times. By the end of the 1990s, there were about 300 members. Kholuai special forces of the Pacific Fleet consisted of 3 detachments and several ships. Each squad naval special forces Kholuy had his own specialization and 4 groups each, commanded by a midshipman. Later, the state was transferred to the company structure. The structure included ships: MTL - marine topred and 5 boats, and for landing in the surface version, the Kholuai naval special forces used inflatable boats SML-8.
combat service takes place on ships of the Pacific Fleet. Staying with all the necessary equipment and weapons on board the ship meant that the Kholuy naval special forces were ready to land in the area of special events or in the area of \u200b\u200breconnaissance at any time. Groups carry out military service and on submarines. Such business trips last about 2 months. The combat service of the naval special forces Kholuy on surface ships lasts up to six months.
In 1982, a group of naval special forces carried out special tasks for the tactical exercises "Team Spirit-82". Until 1995, it was fundamentally not used in a combat situation, the fighters were not even in Afghanistan. But the scouts fought in the first Chechen campaign. A group of 10 people acted successfully, but 3 of them died. All members of the group were awarded awards of the Russian Federation. Ensign Andrey Vladimirovich Dneprovsky, a Khalulayevite who died from a bullet from Dudayev's sniper, was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of Russia. The second group of Khalulayevites, prepared for action as part of a regiment marines, has not been used.
Throughout its history, military unit 59190 has been considered an elite one. A potential enemy practically does not have the opportunity to penetrate the territory of military unit 59190. Khalulayevtsy - this is how the combat swimmers of the Navy are popularly called, they undergo special parachute and diving training. There are legends about them, they say that the Kholuai naval special forces can capture an aircraft carrier without a single noise, and also that the Khalulai man is able to cut his throat with a piece of paper. Kholuy is not just special forces, he is a detachment of underwater saboteurs who have high intelligence.
Secret part "holuy" Pacific Fleet, she is also 42 MCI SpN (military unit 59190), was created in 1955 in the Maly Uliss Bay near Vladivostok, later relocated to Russky Island, where scouts-saboteurs are still undergoing combat training. There are many legends about these guys, their physical training is admired, they are called the best of the best, the cream of special forces.
Foreword
“Suddenly for the enemy, we landed at a Japanese airfield and entered into negotiations. After that, we, ten people, were taken by the Japanese to the headquarters of the colonel, the commander of the aviation unit, who wanted to make hostages out of us. I joined the conversation when I felt that with us, the representative of the Soviet command, captain 3rd rank Kulebyakin, as they say, “pushed him to the wall.” Looking into the eyes of the Japanese, I said that we had fought the entire war in the west and had enough experience to assess the situation, that we would not be hostages "But we'd rather die, but we'll die together with everyone at the headquarters. The difference is, I added, that you will die like rats, and we will try to escape from here. Hero of the Soviet Union Mitya Sokolov immediately stood behind the Japanese colonel. Hero of the Soviet Union Andrei Pshenichnykh locked the door with a key, put the key in his pocket and sat down on a chair, and Volodya Olyashev (honored master of sports after the war) lifted Andrei together with the chair and put him right in front of d Japanese commander. Ivan Guzenkov went up to the window and reported that we were not high, and Hero of the Soviet Union Semyon Agafonov, standing at the door, began tossing an anti-tank grenade in his hand.
The Japanese, however, did not know that there was no fuse in it. The colonel, forgetting about the handkerchief, began to wipe the sweat from his forehead with his hand and after a while signed the act of surrender of the entire garrison.- this is how the naval intelligence officer Viktor Leonov, twice Hero of the Soviet Union, described just one military operation in which a handful of daring and brave naval intelligence officers of the Pacific Fleet literally without a fight forced a large Japanese garrison to lay down their arms. Shamefully capitulated three and a half thousand Japanese samurai.
It was the apotheosis of the combat power of the 140th Naval Reconnaissance Detachment, the harbinger of the modern naval special forces, which everyone knows today under the incomprehensible and mysterious name "Holuai".
origins
And it all started during the Great Patriotic War. Then the 181st reconnaissance detachment successfully operated in the Northern Fleet, performing various special operations in the rear of enemy troops. The crowning achievement of this detachment was the capture of two coastal batteries at Cape Krestovoy (which blocked the entrance to the bay and could easily defeat the landing convoy) in preparation for the landing in the port of Liinakhamari (Murmansk region).
This, in turn, ensured the success of the Petsamo-Kirkenes landing operation, which became the key to success in the liberation of the entire Soviet Arctic. It is even hard to imagine that a detachment of several dozen people, having captured only a few guns of German coastal batteries, actually ensured victory in the entire strategic operation, but, nevertheless, this is so - for this reason, the reconnaissance detachment was created in order to sting the enemy with small forces in most vulnerable spot…
The commander of the 181st reconnaissance detachment, Senior Lieutenant Viktor Leonov, and two of his subordinates (Semyon Agafonov and Andrei Pshenichnykh) became Heroes of the Soviet Union in this short but important battle.
In April 1945, part of the personnel of the 181st detachment, led by the commander, was transferred to the Pacific Fleet to form the 140th reconnaissance detachment of the Pacific Fleet, which was supposed to be used in the upcoming war with Japan. By May, the detachment was formed on Russky Island in the amount of 139 people and began combat training. In August 1945, the 140th reconnaissance detachment participated in the capture of the ports of Yuki and Rashin, as well as the naval bases of Seishin and Genzan. As a result of these operations, chief foreman Makar Babikov and midshipman Alexander Nikandrov of the 140th reconnaissance detachment of the Pacific Fleet became Heroes of the Soviet Union, and their commander Viktor Leonov received a second Hero star.
Nevertheless, at the end of the war, all such reconnaissance formations in the Soviet Navy were disbanded as they were supposedly unnecessary.
But soon the story turned around...
From the history of the creation of special purpose units: In 1950, in the Armed Forces of the Soviet Union in each army and military district were formed separate companies special purpose. In Primorsky Krai, in particular, three such companies were formed: the 91st (military unit No. 51423) as part of the 5th combined arms army stationed in Ussuriysk, the 92nd (military unit No. 51447) as part of the 25th combined arms army stationed at the Fighter Kuznetsov station and the 88th (military unit No. 51422) as part of the 37th Guards Airborne Corps stationed in Chernigovka. The special-purpose companies were tasked with searching for and destroying the most important military and civilian targets, including enemy nuclear weapons, deep behind enemy lines. The personnel of these companies were trained in military reconnaissance, mine-explosive business, and made parachute jumps. For service in such units, people were selected who, for health reasons, were fit for service in the airborne troops.
The experience of the Great Patriotic War showed the indispensability of such units for decisive action on enemy communications, and in connection with the unleashing of the Cold War by the Americans, the need for such units became very clear. The new units showed their high efficiency already at the first exercises, and the Navy became interested in units of this kind.
Rear Admiral Leonid Konstantinovich Bekrenev, head of intelligence of the Navy, wrote in his address to the Minister of the Navy: "... given the role of reconnaissance and sabotage units in common system reconnaissance fleets, I consider it necessary to carry out the following measures: ... create ... reconnaissance and sabotage units of military intelligence, giving them the name of separate naval reconnaissance divisions ..."
At the same time, Captain First Rank Boris Maksimovich Margolin theoretically substantiated such a decision, arguing that "... the difficulties and duration of the training of scouts - light divers makes it necessary to prepare them in advance and systematic training, for which special units must be created ...".
And so, by the Directive of the Main Naval Staff of June 24, 1953, such special intelligence formations are being formed in all fleets. In total, five "reconnaissance points for special purposes" were formed - in all fleets and the Caspian flotilla.
In the Pacific Fleet reconnaissance post created on the basis of the directive of the General Staff of the Navy No. OMU / 1 / 53060ss of March 18, 1955. However, June 5, 1955 is considered the "Day of the unit" - the day when the unit completed its formation and became part of the fleet as a combat unit.
Holuay bay
The word "Kholuai" itself (as well as its variations "Khaluai" and "Khalulai"), according to one version, means " bad place", and although disputes on this subject are still ongoing and sinologists do not confirm such a translation, the version is considered quite plausible - especially among those who served in this bay.
In the thirties, on Russky Island (at that time, by the way, its second name, Kazakevich Island, which disappeared from geographical maps only in the forties of the twentieth century, was also widely practiced) the construction of antiamphibious defense facilities of Vladivostok was going on. Defense facilities included coastal long-term firing points - bunkers.
Some specially fortified pillboxes even had their own names, for example, "Stream", "Rock", "Wave", "Bonfire" and others. All this defensive splendor was served by separate machine-gun battalions, each of which occupied its own sector of defense.
In particular, the 69th separate machine-gun battalion of the Vladivostok Coastal Defense Sector of the Pacific Fleet, located in the area of Krasny Cape in Kholuai (New Dzhigit) Bay, served firing points located on Russky Island. For this battalion in 1935, a two-story barracks and headquarters, a canteen, a boiler room, warehouses and a stadium were built. Here the battalion was stationed until the forties, after which it was disbanded. barracks long time were not used and began to collapse.
