Mushroom rules. Edible, inedible and poisonous mushrooms

Kira Stoletova

Going to the forest, people should know the rules for picking mushrooms, their shelf life, appearance and taste qualities. The harvesting guide is useful for both experienced mushroom pickers and beginners who need to know how to pick mushrooms correctly.

Basic rules for picking mushrooms

When picking mushrooms, you must strictly follow the basic rules in order to avoid mistakes that can lead to poisoning.

2. Mushrooms that you do not know, or when their belonging to which genus is in doubt, never eat ( ).

3. Never collect or eatmushrooms overripe, wormy and spoiled.

4. Don't Eat Rawmushrooms .

5. Never pick up or eat thosemushrooms , which at the base of the legs have a tuber-like thickening with a void.

6. When you collectmushrooms , especially russula, try to take them with the whole leg so as not to miss the important feature indicated in the previous rule.

7. When collecting champignons, pay attention to the color of the plates. Never eat "mushrooms" that have white plates. In real champignons, the plates quickly darken, and in a deadly poisonous toadstool, pale, appearance similar to champignon, the plates are always white.

8. All milk mushrooms and russula must be boiled or soaked before salting in order to remove bitter substances from them, which have a harmful effect on the stomach.

9. Before cooking morels, boil them for 10-15 minutes, and pour out the broth.

10. Mushrooms must be used immediately after collection. At a temperature, they cannot be stored raw for a long time, as they quickly deteriorate.

As for the waycollection mushrooms , then specialists - mushroom pickers solve this issue in different ways. Some advise to cut the mushroom with a knife without damaging the base of the stalk, others believe that it is better to “twist” the mushroom with the stalk, and then peel the lower part of the stalk unsuitable for eating. The first method is more reasonable, since it is in the lower part that the mycelium is contained, capable of developing new fruiting bodies.

Let us once again draw your attention: whenmushrooms there is a ring on the leg, you need to carefully examine the bottom of the leg, at the base of which some poisonous and deadly poisonousmushrooms there is a void.

MUSHROOM CALENDAR

The mushroom calendar is quite capricious. No year coincides with another in terms of the number of mushroom species and their yield. Only the sequence of appearance of mushrooms is almost always constant.

The mushroom season starts from the end of March - the beginning of May. During the summer and autumn, mushrooms grow unevenly. Intensively they appear in June - July and September - October, with a sufficient amount of heat and moisture, the development of fungi accelerates.

Indicators of the appearance of mushrooms are signals of wildlife. Aspen blossoms - morels appear in the forest. Bird cherry turns white - look for boletus. The rye is stalked - the first layer of porcini mushrooms. Aspen bears fruit - it's time to collect aspen mushrooms. Small-leaved linden blossoms - the second layer of porcini mushrooms. Harvest - the second layer of boletus. Heather petals turn pink - it's time to look for mushrooms. Oats in wax ripeness - real autumn mushrooms appeared.

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1. Collect only those mushrooms in the forest that you know for sure that they are edible.

2. Mushrooms that you do not know or that are in doubt, never eat or taste them raw.

3. Never pick or eat those mushrooms that have a tuberous thickening at the base of the stem, surrounded by a shell (as, for example, in the red fly agaric), and do not taste them.

4. When picking mushrooms, especially russula, try to take them with a whole leg, so as not to lose sight of the important feature indicated in the previous rule.

5. If you collect champignons in the forest, which in some places are called pecherica, pay special attention to the color of the plates located on the lower surface of the cap.

Never pick or eat "mushrooms" that have plates white color. In real edible champignons, the plates quickly turn pink and then darken.

In a deadly poisonous pale grebe, similar in appearance to champignon, the plates are always white.

6. If you collect volushki, nigella, whites, milk mushrooms, mushrooms and other mushrooms containing milky juice for salting, be sure to boil or soak them before salting in order to extract bitter substances that irritate the stomach.

The same should be done with valuy and russula, which have a pungent and bitter taste, as well as with pigs.

7. When collecting stitches and morels, you should always remember the need for their mandatory neutralization before cooking. These mushrooms should first be boiled for 7-10 minutes in water; a decoction containing poison, be sure to pour it out. After this treatment, stitches and morels can be boiled or fried.

8. Never pick or eat mushrooms that are overripe, slimy, flabby, wormy or spoiled.

Don't eat raw mushrooms.

