The subject image of the letter y. Formation of a visual-motor image of a letter in the student's memory
TECHNIQUES FOR FORMING A GRAPHIC IMAGE OF A LETTER
IN CHILDREN WITH STD AND IMPAIRMENT OF INTELLIGENCE
Low level cognitive activity, immaturity of motivation to learning activities, reduced efficiency in receiving and processing information, limited fragmentary knowledge and ideas about the world around, insufficient formation of mental operations, lag in speech development with the preservation of the analyzers necessary for the favorable formation of speech in children with a delay mental development and intellectual impairment require a non-standard approach from the teacher in explaining and consolidating educational material. The multiple repetition of information when exposed to various analyzers and channels of perception give positive results.
1. Using a sandograph
Equipment: sandograph
a) On the wet sand, the teacher draws the letter being studied with his finger. The child is invited to follow the path in the form of a drawn letter with a finger or a small toy. Next, the child writes a letter on his own. (This exercise is especially effective for children with impaired fine motor skills, cerebral palsy with partial paralysis of the arms, cuts, uncontrolled stereotyped movements)
b) On dry sand on a backlit glass panel, the teacher writes a letter and invites the child to “walk” with his finger along the luminous path. Then the child copies the studied letter, later writes on his own or with the help of a teacher.
2. Using LED glass maker
O 
Equipment: LED glass printer, fluorescent markers, substrate with a sample of the letter under study
A sample of the letter is attached to the LED glassgraph. The light corresponding to the psycho-emotional and somatic state of the child is selected. The teacher writes the letter being studied with a marker on the glass, then the child is invited to write on his own given letter.
3. Using a math tablet
O 
equipment: math tablet, rubber bands
On a mathematical tablet, a teacher constructs a letter with the help of bank rubber bands. Next, the child follows the model, and then independently constructs a letter.
4. Using the tablet "Mobile application"
Equipment: "Mobile application" tablet, adhesive tape of red and of blue color
On the tablet, the teacher lays out a letter from red stripes (for vowels), or from blue stripes (for consonants) and asks the child to repeat.
5. Using a lacing tablet
Equipment: personal lacing tablet (A-4 rattan), bright cords, a set of learned letters
a) The teacher “embroiders” the image of the letter with cords and asks the child to repeat.
b) The teacher asks the child to perform “embroidery” according to the instructions ( 5 steps up, 3 steps to the right, etc.) Next, the child compares the image obtained on the tablet with the studied letters and names the one that he got.
6. Using the LEGO constructor
Equipment: LEGO constructor, a set of learned letters
a) The teacher collects the image of the letter from the constructor and asks the child to repeat.
b) The teacher asks the child to complete the construction according to the instructions ( 5 large blocks to connect with, 3 small ones with a turn to the right, etc.) Next, the child compares the image obtained during construction with the studied letters and names the one that he got.
7. Using a paper constructor
Equipment: paper constructor, studied letter
The child is invited to consider the letter, “take a picture” with his eyes, close his eyes, imagine the image of the letter, consider the details of the constructor:
a) independently assemble the letter;
b) collect with the help of a teacher;
c) assemble by applying parts of the designer to the sample
8. Using plasticine
Equipment: glass “notebook” (A-4 format, glass thickness No. 3, preferably with a line), plasticine, a substrate with a letter image, an A-4 modeling board
The child is invited to roll up "threads" from plasticine and lay out the letter on the substrate according to the pattern (particularly effective for capitalization)
9. Using various items
Equipment: glass pebbles for an aquarium, fruit models
The child is invited to lay out the studied letter from the proposed objects.
10. Using push pins
Equipment: multi-colored pushpins, smooth styrofoam tiles (A-4 format)
An image of a letter is applied to the tile and the child is invited to “draw” it with buttons,
11. With the help of thread writing
Equipment: velvet paper screen (A-4 format), woolen threads different colors
The teacher demonstrates a sample of a letter "written" with a thread or threads on the screen. (Children are surprised to see that an ordinary thread without glue does not fall) Next, the child is asked to “write” a letter.
12. Using letter patterns
Equipment: fabric bag, letter models
The child is offered
a) with both hands, feel for the letter in the “magic” bag and determine what kind of letter it is
b) with one hand, feel for the letter in the “magic” bag and determine what kind of letter it is.
13. Using matches or counting sticks
Equipment: matches, counting sticks
The child is invited to follow the model or independently lay out a letter from matches or counting sticks.
14. With the help of the body
The teacher shows how a letter can be depicted with the help of the body. Next, the child is invited to depict the letter himself.
The proposed techniques allow not only to form the graphomotor skills of children of this category, but also to correct the fine motor skills of the hands, articulatory and graphomotor coordination disorders (calligraphy violation), visual-spatial disorders, instability of the graphic image of numbers and letters, prevent mirroring and rearranging them when reading. and writing, orientation difficulties within the notebook sheet, violations of the sound-letter analysis and sound structure of words, difficulties in mastering the logical-grammatical structures of the language, limited vocabulary, violations of visual, auditory functions, difficulties in concentration and distribution of attention.
Find a letter
Equipment: a set of letters (printed, handwritten).
The teacher randomly arranges letters on the typesetting canvas (each of them can occur several times). Children are invited to count how many times this or that letter named by the teacher occurs on the board.
The winner is the one who gave the most correct answers throughout the game.
Fold the letters
Equipment: each student has an envelope with several (three to five) letter elements cut out of cardboard.
The teacher invites the students to get the letter elements from the envelope. Of these, you need to add two letters so that there are no extra elements left. The first person to complete the task correctly wins.
Letter sorting
Equipment: each student has three or four pairs of letters on the desk (handwritten and printed), pasted or written one at a time on a card.
The teacher invites students to arrange all the letters in three or four columns so that one column contains the same letter in different spellings. The winner is the one who first correctly decomposes all the letters.
Equipment: a piece of chalk.
The facilitator invites the children to “walk” the alphabet, naming one letter in order for each step. At the first mistake, the player is out of the game, and how far he has advanced is fixed by a chalk mark on the floor. The winner is the one who can "walk" the entire alphabet without errors.
Who is more accurate?
Equipment: set of letters.
The teacher calls one team representative at a time and offers them an arbitrary set of five letters, which they must arrange alphabetically as quickly and accurately as possible. Then the second pair of players is called, they are also offered sets of letters, etc. The winning team is determined by the sum of the results.
Let's help the animals
Equipment: pictures depicting animals with captions.
The teacher says: “Animals gathered in the forest, they decided to arrange a concert. Everyone wanted to be first. The animals began to argue. The monkey suggested speaking in alphabetical order. And all the animals agreed. But only they did not know the alphabet. Can we help them guys?
Children take turns going to the blackboard and putting pictures with the name of the animal in alphabetical order on the typesetting canvas. If the student made a mistake, he receives a penalty token, which he must return the next day, telling the alphabet.
Sample material: elephant, lion, tiger, monkey, cheetah, wolf, giraffe, bear, squirrel, hare, wild boar, porcupine, raccoon, panther, hedgehog, rhinoceros, lynx, jackal, polecat, antelope, etc.
Who is behind whom?
Equipment: set of letters.
Each student, naming his last name, determines what letter it begins with and takes the corresponding letter from the set. If there are two surnames with the same first letter, the teacher helps to determine whose surname will be the first. When all the students take the cards, the teacher invites them to line up in alphabetical order.
Those students who incorrectly determined their place in the line pay a fant.
Library
Equipment: two to four stacks of books, depending on the number of teams playing.
Each team leader gives the same number of books and offers to arrange them so that the names of their authors are arranged alphabetically.
Completion of the task is checked collectively. The first team to complete the task without errors wins.
Pick a letter
Equipment: subject pictures, individual sets of letters.
Two teams are playing. Each player has a set of letters. The teacher shows the picture, the children raise the letter with which the name of the picture begins.
At the end of the game, the results are summed up. The team with the fewest mistakes wins.
- 1- th option. The teacher shows the letter, and the children from the existing individual set of subject pictures show the one whose name begins with the shown letter.
- 2- th option. The teacher shows the letter, and the children whose names begin with this letter stand up.
Equipment: subject pictures (beetle, lion, catfish, cat, wasp, cancer), set of letters (g, s, e, k, k, k, p, c, o, a, t, a, a, l, y, e, m, o, about).
The game involves 2-6 children. Before the start of the game, the pictures are equally distributed among the players, the letters are placed in a bag (box) and mixed. Players take turns drawing letters from the bag. If the letter taken out of the bag is not in the word, it is put back into the bag, and the next participant enters the game.
The winner is the one who first made up the names of all his pictures from the letters.
Typesetters
Equipment: each student has a set of letters.
The teacher calls the letters in disorder, the children determine which word can be made up of them and lay it out. For the correctly laid out word, the student receives a point (chip). Whoever has the most points at the end of the game wins.
Where did we come?
Equipment: subject pictures, schematic drawing of zoo gates.
Subject pictures are exhibited on the typesetting canvas: zebra, perch, wasp, penguin, stork, lynx, crocodile. A gate is drawn on the board, the upper part of which is divided into cells (according to the number of letters in the word zoo).
Children determine the first sound in each word-name of a subject picture, find the letter corresponding to it, enter it in the cells and read the resulting word.
Guess the item
Equipment: a set of subject pictures, on the back of which the first letter of the word-name of this subject is written. The remaining letters of the word are indicated by dots.
Before the game begins, the pictures are attached to the board so that the children see only the unfinished words. From each row, students one by one go to the board and complete the words. The pictures are then flipped. If the word matches the name of the picture, the student takes it.