And in March 1955, a new military unit with very specific tasks, the secrecy of whose existence was brought to the highest limit.
The first deputy head of the GRU, Colonel General I. Ya. Sidorov, receives a report from the commander of the special forces group.
In open use among the “initiates”, the unit was called the “Irtek Recreation Center” of the Main Naval Base “Vladivostok”. The unit also received the code name of military unit No. 59190 and the open name “42nd Naval Intelligence Special Purpose Point”. the people used to have a "folk" name for the unit - "Kholuai" - after the name of the bay.
So what was that part? Why is there a lot of various legends around it, both then and today, sometimes bordering on fantasy?
Birth of a legend
The formation of the 42nd Marine Special Purpose Reconnaissance Point of the Pacific Fleet began in March and ended in June 1955. During the formation of the duties of the commander, captain of the second rank Nikolai Braginsky temporarily performed, but the first approved commander of the new unit was ... no, not a scout, but the former commander of the destroyer, captain of the second rank Pyotr Kovalenko.
For several months, the unit was based on Ulysses, and the personnel lived on board the old ship, and before leaving for the permanent deployment point on Russky Island, reconnaissance sailors at the submarine training base underwent an accelerated diving training course.
Arriving at the location of the unit in Holuay Bay, the reconnaissance sailors first of all took up ... construction works, because they had to equip their housing somehow, and no one was going to help them in this matter.
On July 1, 1955, a single combat began in the unit. combat training future reconnaissance divers under the training program for special forces. A little later, the combat coordination of groups began.
In September 1955, the newly formed naval special forces took part in their first exercises - having landed on boats in the Shkotovsky region, naval reconnaissance reconnaissance of the Abrek naval base and elements of its anti-sabotage defense, as well as highways in the rear of the conditional "enemy".
Already at that time, the command of the unit came to the understanding that the selection for naval special forces should be as tough as possible, if not cruel.
Candidates for service who were called up from military registration and enlistment offices or transferred from training parts fleet, were waiting for severe trials - during the week they were subjected to extreme loads, which were reinforced by severe psychological pressure. Far from everyone survived, and those who could not stand it were immediately transferred to other parts of the fleet.
But those who survived were immediately enlisted in the elite unit and began combat training. This test week became known as "hellish". Later, when the United States created its SEAL units, they adopted our practice of selecting future fighters as the most optimal, allowing short time to understand what this or that candidate is capable of, whether he is ready to serve in parts of the naval special forces.
The meaning of this "personnel" rigidity boiled down to the fact that commanders initially had to clearly understand the abilities and capabilities of their fighters - after all, special forces operate in isolation from their troops, and a small group can only rely on themselves, and, accordingly, the importance of any team member rises many times. The commander must initially be confident in his subordinates, and subordinates in their commander. And that's the only reason "entry to the service" in this part is so strict. It shouldn't be otherwise.
Looking ahead, I’ll say that nothing has been lost today: the candidate, as before, has to go through serious trials, inaccessible for the most part even to physically well-trained people.
In particular, the candidate must first of all run ten kilometers in heavy body armor, meeting the running standard provided for running in sneakers and sportswear. If you don't fit in, no one will talk to you anymore. If you ran on time, then you immediately need to perform 70 push-ups from the lying position and 15 pull-ups on the horizontal bar. Moreover, it is desirable to perform these exercises in " pure form". Most of people, already at the stage of jogging in a bulletproof vest, choking from physical overload, begins to wonder, "Do I need this happiness, if it happens every day?" This is where true motivation comes in.
If a person seeks to serve in the naval special forces, if he knows for sure what he wants, he passes this test, but if he has doubts, then it is better not to continue these torments.
At the end of the test, the candidate is placed in the ring, where three hand-to-hand combat instructors fight with him, checking the person for readiness for the fight - both physical and moral. Usually, if a candidate has reached the ring, this is already an "ideological" candidate, and the ring does not break him. Well, and then the commander, or the person replacing him, is already talking to the candidate. After that, the harsh service begins ...
There are no discounts for officers either - everyone passes the tests. The main supplier of command personnel for Kholuai are three military schools - the Pacific Naval (TOVVMU), the Far Eastern Combined Arms (DVOKU) and the Ryazan Airborne (RVVDKU), although if a person wants, then nothing prevents an officer from other schools to enter the service in the naval special forces - there would be a desire.
As told to me former officer special forces, having shown a desire to serve in this unit in front of the head of intelligence of the fleet, he immediately had to do push-ups from the floor 100 times right in the admiral's office - Rear Admiral Yuri Maksimenko (head of intelligence of the Pacific Fleet in 1982-1991), despite the fact that the officer passed Afghanistan, and was awarded two military orders. This is how the chief of intelligence of the Pacific Fleet decided to cut off the candidate if he did not complete such an elementary exercise. The officer completed the exercise.
AT different time part commanded:
Captain 1st rank Kovalenko Petr Prokopevich (1955–1959);
Captain 1st rank Guryanov Viktor Nikolaevich (1959–1961);
Captain 1st rank Petr Ivanovich Konnov (1961–1966);
Captain 1st rank Klimenko Vasily Nikiforovich (1966–1972);
Captain 1st rank Minkin Yuri Alekseevich (1972–1976);
Captain 1st rank Zharkov Anatoly Vasilyevich (1976–1981);
Captain 1st rank Yakovlev Yuri Mikhailovich (1981–1983);
Lieutenant Colonel Evsyukov Viktor Ivanovich (1983–1988);
Captain 1st rank Omsharuk Vladimir Vladimirovich (1988-1995) - died in February 2016;
Lieutenant Colonel Gritsay Vladimir Georgievich (1995–1997);
Captain 1st rank Sergey Veniaminovich Kurochkin (1997–2000);
Colonel Gubarev Oleg Mikhailovich (2000-2010);
Lieutenant Colonel Belyavsky Zaur Valerievich (2010-2013).
Teachings and service
In 1956, naval scouts began to master parachute jumps. Usually, the training camp took place at the airfields of naval aviation - by subordination. During the first training camp, all personnel performed two jumps from a height of 900 meters from Li-2 and An-2 aircraft, and also learned how to land "assault" from Mi-4 helicopters - both on land and on water.
A year later, naval reconnaissance officers have already mastered the landing of submarines lying on the ground through torpedo tubes, as well as returning to them after completing the task at coastal facilities of a mock enemy. Based on the results of combat training in 1958, the 42nd naval reconnaissance point became the best special unit of the Pacific Fleet and was awarded the passing pennant of the Commander of the Pacific Fleet.
In many exercises, scouts developed the necessary skills, acquired special knowledge and expressed their wishes regarding the composition of the equipment. In particular, back in the late fifties, naval intelligence officers formulated requirements for weapons - it should be light and silent (as a result, samples special weapons- small-sized silent pistols MSP, silent grenade launchers "Tishina", underwater pistols SPP-1 and submersibles APS, as well as many other special weapons). Also, the scouts wanted to have waterproof outerwear and shoes, and the eyes had to be protected from mechanical damage with special goggles (for example, today four types of goggles are included in the equipment kit).
In 1960, the staff of the unit was increased to 146 people.
By this time, they had already decided on the specialization, which was conditionally divided into three areas:
- part of the personnel was represented by reconnaissance divers, who were supposed to be engaged in reconnaissance of enemy naval bases from the sea, as well as to mine ships and port facilities;
- some of the sailors were engaged in conducting military intelligence - in other words, having landed from the sea, they acted on the shore as ordinary land intelligence officers;
- the third direction was represented by radio and electronic intelligence specialists - these people were engaged in conducting instrumental reconnaissance, which made it possible to quickly detect the most important objects behind enemy lines, such as field radio stations, radar stations, technical observation posts - in general, everything that emitted any signals on the air and was subject to destruction in the first place.
The naval special forces began to receive special underwater carriers - in other words, small underwater vehicles, which could deliver saboteurs over long distances. Such a carrier was the two-seat Triton, later also the two-seat Triton-1M, and even later the six-seat Triton-2 appeared. These devices allowed saboteurs to quietly penetrate directly into enemy bases, mine ships and moorings, and perform other reconnaissance tasks.
These were very secret devices, and the story was all the more “horrible” when a naval special forces officer secretly escorting containers with these devices (in civilian clothes under the guise of a regular cargo forwarder) suddenly heard with a tremor in his knees how a slinger was in charge of reloading a container from a railway platform on the truck, loudly shouted to the crane operator: “Petrovich, lift it carefully, there are NEWTs” ... and only when the officer pulled himself together, calmed down and calmed down a little, he realized that no top-secret information had been leaked, and the unlucky slinger just had meaning THREE TONS of the weight of the container (that's how much the "Triton-1M" weighed), and not the most secret "Tritons" that were inside ...
For reference:
"Triton" - the first carrier of divers open type. Diving depth - up to 12 meters. Travel speed - 4 knots (7.5 km / h). Range - 30 miles (55 km).