10. Mushrooms brought home must be sorted on the same day according to certain types and again carefully reviewed. All questionable, as well as overripe, flabby and wormy mushrooms should be thrown away. The lower part of the legs, contaminated with soil, is cut off and the mushrooms are thoroughly washed from sand and litter. In some mushrooms (oily and wet), a film covered with mucus is removed from the cap.

Mushrooms must be cooked on the day of collection or no later than the next morning.

Rules for collecting mushrooms: 1. Collect only those mushrooms that are familiar to you and that you can definitely distinguish from poisonous ones. 2. Do not collect old, wormy, soaked water after long rains and covered in mold. 3. Carefully inspect the mushrooms before placing them in the basket. 4. Remember that even the best and, of course, edible mushroom, if it is overripe, began to rot or lay untreated for a long time, can become poisonous.

Shelf life fresh mushrooms should not exceed 18-24 hours at a temperature not higher than +10 degrees. 5. Do not pick mushrooms that appear after the first frost. 6. Do not pick mushrooms along roads and near industrial enterprises: they accumulate in fruit bodies heavy metals and radioactive substances hazardous to health. 7. Do not use plastic bags or other plastic container that does not allow air to pass through. 8. At the first signs of poisoning, you should immediately consult a doctor.

Before he comes, you need to drink a lot warm water and induce vomiting.

slide 24 from the presentation "Kingdom of Mushrooms" Grade 6. The size of the archive with the presentation is 3198 KB.

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Where are sex cells formed? Flower structure of angiosperms. Fertilization is the process of fusion of female and male germ cells. During sexual reproduction, a new organism develops.

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5class.net > Biology Grade 6 > "Kingdom of Mushrooms" Grade 6 > slide 24

Any avid mushroom picker will tell you that "quiet" hunting is a great pleasure, and not just an opportunity to replenish household supplies.

Of course, it’s nice to slowly wander through the morning forest in search of hats lurking under the trees, blades of grass and leaves shining with dew.

However, we must not forget that mushrooms can be not only edible, but also poisonous, so they must be collected very carefully so that they are brought home only to your benefit.

It is best to go to the forest before full sunrise, i.e. around 6 am. Firstly, the sun will not blind you, and secondly, the dew that has not dried on the hats will make them more noticeable.

It is best to collect mushrooms in a basket woven from willow twigs or birch bark.

Take a small handy knife with you. You should also take care of protection against mosquitoes and ticks. For collection, do not choose places near industrial enterprises, roads and railways.

The basic principle to be followed during the hunt is "If you're not sure - don't take it!".

Never test the edibility of a mushroom by taste!

It's better to leave it in the forest if you're not sure if it's edible. Also, do not take obviously old or wormy specimens, and left by other people.

Very often people become victims of so-called false mushrooms.

They look like they are edible. If the base of the leg has a thickening surrounded by fringe rings, then this is a sign of toxicity. False mushrooms, so often mistaken for real edible mushrooms, have a very thin stem without velvety rings. They are also much smaller than real mushrooms. There is no slippery film on the hat and no scales.

There are two ways to pick mushrooms - cut or twist. Both methods are acceptable for the preservation of mycelium. So, tubular species (boletus, boletus, boletus), growing singly, it is better to carefully twist.

If they grow in families, then in order not to damage the mycelium, you need to cut them off at ground level. Waves, mushrooms, milk mushrooms have a very thin and fragile leg, so it is better to cut them with a knife.

In any case, you need to cut or twist it very, very carefully.

The preserved mycelium will delight you with a new harvest in the same place. Therefore, real lovers of "quiet" hunting hide their "fish" places so carefully in order to return there again and again for a full basket.

As soon as you return home from the forest, immediately sort and clean the mushrooms. Those that contain milky juice (waves, milk mushrooms) should be soaked before cooking - then they will not be bitter.

However, it is better not to take them for drying. Freshly picked and cleaned hats and legs should not be boiled. less than an hour on moderate heat.

When they settle to the bottom, it means they are ready. The resulting foam should be removed. You can change the water once.

Suitable for freezing fresh mushrooms freezer with quick deep freeze system. They can be stored in a regular refrigerator for no more than three days!

Collection of mushrooms. Time and place for picking mushrooms. Mushroom rules. mushroom season

August 13, 2011 Hunting and fishing, Mushrooms

Mushroom picking has long been called mushroom hunting or silent hunting. And this is not at all surprising, because to find useful mushroom- large, fresh, strong - you still need to be able to.