The row with the most pictures wins.
through letter
Equipment: each child has cards with partially written words.
The teacher invites the children to write the necessary letters on the cards so that they get words, for example:
to 0 * k k k k 0 k k k k 0 to to to to to to? k k k k
Five children who are the first to correctly complete the task win the game.
letter relay
The class is divided into several groups of four people each. For each group, the teacher calls the first letter of the word. The first student of the group writes down a letter and writes another one, then passes the sheet to a friend, he writes another letter, etc. The result should be a word.
The first group to spell the word correctly wins.
Lost and found table
Equipment: subject pictures with pockets. They contain cards with the name of the item shown in the picture, but each word is missing one letter (for example, teag* instead of tiger etc.); set of letters.
The teacher shows the children pictures with captions and says that some letters in the words are lost. You need to restore the correct signature. To do this, you need to contact the "lost and found", where all the lost things fall. Children take turns going to the blackboard, calling the picture, identifying the missing letter in the signature, taking it from the "lost and found" table and putting it in its place.
The correct answer is rewarded with a chip.
What animals hid in the suitcases?
Equipment: a piece of chalk.
On the board, the teacher performs schematic drawings of suitcases, which show the letters:
o, k, a, k, w a, m, w, a, k e, y, t, p, x, etc.
The one who gives the correct answer the fastest wins.
Fill in the blanks
Equipment: cards with words, chalk.
The teacher writes a few words on small cards in advance and puts them on the table so that the children cannot read what is written. He writes the same words on the board, but skips some of the letters, for example:
r-k-t- and others.
Children are invited to guess what words the teacher intended, to restore the missing letters and compare them with those written on the cards. The winner is the one who correctly guesses the conceived word (words).
Help Dunno
Equipment: letter sets.
Letters on the board:
a, i, h, m a, m, m, a c, l, o, k, etc.
The teacher says: “The dunno was called to the blackboard and offered to make words out of these letters. Dunno thought for a long time, but did not come up with anything. Come on, kids, help him. Who will make the first word? ... "
Living letters
Equipment: set of letters.
- 1- th option. Each row of students is given a set of letters - one letter for each child. The teacher says the word. Children stand in a line so that they get a word from the letters that they hold in their hands.
- 2- th option. The teacher gives cards with letters to each row, without naming a word. The children of each row must independently determine what the word is and line up the appropriate line.
Change the word
Equipment: letter sets.
One of the children puts on the board the word proposed by the teacher, for example, crayfish. After that, the children are invited to guess how it is possible, by changing only one letter, to get a new word. Each new variant found is laid out on the board, and its author is encouraged with a token.
The winner is the one who offers the last option to change the word.
Pick a couple
Equipment: a set of cards with words written on them for each of the players.
The teacher invites the children to make pairs of words from the available cards so that in each pair one word differs from the other by one letter. The first five students to pick up a pair of words win.
Sample material: steam - park, cat - mole, rose - thunderstorm, mouth - mole, bough - knock, lump - food, helmet - paint, hall - called, bream - ticks, boron - borscht, snakes - puddles, snakes - dinner, duck - joke, crane - screen, paw - lamp, mustache - beads, os - braid, forty - forty, table - trunk, so - tank, dream - elephant, rubbish - dispute, gave - waited.
movable letters
Equipment: cards with words and a set of letters for each student.
Each student receives a card with a word printed on it and the letters that make up that word. You must first lay out the letters of the word printed on the card, and then rearrange the letters so that a new word is obtained. The five students who complete the task first win.
Sample material: linden - saw, cat - current, nose - sleep, paw, stick, early - hole, lighthouse - hole, carp - park, brand - frame, fist - doll, forest - sat down, cat - who.
What changed?
Equipment: set of letters.
The teacher lays out on the typesetting canvas a word from the letters of the split alphabet. Children read it, then close their eyes, and the teacher changes the word by adding or removing letters. Opening their eyes, the children read the word and determine what has changed.
The winner is the one who first correctly announces the changes that have occurred.
Sample material: barrel - night - point; turnip - modeling - cap, hat - folder - foot; hand - pen; couple - school desk; bear - bowl; city - peas.
What did the artist get wrong?
Equipment: cards with words and subject pictures: for example, under the word " bun» a squirrel is drawn, then, respectively: "cat"- whale; "slide"- mink, "mouse"- bear; "puddles"- skis; " gates" - crow.
The teacher says that the artist was given cards with words and asked to draw pictures under the words. But ... he was an artist a little boy- he drew very well, but he had not yet learned to read correctly. The children are invited to determine what mistakes the artist made.
Children take turns calling pictures, reading a word under it, indicating an error, looking for a card with the right word by spelling out a couple of words.
Option. A competition can be arranged between the rows of students, then points are scored for the correct answer.
- Stepanova
Sections: Primary School
Class: 1
Goals:
- to acquaint children with the sound and object images of the letter “Z”, to achieve a clear difference between the image of sound and the image of the letter;
- enrich the student's vocabulary;
- develop logical thinking ability to compare, observe, draw conclusions;
- develop memory, attention, creativity, fine motor skills hands;
- practice reading whole words; develop conceptual thinking when comparing objects (phenomena) by their location relative to each other in time: month (January - January, etc., year and season (winter - winter, etc.);
- pay attention to rest in the lesson (outdoor games, a walk, etc.).
Equipment:"Primer" edited by A. F. Malyshevsky, albums, paints, gouache, colored pencils, felt-tip pens, natural material, designers, plasticine; a set of pictures for the game “When does it happen?”, an image of Cinderella; various items starting with the letter “Z”; bunny, snake - soft toys; cubes with letters; individual magnetic boards; cool split cash register of letters (on magnets).
DURING THE CLASSES
I. Organization of the class.
U: Guys, today we continue our journey into the world of Knowledge. On the way we will have many difficulties, so we need to be very careful. Raise your hand those who are ready to cope with all the difficulties. (All raise their hands.)
Well done! Then go!
II. Introductory moment.
U. What date is it today?
Q: What season ends?
D: Autumn is coming to an end, there are 2 days left.
W: What autumn months you know?
D: September, October, November.
T: Remember what interesting things you had in September.
D: In September we went to school.
W: And in October?
D: My birthday was in October...
W: In November?
D: In November, the first snow fell ...
T: What time of year will be after autumn?
D: After autumn is coming winter.
T: Let's play the game "When does it happen?"
(Children go to the carpet where the pictures are laid out.)
Listen to the riddle and say when it happens:
I bring the harvest
I sow the fields again
Sending birds to the south
I undress the trees
But I don't touch the pines and
Fir-trees. I…
T: Take pictures that depict what happened in the fall.
(Children find, show and tell)
D: We harvest in autumn. Leaves turn yellow and fall in autumn.
In autumn, birds gather in flocks and fly away to warmer climes.
I have a lot to do -
I am a white blanket
I cover all the earth
I clean the ice of the river,
I whitewash fields, houses,
My name is …
(Children also find pictures of winter and reveal what happens in winter.)
D: In winter, snow falls, everything around is white.
In winter we go skating, skiing, sledding.
In winter we make a snowman...
Q: How has nature changed with the approach of winter?
(We go to the window.)
D: The trees are bare. There is snow all around. It's very cold today, very cold. No birds are heard.
The snowmen have arrived...
U: Guys, let's sing a song about winter. To the soundtrack, the children sing the song “Zimushka, Zimushka. ”
III. The sound image of the letter "Z". Speaking a tongue twister.
Frost on a winter morning
Birch trees are ringing at dawn.
T: Let's talk together and listen to which sound is pronounced more often.
D: The sound is repeated (S)
(Say again, highlighting the sound (Z))
Frost on a winter morning
On the zzar the birch trees will chime.
U: In what words do we hear the sound (Z).
D: Zzzimnim - at the beginning of the word,
From frost - at the end of the word,
On zzzare - at the beginning of the word,
Ringing - at the beginning of the word,
Berezzzy - at the end of the word.
T: Let's say the tongue twister quietly, loudly. (children read)
U: Say a tongue twister, as if a bear, a bunny, a fox would say it.
IV. The subject image of the letter "Z".
U: What letter represents the sound (Z)?
D: The letter "Z".
Q: What does the letter “Z” look like?
D: Number 3.
U: Look at this letter:
It's just like the number 3 three. (Children show the picture of the number 3 on the board).
D: On the snake, which lay down and depicted the letter "Z".
(They consider a snake - a soft toy).
U: - The letter “Z” looks like a snake,
Take a look at her!
- "Z" is not just a curl,
"Z" spring, pretzel, shavings.
V. Artistic and visual activity.
U: Guys, sit down at your tables, open the albums and draw what the letter “Z” looks like and prepare a story about your image.
(children draw with paints, gouache, colored pencils, felt-tip pens - if desired)
After listening to the stories, the children lay out the letter “Z” from natural material, construct it from the constructor, mold it from plasticine, etc.
W: Look at the different letters you got, but they are all recognizable. Now print the letter "Z" in your notebooks.
U: Olya, how many letters did you type?
Olya: I typed 15 letters.
U: How many letters does Dima have?
Dima: I typed 12 letters.
U: Guys, how many more letters did Olya type than Dima?
D: Olya typed 3 letters more.
W: Well done.
VI. The letter "Z" as the name of the subject.
T: We have guests today. Solve the riddle and find out.
She is beautiful and sweet
And her name is from the word "ash".
D: This is Cinderella. (They print this word CINDERELLA in a notebook).
T: Why do you think Cinderella came to visit us?
D: Her name starts with the letter Z.
W: Which Cinderella? (They look at the image of Cinderella, remember the fairy tale.)