"Triton-1M" is the first carrier of closed type divers. Weight - 3 tons. Diving depth - 32 meters. Travel speed - 4 knots. Range - 60 miles (110 km).
"Triton-2" is the first group carrier of closed type divers. Weight - 15 tons. Diving depth - 40 meters. Travel speed - 5 knots. Range - 60 miles.
Currently, these models of equipment are already outdated and withdrawn from combat strength. All three samples were installed as monuments on the territory of the unit, and the decommissioned apparatus "Triton-2" is also presented at the street exposition of the Museum of Military Glory of the Pacific Fleet in Vladivostok.
Currently, such underwater carriers are not used for a number of reasons, the main of which is the impossibility of their covert use. Today, the naval special forces are armed with more modern submarine carriers "Siren" and "Proteus" of various modifications. Both of these carriers allow covert landing of the reconnaissance group through the submarine's torpedo tube. "Siren" "carries" two saboteurs, and "Proteus" is an individual carrier.
Insolence and sport
Some of the legends about "Kholuy" are connected with the steady desire of the servicemen of this unit to improve their reconnaissance and sabotage skills at the expense of their own comrades-in-arms. At all times, "holuai" brought a lot of problems to people daily outfit serving on ships and in coastal units of the Pacific Fleet.
Often there were cases of "training" abductions of orderly, duty documentation, theft of vehicles from careless military drivers. It cannot be said that the command of the unit specifically set such tasks for the scouts ... but for the successful actions of this kind, reconnaissance sailors could even receive a short vacation.
There are many fairy tales about how special forces "with one knife they throw it away in the middle of Siberia, and he must survive and return to the unit".
No, of course, no one is thrown out with one knife, but during special tactical exercises, groups of intelligence officers can be thrown into other regions of the country, where they are given various training reconnaissance and sabotage tasks, after which they need to return to the unit - preferably unnoticed . At this time, the police are intensively looking for them, internal troops and state security agencies, and citizens are announced that they are looking for conditional terrorists.
In the unit itself, sports have been cultivated at all times - and therefore it is not surprising that at present, practically at all naval competitions in power sports, martial arts, swimming and shooting, prizes are usually occupied by representatives of the "Kholuy". It should be noted that preference in sports is given not to strength, but to endurance - it is this physical skill that allows the marine scout to feel confident both on foot or ski crossings, and in long-distance swimming.
Unpretentiousness and the ability to live without frills even gave rise to a peculiar saying on "Kholuay": "There is no need for something, but you can limit yourself in something."
It contains a deep meaning, which largely reflects the essence of the Russian Navy's naval intelligence officer - who, being content with little, is capable of accomplishing a lot.
Healthy spetsnaz chauvinism also gave rise to a special audacity of scouts, which became the pride of the fighters of the naval special forces. This quality was especially clearly manifested during the exercises, which were and are being carried out almost constantly.
One of the admirals of the Pacific Fleet once said: "The guys of the naval special forces were brought up in the spirit of love for the Motherland, hatred for enemies and the realization that they are the elite of the fleet. Not to feel their own superiority over others, but in the sense that they spend huge folk remedies, and their duty, in which case, to justify these costs ... ".
I remember, in my deep childhood, in the mid-eighties, on the embankment near the C-56, I saw a lonely wandering sailor, who had a parachutist badge on his chest. At that time, a ferry was loading on the pier, next to Russky Island (there were no bridges then). The sailor was stopped by a patrol, and he presented his documents, gesticulating frantically, pointing with his hand at the ferry, which was already raising the ramp. But the patrol, apparently, decided to detain the sailor for some fault.
And then I saw a whole performance: the sailor sharply pulled the cap of the senior patrol over his very eyes, snatched his documents from his hands, slapped one of the patrolmen in the face, and rushed headlong to the departing ferry!
And the ferry, I must say, had already moved away from the pier by one and a half to two meters, and the sailor-parachutist overcame this distance in a graceful jump, grabbed the rails of the ferry, and there the passengers already pulled him on board. For some reason, I have no doubts in which part that sailor served ...
Return of the legend
In 1965, twenty years after the end of World War II, Captain First Rank Viktor Leonov, twice Hero of the Soviet Union, came to the unit. Several photographs have been preserved, in which the "legend of the naval special forces" is captured with the military personnel of the unit, both with officers and sailors. Subsequently, Viktor Leonov will visit the 42nd reconnaissance point several more times, which he himself considered a worthy brainchild of his 140th reconnaissance detachment ...
Combat use
In 1982, the moment came when the Motherland demanded the professional skills of naval commandos. From February 24 to April 27, a full-time special forces group performed the tasks of combat service for the first time, being on one of the ships of the Pacific Fleet.
In 1988 - 1989, for 130 days, a reconnaissance group equipped with Siren submarines and all the necessary combat equipment was in combat service. A small reconnaissance ship from the 38th brigade of reconnaissance ships of the Pacific Fleet delivered the Kholuayevites to the place of the combat mission. It is too early to say what these tasks were, because they are still hidden by a veil of secrecy. One thing is clear - some enemy has become very ill these days ...
In 1995, a group of servicemen of the 42nd Naval Reconnaissance Special Purpose Point took part in a combat operation to restore the constitutional regime in the Chechen Republic.
The group was attached to the 165th Marine Regiment of the Pacific Fleet operating there and, according to the opinion of the senior head of the Pacific Fleet Marine Corps group in Chechnya, Colonel Sergei Kondratenko, acted brilliantly. Scouts in any critical situation kept their cool and courage. Five "holuaevites" laid down their lives in this war. In 1996, a monument to servicemen of the unit who died in the line of duty was erected on the territory of the unit.
Why the US Navy SEALs adopted "hell week" from this unit as the best practice for selecting future fighters
The secret unit "Kholuy" of the Pacific Fleet, also known as 42 MCI Special Forces (military unit 59190), was created in 1955 in Maly Uliss Bay near Vladivostok, later relocated to Russky Island, where scouts-saboteurs are still undergoing combat training. There are many legends about these guys, their physical training is admired, they are called the best of the best, the cream of special forces. Each of them could become the main character of an action movie. Today RIA PrimaMedia publishes material military historian and journalist Alexei Sukonkin about the legendary part of "holuai". In 1993-94 he served in the special forces unit. ground forces, but from time to time some of them were also in the naval special forces.
Foreword
“Suddenly for the enemy, we landed at a Japanese airfield and entered into negotiations. After that, we, ten people, were taken by the Japanese to the headquarters of the colonel, the commander of the aviation unit, who wanted to make hostages out of us. I joined the conversation when I felt that with us, the representative of the Soviet command, captain 3rd rank Kulebyakin, as they say, “pushed him to the wall.” Looking into the eyes of the Japanese, I said that we had fought the entire war in the west and had enough experience to assess the situation, that we would not be hostages "But we'd rather die, but we'll die together with everyone at the headquarters. The difference is, I added, that you will die like rats, and we will try to escape from here. Hero of the Soviet Union Mitya Sokolov immediately stood behind the Japanese colonel. Hero of the Soviet Union Andrei Pshenichnykh locked the door with a key, put the key in his pocket and sat down on a chair, and Volodya Olyashev (honored master of sports after the war) lifted Andrei together with the chair and put him right in front of d Japanese commander. Ivan Guzenkov went up to the window and reported that we were not high, and Hero of the Soviet Union Semyon Agafonov, standing at the door, began tossing an anti-tank grenade in his hand. The Japanese, however, did not know that there was no fuse in it. The colonel, forgetting about the handkerchief, began to wipe the sweat from his forehead with his hand and after a while signed the act of surrender of the entire garrison.
This is how naval intelligence officer Viktor Leonov, twice Hero of the Soviet Union, described just one military operation in which a handful of daring and brave naval intelligence officers of the Pacific Fleet forced a large Japanese garrison to lay down their arms literally without a fight. Shamefully capitulated three and a half thousand Japanese samurai.
It was the apotheosis of the combat power of the 140th Naval Reconnaissance Detachment, the harbinger of the modern naval special forces, which everyone knows today under the incomprehensible and mysterious name "Holuai".
origins
And it all started during the Great Patriotic War. Then the 181st reconnaissance detachment successfully operated in the Northern Fleet, performing various special operations in the rear of enemy troops. The crowning achievement of this detachment was the capture of two coastal batteries at Cape Krestovoy (which blocked the entrance to the bay and could easily defeat the landing convoy) in preparation for the landing in the port of Liinakhamari (Murmansk region - ed.). This, in turn, ensured the success of the Petsamo-Kirkenes landing operation, which became the key to success in the liberation of the entire Soviet Arctic. It is even hard to imagine that a detachment of several dozen people, having captured only a few guns of German coastal batteries, actually ensured victory in the entire strategic operation, but, nevertheless, this is so - for this reason, the reconnaissance detachment was created in order to sting the enemy with small forces in the weakest spot...