In quiet hunting, not only information about edible / poisonous mushrooms is important, but also knowledge about the rules of collection. There are plenty of tricks in silent hunting!

picking mushrooms

Shoes and clothes of a mushroom picker should in no way hamper movement, since picking mushrooms involves constant transitions from place to place.

Due to improperly selected shoes, feet can suffer greatly: it is best to give preference to sports shoes or any worn shoes. To avoid chafing your feet, choose cotton or wool socks (depending on weather conditions). It will not be superfluous to provide additional protection from rain and wind. Often mushroom hunting produced in large areas forest areas. For such trips, it is advisable to have matches, a knife, a whistle, a compass, paper and a pencil with you.

But when picking mushrooms, the forest itself requires special attention.

It is necessary not only to carefully search for the object of collection, but also to vigilantly monitor environment and the road under your feet, as there is a risk of tripping over brushwood and roots overgrown with grass, falling into a hole or catching on a sharp branch, because mushrooms grow in thick grass.

An indispensable companion of any mushroom picker will be a basket of willow, wickerwork of bast or birch bark.

In no case should they be replaced by a backpack, plastic bag, a bucket and other containers in which mushrooms can be wrinkled - picking mushrooms requires care.

It is very important not to damage the integrity of the mycelium, so the object of collection is cut with a knife so that the lower end of the leg remains in the ground, which is subsequently sprinkled with earth and rammed. This will allow you not to lose productivity in the next mushroom season.

Mushroom picking time

You need to start picking mushrooms early in the morning in order to be in time before they warm up under the sun.

This will allow them to be stored long time. If mushrooms heated by the sun are spread over the surface in a thick layer, they will quickly deteriorate - they will become covered with mucus and begin to emit an unpleasant odor.

It is erroneous to assume that mushrooms grow in the forest only in the autumn. Already from mid-May, you can collect morels, in July - russula, and in early August - boletus, milk mushrooms, boletus and boletus.

Starting from September, mushrooms, fly mushrooms and mushrooms appear. But a dry June portends a mushroom-free July.

mushroom season

All mushrooms grow in "layers" or "waves". From mid-May, the first of the year begin to appear spring mushrooms. In July, in the last decade, in the forests where birches are found, you can collect veils, which are well known as constant companions of porcini mushrooms; in small-leaved and relatively light - pigs, in broad-leaved - pepper mushrooms and podgruzdki.

The crop of porcini mushrooms in July is not rich, as their layer is waiting for its time.

Over the summer in middle lane Russia has about three to four layers of mushrooms, with August being the main mushroom month.

At this time, all July varieties begin to actively bear fruit, and in addition to them the most valuable, new ones are added - boletus, boletus, mushrooms and mushrooms.

White wave - the first herald of the approaching autumn. Therefore, partly September and August as a whole are the time when you can actively start quiet hunting.

Mushroom picking places

by the most mushroom places light deciduous groves are traditionally considered- birch, aspen, etc.

White mushrooms can be found near anthills and fly agarics. It should also be remembered that in a dry summer the fungus grows as close to the trunk as possible, and in a damp one - at a distance from it.

Most of them grow to the north of the tree, to the west and east they are somewhat less, and on the south side of the trunk they are generally extremely rare.

Mushroom picking rules

When picking mushrooms, you must remember that excessive caution will not interfere in this matter.

You should not take an incomprehensible mushroom or try a well-known one. Proceeding from the same precaution, it is best to give preference to a young crop, since the old one tends to accumulate toxic substances: pickling, salting and drying require exceptionally whole and strong mushrooms.

For greater convenience, the search can be carried out using a stick, reaching a length of about 1 meter, with a horn located at the end.

Mushrooms, especially tubular ones, are put in a basket in such a way that their caps look up, and small mushrooms are left whole, while the cap of large ones is cut off and placed next to the stem.

The found mushroom must be cleaned of debris and earth - this will greatly facilitate the work at home. In the forest, you need to behave calmly and not run in a hurry from tree to tree: quiet hunting requires special concentration, attention and patience.

Often where one mushroom grows, many others can be found. But do not forget about the danger of poisonous mushrooms.

Harvested mushrooms should not be stored for too long (more than 2-3 hours). This is due to the increased moisture content (about 89-92 percent). The raw crop is stored in the refrigerator or in the cellar. If there are none, any cool place will do.