D: She is beautiful, hardworking, kind, handicraft.
W: Cinderella came to us not alone, but with her friends.
The inhabitant of the forest is nimble,
Cut off a cabbage leaf.
His eyelashes are trembling.
- Is there a fox somewhere?
D: It's a bunny.
(Children print in notebooks BUNNY, and on a magnetic board.)
Q: What sound do we hear at the beginning of a word?
D: Sound (Z).
Q: What is the letter for this sound?
D: The letter "Z".
T: Find a bunny among our toys.
What is he?
(Children look at it).
D: He is fluffy, long-eared, handsome, kind, cowardly, funny, oblique, soft, bright.
T: In what fairy tales did you read about a bunny?
D: In the fairy tales "Kolobok", "Teremok", "Zaikin's hut" ...
U: Let's show the fairy tale "Zaikin's hut" for our guests. Let's remember this story. (Children tell) what animals are involved in this fairy tale?
D: Fox, hare, bear, wolf, rooster.
(The intonation with which the children will portray their hero is negotiated: the bear is a rough voice; the fox is cunning; hare is cowardly; rooster - vociferous)
The fairy tale is staged with the help of puppets - puppet show. Children are welcome to participate.
W: Well done guys! Cinderella and the Bunny liked your fairy tale very much. Look, the bunny has a note in his pocket. She is for you. It's a mystery. Let's read it. (A well-read child reads)
The grain crumbled by night.
Looked in the morning - there is nothing.
D: These are the stars. (Children type the word STAR in a notebook.)
Q: What are the stars?
D: They are bright, shiny, small, distant, magical, ...
U: We also have stars in our room, you just have to look for them.
(Children search, consider after finding)
U: Let's say the word of the star again and listen to the first sound.
D: Zzzzzzzz. At the beginning of the word sound (З) and in the middle of the sound (З).
T: Count the stars.
D: One, two, three.
Q: How many stars did you find?
D: We found three stars.
W: Compare them. Which star is missing.
D: Two stars have four - 4 rays, and the third - 5.
U: How many more rays does the third star have?
D: One beam more.
W: Something is written on one star. Let's read.
(The riddle is read by a well-read child)
All my life I walk in a vest,
But without boots and without a cap.
D: It's a zebra. (The word ZEBRA is printed in a notebook)
T: Listen, what sound do we hear at the beginning of a word?
D: Zzzebra. Sound (Z).
U: What letter denotes the sound (З).
D: The letter "Z".
W: What zebra?
D: Zebra striped, fast, beautiful ...
Q: Where can you see a zebra?
D: We can see a zebra at the zoo (They print ZOO in a notebook).
T: Say the word “zoo” again. What is the first sound?
D: Zzzopark. Sound (З), it is denoted by the letter "З".
U: So we are going to the zoo together with Kiryushka.
Sit down at the tables and look at the drawings, make up a story based on them so that there are words with the letter “Z”.
Group work.
Group I - the story "Tic-Tac-Toe" (about a zebra).
Group II - the story "Misidentified" (about a walrus). See Attachment
Group III - the story "The crocodile was offended" (about the teeth).
IV group - the story "Sobezyannichala" (about a monkey).
Children in their groups look at the pictures, prepare a story and one student tells. The rest of the children listen and name the words in which they heard the sound (Z.)
W: Well done guys! Your stories are very interesting. There are a lot of animals in the zoo. Now we will hold the relay race of animals.
MOBILE GAME “ANIMAL RELAY”
Students are divided into 4 equal teams. The players take the names of animals: “Bear”, “Hare”, “Fox”, “Wolf”, “Squirrel”, etc.
The teacher loudly summons any animal. Players run forward to the indicated place. Whoever comes running first gets a point.
The game is summed up.
VII. Work on the "Primer" (pp. 119-120)
W: We found a lot of words that start with the letter Z. But there are still words in the Primer. Open textbooks and read riddles.
(Children open textbooks on pp. 119-120. Reading children read riddles, the rest guess.)
U: How many riddles are on page 119.
D: three riddles.
U: How many riddles are on page 120.
D: Two riddles.
W: Where there are more mysteries.
D: More on page 119, left page.
W: How much more?
D: One more riddle.
U: Look at the painted strawberries.
How many berries are on the branch on the left?
D: On the left is one berry.
U: How many berries are on the right?
D: There are two berries on the right.
W: How many?
D: Only three berries.
W: How did you get three?
D: Two and one more, there will be three berries.
VIII. SUMMARY OF THE LESSON.
What letter are we talking about?
What characters from fairy tales did you meet?
Well done boys! You worked hard and learned a lot.
Illustrations
Topic: "The sound and object image of the letter Yu."
Objectives: to consolidate knowledge about the letter Yu;
enrich vocabulary;
develop thinking, memory, attention;
promote the development of creative activity, intonation of speech;
reinforce the ability to work independently.
Equipment: cat toy, bag, cards - tables, cut letters
ABCs, handouts - cards.
1. Emotional mood.
Ok, ok, ok, the lesson begins.
Mi-mi-mi-mi - quickly raise your hand.
Vet-vet-vet-vet - you answer my question
It-it-it-it - is it good to live together?
2. The sound image of the letter.
Listen to the poem and try to determine which sound is most common.
Julia, Yulenka, Yula,
Yulia was nimble.
Sit in place Yulka
I couldn't for a minute.
3. Phonetic charging.
How does Yula sing?
(Yu-yu-yu-yu-yu-yu-yu.)
4. Consolidation of knowledge about the letter Yu (sound image).
Who guessed which old friend will come to our lesson?
(This is the letter Y.)
5. Object image of the letter Yu.
Remember the poem about the letter.
(So that O does not roll away
I'll nail it firmly to the post.
Oh look,
What happened?
It turned out ... the letter Yu.)
And who remembers what the letter U looks like?
Children write letters on the board.
6. Reading words from the board.
On the magnetic board:
La class. in la.
Ra shl. pka yes.
N. rasal. t know.
L. yes br. ki dream.
The teacher looks for the letters on the magnets and does not find them.
Someone scratches at the door and meows.
Who is that behind the door?
The teacher brings in a toy (cat) and introduces the children to the cat Bayusha.
He has a bag. The teacher takes a letter out of the bag and reads the message.
from Baba Yaga:
I took the letters from you
For myself, I'm in reserve.
If you need them -
Here are my assignments.
Cope with the tasks - then I will return the letters.
1- task. Say a word.
Spinning on one leg
Carefree, cheerful.
In a colorful skirt, a dancer,
Musical. . . whirligig
Pigs love the letter U.
Can't tell without her. . . oink.
On the forest glade
On a clear day in June
Crybaby near babysitter
Dissolves. . . nurses.
Does the letter Yu have friends in the class?
Julia is reading a poem.
I made a skirt for a doll
I'll hide a new jacket.
The doll says to me: "Mom."
So I sew for my daughter.
2- task. Selection of words.
This is not an easy bag. You must collect here the words with the letter U.
If the bag is full, then maybe I will return the letters to you.
Cat Bayusha "collects" words in a bag.
7. Physical education "Guess".
One by one, the students come to the board and show the movements.
Children repeat the movements and complete the sentences.
I sing. I say.
I'm drawing. I think.
I am sleeping. I fly.
I catch. I sew.
8. Reading (intonation).
My cat Bayusha is visiting you. But I, Baba Yaga, do not always call him that.
Now you will read what I call it. Be sure to think I
I speak affectionately, but where I am angry with him.
Children receive leaflets with the words written:
Kot Bayun, Kotok Bayunok, Kotish Bayunishche, Kotok Bayunochek,
Kitten Bayunotik, Kotofey Bayufey, Kotyara Bayunyar, Kitten Bayunotenka.
3 - task. intoned reading.
9. Determining the place of sound in words.
4 - task.
The cat wants to help the children. He offers to sing his favorite song so that the guys hear the sound of Yu better.
I sing yu-yu-yu
My song.
I sing yu-yu-yu
Cheerful, good, my favorite yu-yu-yu, yu-yu-yu.
Now I'm reading the words, and if you hear a sound at the beginning of the word - clap your hands, in the middle of the word - hands with a house, and at the end of the word - stomp.
South, whirligig, Nyura, duchesse, jeweler, cabin boy, endure, sleep, people, Yura, salute, hook, young man, sew, tulip, hatch.
10. The letters are returned to the guys.
Using these letters, children read the words on the magnetic board.
11. Work with the textbook.
a) view the textbook page
b) exercise "Sharp hunter": who will quickly count the words with the letter U in 1 - text,
c) reading texts of choice.
12. Sculpting the letter Yu.
Sculpt the letter Yu and come up with a story about it.
What was the main letter today?
What did you find out about her?
Thank you for your work. I tell you: "Well done!" And you turn to each other and say, too: "Well done!"
Summary: What is a letter? Letters and sounds. Vowels and consonants. Several games for memorizing the spelling of letters. Games for identifying sounds in words. The game is to come up with a word for a given letter. We learn to distinguish letters that are similar in spelling. A game to identify letters by sound. Online Games with letters.
Before you start playing with your child, let's figure out what a letter is. A letter is a combination of graphic elements (vertical, horizontal, diagonal lines, circles and semicircles); the letter stands for the sound of speech (what we say). Hence the two main tasks that adults face:
To teach a child to recognize and correctly name letters as combinations of different elements;
To teach the child to correlate this combination of elements with the sounds of speech.
There are 33 letters in Russian, only 31 of them denote sounds (b and b do not represent sounds). The letters and sounds of the Russian language are divided into vowels and consonants.