The commander of the 181st reconnaissance detachment, Senior Lieutenant Viktor Leonov, and two of his subordinates (Semyon Agafonov and Andrei Pshenichnykh) became Heroes of the Soviet Union in this short but important battle.
In April 1945, part of the personnel of the 181st detachment, led by the commander, was transferred to the Pacific Fleet to form the 140th reconnaissance detachment of the Pacific Fleet, which was supposed to be used in the upcoming war with Japan. By May, the detachment was formed on Russky Island in the amount of 139 people and began combat training. In August 1945, the 140th reconnaissance detachment participated in the capture of the ports of Yuki and Rashin, as well as the naval bases of Seishin and Genzan. As a result of these operations, chief foreman Makar Babikov and midshipman Alexander Nikandrov of the 140th reconnaissance detachment of the Pacific Fleet became Heroes of the Soviet Union, and their commander Viktor Leonov received a second Hero star.
Nevertheless, at the end of the war, all such reconnaissance formations in the Soviet Navy were disbanded as they were supposedly unnecessary.
But soon the story turned around...
From the history of the creation of special purpose units: In 1950, separate special-purpose companies were formed in the Armed Forces of the Soviet Union in each army and military district. In Primorsky Krai, in particular, three such companies were formed: the 91st (military unit No. 51423) as part of the 5th combined arms army stationed in Ussuriysk, the 92nd (military unit No. 51447) as part of the 25th combined arms army stationed at the Fighter Kuznetsov station and the 88th (military unit No. 51422) as part of the 37th Guards Airborne Corps stationed in Chernigovka. The special-purpose companies were tasked with searching for and destroying the most important military and civilian targets, including enemy nuclear weapons, deep behind enemy lines. The personnel of these companies were trained in military reconnaissance, mine-explosive business, and made parachute jumps. For service in such units, people were selected who, for health reasons, were fit for service in the airborne troops.
The experience of the Great Patriotic War showed the indispensability of such units for decisive action on enemy communications, and in connection with the unleashing of the Cold War by the Americans, the need for such units became very clear. The new units showed their high efficiency already at the first exercises, and the Navy became interested in units of this kind.
Rear Admiral Leonid Konstantinovich Bekrenev, head of intelligence of the Navy, wrote in his address to the Minister of the Navy:
"... given the role of reconnaissance and sabotage units in the general system of reconnaissance of fleets, I consider it necessary to carry out the following measures: ... to create ... reconnaissance and sabotage units of military intelligence, giving them the name of separate naval reconnaissance divisions ..."
At the same time, Captain First Rank Boris Maksimovich Margolin theoretically substantiated such a decision, arguing that "... the difficulties and duration of the training of scouts - light divers make it necessary to prepare them in advance and systematic training, for which special units should be created ...".
And so, by the Directive of the Main Naval Staff of June 24, 1953, such special intelligence formations are being formed in all fleets. In total, five "reconnaissance points for special purposes" were formed - in all fleets and the Caspian flotilla.
In the Pacific Fleet, its own reconnaissance point is being created on the basis of the directive of the General Staff of the Navy No. OMU / 1 / 53060ss of March 18, 1955.
However, June 5, 1955 is considered the "Day of the unit" - the day when the unit completed its formation and became part of the fleet as a combat unit.
Holuay bay
The word "Kholuai" itself (as well as its variations "Khaluai" and "Khalulai"), according to one version, means "dead place", and although disputes on this subject are still ongoing and sinologists do not confirm such a translation, the version is considered quite plausible - especially among those who served in this bay.
In the thirties, on Russky Island (at that time, by the way, its second name, Kazakevich Island, which disappeared from geographical maps only in the forties of the twentieth century, was also widely practiced) the construction of antiamphibious defense facilities of Vladivostok was going on. Defense facilities included coastal long-term firing points - bunkers. Some specially fortified pillboxes even had their own names, for example, "Stream", "Rock", "Wave", "Bonfire" and others. All this defensive splendor was served by separate machine-gun battalions, each of which occupied its own sector of defense. In particular, the 69th separate machine-gun battalion of the Vladivostok Coastal Defense Sector of the Pacific Fleet, located in the area of Krasny Cape in Kholuai (New Dzhigit) Bay, served firing points located on Russky Island. For this battalion in 1935, a two-story barracks and headquarters, a canteen, a boiler room, warehouses and a stadium were built. Here the battalion was stationed until the forties, after which it was disbanded. The barracks were not used for a long time and began to collapse.
And in March 1955, a new military unit with very specific tasks was settled here, the secrecy of whose existence was brought to the highest limit.
In open use among the “initiates”, the unit was called the “Irtek Recreation Center” of the Main Naval Base “Vladivostok”. The unit also received the code name of military unit No. 59190 and the open name “42nd Naval Intelligence Special Purpose Point”. the people used to have a "folk" name for the unit - "Kholuai" - after the name of the bay.
So what was that part? Why is there a lot of various legends around it, both then and today, sometimes bordering on fantasy?
Birth of a legend
The formation of the 42nd Marine Special Purpose Reconnaissance Point of the Pacific Fleet began in March and ended in June 1955. During the formation of the duties of the commander, captain of the second rank Nikolai Braginsky temporarily performed, but the first approved commander of the new unit was ... no, not a scout, but the former commander of the destroyer, captain of the second rank Pyotr Kovalenko.
For several months, the unit was based on Ulysses, and the personnel lived on board the old ship, and before leaving for the permanent deployment point on Russky Island, reconnaissance sailors at the submarine training base underwent an accelerated diving training course.
Arriving at the location of the unit in Holuay Bay, the reconnaissance sailors first of all took up ... construction work, because they had to somehow equip their housing, and no one was going to help them in this matter.
On July 1, 1955, the unit began single combat training of future reconnaissance divers under the training program for special forces units. A little later, the combat coordination of groups began.
In September 1955, the newly formed naval special forces took part in their first exercises - having landed on boats in the Shkotovsky region, naval reconnaissance reconnaissance of the Abrek naval base and elements of its anti-sabotage defense, as well as highways in the rear of the conditional "enemy".
Already at that time, the command of the unit came to the understanding that the selection for naval special forces should be as tough as possible, if not cruel.
Candidates for service, who were called up from the military registration and enlistment offices or transferred from the training units of the fleet, were waiting for severe trials - during the week they were subjected to prohibitive loads, which were reinforced by severe psychological pressure. Far from everyone survived, and those who could not stand it were immediately transferred to other parts of the fleet.
But those who survived were immediately enlisted in the elite unit and began combat training. This test week became known as "hellish". Later, when the United States created its SEAL units, they adopted our practice of selecting future fighters as the most optimal, allowing us to quickly understand what this or that candidate is capable of, whether he is ready to serve in parts of the naval special forces.
The meaning of this "personnel" rigidity boiled down to the fact that commanders initially had to clearly understand the abilities and capabilities of their fighters - after all, special forces operate in isolation from their troops, and a small group can only rely on themselves, and, accordingly, the importance of any team member rises many times. The commander must initially be confident in his subordinates, and subordinates in their commander. And that's the only reason "entry to the service" in this part is so strict. It shouldn't be otherwise.
Looking ahead, I will say that nothing has been lost today: the candidate, as before, will have to go through serious trials that are inaccessible to most even physically well-trained people.
In particular, the candidate must first of all run ten kilometers in heavy body armor, meeting the running standard provided for running in sneakers and sportswear. If you don't fit in, no one will talk to you anymore. If you ran on time, then you immediately need to perform 70 push-ups from the lying position and 15 pull-ups on the horizontal bar. Moreover, it is desirable to perform these exercises in a "pure form". Most of the people, already at the stage of jogging in a bulletproof vest, suffocating from physical overload, begin to wonder, "do I need this happiness, if it happens every day?" This is where true motivation comes in.
If a person seeks to serve in the naval special forces, if he knows for sure what he wants, he passes this test, but if he has doubts, then it is better not to continue these torments.
At the end of the test, the candidate is placed in the ring, where three hand-to-hand combat instructors fight with him, checking the person for readiness for the fight - both physical and moral. Usually, if a candidate has reached the ring, this is already an "ideological" candidate, and the ring does not break him. Well, and then the commander, or the person replacing him, is already talking to the candidate. After that, the harsh service begins ...
There are no discounts for officers either - everyone passes the tests. The main supplier of command personnel for Kholuai are three military schools - the Pacific Naval (TOVVMU), the Far Eastern Combined Arms (DVOKU) and the Ryazan Airborne (RVVDKU), although if a person wants, then nothing prevents an officer from other schools to enter the service in the naval special forces - there would be a desire.
As a former special forces officer told me, having expressed a desire to serve in this unit in front of the head of intelligence of the fleet, he immediately had to do push-ups from the floor 100 times right in the admiral's office - Rear Admiral Yuri Maksimenko (head of intelligence of the Pacific Fleet in 1982-1991), despite the fact that the officer went through Afghanistan, and was awarded two military orders. This is how the chief of intelligence of the Pacific Fleet decided to cut off the candidate if he did not complete such an elementary exercise. The officer completed the exercise.