Most mushrooms, including russula and lamellar mushrooms, must be cut exclusively with a stem. This is done in order to make sure that there is no special membranous ring, which is characteristic of some poisonous mushrooms that look like russula - for example, pale grebe, which is considered the most dangerous.

One fourth of her hat is enough to die from poisoning.

Such mushrooms, as conditionally edible, are placed in a large enameled pan before pickling and poured with cool water. The latter contributes to the removal of milky juice and bitterness from the fetus.

Aluminum and galvanized utensils should never come into contact with mushrooms. Immediately after delivery from the forest, mushrooms must be sorted out. If this is not possible, then they are doused with salted boiling water. This prolongs their life by a day.

edible mushrooms
poisonous mushrooms

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Education

Mushroom rules. Mushroom picking rules for children

The forest, as you know, is our wealth. Therefore, to natural resources must be treated with care.

So, for example, when coming to the forest for mushrooms, one should observe certain rules their collection. Below are some recommendations.

I'm going to the forest

Before giving the rules for collecting edible mushrooms, some points should be noted that precede the trip to nature. It is better to go to the forest when after heavy rains come warm days and nights.

This is very beneficial for the crop. You need to go to the forest early in the morning. Of course, there are people who believe that everyone will get mushrooms. This is partly true, but only in the case when places are known where no one has yet been. When going for mushrooms, you need to dress well. On your feet you should put on tight trousers and put on high boots or boots, on top - a sweater and a thick jacket.

Rules for safe mushroom picking

First of all, you should choose the area.

In no case should you collect mushrooms near large, especially industrial, cities, near cemeteries, factories. You need to get away from highways, railways.

This is due to the fact that in the vicinity specified places there is an active release heavy metals and other harmful substances. All toxic compounds are absorbed by plants. Therefore, as the mushroom picking rules say, you should choose a location away from the above areas.

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Poisonous or not?

If there is any doubt about the edibility of the mushroom, then it is better not to cut it. Poisoning can be very dangerous (depending on the concentration of the toxic substance), the consequences are unpredictable. It would be nice to contact a specialist who is able to weed out inedible mushrooms.

He could also talk about the signs poisonous species. Do not put wormy, flabby, overripe or rotten mushrooms in a basket.

In spoiled species, the process of decomposition begins, which is accompanied by the release of harmful compounds. Mushroom picking rules recommend putting the crop in wicker baskets that are well ventilated. In extreme cases, you can use a bucket. Do not put the harvested crop in bags. There, mushrooms can “suffocate” and quickly deteriorate.

Some rules for picking mushrooms for children

If a child goes to the forest with his parents, he should be given several recommendations.

You can do this in game form. For example, you can say to him: "Make a rule for picking mushrooms." The child in the process of conversation begins to understand how to behave in the forest. Parents explain that mushrooms should not be uprooted from the ground or torn off the roots.

In this case, next year there will be no harvest at this place. To keep the mycelium intact, the mushroom should be carefully cut with a knife. You can pull it out if it is under a thick "litter". However, this must be done very carefully, turning and swinging the leg. After that, the hole must be sprinkled with moss.

So the open mycelium will not dry out under the bright sun. A new crop will appear in the same place next year. When telling a child the rules for picking mushrooms, you should definitely tell him that you should not shoot down those species that do not fall into the basket. After all, it happens that one person does not know the name of a particular species or thinks that it is poisonous. The other, on the contrary, knows it very well and actively uses it for food.

You need to tell your child that raw mushrooms you can't try. The same applies to berries. If you go to the forest with children, it is necessary that they are in sight at all times. It is very easy for a child to get lost, this should not be forgotten.

Attitude towards the forest and its inhabitants

Being in nature, you should show respect for it. You don't need to break trees to build a fire. There are many dry branches on the ground in the forest, they will be quite enough. If halts are organized, after them it is necessary to remove all the garbage with you, put out the fire.

Forest dwellers should also be treated with care. In no case should you destroy anthills, bird nests. Going to the forest, you need to know not only the rules for picking mushrooms, but also the behavior in case of an unexpected encounter with a wild animal. It is best, of course, to go to already familiar places. However, to meet someone forest dweller, for example, a wild boar, you can in a well-known area. If this happens, do not show aggression or panic. No need to make loud noises.