There are only 6 vowels. These are A, O, U, E, S, I. And there are 10 vowels: A, O, U, E, S, I listed above, and 4 more "insidious" letters - I, Yu , E, E. These special letters denote two sounds at once, if they are at the beginning of a word, or after another vowel. So, the letter I \u003d YA (in the word YAMA or MY, for example), the letter YU \u003d YU (in the words YULA or SKIRT), the letter E \u003d YE (EL or EGOR), and the letter YO \u003d YO (Christmas Tree, Hedgehog). And after consonants, these letters represent other sounds. So, I \u003d A (in the word BALL, for example), Yu \u003d U (in the word HATCH, for example), E \u003d E (FORD or SUMMER), and E \u003d O (HONY or ICE).
Vowels following a consonant can make it sound hard or soft. The letters A, O, U, Y, E give firmness to the previous consonant sound. The softness of the previous consonant sound is indicated by the letters I, E, E, Yu, Ya. For example, in the word LUK, the sound L is hard, and in the word LUK, the sound L is soft .
Each letter has a name fixed in the alphabet. The names of the consonants do not match the pronunciation of the sounds they represent. For example, the letter K is called "KA", it can mean hard sound K (in the word CAT, for example) and soft sound K" (in the word KIT, for example).
The question arises. How to teach a child to name letters: as in the alphabet or simply - with the sounds that they represent? Is it worth explaining to a child the features of Russian phonetics?
You need to understand that the basis of learning to read is not a letter, but a sound. Imagine that a child has learned the letters "correctly", that is, as they are usually called in the alphabet (BE, VE, EN, etc.). Then, when naming letters, he will name two sounds B and E, V and E, E and N. This will make it difficult to merge sounds when reading syllables, as a result of which letter-by-letter reading will be formed. Instead of MA-MA, the child will get "eMA-eMA." Reading some polysyllabic words will become completely inaccessible to the child. Such words will not be read, but will be guessed by him, like puzzles. For example, the baby will read the word "postcard" as "o-te-ka-er-s-te-ka-a". It is not surprising that the meaning of a word or sentence when read letter by letter will very often be incomprehensible to the baby. In general, this way of memorizing letters complicates and lengthens the path from syllable-by-syllable reading to reading whole words. Thus, it becomes obvious that it is more correct for the child to name consonants in a simplified way, as we call the hard consonant sound that they stand for. Not "EM", but "M", not "PE", but "P", not "XA", but "X".
This way of teaching letters does not mean at all that the child should not know that a letter and sound are different concepts, that a consonant letter can mean two sounds - hard and soft. But it is not for nothing that all these concepts are included in the literacy curriculum in the first grade: for their assimilation, sufficiently mature functions of thinking are needed - analysis, synthesis, generalization, abstraction. And baby preschool age owns these mental operations only on elementary level. The time will come and your baby will acquire knowledge of the phonetics of the language, learn the names of letters alphabetically. In the meantime, he can learn to read without this knowledge.
Another very important question. In what sequence is it easier for a preschooler to learn letters? If you are not guided by the sequence of letters in any particular "ABC" or "Primer", try to take into account the following points for the first time.
First, study the vowels A, O, U with your child.
After a while, add the letters I, Y to the exercises.
Start learning consonants from those that the child pronounces well (no need to choose for elementary school L and R, for example).
First, you need to introduce into the game the letters that are most often found in Russian speech (you should not start with C or SC), the simplest in outline (you do not need to memorize D, F, 3 first) and sharply different graphically, for example: N, S, P , TO.
B and C, R and F, G and T should not be entered in a row - they are easy to confuse.
While playing, try to teach the child to hear the sounds of speech, to distinguish them from words, to recognize the appearance of letters, to compare letters with each other in appearance and sound. The more exciting the classes with letters, the faster the child’s interest in learning will form, the more significant will be his success in mastering reading.
Merry Mosaic
Goal: memorize letters, learn to make them from a mosaic, develop fine motor skills.
Age: from 4 years old.
What you will need: a mosaic of any type ("carnations", "buttons", "caps", "chips"), the corresponding type-setting canvas for the mosaic.
How to play?
Invite the child to lay out from the mosaic the letter that your joint efforts are currently focusing on memorizing. You can offer to lay out a letter of a given color (based on the capabilities of the mosaic), a given size (large or small), copy a letter from a sample that you make yourself, make a letter larger or smaller than yours.
Note! It is easier to lay out letters from a mosaic, which consist only of vertical and horizontal lines. Therefore, the letters H, E, G, P, T, C, W, W are recommended for composing from a mosaic, first of all. The next in terms of complexity are letters containing oblique lines, for example, U, K, X, A, L, D , F, M, I. And the most difficult to lay out from the mosaic are letters, which include elements of a circle / semicircle (O, C, V, F, E, R, Yu, B, I, H, 3, b, b).
Options:
Invite the child to turn the letters from one to another, adding additional details to the mosaic, removing unnecessary or moving the necessary details. It will be interesting to turn A into L and vice versa, T into G and vice versa, E into E and vice versa, Y into X and vice versa, P into H or I and vice versa, U into W or C and vice versa.
Lay out a letter sample from the mosaic, let the child carefully examine it and remember it. Close the sample. Invite the child to lay out the same letter from memory. When the child completes the task, open the sample. Let the child compare his letter with the sample and correct the mistakes on his own if he made them.
Plasticine constructor
Goal: memorize letters, learn to sculpt letters from plasticine, develop fine motor skills.
Age: from 4 years old.
What you will need: a set of plasticine (make sure the plasticine is elastic, not hard or brittle), a modeling board, a stack, or a disposable plastic knife.
How to play?
Together with your child, make sausages of approximately the same thickness and length from plasticine. You will need 8 of these sausages. Divide 2 sausages (cut) in a stack in half. Divide the other 2 sausages into 3 pieces each. From the 4 remaining sausages, make rings, fastening their edges. Divide 2 rings in a stack in half so that semicircles are obtained. Thus, you have a set of parts for composing any letter of the Russian alphabet. Now the child can make letters according to your pattern or according to his own idea.
Note! If your child does not yet have the skill of working with plasticine, first teach him the basic techniques for working with this material: practice kneading plasticine, rolling, stretching, and connecting parts.
Options:
You can diversify the game with a plasticine constructor using plasticine of different colors. Make the same sets of parts 2-4 colors. Make a letter out of parts of different colors. Check if there are still parts of the appropriate colors and sizes left to complete the same letter. Ask the child to remember the letter, close the sample (with a box or napkin), invite the child to lay out exactly the same letter.
Works made from plasticine constructor can be gifts for your baby's relatives and friends. To do this, together with the child, lay out the first letter of the name of the person to whom the gift will be intended, attach it to bright cardboard, decorate with a stack (draw dashes, cells, dots, wavy lines on it) or attach small pebbles, beads, plant seeds to the letter , groats.
magic wands
Goal: memorize letters, learn to lay out letters from sticks, learn to transform letters.
Age: from 4 years old.
What you need: Counting sticks.
How to play?
The easiest way is to lay out letters from sticks according to a pattern or without a pattern (according to representation). When the child learns to lay out the letters from the sticks on his own, you can move on to a more difficult level of the game. For example, make a figure out of sticks that resembles a door.
Ask the child to remove 2 sticks so that the letter P is obtained, then restore the figure, ask the child to remove 2 sticks again, but in such a way that the letter H is obtained. Children like this game, they feel like "wizards". Do not forget to play along with your child so that he gets the most out of the tasks.
Next time, from the "Door" figure, invite the child to make other letters: remove 1 stick so that the letter B is obtained; remove 2 sticks so that the letter E is obtained; remove 2 sticks so that the letter R is obtained; remove 4 sticks so that the letter G is obtained.
Magical transformations can also occur with another figure, it resembles a window.
The following letters can be made from this magic figure: the letter F (if you remove 4 sticks), the letter Y (if you remove 3 sticks), the letter Sh (if you remove 4 sticks).
Options:
Invite the child to complete a chain of transformations of letters made up of "magic" wands: from the letter B to make the letter b; from the letter b to make the letter B; from the letter B to make the letter R; from the letter R to make F, and from the letter F to make Y.
smart cubes
Goal: memorize letters, learn to lay out letters from cubes, learn to transform letters.
Age: from 4 years old.
What you need: cubes.
How to play?
Any cubes of the same size are suitable for the game - both without a picture and with pictures (including from games like "Make a picture"). The easiest way is to lay out the letters from the cubes according to the pattern or without a pattern (according to the representation). Of course, not all letters can be laid out this way, but only those that do not contain round or semicircular elements. For example: E, E, H, G, T, W, C, W, H, M, U, I, K.
When the child has practiced in laying out the letters from the cubes, you can offer him to transform the letters folded from the cubes. It will be interesting to make the letter G from the letter T, removing the extra cube, move one cube in the letter H so that the letter P is obtained, "turn" E into Y, and U into Sh or C.
Rope letters
Goal: memorize letters, learn to lay out letters from ropes, develop fine motor skills.
Age: from 5 years old.
What you need: colored cardboard, pieces of various kinds of ropes (braid, thick threads for knitting), a simple pencil, PVA glue (preferably in a bottle with a dispenser), a scarf or scarf.
How to play?
Tell your child that you will make unusual letters with him. Ask what letter he would like to make, or suggest a letter yourself - a new one, and possibly one that the child has not yet learned well. On a sheet of cardboard, draw the selected letter with a simple pencil. Give the child glue, let the baby apply glue along the contour - "write with glue" a letter. While the glue is not dry, put a rope on the outline. If the string is too long for that letter, cut off the rest. Let the piece dry.
Have the child feel unusual letter, "remember it with your hands."