At various times, the unit was commanded by:
Captain 1st rank Kovalenko Petr Prokopevich (1955–1959);
Captain 1st rank Guryanov Viktor Nikolaevich (1959–1961);
Captain 1st rank Petr Ivanovich Konnov (1961–1966);
Captain 1st rank Klimenko Vasily Nikiforovich (1966–1972);
Captain 1st rank Minkin Yuri Alekseevich (1972–1976);
Captain 1st rank Zharkov Anatoly Vasilyevich (1976–1981);
Captain 1st rank Yakovlev Yuri Mikhailovich (1981–1983);
Lieutenant Colonel Evsyukov Viktor Ivanovich (1983–1988);
Captain 1st rank Omsharuk Vladimir Vladimirovich (1988-1995) - died in February 2016;
Lieutenant Colonel Gritsay Vladimir Georgievich (1995–1997);
Captain 1st rank Sergey Veniaminovich Kurochkin (1997–2000);
Colonel Gubarev Oleg Mikhailovich (2000-2010);
Lieutenant Colonel Belyavsky Zaur Valerievich (2010-2013);
Let the name of today's commander remain for the time being in the coastal fog of military secrets ...
Teachings and service
In 1956, naval scouts began to master parachute jumps. Usually, the training camp took place at the airfields of naval aviation - by subordination. During the first training camp, all personnel performed two jumps from a height of 900 meters from Li-2 and An-2 aircraft, and also learned how to land "assault" from Mi-4 helicopters - both on land and on water.
A year later, naval reconnaissance officers have already mastered the landing of submarines lying on the ground through torpedo tubes, as well as returning to them after completing the task at coastal facilities of a mock enemy. Based on the results of combat training in 1958, the 42nd naval reconnaissance point became the best special unit of the Pacific Fleet and was awarded the passing pennant of the Commander of the Pacific Fleet.
In many exercises, scouts developed the necessary skills, acquired special knowledge and expressed their wishes regarding the composition of the equipment. In particular, back in the late fifties, naval reconnaissance officers formulated requirements for weapons - they should be light and silent (as a result, samples of special weapons appeared - small-sized silent pistols SMEs, silent grenade launchers "Tishina", underwater pistols SPP-1 and underwater APS submachine guns, as well as many other special weapons). Also, the scouts wanted to have waterproof outerwear and shoes, and the eyes had to be protected from mechanical damage with special goggles (for example, today four types of goggles are included in the equipment kit).
In 1960, the staff of the unit was increased to 146 people.
By this time, they had already decided on the specialization, which was conditionally divided into three areas:
Part of the personnel was presented reconnaissance divers who were supposed to be engaged in reconnaissance of enemy naval bases from the sea, as well as to mine ships and port facilities;
Some of the sailors were engaged conducting military intelligence- in other words, having landed from the sea, they acted on the shore as ordinary land reconnaissance;
The third direction was introduced specialists of radio and electronic intelligence- these people were engaged in conducting instrumental reconnaissance, which made it possible to quickly detect the most important objects behind enemy lines, such as field radio stations, radar stations, technical observation posts - in general, everything that emitted any signals on the air and was subject to destruction in the first turn.
Special underwater carriers began to enter the naval special forces - in other words, small underwater vehicles that could deliver saboteurs over long distances. Such a carrier was the two-seat Triton, later also the two-seat Triton-1M, and even later the six-seat Triton-2 appeared. These devices allowed saboteurs to quietly penetrate directly into enemy bases, mine ships and moorings, and perform other reconnaissance tasks.
These were very secret devices, and the story was all the more “horrible” when a naval special forces officer secretly escorting containers with these devices (in civilian clothes under the guise of a regular cargo forwarder) suddenly heard with a tremor in his knees how a slinger was in charge of reloading a container from a railway platform on the truck, shouted loudly to the crane operator: " Petrovich, pick it up carefully, there are TRITONS here."... and only when the officer pulled himself together, stopped trembling and calmed down a little, he realized that no leak of top-secret information had occurred, and the unlucky slinger just had in mind THREE TONS of the weight of the container (that's how much "Triton-1M" weighed), and not the most secret "Tritons" that were inside ...
For reference:
"Triton" - the first carrier of open-type divers. Diving depth - up to 12 meters. Travel speed - 4 knots (7.5 km / h). Range - 30 miles (55 km).
"Triton-1M" is the first carrier of closed type divers. Weight - 3 tons. Diving depth - 32 meters. Travel speed - 4 knots. Range - 60 miles (110 km).
"Triton-2" is the first group carrier of closed type divers. Weight - 15 tons. Diving depth - 40 meters. Travel speed - 5 knots. Range - 60 miles.
Currently, these models of equipment are already outdated and withdrawn from service. All three samples were installed as monuments on the territory of the unit, and the decommissioned apparatus "Triton-2" is also presented at the street exposition of the Museum of Military Glory of the Pacific Fleet in Vladivostok.
Currently, such underwater carriers are not used for a number of reasons, the main of which is the impossibility of their covert use. Today, the naval special forces are armed with more modern submarine carriers "Siren" and "Proteus" of various modifications. Both of these carriers allow covert landing of the reconnaissance group through the submarine's torpedo tube. "Siren" "carries" two saboteurs, and "Proteus" is an individual carrier.
Insolence and sport
Some of the legends about "Kholuy" are connected with the steady desire of the servicemen of this unit to improve their reconnaissance and sabotage skills at the expense of their own comrades-in-arms. At all times, the "holuai" brought a lot of problems to the daily duty personnel serving on ships and in the coastal units of the Pacific Fleet. Often there were cases of "training" abductions of orderly, duty documentation, theft of vehicles from careless military drivers. It cannot be said that the command of the unit specifically set such tasks for the scouts ... but for the successful actions of this kind, reconnaissance sailors could even receive a short vacation.
There are many fairy tales about how special forces "with one knife are thrown out in the middle of Siberia, and he must survive and return to the unit."
No, of course, no one is thrown out with one knife, but during special tactical exercises, groups of intelligence officers can be thrown into other regions of the country, where they are given various training reconnaissance and sabotage tasks, after which they need to return to the unit - preferably unnoticed . At this time, the police, internal troops and state security agencies are intensively looking for them, and citizens are announced that they are looking for conditional terrorists.
In the unit itself, sports have been cultivated at all times - and therefore it is not surprising that at present, practically at all naval competitions in power sports, martial arts, swimming and shooting, prizes are usually occupied by representatives of the "Kholuy". It should be noted that preference in sports is given not to strength, but to endurance - it is this physical skill that allows the marine scout to feel confident both on foot or ski crossings, and in long-distance swimming.
Unpretentiousness and the ability to live without frills, even gave rise to a peculiar saying on the "Kholuay":
"There is no need for something, but you can limit yourself in something."
It contains a deep meaning, which largely reflects the essence of the Russian Navy's naval intelligence officer - who, being content with little, is capable of accomplishing a lot.
Healthy spetsnaz chauvinism also gave rise to a special audacity of scouts, which became a source of special pride for the fighters of the naval special forces. This quality was especially clearly manifested during the exercises, which were and are being carried out almost constantly.
One of the admirals of the Pacific Fleet once said:
"The guys of the naval special forces were brought up in the spirit of love for the Motherland, hatred for enemies and the realization that they are the elite of the fleet. Not to feel their own superiority over others, but in the sense that huge public funds are spent on them, and their duty, in if anything, justify these costs ... ".
I remember in my deep childhood, in the mid-eighties, on the embankment near the C-56, I saw a lonely wandering sailor, who had a parachutist badge on his chest. At that time, a ferry was loading on the pier, next to Russky Island (there were no bridges then). The sailor was stopped by a patrol, and he presented his documents, gesticulating frantically, pointing with his hand at the ferry, which was already raising the ramp. But the patrol, apparently, decided to detain the sailor for some fault.
And then I saw a whole performance: the sailor sharply pulled the cap of the senior patrol over his very eyes, snatched his documents from his hands, slapped one of the patrolmen in the face, and rushed headlong to the departing ferry!
And the ferry, I must say, had already moved away from the pier by one and a half to two meters, and the sailor-parachutist overcame this distance in a graceful jump, grabbed the rails of the ferry, and there the passengers already pulled him on board. For some reason, I have no doubts in which part that sailor served ...
Return of the legend
In 1965, twenty years after the end of World War II, Captain First Rank Viktor Leonov, twice Hero of the Soviet Union, came to the unit. Several photographs have been preserved, in which the "legend of the naval special forces" is captured with the military personnel of the unit, both with officers and sailors. Subsequently, Viktor Leonov will visit the 42nd reconnaissance point several more times, which he himself considered a worthy brainchild of his 140th reconnaissance detachment ...
In 2015, Viktor Leonov returned to the unit forever. On the day of the 60th anniversary of the formation of the reconnaissance point, a monument to the true legend of the naval special forces, Twice Hero of the Soviet Union Viktor Nikolayevich Leonov, was unveiled on the territory of the military unit in a solemn atmosphere.