As a rule, wild boars do not attack people, and when they see them, they can stop. The person should also stop moving.

Inspection of the harvest at home

The above are the basic rules for picking mushrooms. What to do with the harvest at home? Returning, you should once again carefully review each mushroom.

Probably somewhere there is a wormy leg or a rotten hat. Mushrooms should then be cleaned and washed. In the process of their preparation, in no case should you drink a decoction.

It usually contains harmful substances that are released during heat treatment.

Conclusion

Before heading into the forest, you should not only remember the rules for picking mushrooms.

Information about their varieties is also important. As you know, there are edible and poisonous mushrooms. The first include: boletus, butterdish, volnushka, breast, honey agaric, boletus, chanterelle, flywheel. Among inedible mushrooms it should be noted serushka, hard field worker, tinder fungus, rowing, pepper mushroom, cherry, false chanterelle. Poisonous include: pale grebe, false puffball, false honey agaric, red-haired champignon, chestnut umbrella, fly agaric, poisonous rowing, fibrous, common stitch.

Before going to the forest, you need to determine which mushrooms will be collected, for what purposes they will be used later. They can be dried, marinated. Fresh mushrooms make a very tasty soup.

In general, there are quite a lot of recipes. In order for the trip to be successful, you must follow the above recommendations. Special care should be taken in the forest if children are present. They need constant supervision.

Here comes the mushroom season. There's a reason why it's possible to do more than just breathe fresh air, walking through the forest, but also to take part in the "quiet hunt" - an exciting activity - picking mushrooms.

Mushrooms - traditional food product- any book about Russian cuisine contains many appetizers, first and main courses,sauces and fillings for pies. For cooking, raw, boiled, salted, pickled and dried mushrooms. The unique taste and aroma of mushrooms, as well as nutritional advantages, ensure their popularity not only in Russian cuisine.

Why are mushrooms good?The chemical composition of most edible mushrooms is characterized by low calorie content - 25-45 kcal per 100 g. Mushrooms are a relatively good source of B vitamins - a portion of cooked mushrooms provides 5-10% of a person's need for thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, folic acid. Unlike other plant foods, mushrooms also contain vitamin D . High potassium content (0.3-0.4%) and low sodium content - but we usually destroy this advantage of mushrooms by flavoring them with table salt. Preliminary drying of mushrooms, their grinding and heat treatment increases the availability of nutrients.

If in other countries preference is given to mushrooms grown industrial way, in conditions guaranteeing security, then in Russia many are addicted or trying to get carried away by "silent hunting". Unfortunately, there are fewer and fewer "professional" mushroom hunters, and "beginners", and especially children, are picking all kinds of mushrooms in a row.

This is what lies the first major danger of mushrooms - from several thousand species growing in our forests,not all are edible . Most of them are inedible and even poisonous.

The most famous representative of the latter, with which dozens of cases of severe poisoning are associated annually, often ending in death, is the pale grebe.

For the occurrence of poisoning, a small piece of the mushroom or only "mushroom broth" is enough.

Unfortunately, the young pale grebe "disguises" itself as many other edible mushrooms: russula, milk mushrooms, champignons, etc.

There are also poisonous mushrooms "twins" - typical representatives are false chanterelles And false mushrooms. That is why in the company of "mushroom hunters" there must be at least one experienced mushroom picker, who knows exactly which mushrooms are edible in a given area and given period of the year .

Second danger forest mushrooms associated with their biological feature - they absorb everything from the environment like a sponge. They are able to concentrate many trace elements. But if the soil contains higher concentrations of cadmium or lead, they will be concentrated by fungi, which become potentially harmful to human health. Knowit is strictly forbidden to pick mushrooms along highways- move a few hundred meters away from the highway- the probability of soil contamination in the depths of the forest is much less, which means that the mushrooms will be safe.

The third danger forest mushroomsassociated with ignorancetechnologies for the preparation of conditionally edible mushrooms - this applies to many rows, bitters, fiddlers, etc. Their use in food should be preceded by long soaking and / or double boiling, drying. Poisoning with these mushrooms is not life-threatening, but can cause health problems, especially in people with chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

And finally the fourth danger is the lack of general sanitary and hygienic skills in the processing and harvesting of mushrooms.