Make several of these letters, let the child recognize them blindfolded by touch, find one letter from several proposed for your task. Limit the feeling of the letter, move the child's hand over only one fragment of the letter, offering to guess it.
The letters made for this game can be used later to form syllables and words. Blindfold the child's eyes with a handkerchief or scarf, lay out the letters of the intended word in front of him (no more than 3-4 letters), let him feel the rope letters and make a word out of them.
Tactile letters
Age: from 4 years old.
What you need: sandpaper, velvet paper, scissors.
How to play?
Cut out letters from sandpaper or velvet paper. The child will have to eyes closed, identify the letter by touch.
Magic semolina
Goal: memorize letters, develop fine motor skills.
Age: from 4 years old.
What you'll need: a brightly colored dish tray, semolina.
How to play?
Sprinkle a thin layer of semolina on a tray. Show your child how to write the letters on the semolina directly with your finger or stick. Ask him to write next to the letter, the same as you wrote, write a letter more or less than yours, add an unfinished letter, or erase the extra detail of the "wrong" letter.
On such a screen, any child will be pleased to learn how to write letters: after all, one has only to shake the tray a little, and the mistake or inaccuracy made disappears!
Dreamers, or what the letter looks like
Goal: memorize letters, develop imagination
Age: from 4 years old.
What you will need: drawing paper, colored pencils, felt-tip pens, wax crayons, watercolors, gouache.
How to play?
In order for the child to memorize the letter more easily, it is useful to compare the letters with different objects from environment. Write a letter and ask your child to think of what it looks like. Draw the letter yourself to the object or invite the child to do it. Try to make the drawing bright and funny.
Below are some of the most common comparisons of letters with different objects or their parts.
A - a ladder, a tree trunk with a hollow, a roof of a house.
B - drum and sticks, kangaroo.
B - glasses, a pretzel, a butterfly that folded its wings.
G - braid, semaphore.
D - house, car.
E - broken comb.
Yo - a hedgehog carries two apples on its back.
Zh - beetle, snowflake.
3 - snake, bird in flight.
And - a tree, and next to a mountain, a needle and thread.
Y - next to a tree and a mountain, a bird above them.
K - a bird with an open beak, a crocodile opened its mouth.
L - the ribbons in the braid are untied.
M - two mountains, a T-shirt, a swing, a broken bench.
H - stretcher, bed.
Oh - face, sun, plate, pie.
P - swing, gate.
R - chamomile.
C - drying, elephant's ear.
T - hammer.
U - rabbit ears.
F - owl, a man who put his hands on his belt.
X - turntable, acrobat.
C - a kitten or puppy lies on its back, paws up.
H - a flag, a hanger, an overturned chair.
Sh - hedgehog.
U - brush.
b is the key.
S - skis and ski poles nearby.
b - cook.
E - echo.
Yu - Yula, a branch with an apple.
I am a man with a backpack on my shoulders, a cockerel.
It will be very good if your child sees letters in other objects of the world around him or in the images of animals and people.
If you draw pictures for letters in an album, arranging them in alphabetical order, you will get a unique children's alphabet. You can use such a book yourself for a long time, and then pass it on "by inheritance" younger child, the kid's friends, leave in the kindergarten group.
Home alphabet
Age: from 4 years old.
What you will need: Drawing tablet/Sketching folder/Drawing book on a string, colored pencils, felt-tip pens, wax crayons, watercolors, gouache, magazines/catalogs/postcards/stickers, scissors, glue.
How to play?
Very often, parents buy alphabet posters for their children. Such posters help the child in memorizing letters. But on them, each letter corresponds to only one subject picture, the name of which begins with this letter. Children quickly memorize the proposed matches, and interest in the poster gradually disappears.
A more advantageous version of this study guide you can do with your child using pictures from magazines or catalogs, postcards or stickers.
It is best to start making such a "Home Alphabet" immediately after the child begins to learn letters. Make the first "page" of the alphabet as soon as you introduce the child to the first letter for him. On a piece of paper, write this letter brightly and elegantly, let the child color it. Then, sorting through postcards or stickers, leafing through the pages of magazines or catalogs, look for pictures whose names begin with this letter, cut them out and stick them on the "page" of the alphabet. Along with the number of letters learned by the child, the number of "pages" of the alphabet will also grow. Each "page" can be supplemented in the process of learning the letters, if you come across any new suitable picture.
Decorate the walls of the children's room with "pages" of the alphabet. The kid will be pleased to learn in such an alphabet: after all, he "made" it himself!
You can make an alphabet on a sheet of drawing paper. To do this, first draw whatman paper into 33 identical rectangles. In each write letters, observing alphabet order. As you study the letters, fill in the rectangles with pictures starting with these letters.
Homemade alphabet
An even more interesting version of the game is shown in the photo below. For this game with letters, you will need to pick up small items, toys that you have in your house in advance. You can mold figures from plasticine or salt dough, even use edible props for the game that will not stain the playing field. Put items in a box or pouch, you can constantly replenish your play props with your child.
How to play? Print out the game board. Glue it. The child must take out one item from the box (bag) and arrange them on the playing field, depending on what letter they begin with.
Album for letters
Goal: memorize letters, learn to identify the first sound in words.
Age: from 4 years old.
What you will need: photo album for 36 photos 10x15 cm, cards from white cardboard(10x15 cm, 66 pieces), colored pencils, felt-tip pens, wax crayons, watercolors, gouache, magazines/catalogues/postcards/stickers, scissors, glue.
How to play?
With the help of an ordinary photo album, pictures from magazines and catalogs, from postcards and stickers, you can make a useful guide for learning letters for your child.
On white cardboard cards, use colored pencils or felt-tip pens, watercolors or gouache to write large and beautiful letters of the alphabet.
Insert these cards into your photo album facing left. Match the pictures with the letters of the alphabet. The more pictures you select, the brighter the manual will be and the more interesting it will be for your child to work with it. On the remaining cardboard cards, glue pictures that begin with the same letters. Insert the cards with subject pictures respectively into the spread of the photo album on the right. Album is ready!
The child, looking at the pictures and letters in the album, will unobtrusively memorize the letters. You can take such an album with you on the road or for a walk, without fear that the child will spoil or stain it - after all, the letters and pictures in it are protected by a film.
Smart charging
Goal: memorize letters based on the image.
Age: from 4 years old.
What you need: two pillows, carpet.
How to play?
Any child will be interested in becoming a letter. Show your child how to turn into letters.
Letter A - put your feet shoulder-width apart, fold your hands behind your lower back.
Letter B - with one hand, put a pillow on the stomach, stretch the other hand forward.
Letter B - pull two pillows close to you.
Letter G - stretch your hands forward, close your fingers in the lock.
Letter D - sit with your child on the carpet with your back to each other, bend your legs slightly at the knees.
Letter E - standing on one leg, stretch the other leg forward, at the same time stretch your arms forward.
The letter Yo is the same as the letter E, while winking.
Letter F - put your feet shoulder-width apart, bend your arms at the elbows and lift up.
Letter 3 - lying on your side, bend your legs at the knees, take your head back, bend back.
Letter I - join your hands behind your back, one hand through the forearm, and the other through the lower back.
The letter Y is the same as the letter I, while nodding your head.
Letter K - stretch your right leg forward, put it on the toe, right hand bend at the elbow and lift up.
Letter L - put your feet shoulder-width apart, press your hands to the body.
Letter M - stand with the child opposite each other and hold hands, lower your hands down.
Letter H - stand with the child opposite each other, stretch your arms forward; let him put his hands on yours.
Letter 0 - join your hands above your head, forming a circle.
Letter P - spread your arms to the sides, bent at the elbows, turn your palms towards the body.
The letter P - put both hands with your palms on your forehead, elbows together.
Letter C - lying on your side, bend, taking the shape of a semicircle.
Letter T - extend both arms to the sides.
Letter U - standing, left hand pull along the body; press the shoulder of the right hand to the chest, take the forearm slightly down, close and straighten the fingers.
Letter F - put your hands on your belt.
Letter X - put your feet shoulder-width apart, raise your arms up and slightly spread apart.
Letter C - bend your right hand at the elbow up and take it to the side, place your left hand parallel to the right, taking it also to the right.
Letter H - join your arms in front of you bent at the elbows.
Letter Ш - spread your arms to the sides, bent at the elbows, forearms raised up, turn your palms to the body.
The letter W is the same as the letter W, while stamping with your left foot.
Letter b - put a pillow on your stomach, take one arm, bent at the elbow, back and up.
Letter Y - put a pillow on your stomach, and put the child in front of you.
Letter b - put a pillow on your stomach.
Letter E - take your right leg to the side, put it on your heel, raise your left hand up and bend to the right, bend your right arm at the elbow and press it to the body.
Letter Yu - hold a pillow in front of you with outstretched arms.
Letter I - put your right hand on your belt, put your right foot to the right and put it on your heel.
First, invite the child to repeat these "figures" after you. Ask your child to think of a different way to represent the letters. If possible, take a picture of the child when he draws different letters. With the help of these photos, you will be able to compose syllables and words with your baby in the future.
Do not tell the child what letters you turn into, let him guess. And next time the baby will show the letters.
magic pouch
Age: from 4 years old.
What you will need: letters from the set (plastic or magnetic), a pouch.
How to play?
An opaque plastic bag or gift bag may be suitable for playing.
Put in a bag known to the child letters. Offer to take out the letters one by one, guess them by touch, come up with a word that begins with this letter. If the child, taking out the letter, makes a mistake in the name, correct it, and lower the letter back into the bag. When the child takes out this letter again, he will already name it correctly.