Combat use
In 1982, the moment came when the Motherland demanded the professional skills of naval commandos. From February 24 to April 27, a full-time special forces group performed the tasks of combat service for the first time, being on one of the ships of the Pacific Fleet.
In 1988-1989, for 130 days, a reconnaissance group equipped with Siren submarines and all the necessary combat equipment was in combat service. A small reconnaissance ship from the 38th brigade of reconnaissance ships of the Pacific Fleet delivered the Kholuayevites to the place of the combat mission. It is too early to say what these tasks were, because they are still hidden by a veil of secrecy. One thing is clear - some enemy has become very ill these days ...
In 1995, a group of servicemen of the 42nd Naval Reconnaissance Special Purpose Point took part in a combat operation to restore the constitutional regime in the Chechen Republic.
The group was attached to the 165th Marine Regiment of the Pacific Fleet operating there, and, according to the opinion of the senior head of the Marine Corps grouping of the Pacific Fleet in Chechnya, Captain First Rank Sergei Kondratenko, acted brilliantly. Scouts in any critical situation kept their cool and courage. Five "holuaevites" laid down their lives in this war. Ensign Andrei Dneprovsky was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of Russia.
From the award list:
"…organized the training of a freelance reconnaissance group of the battalion and skillfully acted as part of it. On February 19, 1995, in a battle in the city of Grozny, he personally saved the lives of two sailors and carried the body of the deceased sailor A. I. Pleshakov. On the night of March 20-21, 1995, while performing a combat mission to capture the height of Goyten-Kort, the reconnaissance group of A.V. Dneprovsky secretly approached the height, identified and neutralized the outposts of militants (one was killed, two were taken prisoner). Later, in the course of a fleeting battle, he personally destroyed two militants, ensuring an unhindered approach of the company to the height and the completion of a combat mission without losses.…".
On the same day, he died heroically, performing the subsequent task ... In 1996, a monument was erected on the territory of the unit to the military personnel of the unit who died in the line of military duty.
Names engraved on the monument:
Hero of Russia Ensign A. V. Dneprovskiy
Lieutenant Colonel A. V. Ilyin
Michman V. N. Vargin
Midshipman P. V. Safonov
Chief ship foreman K. N. Zheleznov
Petty officer 1 article S. N. Tarolo
Petty officer 1 article A. S. Buzko
Petty officer 2 articles V. L. Zaburdaev
Sailor V. K. Vyzhimov
Holly in our time
Today, "Kholuy" in a new guise, with a slightly changed structure and number, after a series of organizational events, continues to live its own life - in its own special, "special forces" way. Many cases of this part will never be declassified, and books will be written about some more. The names of the people who serve here today are closed to the public, and rightly so.
Naval scouts even today sacredly honor their combat traditions, and combat training does not stop for a second. Every day, the “holuaevites” are engaged in a variety of activities: they train diving (both real in the sea and in a pressure chamber), achieving the proper level of physical fitness, practicing hand-to-hand combat techniques and methods of covert movement, learning to shoot from the most different types small arms, study new technology, which is supplied to the troops in abundance today (there are even combat robots in service now) - in general, they are preparing at any moment by order of the Motherland to complete any task.
It remains only to wish our scouts to realize their combat skills only on training grounds...
The secret unit "Kholuy" of the Pacific Fleet, also known as 42 MCI Special Forces (military unit 59190), was created in 1955 in Maly Uliss Bay near Vladivostok, later relocated to Russky Island, where scouts-saboteurs are still undergoing combat training. There are many legends about these guys, their physical training is admired, they are called the best of the best, the cream of special forces. Each of them could become the main character of an action movie. Today, RIA PrimaMedia publishes a material by military historian and journalist Alexei Sukonkin about the legendary part of the "Kholuy". In 1993-94, he served in the special forces unit of the ground forces, but from time to time their part was also in the naval special forces.
Foreword
“Suddenly for the enemy, we landed at a Japanese airfield and entered into negotiations. After that, we, ten people, were taken by the Japanese to the headquarters of the colonel, the commander of the aviation unit, who wanted to make hostages out of us. I joined the conversation when I felt that with us, the representative of the Soviet command, captain 3rd rank Kulebyakin, as they say, “pushed him to the wall.” Looking into the eyes of the Japanese, I said that we had fought the entire war in the west and had enough experience to assess the situation, that we would not be hostages "But we'd rather die, but we'll die together with everyone at the headquarters. The difference is, I added, that you will die like rats, and we will try to escape from here. Hero of the Soviet Union Mitya Sokolov immediately stood behind the Japanese colonel. Hero of the Soviet Union Andrei Pshenichnykh locked the door with a key, put the key in his pocket and sat down on a chair, and Volodya Olyashev (honored master of sports after the war) lifted Andrei together with the chair and put him right in front of d Japanese commander. Ivan Guzenkov went up to the window and reported that we were not high, and Hero of the Soviet Union Semyon Agafonov, standing at the door, began tossing an anti-tank grenade in his hand. The Japanese, however, did not know that there was no fuse in it. The colonel, forgetting about the handkerchief, began to wipe the sweat from his forehead with his hand and after a while signed the act of surrender of the entire garrison.
This is how naval intelligence officer Viktor Leonov, twice Hero of the Soviet Union, described just one military operation in which a handful of daring and brave naval intelligence officers of the Pacific Fleet forced a large Japanese garrison to lay down their arms literally without a fight. Shamefully capitulated three and a half thousand Japanese samurai.
It was the apotheosis of the combat power of the 140th Naval Reconnaissance Detachment, the harbinger of the modern naval special forces, which everyone knows today under the incomprehensible and mysterious name "Holuai".
origins
And it all started during the Great Patriotic War. Then the 181st reconnaissance detachment successfully operated in the Northern Fleet, performing various special operations in the rear of enemy troops. The crowning achievement of this detachment was the capture of two coastal batteries at Cape Krestovoy (which blocked the entrance to the bay and could easily defeat the landing convoy) in preparation for the landing in the port of Liinakhamari (Murmansk region - ed.). This, in turn, ensured the success of the Petsamo-Kirkenes landing operation, which became the key to success in the liberation of the entire Soviet Arctic. It is even hard to imagine that a detachment of several dozen people, having captured only a few guns of German coastal batteries, actually ensured victory in the entire strategic operation, but, nevertheless, this is so - for this reason, the reconnaissance detachment was created in order to sting the enemy with small forces in the weakest spot...
The commander of the 181st reconnaissance detachment, Senior Lieutenant Viktor Leonov, and two of his subordinates (Semyon Agafonov and Andrei Pshenichnykh) became Heroes of the Soviet Union in this short but important battle.
In April 1945, part of the personnel of the 181st detachment, led by the commander, was transferred to the Pacific Fleet to form the 140th reconnaissance detachment of the Pacific Fleet, which was supposed to be used in the upcoming war with Japan. By May, the detachment was formed on Russky Island in the amount of 139 people and began combat training. In August 1945, the 140th reconnaissance detachment participated in the capture of the ports of Yuki and Rashin, as well as the naval bases of Seishin and Genzan. As a result of these operations, chief foreman Makar Babikov and midshipman Alexander Nikandrov of the 140th reconnaissance detachment of the Pacific Fleet became Heroes of the Soviet Union, and their commander Viktor Leonov received a second Hero star.
Nevertheless, at the end of the war, all such reconnaissance formations in the Soviet Navy were disbanded as they were supposedly unnecessary.
But soon the story turned around...
From the history of the creation of special purpose units:
In 1950, separate special-purpose companies were formed in the Armed Forces of the Soviet Union in each army and military district. In Primorsky Krai, in particular, three such companies were formed: the 91st (military unit No. 51423) as part of the 5th combined arms army stationed in Ussuriysk, the 92nd (military unit No. 51447) as part of the 25th combined arms army stationed at the Fighter Kuznetsov station and the 88th (military unit No. 51422) as part of the 37th Guards Airborne Corps stationed in Chernigovka. The special-purpose companies were tasked with searching for and destroying the most important military and civilian targets, including enemy nuclear weapons, deep behind enemy lines. The personnel of these companies were trained in military reconnaissance, mine-explosive business, and made parachute jumps. For service in such units, people were selected who, for health reasons, were fit for service in the airborne troops.
The experience of the Great Patriotic War showed the indispensability of such units for decisive action on enemy communications, and in connection with the unleashing of the Cold War by the Americans, the need for such units became very clear. The new units showed their high efficiency already at the first exercises, and the Navy became interested in units of this kind.
Rear Admiral Leonid Konstantinovich Bekrenev, head of intelligence of the Navy, wrote in his address to the Minister of the Navy:
"Given the role of reconnaissance and sabotage units in the general system of fleet reconnaissance, I consider it necessary to take the following measures: ... to create ... reconnaissance and sabotage units of military intelligence, giving them the name of separate naval reconnaissance divisions."
At the same time, Captain First Rank Boris Maksimovich Margolin theoretically substantiated such a decision, arguing that "... the difficulties and duration of the training of scouts - light divers make it necessary to prepare them in advance and systematic training, for which special units should be created ...".