Collected mushrooms must be immediately sorted out, old, wormy and damaged and broken mushrooms (which cannot be identified), thoroughly clean the surface of the mushroom from all impurities. Pay special attention to impurities of the earth - spore-forming microorganisms can get with them, which will “come to life” during the subsequent canning of mushrooms.

Even after collecting the mushrooms you know, after careful sorting, cleaning and washing, it is better to boil them, drain the broth and only then use them for cooking.

Mushroom pickers need to know and perform basic rules for the safe collection and handling of mushrooms.

Basic rules of the mushroom picker.

How to recognize mushrooms, how to pick them, which ones to cook correctly in order to preserve excellent taste and aroma - these are far from idle questions that concern many mushroom pickers, especially beginners.

1. Collect only those mushrooms in the forest that you know for sure that they are edible.

2. Remember that poisonous mushrooms often grow next to edible ones and can be very similar to them.

3. Mushrooms that you do not know or that are in doubt, mushrooms whose edibility you are not sure about, should not be eaten and tasted, especially when raw.

4. Remember that even edible mushrooms can become inedible and toxic if not properly prepared and stored.

5. Never pick or eat mushrooms that are overripe, wormy or spoiled.

6. Don't eat raw mushrooms.

7. Don't believe the popular belief that poisonous mushrooms will darken bulbs or silverware when placed in a bowl of mushrooms. This is a false impression!

8. There is only one absolutely reliable way to recognize poisonous mushrooms: you need to know them.

9. Do not pick mushrooms, even if they are known to be edible, in city parks, squares, yards, as well as along automobile and railways. Mushrooms accumulate toxic substances and become unfit for food.

(!) At the first signs of poisoning, you must urgently seek medical help .

skillful picking of mushrooms is the norm of a mushroom picker

✎ What are mushroom picking rules for?

Going to " quiet hunting", you need to remember well and conscientiously observe mushroom picking rules, well, and also adhere to the rules of behavior in the forest and the elementary culture of communication with wildlife. Because it is simply necessary for the conservation of mushroom stocks and the preservation of the forest, as the most important source of sustaining life on our planet.
A significant proportion of our mushroom crops is harvested in individually and usually for personal use. Mainly engaged in the collection of mushrooms rural population and, to a lesser extent, accustomed to this - urban.
Mushroom picking starts in early spring and continues until late autumn, with a short break in the first half of June. But mushrooms do not grow everywhere where there is a forest, the main condition for their growth is warm weather without sharp fluctuations in day and night temperatures and sufficient humidity. In damp and, conversely, too dry soil, they do not grow at all or grow, but very poorly.
Successful harvesting of forest mushrooms requires experience, knowledge and skill. Often one has to observe how, having gone on a "quiet hunt" in the same area, one mushroom picker returns with a full basket, the other - only with its "covered bottom"; the first brings selected, first-class "trophies", and the second - little demanded. Of course, from mushroom picking rules it depends little, most likely - this is the result of a long-term personal experience or knowledge of the various intricacies of mushroom picking. But you still need to know the rules.

✎ What are the rules for picking mushrooms?

These rules are very simple. And it will not be difficult to read them carefully and memorize them well:

I. Golden mushroom picking rules :

• collect only familiar mushrooms,
  

  any unfamiliar, causing even the slightest doubt, or with obvious tuberous thickenings at the base of the legs, do not take, do not touch with your hands, do not try to taste and, moreover, do not eat them (this is the rule);

II. Main mushroom picking rules :

• collect young "healthy" mushrooms,
  

  and wormy, overgrown, flabby, even worse, rotten (which themselves accumulate dangerous toxic substances) in no case should you take it without exposing your taste to trouble, and your health to an unnecessary test (this is the rule);

III. Important mushroom picking rules :

• when picking mushrooms, do not damage the mycelium,
  

  so that it can produce new crops in subsequent years; for this, it is better to simply twist tubular mushrooms out of it, and cut or break lamellar and marsupials (this is the rule);

IV. First mushroom picking rules :

• having found a mushroom to look around, its "brothers" grow nearby,
  

  because almost all types of mushrooms like to live either in small friendly families or in impressive colonies (this is the rule);

v. Second mushroom picking rules :

• do not look for mushrooms in tall grass and windbreak,
  

  this is wasted strength, nerves and time, and at best it’s two mushrooms per hour (this is the rule).