You can put letters new to the child in the bag, but there should be no more than 1-3 for 1 game.
After several games with the magic bag, to maintain interest in the game, put a few small items. These can be: a paper clip, a cap from a felt-tip pen, a button, a stopper from plastic bottle, counting stick, number from a set, geometric figure, etc.
Have your child come up with words that end with the letter from the bag. Do not use the letters B, D, C, D, F, 3 for this task, because at the end of the word they are heard differently. You can think of words that have a dropped letter (regardless of its place in the word).
Smart hide and seek
Age: from 4 years old.
What you will need: colored paper, White paper, scissors, colored pencils or felt-tip pens, paper clips, adhesive tape.
How to play?
Cut out large volumetric letters from colored paper or write them on landscape sheets with colored pencils (felt-tip pens). For one game, 5-7 letters are enough. Of these, no more than 3 are new for the child.
Hide all the letters somewhere in the apartment (or in the room) so that only small fragments of them remain visible. You can hide the letters: behind a mirror, under a closet, behind a curtain, in a book, in a desk drawer, on the ceiling, under a pillow, behind a lampshade, etc. Use tape or paper clips to fasten the letters. Do all the preparatory work without the child.
Tell your child that the letters are playing hide and seek with him. Offer to find letters.
The child will be interested in finding both familiar and new letters. If the child sees a letter familiar to him, before he gets it, ask him to guess from the visible part what kind of letter it is. For better memorization of new letters, you can place them in "special" places. For example: the letter X can be hidden in the refrigerator, the letter 3 can be hidden behind a mirror, the letter K can be hidden in a chest of drawers, the letter C can be hidden in a pot with indoor flower, the letter B - hang on a hanger in the hallway, etc.
Age: from 4 years old.
What you will need: colored paper, white paper, scissors, colored pencils or felt-tip pens, paper clips.
How to play?
Cut out bright large flowers from colored paper different shapes. 6-10 colors are enough to organize the game. From white paper, cut out the "middles" of flowers of the appropriate size. Decide which letters would be useful for your child to work on now. Write the letters on the "middles", using paper clips, attach them to the flowers. Spread flowers on the floor.
"Turn" a child into a butterfly: read a poem about a butterfly or give the child a large handkerchief - "wings". Tell the "butterfly" which flower to land on. Switch roles: now let the child name the letters on which you will "land".
To play with other letters, you do not need to cut out new flowers, you only need to write "middle" and attach them to the old flowers.
Note! For the game, it is useful to choose flowers-letters that are similar to each other - having the same elements. For example, in one game, use the letters P, N, I, T, D, E, W, and the next time write the letters C, B, R, S, 3, Z, F on the colors.
Write letters on ordinary sheets of paper - these will be airfields. With the help of a poem or an imitation exercise (arms to the sides, hum), "turn" the child into an airplane and command which airfield to land on. The boy will like this version of the game more.
Letters on the back
Goal: memorize letters, develop attention.
Age: from 4 years old.
What you'll need: No props are needed for this game.
How to play?
Play riddles with your child. Simply "write" on the back of the child with your index finger or the blunt end of a pencil the letter known to him. Ask what letter you wrote. Invite your child to write a letter on your back, and you guess. Guess the letters in turn.
Thus, it is useful to memorize letters that the child cannot learn firmly for some reason.
You write on the child's back, and at the same time he writes the same letter with chalk on a blackboard or with a felt-tip pen on paper.
Find the same letters
Goal: memorize letters, develop attention.
Age: from 4 years old.
How to play?
For this game, you must first prepare cards with letters. Cut the cardboard into rectangles, write one letter on each card. Letters must be written in several variants (styles), two letters of each variant. Letters can vary in size, color, font style. Lay out the letters in front of the child. Invite him to find paired - the same letters. Do not forget to ask the child what letters he found.
Let the child sort the letters into groups: large and small, by color, by writing style. Then he will name all the letters in each group.
cut the letters
Goal: memorize letters, learn to distinguish letters similar in spelling, develop spatial thinking.
Age: from 4 years old.
What you will need: white cardstock, colored pencils or markers, and scissors.
How to play?
For this game, you must first prepare cards with letters. Cut the cardboard into rectangles about 13x18cm in size. Write one letter on each card. Cut the cards first into two parts. Encourage your child to collect letters by presenting parts in different ways: parts of one letter, parts of one letter + one part from another letter, parts of 2-3 letters at the same time.
To compose several letters at the same time and compose a letter using an extra part, it is important that all letters are written with a felt-tip pen of the same color. Otherwise, the color will become an obvious clue for the child.
Then you can cut the same cards again - so that you get 3-5 parts of one letter. If you successfully complete letters from 5 parts, you can cut a few more parts until you get 8 parts. Use different ways cutting letters: horizontally, vertically, diagonally.
The same letter can be made to the child several times, cutting it each time in a different way.
Pay special attention to the selection of letters for simultaneous folding. First, select letters, the difference in the style of which is obvious, for example: A and R, C and I, U and B, L and Y. Then you can present parts of letters that are similar in spelling at the same time, for example: P and B, W and E, H and P, C and B, G and T, K and X, M and L, L and A.
Don't forget to ask your child what the letter is!
Such tasks are very similar to the cut-out picture games that many preschoolers enjoy. Drawing up "cut letters" contributes not only to memorization, but also to the development of visual-effective thinking, helps to prevent errors in writing letters (mirror writing, writing "upside down", erroneous writing instead of a given letter similar in appearance).
mirror letters
Age: from 4 years old.
What you will need: cardboard, scissors, pencil / felt-tip pen / pen.
How to play?
Prepare cards of the same size (approximately 8x12 cm) at the rate of 2 pieces for the letters studied by the child. Write 1 letter on each card. Letters must be written in the correct and mirror ("back to front") image.
Lay out a couple of cards in front of the child with the image of the same letter. Please choose the correct letter. Organize an independent check of the task by the child: give him the opportunity to compare the selected letter with the letters from the "ABC" or "Primer". Be sure to ask the name of the letter.
The exercise will help in the future to avoid mistakes in writing letters.
Toy shop
Goal: learn to identify the first sound in words, find the corresponding letter.
Age: from 4 years old.
What you will need: 5-10 of your child's toys, letters that begin with the names of these toys (magnetic / from the cash register of letters / written on small pieces of paper).
How to play?
Organize a shop at home. Lay out different toys "on the counter": a ball, a doll, a pyramid, a car, etc. The seller is you. The buyer is your child. The main condition is that the goods can be bought only by correctly naming the first sound of the word and "paying" the seller with the corresponding letter.
Switch roles: now you are the buyer, and the child is the seller. When you "buy" toys, choose the wrong letter on purpose. The seller will have to refuse your purchase and explain why he cannot sell this toy for the "money" you offered.
Note! You do not need to use items starting with the letters E, E, Z, YU for the game.
Options:
All children love to play "to the store", but so that this game does not get bored, and also to memorize more letters, you can change the "profile" of the store. Today it's a grocery store, tomorrow it's a sports store. Sell dishes, vegetables and fruits, clothes and shoes, educational supplies.
It is very convenient for this game to use a set of pictures. With the help of pictures, you will be able to "sell" not only those items that are actually laid out by the "seller" on an imaginary counter, but also "goods" much bigger size eg: transport, furniture, trees, flowers. Such pictures will be useful to you for other games.
Age: from 4 years old.
What you will need: toys (for example, a bear, a doll, Pinocchio, a baby doll, a soldier, a tiger cub), postcards, envelopes, colored pencils or felt-tip pens.
How to play?
Prepare "letters" for toys: put the postcards in envelopes, write the "address" on the envelopes - the first letters of the names of the toys (M, K, B, P, S, T). "Turn" your child into a postman: put him a bag over his shoulder, fold the letters into the bag. The child needs to guess which of the toys which letter to give. The main condition for completing the task: the toy receives an envelope on which the first letter of her "name" is written.
Prepare "letters" for your family members: grandmother - an envelope with the letter B, grandfather - an envelope with the letter D, dad - with the letter P, etc. It is especially interesting to play "Mail" before the holidays, for example, before the New Year. If you put real ones in envelopes Greeting Cards addressed to family members, then the little postman will be able to proudly deliver holiday mail.
Bring the goods
Goal: learn to identify the first sound in words, memorize letters.
Age: from 4 years old.
What you need: 3 trucks, alphabet letters, scotch tape, small toys - a pyramid, a gun, a doll, a clown, a cube and a brick from a wooden constructor, a ring, a ball, a scoop, a bucket.
How to play?
All children - both boys and girls - are happy to use cars in their games. The game "in cars" at your desire turns into a developing and educational game. It is quite easy to do this! Attach the letters K, P, M to the cars with adhesive tape. These will be the "brands" of the cars. Place toys in front of your child. Offer to distribute the loads among the cars. To choose which machine to put the load in, you need to determine the first sound in the name of the toy and find the corresponding letter on the machine. Cars carry only those items that begin with a letter - the "brand" of the car.
Please note that not all cargo can be transported on these machines. Ask your child what other vehicles are needed to transport the remaining toys.
Invite the child to distribute the toys, focusing on the last letter in their name. Remember that the names of toys ending in G, 3, C, D, F, B will not work for such a task, because these letters at the end of the word denote other sounds.
Goal: memorize letters, develop coordination of movements.
Age: from 4 years old.
What you will need: images of fish (from a lotto or from children's magazines / silhouettes cut out of paper), paper clips, colored pencils or felt-tip pens, string (30 cm long), magnet, ruler (20-30 cm long), tape, hoop ( blue scarf / blue rug / blue blanket), bucket.
How to play?