And so, by the Directive of the Main Naval Staff of June 24, 1953, such special intelligence formations are being formed in all fleets. In total, five "reconnaissance points for special purposes" were formed - in all fleets and the Caspian flotilla.
In the Pacific Fleet, its own reconnaissance point is being created on the basis of the directive of the General Staff of the Navy No. OMU / 1 / 53060ss of March 18, 1955.
However, June 5, 1955 is considered the "Day of the unit" - the day when the unit completed its formation and became part of the fleet as a combat unit.
Holuay bay
The word "Kholuai" itself (as well as its variations "Khaluai" and "Khalulai"), according to one version, means "dead place", and although disputes on this subject are still ongoing and sinologists do not confirm such a translation, the version is considered quite plausible - especially among those who served in this bay.
In the thirties, on Russky Island (at that time, by the way, its second name, Kazakevich Island, which disappeared from geographical maps only in the forties of the twentieth century, was also widely practiced) the construction of antiamphibious defense facilities of Vladivostok was going on. Defense facilities included coastal long-term firing points - bunkers. Some specially fortified pillboxes even had their own names, for example, "Stream", "Rock", "Wave", "Bonfire" and others. All this defensive splendor was served by separate machine-gun battalions, each of which occupied its own sector of defense. In particular, the 69th separate machine-gun battalion of the Vladivostok Coastal Defense Sector of the Pacific Fleet, located in the area of Krasny Cape in Kholuai (New Dzhigit) Bay, served firing points located on Russky Island. For this battalion in 1935, a two-story barracks and headquarters, a canteen, a boiler room, warehouses and a stadium were built. Here the battalion was stationed until the forties, after which it was disbanded. The barracks were not used for a long time and began to collapse.
And in March 1955, a new military unit with very specific tasks was settled here, the secrecy of whose existence was brought to the highest limit.
Birth of a legend
The formation of the 42nd Marine Special Purpose Reconnaissance Point of the Pacific Fleet began in March and ended in June 1955. During the formation of the duties of the commander, captain of the second rank Nikolai Braginsky temporarily performed, but the first approved commander of the new unit was ... no, not a scout, but the former commander of the destroyer, captain of the second rank Pyotr Kovalenko.
For several months, the unit was based on Ulysses, and the personnel lived on board the old ship, and before leaving for the permanent deployment point on Russky Island, reconnaissance sailors at the submarine training base underwent an accelerated diving training course.
On July 1, 1955, the unit began single combat training of future reconnaissance divers under the training program for special forces units. A little later, the combat coordination of groups began.
In September 1955, the newly formed naval special forces took part in their first exercises - having landed on boats in the Shkotovsky region, naval reconnaissance reconnaissance of the Abrek naval base and elements of its anti-sabotage defense, as well as highways in the rear of the conditional "enemy".
Already at that time, the command of the unit came to the understanding that the selection for naval special forces should be as tough as possible, if not cruel.
But those who survived were immediately enlisted in the elite unit and began combat training. This test week became known as "hellish". Later, when the United States created its SEAL units, they adopted our practice of selecting future fighters as the most optimal, allowing us to quickly understand what this or that candidate is capable of, whether he is ready to serve in parts of the naval special forces.
The meaning of this "personnel" rigidity boiled down to the fact that commanders initially had to clearly understand the abilities and capabilities of their fighters - after all, special forces operate in isolation from their troops, and a small group can only rely on themselves, and, accordingly, the importance of any team member rises many times. The commander must initially be confident in his subordinates, and subordinates in their commander. And that's the only reason "entry to the service" in this part is so strict. It shouldn't be otherwise.
Looking ahead, I will say that nothing has been lost today: the candidate, as before, will have to go through serious trials that are inaccessible to most even physically well-trained people.
In particular, the candidate must first of all run ten kilometers in heavy body armor, meeting the running standard provided for running in sneakers and sportswear. If you don't fit in, no one will talk to you anymore. If you ran on time, then you immediately need to perform 70 push-ups from the lying position and 15 pull-ups on the horizontal bar. Moreover, it is desirable to perform these exercises in a "pure form". Most of the people, already at the stage of jogging in a bulletproof vest, suffocating from physical overload, begin to wonder, "do I need this happiness, if it happens every day?" This is where true motivation comes in.
At the end of the test, the candidate is placed in the ring, where three hand-to-hand combat instructors fight with him, checking the person for readiness for the fight - both physical and moral. Usually, if a candidate has reached the ring, this is already an "ideological" candidate, and the ring does not break him. Well, and then the commander, or the person replacing him, is already talking to the candidate. After that, the harsh service begins ...
There are no discounts for officers either - everyone passes the tests. The main supplier of command personnel for Kholuai are three military schools - the Pacific Naval (TOVVMU), the Far Eastern Combined Arms (DVOKU) and the Ryazan Airborne (RVVDKU), although if a person wants, then nothing prevents an officer from other schools to enter the service in the naval special forces - there would be a desire.
As a former special forces officer told me, having expressed a desire to serve in this unit in front of the head of intelligence of the fleet, he immediately had to do push-ups from the floor 100 times right in the admiral's office - Rear Admiral Yuri Maksimenko (head of intelligence of the Pacific Fleet in 1982-1991), despite the fact that the officer went through Afghanistan, and was awarded two military orders. This is how the chief of intelligence of the Pacific Fleet decided to cut off the candidate if he did not complete such an elementary exercise. The officer completed the exercise.
At various times, the unit was commanded by:
Captain 1st rank Kovalenko Petr Prokopevich (1955–1959);
Captain 1st rank Guryanov Viktor Nikolaevich (1959–1961);
Captain 1st rank Petr Ivanovich Konnov (1961–1966);
Captain 1st rank Klimenko Vasily Nikiforovich (1966–1972);
Captain 1st rank Minkin Yuri Alekseevich (1972–1976);
Captain 1st rank Zharkov Anatoly Vasilyevich (1976–1981);
Captain 1st rank Yakovlev Yuri Mikhailovich (1981–1983);
Lieutenant Colonel Evsyukov Viktor Ivanovich (1983–1988);
Captain 1st rank Omsharuk Vladimir Vladimirovich (1988-1995) - died in February 2016;
Lieutenant Colonel Gritsay Vladimir Georgievich (1995–1997);
Captain 1st rank Sergey Veniaminovich Kurochkin (1997–2000);
Colonel Gubarev Oleg Mikhailovich (2000-2010);
Lieutenant Colonel Belyavsky Zaur Valerievich (2010-2013);
Let the name of today's commander remain for the time being in the coastal fog of military secrets ...
Teachings and service
In 1956, naval scouts began to master parachute jumps. Usually, the training camp took place at the airfields of naval aviation - by subordination. During the first training camp, all personnel performed two jumps from a height of 900 meters from Li-2 and An-2 aircraft, and also learned how to land "assault" from Mi-4 helicopters - both on land and on water.
A year later, naval reconnaissance officers have already mastered the landing of submarines lying on the ground through torpedo tubes, as well as returning to them after completing the task at coastal facilities of a mock enemy. Based on the results of combat training in 1958, the 42nd naval reconnaissance point became the best special unit of the Pacific Fleet and was awarded the passing pennant of the Commander of the Pacific Fleet.
In many exercises, scouts developed the necessary skills, acquired special knowledge and expressed their wishes regarding the composition of the equipment. In particular, back in the late fifties, naval reconnaissance officers formulated requirements for weapons - they should be light and silent (as a result, samples of special weapons appeared - small-sized silent pistols SMEs, silent grenade launchers "Tishina", underwater pistols SPP-1 and underwater APS submachine guns, as well as many other special weapons). Also, the scouts wanted to have waterproof outerwear and shoes, and the eyes had to be protected from mechanical damage with special goggles (for example, today four types of goggles are included in the equipment kit).
By this time, they had already decided on the specialization, which was conditionally divided into three areas:
- part of the personnel was represented by reconnaissance divers, who were supposed to be engaged in reconnaissance of enemy naval bases from the sea, as well as to mine ships and port facilities;
- some of the sailors were engaged in conducting military intelligence - in other words, having landed from the sea, they acted on the shore as ordinary land intelligence officers;
- the third direction was represented by radio and electronic intelligence specialists - these people were engaged in conducting instrumental reconnaissance, which made it possible to quickly detect the most important objects behind enemy lines, such as field radio stations, radar stations, technical observation posts - in general, everything that emitted in broadcast any signals and were to be destroyed in the first place.
Special underwater carriers began to enter the naval special forces - in other words, small underwater vehicles that could deliver saboteurs over long distances. Such a carrier was the two-seat Triton, later also the two-seat Triton-1M, and even later the six-seat Triton-2 appeared. These devices allowed saboteurs to quietly penetrate directly into enemy bases, mine ships and moorings, and perform other reconnaissance tasks.
For reference:
"Triton" - the first carrier of open-type divers. Diving depth - up to 12 meters. Travel speed - 4 knots (7.5 km / h). Range - 30 miles (55 km).