VI. Third mushroom picking rules :

• collect mushrooms in a ventilated basket,
  

  because in any bucket (plastic or metal) or plastic bag - they suffocate and "burn out" very quickly (this is the rule);

VII. fourth mushroom picking rules :

• clear the extracted "trophies" from the earth and debris,
  

  and lay with hats down or sideways, while: tubular types with a leg; and in lamellar species, the legs should be cut to a length of 2-a - 3 centimeters (this is the rule);

VIII. Fifth mushroom picking rules :

• do not take more mushrooms than you need (than you can carry),
  

  because the collected "trophies" deteriorate very quickly and lose all their qualities, so they must be processed immediately upon returning from the forest (this is the rule);

IX. First:

• when collecting, do not take "baby mushrooms",
  

  in the basket, they still won’t add much, but in a day or two they will grow up and will be able to please another mushroom picker or some forest dweller(this rule is) ;

x. Second rule" good manners when picking mushrooms :

• do not trample any old mushroom,
  

  edible hang higher on a branch with a spore-bearing layer down, the wind will spread its spores for the future harvest (this is the rule);

XI. Third the rule of "good manners" when picking mushrooms :

• do not knock down any unfamiliar mushroom,
  

  and leave it to a more experienced tracker or forest dweller, it is quite possible that he will come in handy (this is the rule);

✎ How to pick mushrooms correctly?

To pick mushrooms, you need to have a basket that is well ventilated, keeping freshness. harvested mushrooms throughout their collection. And the basket should be, if possible, low and wide, in a high and narrow basket they crumple, and it is difficult to remove them from there. You should not use very soft containers to collect mushrooms, there they will also crumple, break, crumble and deteriorate prematurely. It is also not recommended to use plastic bags, plastic, metal buckets and pails. In them, the extracted "trophies" will suffocate and quickly become unusable. And therefore, you can only use a wicker (and preferably willow) basket. And the harvested crop should be laid in it with the hats down (or sideways), cutting off with a knife a part of the leg, which is contaminated with the remnants of the earth and debris from the mycelium.
Most best time for collecting forest mushrooms - early morning hours, because mushrooms (which, as a rule, grow mainly at night), collected in the morning, will be fresh and dense, which means they are resistant to their transportation and subsequent storage.
And the mushroom picking technique itself requires rational methods that should protect the mycelium from damage, ensuring mushroom crops for subsequent years. And it is unacceptable, for example, to pull mushroom fruits out of the soil, since this significantly damages the mycelium and its subsequent growth in this place often stops. It is recommended to cut off the leg of the fetus with a knife, but the truth is that an open lacerated wound always forms, which easily perceives any infection and may well cause rotting of the mycelium. Least of all, the mycelium is damaged if the mushroom is twisted out of it. To do this, it must be rotated around its axis until it freely separates from the mycelium. And the hole remaining after this should be slightly dug or slightly trampled.

And I would especially like to note one more very important point:

If you find a pale grebe in the forest, then destroy it - trample it and loosen the soil in a circle with a stick so that the wind cannot spread its spores. Pale grebe - the most dangerous mushroom in the forest, which by its presence is able to poison everything around within reach - any mushrooms, berries and herbs!..

It is this opinion that often exists on the Internet, and it is this call that can be heard from many authors. What would you like to say about this:

... here's what you definitely shouldn't do, so this - exactly this ...

Just walk by and don't pick anything nearby at all: neither mushrooms, nor berries, nor flowers. Next - it's one and a half or two meters from it. Most likely, in the vicinity of a growing pale grebe, everything will be poisoned by its spores.
And if you try to trample it, then there is a high probability of bringing home its remains along with its spores on your shoes. The pale grebe does not forgive its offenders and, on the contrary, it is quite loyal to literate and "polite" mushroom pickers.

✎ Findings and Conclusions

In nature, everything is balanced and there is nothing superfluous. And even such a "muck" as a pale grebe, because it is also needed for something! She cripples someone, and probably heals someone.
If we recall, for example, the mass extermination of sparrows in China (as crop pests), and then. what did it lead to? But only to the fact that the entire crop immediately began to devour the locust. It will also be in this case. Immediately, another, no less dangerous rubbish will appear, which will immediately begin to mercilessly destroy all life around. And as they say: "a holy place - there is no empty place!"
So, if you discard all prejudices and observe simple rules picking mushrooms, then this process will become not just a tedious harvesting operation, but a welcome exciting activity that gives you the opportunity to get to know and love your native nature better.