Before the start of the game, you need to make a fishing rod and a "catch". To make a fishing rod, tie a string to the ruler, and attach a magnet to the end of the string (you can tie it or stick it with tape). On the fish, write the letters that your child currently remembers. Attach a paper clip to each fish.
Put a hoop on the floor - it will be a "lake". Instead of a hoop, you can use a large scarf, blanket, rug, blue or blue color. "Run" the fish into the lake - put all the fish in a hoop. Now your child, like a "real fisherman", can fish in the lake. The main rule of the game: only that fish is considered to be caught, the "name" of which (the letter attached to it) the child can recognize. The entire catch of the fisherman is added to the bucket.
Note! Before starting the game, decide for yourself how it is more beneficial for your child to turn the fish in the lake - letters up or letters down. If the child sees what letters are written on the fish, then perhaps he will not specifically "catch" fish with letters unfamiliar to him. On the other hand, if the fish are turned upside down, you can tell the child which fish to catch. In this version of the game, the child will need to remember what the letter you named looks like, and after the kid catches the corresponding fish, he will only repeat the name of the letter written on the fish.
Letter dress
Goal: memorize letters, develop fine motor skills.
Age: from 5 years old.
What you will need: a set of cardboard white color, a set of colored paper, PVA glue, a glue brush, a simple pencil.
How to play?
First, determine which letter your child would be interested in "making a dress for": maybe it's the first letter of his name, or maybe you want to "make a dress" for a letter that your child cannot remember for a long time, or for letters with which you will introduce him today.
On a sheet of cardboard with a simple pencil, draw the outline of the selected letter. Discuss with your child what color dress for this letter he would like to make, you can offer to choose several colors for the dress.
Tear off small pieces from sheets of paper of the chosen colors, spread them with glue, attach the pieces to the cardboard, filling the outline of the letter with them. If the child has chosen several colors for work, tell him how to arrange the pieces of different colors. For example: glue them as you like (you will get a colorful dress), glue pieces of one color at the bottom, pieces of a different color in the middle, and pieces of a third color at the top (you will get a striped dress), etc. Point out to the child that the pieces must be glued tightly to each other, "so that there are no holes on the dress."
The color of the dress can be chosen based on the names of different colors. So, for the letter K, a red or brown dress is suitable; for the letter C - blue, gray, lilac; for the letter G - blue, for the letter Zh - yellow; for the letter 3 - green; for the letter R - pink; for the letter F - purple; for the letter 0 it is orange, and for the letter H it is black. You can choose the "design" corresponding to the letter. For example, the letter C will wear a colored dress (flowered / multi-colored), the letter M will become a sailor and put on a vest. This choice of color and decoration method will contribute to better memorization.
If your child likes this kind of paperwork, you can make all the letters of the alphabet with him as he learns them, coming up with a dress color for each letter.
Incredibly fluffy, soft and cute letters are obtained if instead of plain paper you use colored (printed) or multi-colored paper napkins.
Letter constructor
Goal: memorize letters, learn to lay out letters from individual parts.
Age: from 5 years old.
What you will need: a set of colored cardboard, a simple pencil, a ruler, compasses, scissors.
How to play?
Before starting the game, make the details of the designer. Cut out 8 strips of cardboard 12, 6, 3 and 1.5 cm long. The width of all strips is 1.5 cm. Using a compass, draw a circle with a diameter of 6 cm on the cardboard, draw a circle with a diameter of 4.5 cm inside it. Cut out the resulting ring and cut it into two half rings. You will need 6 of these half rings. Cut another ring of a given size into 4 identical sectors (a quarter of the ring).
From the details of the designer, make up letters with your child: offer to figure out how to make a given letter on your own, ask to make a letter according to your model.
Make an incorrect letter (in a mirror image - "back to front" or inverted - "upside down"), have the child rearrange the parts so that the correct letter is obtained.
Convert letters. For example, put down one large stick and ask the child to add only one detail to make a letter. The next move is yours - add details or swap them to get a new letter. Then the child will convert the letter you laid out to another. Take turns. The following rows of letters are possible: T-G-P-N-M; I-F-R-V-B-L-S-Y.
Journey game
Goal: memorize letters, learn to come up with a word for a given letter.
Age: from 5 years old.
What you will need: Whatman paper or wallpaper, templates with geometric shapes, a simple pencil, colored pencils or felt-tip pens, object pictures, scissors, glue, chips (small toys / buttons), a dice.
How to play?
On a sheet of drawing paper, draw a travel route - a curved open line. Along this line, using a template with geometric shapes, draw stopping points with colored pencils or felt-tip pens. AT geometric shapes write letters.
Pick one for yourself and your child. Throw the die in turn and "move" for the number of moves rolled. Once on the stop figure, name the letters that have fallen out, come up with words that begin (or end) with these letters. Anyone who cannot name a letter at a stop or come up with a word moves back one point (skips a move). The one who gets to the finish line first wins.
If desired, decorate the game with pictures from magazines or postcards, stickers or pictures from the bingo. With the help of pictures, you can also set the theme of the game: "Journey through the forest", "Journey through fairy tales", "Sport", etc. Complicate the route: draw arrows to go back and forth for several moves, enter conventions skipping a move or an extra move (for example, if the chip is on the square - an extra move, and if the figure is red - skipping the move).
To create such a manual, you can use the travel board game field, just enter different letters in the circles.
letter in the box
Age: from 5 years old.
What you will need: white and colored cardboard, colored pencils or felt-tip pens, scissors.
How to play?
Prepare cards from colored and white cardboard of the same size, approximately 13x18 cm. 3-5 pieces of color cards may come in handy, and determine the number of white cards based on the number of letters to memorize. On white cardstock, write large letters with felt-tip pens. Cut out "windows" of various shapes (round, square, triangular, oval, rectangular) in colored cardboard cards: there is one window in each card. It is advisable to cut the windows not in the middle of the card, but by shifting them slightly up or down.
Hide the card with the letter behind the card with the window. Try to do this so that the child does not see the letter ahead of time. Show the child the box with the letter. Ask him to recognize and name the letter in the window (by fragment).
Note! The same letter can be guessed many times, alternating cards with windows or changing the presented fragment in the window (this is easy to do by turning the card with the window upside down).
The game will help you remember well graphic images letters, do not confuse letters in further learning to read.
Attentive eyes
Goal: memorize letters, train attention and observation.
Age: from 5 years old.
What you will need: Drawing paper, pencil / felt-tip pen / pen.
How to play?
Copy the pictures onto separate sheets (see fig.). Invite the child to guess which letters are hidden in these pictures. Let the child turn the sheets in different directions, so he can find more letters. If the child cannot recognize a letter, circle it with the blunt end of a pencil, this will help the child guess the letter. Don't say which letter you show; if the child can see her, he will name her himself. If the baby still cannot see the letter, name it yourself.
It is easy to come up with such tasks yourself. The main rule when compiling images: the same element (detail) must simultaneously be part of two or more letters. That is, the letters should be as if inscribed in each other. In this way, it is easy to imagine the letters R and C, B and C, B and R, G and T, H and P, A and M, F and Z, K and X, X and Z. You can also invite the child to dream up and come up with similar riddles.
Goal: memorize graphic images of letters, learn to recognize the same elements of letters, learn to recognize different elements of letters.
Age: from 4 years old.
What you will need: paper (album, notebook, notebook, sheets), colored pencils or felt-tip pens.
How to play?
Write "corrupted" letters (unfinished, with missing details). Tell the child that these letters were spoiled by the harmful Letterhead and ask the child to restore (add/repair) them. Be sure to ask what letter you got.
You can write one of the most common letter elements (vertical line, horizontal line, slanted line, circle, semicircle) and ask the child to name all the letters that contain this element if there are several answers.
For example, the right semicircle is found in the letters 3, F, S, V, R, E, B, L, b, the left semicircle is in the letters F and I, the slanted line is a component of the letters I, Y, Y, K, X, Zh , M, a horizontal line is present in the letters A, P, N, T, G, B, E, E, Yu, Sh, Shch, C, D.
Such an exercise develops visual attention, prevents erroneous naming of letters when reading and misspelling letters when typing. It is very important to prevent these mistakes, because your child will write with the help of block letters. The kid will start mastering the "written" letters only in the first grade.
Options:
Try to "guess" letters that have 2 identical elements. For example, two vertical lines. Such lines are the constituent parts of the letters H, I, Y, Y, M, P, C, W, W. Any of the letters listed will be the correct answer to the riddle.
You can also play this game on the street: write letters with a stick in the sand or with chalk on the pavement. In winter, trample the letters on the snow or write on the snow with a shovel.
Logic chains
Goal: memorize letters, train attention, develop logical thinking.
Age: from 5 years old.
What you will need: drawing paper, pencil/felt-tip pen/pen.
How to play?
Sitting next to the child, write a chain of letters: A-L-A-L-A. Ask them to guess which letter should be next. Write it down or have your child write the letter himself. Offer to look again at the chain of letters and name which letter should now be next. Write it down. Continue to guess the next 3-5 letters in order.
This task is a logical pattern - the rule of alternation. You can offer other types of alternation of letters, for example:
A-A-L-L-A-A-L-L
A-L-L-A-L-L-A
A-L-A-P-A-L-A-P, etc.
At first, it is better to make such chains from letters that are obviously different from each other, for example: D and C, F and T, C and D, 3 and I. Later, when the child learns to see the rules for building chains, you can make them from letters that are close in spelling and having the same elements. For example: I and M, V and F, F and K, E and W.
If the child finds it difficult to complete the task, help him by saying the whole chain of letters aloud, pronounce the names of the letters in an exaggerated way in different ways (quietly and loudly, in a high and low voice).