"Triton-1M" is the first carrier of closed type divers. Weight - 3 tons. Diving depth - 32 meters. Travel speed - 4 knots. Range - 60 miles (110 km).
"Triton-2" is the first group carrier of closed type divers. Weight - 15 tons. Diving depth - 40 meters. Travel speed - 5 knots. Range - 60 miles.
Currently, these models of equipment are already outdated and withdrawn from service. All three samples were installed as monuments on the territory of the unit, and the decommissioned apparatus "Triton-2" is also presented at the street exposition of the Museum of Military Glory of the Pacific Fleet in Vladivostok.
Currently, such underwater carriers are not used for a number of reasons, the main of which is the impossibility of their covert use. Today, the naval special forces are armed with more modern submarine carriers "Siren" and "Proteus" of various modifications. Both of these carriers allow covert landing of the reconnaissance group through the submarine's torpedo tube. "Siren" "carries" two saboteurs, and "Proteus" is an individual carrier.
Insolence and sport
Some of the legends about "Kholuy" are connected with the steady desire of the servicemen of this unit to improve their reconnaissance and sabotage skills at the expense of their own comrades-in-arms. At all times, the "holuai" brought a lot of problems to the daily duty personnel serving on ships and in the coastal units of the Pacific Fleet. Often there were cases of "training" abductions of orderly, duty documentation, theft of vehicles from careless military drivers. It cannot be said that the command of the unit specifically set such tasks for the scouts ... but for the successful actions of this kind, reconnaissance sailors could even receive a short vacation.
No, of course, no one is thrown out with one knife, but during special tactical exercises, groups of intelligence officers can be thrown into other regions of the country, where they are given various training reconnaissance and sabotage tasks, after which they need to return to the unit - preferably unnoticed . At this time, the police, internal troops and state security agencies are intensively looking for them, and citizens are announced that they are looking for conditional terrorists.
In the unit itself, sports have been cultivated at all times - and therefore it is not surprising that at present, practically at all naval competitions in power sports, martial arts, swimming and shooting, prizes are usually occupied by representatives of the "Kholuy". It should be noted that preference in sports is given not to strength, but to endurance - it is this physical skill that allows the marine scout to feel confident both on foot or ski crossings, and in long-distance swimming.
Unpretentiousness and the ability to live without frills, even gave rise to a peculiar saying on the "Kholuay":
"There is no need for something, but you can limit yourself in something."
Return of the legend
In 1965, twenty years after the end of World War II, Captain First Rank Viktor Leonov, twice Hero of the Soviet Union, came to the unit. Several photographs have been preserved, in which the "legend of the naval special forces" is captured with the military personnel of the unit, both with officers and sailors. Subsequently, Viktor Leonov would visit the 42nd reconnaissance point several more times, which he himself considered a worthy brainchild of his 140th reconnaissance detachment.
In 2015, Viktor Leonov returned to the unit forever. On the day of the 60th anniversary of the formation of the reconnaissance point, a monument to the true legend of the naval special forces, Twice Hero of the Soviet Union Viktor Nikolayevich Leonov, was unveiled on the territory of the military unit in a solemn atmosphere.
Holly in our time
Today, "Kholuy" in a new guise, with a slightly changed structure and number, after a series of organizational events, continues to live its own life - in its own special, "special forces" way. Many cases of this part will never be declassified, and books will be written about some more. The names of the people who serve here today are closed to the public, and rightly so.
Naval scouts even today sacredly honor their combat traditions, and combat training does not stop for a second. Every day, "holuaevites" are engaged in a variety of activities: they train diving (both real in the sea and in a pressure chamber), achieving the proper level of physical fitness, practicing hand-to-hand combat techniques and methods of covert movement, learning to shoot from a variety of types of small arms, studying new equipment , which is supplied to the troops in abundance today (there are even combat robots in service now) - in general, they are preparing at any moment by order of the Motherland to complete any task.
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The composition of the special forces of the Navy:42nd naval reconnaissance point (Russian Island, Khalulai Bay, Vladivostok district, Pacific Fleet);
420th naval reconnaissance point (Polyarny settlement, district of Murmansk, SF);
431st naval reconnaissance point (Tuapse, Black Sea Fleet);
561st naval reconnaissance point (p. Sailing district Baltiysk, Kaliningrad region, BF).
AT official documents a fighter of the Special Forces of the Navy is called a “scout diver”. They are armed with: 5.45mm AK-74 assault rifles and its modifications, 5.66 mm APS special underwater submachine guns, 5.45 mm two-medium ADS submachine guns, 9 mm AS "Val" special silent submachine guns, APB 9 mm pistols, 7.62 mm PSS special pistols, 4.5 mm underwater pistols SPP-1 (SPP-1 M), various samples sniper weapon, means of mining / demining, technical means reconnaissance, means of communication, light diving equipment (breathing apparatuses, including the closed regenerative type IDA-71 and SGV-98, diving suits, masks, fins, etc.), technical means of delivery to enemy sea and coastal targets (inflatable boats, double Sirena and Sirena-UME diver tugs, Marina triple diver tugs, Som-1 and Som-3, Protei-5M and Protei-5MU, Proton and Proton-U", group six-seater divers tugs "Bunch").
If needed at run time special operations Airplanes, helicopters, surface ships and submarines can be attached to "scout divers" detachments.
Submarines are used to achieve maximum stealth in the landing of combat swimmers. Combat swimmers can disembark from submarines through torpedo tubes at low speed or when they are on the ground. When saboteurs land on the move, a special buoy is first launched onto the surface of the water, connected to the submarine by a towing and guide cable. Holding on to it, swimmers emerge and are towed behind the buoy on short lines until the whole group leaves or rises to the surface of the inflatable boat. The exit of combat swimmers from a boat lying on the ground is made from a depth of 20-30 m with a favorable bottom topography. In addition, together with the combat swimmers, the exit of the towing vehicles is provided through the torpedo tube. The way the towing vehicle exits the torpedo tube can be different. You can load the diver tug into the torpedo tube along with the divers and then push it out with a push rod, and then start the propellers. Or you can charge a tugboat in one vehicle, release a diver from another and again push the tugboat with a push rod, which is included in the standard equipment of the boat.
Surface ships (mainly fast boats) are used to deliver combat swimmers when stealth does not play a primary role in the mission, for example, to strengthen the defense of underwater structures and other objects in a limited area. Boats, including landing craft air cushion, capable of taking on board up to 20 or more people with full equipment. They can be delivered to the coast of the enemy on amphibious dock ships and then released through the dock chambers to the combat area.
Airplanes and helicopters are used when it is necessary to quickly deliver combat swimmers over considerable distances from bases. They are dropped into the water, for example, from a helicopter from a height of 5-6 m, and with the help of a parachute - from a height of 800-6000 m. When using gliding parachutes, it is possible to land on land and water at a distance of up to 11-16 km from the drop point, which allows the carrier aircraft not to approach the coast for dangerous distance and makes it difficult for the enemy to determine the landing area, and sometimes the goal of his flight. During an air landing, submarine tugs, inflatable boats and cargo containers.
Combat swimmers are able to reach targets of sabotage independently by swimming with the help of flippers or using both single and multi-seat wet and dry type tugboats. When approaching the shore, towing vehicles and cargo containers are fixed on the ground and, if possible, camouflaged. If there is a need for them in the future, then hydroacoustic beacons can be installed on these facilities, which automatically turn on given time or on command. The further movement of combat swimmers to the shore is carried out with the help of flippers.
Training officers is carried out at the faculty of special intelligence of the Novosibirsk Higher Combined Arms Command School, and the training of "scout divers" is carried out directly at the MCI.
The training system for special forces and anti-sabotage groups of the Navy was strikingly different from the methods used in other power departments. It all started with a rigorous selection of candidates for "amphibious people". For six months, recruits who had diving skills and sports categories before the army were trained according to a special program, where physical and psychological stress was close to the limit. According to the testimonies of former combat swimmers, one of the tests was a night forced march without specifying the distance and time of running. And when in the morning complete physical exhaustion set in, psychological stability began to appear.
After the transfer from the training to the combat unit, the conscripts proceeded to theoretical and practical training. The compulsory course included diving, airborne, navigation and topographic, mountain special, marine, physical training, mine-blasting business, hand-to-hand combat, survival in any conditions, the study of foreign armies and theaters of military operations, radio work and much more needed in modern war.The main objects of sabotage actions of combat swimmers are: large surface ships, submarines in their bases, mooring and hydraulic structures ports. They may also be missile systems, factories, airfields, command posts, radar stations, communication centers, warehouses and other important facilities located on the coast. In addition, combat swimmers are able to conduct reconnaissance in coastal waters and on the shore, destroy antiamphibious barriers and natural obstacles in the areas of the planned landing of amphibious assault forces, prepare sections of the coast for the approach of landing craft and landing sites for helicopters, as well as ensure the landing of intelligence groups on the coast of the enemy and fight against his combat swimmers.
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