This exercise is useful for developing analytical skills, the ability to find patterns, so you can return to it at later stages of learning (when the child reads syllables, words, sentences).
To make chains, use letters from a split alphabet or from a set of magnetic letters. In this case, the child does not write down the answer, but lays out the corresponding letters in the continuation of the chain.
Find and cross out
Goal: memorize letters, learn to distinguish letters similar in spelling, train attention.
Age: from 5 years old.
What you will need: any text in large print (an old children's book, perhaps "Primer" or "ABC", flyers from mailbox), pencil/felt pen/pen.
How to play?
For the first game, choose text with a small number of large letters in the same font and size. Invite the child, carefully looking through the text, to find and cross out the given letter, preferably the one that you are now memorizing with him. Teach your child to look through all the letters in order, do not skip lines. At other times, a letter can be circled, put a dot under or above it, etc.
Upon successful completion of such tasks, complicate the instructions, offer to simultaneously search and cross out (underline / circle) 2 different letters.
The next level of difficulty is to find 2 different letters and designate them in different ways, for example: underline 0, cross out A. When doing tasks in this variant, first suggest looking for letters that are obviously different from each other, for example, M and T, L and S, I and N, A and E, F and S. Then, when the child learns to alternate between different ways of marking the letters you are looking for, offer letters that have similar elements in the spelling, for example, N and I, P and N, C and R, B and S, W and C, C and O, F and K, G and T.
Over time, you can replace search text with letters of the same size and font with text or a set of letters in different fonts and sizes. Flyers or newspaper advertisements are very suitable for working at this level - there are letters not only in different fonts and sizes, but also in different colors. Another convenient option for preparing such assignments is to print them on a computer using different styles and different letter sizes.
To complicate the conditions of the game, you can limit the time of work on the task, for example, work for 1 minute. After the time has elapsed, you should count the number of letters that the child was able to view. From time to time, the number of letters viewed in 1 minute will increase, which will become a tangible indicator of the success of the child.
Interest in this exercise remains in children for a very long time. Therefore, you can return to the game even when the child is already good at reading. In this case main task will be a training of attention, concentration, the ability to follow instructions.
Work on one of these tasks yourself, make mistakes on purpose, invite the child to play the role of a teacher and check the correctness of the task.
The letter grows
Goal: memorize letters, develop fine motor skills.
Age: from 5 years old.
What you need: Drawing paper, colored pencils or markers.
How to play?
Prepare strips of paper about 5x20 cm in size. Lay the strip horizontally. On the left side on a strip of paper, "plant" (write) a small letter, for example A. Then write the letter A, gradually increasing its size, to the end of the sheet. last letter should be written across the entire width of the sheet. Tell the child that this is how the "letter grows." Invite him to "grow" some letter himself.
If the child cannot increase the size of the letter gradually, falls into a smaller size, help him with verbal instructions: "And the next letter is a little higher", "Now a little higher", "Again the letter is higher ..."
There is another way to help in case of difficulties in completing the task. "Turn" the child into a letter, ask him to show how the letter grows - first the child squats, lowering his head down, then raises his head, gradually gets up, then slowly raises his hands up, finally stands on tiptoe.
The exercise perfectly develops fine motor skills, forms the ability to follow instructions.
Options:
You can change the conditions of the task: write, reducing the size of the letter. Then you need to write a letter of the maximum size in the left corner of the strip - the entire width of the sheet.
Try to make "hills" from the letters. First, gradually increase the size of the letter, reaching the maximum approximately in the middle of the strip, and then gradually reduce the size, returning to the original size of the letter at the very end of the line. Or vice versa - start writing from the very capital letter, gradually reduce the size, bringing it to the minimum by the middle of the sheet, and then gradually increase the size of the letter, bringing it to the original by the end of the line.
Letter Lotto
Goal: memorize letters, develop attention, learn to identify the first sound in words.
Age: from 5 years old.
What you will need: drawing paper, ruler, pencil, colored pencils or felt-tip pens, object pictures (from board games or cut out of magazines), a pouch.
How to play?
Divide sheets of paper into 6-8 rectangles of the same size. Write one letter in each rectangle. Write letters in large, bright colors. From board games or magazines, pick up pictures whose names begin with letters written on sheets of paper.
Invite the child to choose one of the cards with letters and find the corresponding picture for each letter from those prepared for the game. The letter must be covered with a picture.
When the child learns to find the right pictures, you can play this game with the whole family. The rules of the game are simple. Each member of the family chooses a card with a letter. One of the family members is the host. He takes out subject pictures from the bag one at a time, asks: "Who needs ...?" (pronounces the name of the object shown in the picture). The one who has the corresponding letter takes the picture for himself, covering the letter with it. The first one to cover all the letters on their card wins.
Glue subject pictures on large cards, take letters out of the bag and cover the pictures with them. The rules of the game are the same. If subject pictures are glued onto large cards on topics (shoes, clothes, animals, birds, fish, insects, trees, flowers, mushrooms, vegetables, fruits, furniture, dishes, pets, wild animals, animals of hot countries, animals of the North), then another goal of the game will be the development of speech and the expansion of the vocabulary of the baby.
letter-traveler
Purpose: to learn to determine the presence of sound in words, to learn to determine the place of sound in a word, to memorize letters.
Age: from 5 years old.
What you will need: a picture of the types of passenger transport (airplane / train / bus / ship), letters from a set of magnetic letters.
How to play?
Separate each picture depicting a type of passenger transport using a ruler and simple pencil into three parts - conventionally the beginning, middle and end of the passenger compartment.
Choose a letter from a set of magnetic letters, the place of which in the word will be determined by your child. Select the mode of transport for "travel letters". Tell your child that the letter can only take the seat on the plane / bus / train / ship that is indicated on the ticket. In order to find out what place a letter occupies, you need to determine the place of sound in a word (at the beginning, in the middle, at the end). "Ticket" you call, and the child places the letter in the transport.
For example, you agreed that the letter Sh is traveling today. The child chooses a plane for her. You call "ticket" - the word JOKE (exaggerated pronounce SH-SH-JOKE). The child determines that the sound Ш in this word is at the beginning of the word and "plants" the letter at the beginning of the salon. Change the ticket - name the word REED (pronounce exaggerated REED-Sh-Sh). The child will "plant" the letter Sh in the tail of the plane. Change the ticket again - exaggerately say the word ROOF-SH-SHA. The child will "plant" the letter Ш in the middle of the cabin, because the sound Ш in the word ROOF is in the middle of the word. Offer the child a fraudulent ticket - the word BEETLE. There is no "SH" in this word, so the child will remove the letter from the plane.
As "tickets" use subject pictures, in the names of which there is a "letter-traveler". Do not forget to offer the child pictures that do not have this letter in the name, so that the child learns to identify its absence in words.
Letter domino
Goal: memorize letters, learn to identify the first sound in words.
Age: from 5 years old.
What you will need: white cardboard, subject pictures, a simple pencil, ruler, scissors, glue, colored pencils or felt-tip pens.
How to play?
Currently, there are many options for ready-made educational games with letters like "Domino" on sale. All these games, as a rule, have one feature: only one letter is included in each set, only one corresponding picture is selected for each letter. When a child plays such dominoes, he quickly remembers the proposed correspondences of letters and pictures, and therefore the game soon becomes uninteresting for the child.
You can make a similar game yourself. To make the game interesting, pick up not one picture for each letter of the alphabet, but several. Use old magazines, booklets, catalogs to search for pictures. Already used books with stickers, postcards, candy wrappers can be useful to you.
From white cardboard, make a set of cards of the same size. Determine the size of the card yourself, depending on the size of the pictures you have chosen: the picture should fit on half of the card. Make a markup on each card: divide it in half with a pencil and a ruler. Write the letters of the alphabet on the right half of the cards, and glue subject pictures on the left halves. You can write letters by hand, print them out on a printer, or cut out large letters from magazines / newspapers.
There are no special rules in the selection of pictures and letters for one card. But you need to avoid the coincidence on one card of the written / pasted letter and the letter with which the name of the subject in the picture begins.
Explain to your child the rules of the game. For each card, you need to select another card so that the written letters match the pictures that begin with these letters. Take and give your child 5-8 cards. Place the remaining cards in a common deck. Build chains of letters and pictures. Take turns. If you or your child does not have a matching card, draw additional ones from the deck. Whoever runs out of cards first wins. Don't forget to ask your child to name the letters on the cards!
Invite the child to build a chain of cards himself, observing the rule of playing Dominoes. Let him select cards in such a way as to use as many letters and pictures as possible in one chain. The best option for completing such a task is to lay out all the cards of the made set in one chain.
Druzhilki
Goal: memorize letters, learn to invent words for letters, develop imagination, develop speech.
Age: from 5 years old.
What you will need: pictures of different animals, letters from a split alphabet or magnetic ones.
How to play?
Lay out the pictures with animals on one table (stool, sofa), and the letters on another table (stool, sofa). Play in turn. First, take any picture yourself and think of what letter the animal depicted on it would like to be friends with. For example: an ELEPHANT would like to be friends with the letter X because it has a trunk, and a CAT with the letter M because it catches mice. Find the corresponding letter, tell why the animal wants to be friends with this letter.
The next move is your child. Give him the opportunity to choose a picture from those laid out on the table. If the child cannot come up with a letter for this picture, help him: ask a hint question. For example: the child chose a picture with a RABBIT, ask the child what the rabbit likes to eat (carrot - chooses the letter M).
The game not only helps to memorize letters, but also expands the horizons of the child.
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